CN103731650A - Stereo display device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Stereo display device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103731650A CN103731650A CN201210393782.0A CN201210393782A CN103731650A CN 103731650 A CN103731650 A CN 103731650A CN 201210393782 A CN201210393782 A CN 201210393782A CN 103731650 A CN103731650 A CN 103731650A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stereo display device and a control method thereof. The stereo display device comprises a display panel, a backlight source, shutter glasses used by an observer and a processing unit. The backlight source is arranged below the display panel and is provided with a plurality of light-emitting zones. The difference value of a connecting starting moment of a light-emitting zone and a connecting starting moment of a next light-emitting zone is a delay time value, and each light-emitting zone can provide a light source needed by the display panel according to a preset connecting time period. The shutter glasses used by the observer are provided with a first switch and a second switch. The processing unit is electrically connected with the display panel and the backlight source, turning on or off of the switches of the shutter glasses can be controlled, an image is displayed on the display panel, and a plurality of delay time values and a plurality of preset connecting time periods of the backlight source are controlled. The light-emitting zones are connected and closed in sequence, and the backlight source has at least two kinds of delay time values and at least two kinds of preset connecting time periods.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of stereo display technique, particularly a kind of three-dimensional display and control method thereof.
Background technology
The lasting progress of Display Technique in recent years, gradually by two-dimensions (two-dimensional, be called for short 2D) plane show and towards three dimensionality (three-dimensional, abbreviation 3D) stereo display development, outside image processing and color quality general, can enter a visual experience that solid space is provided.The basic principle of stereo display technique is to make the image that observer's two of left and right are seen for Same Scene produce the stereoscopic visual effect that parallax causes.
At present the backlight formula three-dimensional display of collocation shutter glasses (shutter glass) often has image flicker, white cross-talk (white crosstalk) is inhomogeneous or the problem such as display middle section luminance shortage.Therefore, be necessary to develop new backlight formula three-dimensional display technology with to controlling and improving.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of 3 d display device and control method thereof, to solve the existing problem of above-mentioned prior art.
For reaching this object, according to an aspect of the present invention, an embodiment provides a kind of control method of 3 d display device, and it comprises the following steps: that (A) provides a 3 d display device, and wherein, described 3 d display device comprises: a display floater; One backlight, is arranged under described display floater and has a plurality of light-emitting zones, and each light-emitting zone can provide described display floater required light source according to a predetermined conducting period; And the shutter glasses of beholder's use, there is one first switch and a second switch; (B) a plurality of light-emitting zones described in sequentially conducting, wherein said light-emitting zone its to start ON time be a time of delay with time its time difference that starts ON time of a light-emitting zone, and described backlight has at least two kinds of different described time of delays, and there are at least two kinds of different described predetermined conducting periods; And (C) at described a plurality of light-emitting zones, be all closed, and after the period, again carry out step (B) through a predetermined buffer; Wherein, in the time range of described predetermined buffer period, described the first switch is unlocked and described second switch can be closed, or described the first switch is closed and described second switch can be unlocked.Or for avoiding the liquid crystal reaction speed of shutter glasses fast not, therefore, it is when likely the first switch cuts out, second switch has been opened shutter glasses can be opened ahead of time.
Wherein, described the first switch and second switch have the switching reaction time so that each switch switches to its opening by its closed condition, and the described switching reaction time be less than the described predetermined buffer period.
Wherein, an image is in the described predetermined conducting period, starts to be scanned on described display floater.
Wherein, the light-emitting zone that is close to described backlight middle body have one time of delay D
center, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight marginal portion have one time of delay D
edge, and described time of delay D
centerbe greater than described time of delay of D
edge.
Wherein, other light-emitting zones between described backlight middle body and marginal portion have one time of delay D
others, and described time of delay D
centerbe greater than described time of delay of D
others, described time of delay D
othersbe greater than described time of delay of D
edge.
Wherein, the light-emitting zone that is close to described backlight middle body has a conducting period τ
center, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight marginal portion has a conducting period τ
edge, and described conducting maintains period τ
centerbe greater than described conducting period τ
edge.
Wherein, the light-emitting zone that is close to described backlight middle body has a conducting period τ
center, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight marginal portion has a conducting period τ
edge, other light-emitting zones of non-adjacent described backlight middle body and marginal portion have a conducting period τ
others, and described conducting period τ
centerbe greater than described conducting period τ
others, described conducting period τ
edgebe greater than described conducting period τ
others.
In another aspect of this invention, another embodiment provides a kind of 3 d display device, and it comprises: a display floater; One backlight, be arranged under described display floater and there are a plurality of light-emitting zones, wherein said light-emitting zone its to start ON time be a time of delay with time its difference that starts ON time of a light-emitting zone, and each light-emitting zone can and provide described display floater required light source according to a predetermined conducting period; The shutter glasses that one beholder uses, has the first switch and second switch; An and processing unit, be electrically connected described display floater and described backlight, and can control described shutter glasses each switch unlatching or close, by an image display on described display floater and control described a plurality of time of delay and described a plurality of predetermined conducting period of described backlight; Wherein, described a plurality of light-emitting zones are sequentially switched on and close, and described backlight has at least two kinds of different described time of delays, and have at least two kinds of different described predetermined conducting periods.
Wherein, described processing unit makes described image in the described predetermined conducting period, starts to be scanned on described display floater.
Wherein, described backlight have eight light-emitting zones and sequentially produce seven time of delay D
1~ D
7, and D
1equal D
7, D
2equal D
6, D
3equal D
4equal D
5, and D
3be greater than D
2, D
2be greater than D
1, and described backlight has eight light-emitting zones and sequentially produce eight predetermined conducting period τ
1~ τ
8, and τ
1be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7, τ
4be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7, τ
5be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7, and τ
8be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to the section of structure of the three-dimensional display of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that the first switch or the second switch of shutter glasses accepted the penetrance sequential chart that control signal is reacted.
Fig. 3 is the time sequential routine figure according to the three-dimensional display of the present embodiment, comprises the sequential of display floater scanning, backlight scanner uni shutter glasses switch.
Fig. 4 is light-emitting zone n=1~8 driven sequential enlarged drawing sequentially of the backlight of Fig. 3.
Description of reference numerals: 100 three-dimensional displays; 110 display floaters; 120 backlights; 1~N light-emitting zone; 130 shutter glasses; 131 first switches; 132 second switches; 140 processing units; 201 diagonal angle oblique lines.
Embodiment
For making your juror have further cognitive and understanding to feature of the present invention, object and function, hereby coordinate graphic detailed description embodiments of the invention as rear.In all specifications and diagram, will adopt identical element number to specify same or similar element.
In embodiments of the invention explanations, for an element, be described another element " above/on " or " below/under ", refer to directly or indirectly the upper of described element or under situation, and comprise other elements that are arranged at therebetween.For the facility on illustrating and clear and definite, graphic in each thickness or size layer by layer, be to exaggerate or the mode of omission or summary represents, and the size of each inscape is not entirely its actual size.
Fig. 1 is according to the section of structure of the three-dimensional display 100 of first embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 1, described three-dimensional display 100 comprises a display floater 110, a backlight 120, a shutter glasses 130 and a processing unit 140.Described processing unit 140 can be divided into right-eye image and left-eye images for the image of Same Scene (scene), and on described display floater 110, shows that right-eye image sees to right eye, shows that left-eye images sees to left eye.Therefore, described shutter glasses 130 has the first switch 131 and second switch 132, when described display floater 110 is play right-eye image, described processing unit 140 can be controlled described shutter glasses 130, described the first switch 131 is unlocked and described second switch 132 can be closed to cover beholder's left eye, and makes right-eye image only enter its right eye; When described display floater 110 is play left-eye images, described processing unit 140 can make described the first switch 131 be closed and described second switch 132 can be unlocked, and to cover beholder's right eye, and makes left-eye images only enter its left eye; So replace the unlatching of described the first switch 131 and second switch 132 and close, just can make two of left and right receive respectively Same Scene and the image of different visual angles, to produce third dimension, or, for avoiding the liquid crystal reaction speed of shutter glasses 130 fast not, therefore, it likely first is closed 131 o'clock, second switch 132 has been unlocked, and shutter glasses 130 can be opened ahead of time.Described processing unit 140 can connect described shutter glasses 130 wirelessly, for example, and radio frequency (RF) or infrared ray (IR) remote control, but the present invention is not limited this.
Described backlight 120 can be arranged at described display floater 110 times and have a plurality of can be independently the addressed and luminous light-emitting zone of conducting, its numbering n is respectively 1~N.Described processing unit 140 is electrically connected described display floater 110 and described backlights 120, with scan or image that addressing institute wish shows on described display floater 110 and control conducting or the cut-off of described a plurality of light-emitting zone 1~N of described backlight 120.In the present embodiment, when described in described processing unit 140 conductings during backlight 120, the order that described a plurality of light-emitting zone 1~N is switched on is from top to bottom sequentially luminous according to its numbering, and described light-emitting zone n+1 be in described light-emitting zone n start to be switched on again through one time of delay D
nafter be switched on, and described time of delay D
nfor adjacent two light-emitting zones, it starts the time difference of conducting; In other words, if described light-emitting zone n is in t=T
nmoment be switched on, its next light-emitting zone (described light-emitting zone n+1) will be at t=T
n+ D
nmoment be switched on, between described a plurality of light-emitting zone n and n+1, there is described time of delay of D
ntime difference.In addition,, after described light-emitting zone n is switched on, its conducting state will maintain a predetermined conducting period τ
njust be cut off afterwards; In other words, if described light-emitting zone n is in t=T
nmoment be switched on, it will be at t=T
n+ τ
nmoment be cut off.
Described a plurality of time of delay of D due to prior art
1~D
n-1mutually the same and described a plurality of predetermined conducting period τ
1~τ
nalso identical each other, often cause viewing and admiring of three-dimensional display that the problems such as inhomogeneous or its central regional luminance deficiency of white cross-talk occur; Therefore, the present embodiment adopts and makes above-mentioned D time of delay of N-1 altogether
1~D
n-1can be incomplete same each other, and/or the above-mentioned predetermined conducting period τ of N altogether
1~τ
nmeans that can be incomplete same each other; In other words, described backlight 120 has at least two kinds of different D time of delay
1~D
n-1, and there are at least two kinds of different predetermined conducting period τ
1~τ
n.
For example,, if D
centerrepresent the time of delay of the light-emitting zone of described backlight 120 adjacent central parts, D
edgerepresent the time of delay of the light-emitting zone of described backlight 120 neighboring edge parts, D
centercan be greater than D
edge; This is applicable to the situation that light-emitting zone quantity is few, for example, and N≤4.More do not enter person, in the many situations of light-emitting zone quantity, for example, N>=6, if D
othersrepresent the time of delay of other light-emitting zones of described backlight 120 adjacent central parts and marginal portion, D
centercan be greater than D
others, D
otherscan be greater than D
edge.In addition, if τ
centerrepresent the conducting period of the light-emitting zone of described backlight 120 adjacent central parts, τ
edgethe conducting period of the light-emitting zone of the contiguous described backlight of representative 120 marginal portions, τ
centercan be greater than τ
edge; This is applicable to the situation that light-emitting zone quantity is few, for example, and N≤4.More do not enter person, in the many situations of light-emitting zone quantity, for example, N>=6, if τ
othersrepresent the conducting period of other light-emitting zones of the non-adjacent middle body of described backlight 120 and marginal portion, τ
centercan be greater than τ
others, and τ
edgecan be greater than τ
others.
In addition, because the first switch 131 of described shutter glasses 130 and the switching of Second Sight switch 132 action needs some reaction time, could open completely or close by completely opening to switch to completely by closing to switch to completely, be called during this period of time rising (rise) time or decline (fall) time, particularly current shutter glasses is often realized with liquid crystal type electric-controlled switch, and the switching of Liquid Crystal Molecules Alignment direction needs some times.Fig. 2 is that the first switch or the second switch of shutter glasses accepted the penetrance sequential chart that control signal is reacted; Wherein, when the first switch of described shutter glasses or the control signal of second switch are switched to ON by OFF, the first switch of described shutter glasses or the penetrance of second switch reaction sequential will there will be rise time τ
riseresponse delay, and when the control signal of eye switch is while being switched to OFF by ON, the penetrance reaction sequential of described eye switch will there will be τ fall time
fallresponse delay.
If described a plurality of light-emitting zone n=1~N initial time driven and that conducting is luminous of described backlight 120 is at above-mentioned rise time τ
riseor fall time τ
falltime range in, can cause the audience of three-dimensional display to have the sensation of image flicker, and this may be also that the shutter glasses of wireless remote control is because radio frequency or unstable the caused shake of infrared receiver.Therefore in the present embodiment, described processing unit 140 can be further described a plurality of light-emitting zone 1~N of described backlight 120 by the process of periodically conducting in, when light-emitting zone N described in the last cycle (light-emitting zone of numbering most end) is cut off, can be again through a predetermined buffer period τ
bufferafterwards, the described light-emitting zone 1 in a cycle after just making (numbering light-emitting zone at first) is switched on again, and makes described predetermined buffer period τ
buffertime range contain and surpass described the first switch 131 and second switch 132 switches the rise time τ of reaction
riseor fall time τ
fall, so that described a plurality of light-emitting zone 1~N initial time driven and that conducting is luminous of described backlight 120 is avoided above-mentioned rise time τ
riseor fall time τ
falltime range in.
For example, described processing unit 140 can be at described predetermined buffer period τ
buffertime range in, described the first switch 131 is unlocked and described second switch 132 can be closed, or described the first switch 131 is closed and can be unlocked by described second switch 132.And described the first switch 131 and second switch 132 have just like above-mentioned rise time τ
riseor fall time τ
fallswitching reaction time τ
switch, so that each switch of described shutter glasses 130 switches between its closed condition and its opening, described switching reaction time τ
switchcan be less than described predetermined buffer period τ
buffer.
Below for the present embodiment, to there is the case of the backlight of eight light-emitting zones (N=8), illustrate.Fig. 3 is the time sequential routine figure according to the three-dimensional display of the present embodiment.As shown in Figure 3, its (a) figure represents the scan line addressing (addressing) of continuous several images on a display floater, described a plurality of scan line is by from top to bottom addressing or scanning in turn on described display floater, and wherein diagonal angle oblique line 201 is in order to represent the carrying out of this action.The present embodiment adopts the image display frequency of 120Hz, thereby the left eye and the right-eye image scanning that complete single approximately need 8.333ms.
As shown in Figure 3, described a plurality of light-emitting zones n=1~8 that its (b) figure represents described backlight are the driven and luminous sequential of conducting sequentially, and the enlarged drawing of its time shaft can be as shown in Figure 4.After each light-emitting zone 1~8 is switched on, its conducting state will maintain a predetermined conducting period (τ
1~τ
8) after be just cut off, τ namely
1~τ
8be respectively (duty interval) during the responsibility of described a plurality of light-emitting zone 1~8.In addition, after described light-emitting zone n is switched on, described light-emitting zone n+1 through one time of delay D
njust can then be switched on afterwards, namely D
1~D
7be respectively the timing period (delay interval) of described a plurality of light-emitting zone 2~8 after for its previous light-emitting zone 1~7 conducting.
In the implementation case, described a plurality of predetermined conducting period τ
1~τ
8can be each other incomplete same and described a plurality of time of delay D
1~D
7can be also incomplete same each other.As shown in Fig. 3 (b) and Fig. 4, described a plurality of time of delay (D
3=D
4=D
5) be greater than (D
2=D
6), and (D
2=D
6) be greater than again (D
1=D
7), and described a plurality of predetermined conducting period (τ
1, τ
4, τ
5, τ
8) be greater than (τ
2, τ
3, τ
6, τ
7), can reach the effect of improving the shortcomings such as inhomogeneous or its central regional luminance deficiency of the white cross-talk of described three-dimensional display; But the present invention is not as restriction, and above-mentioned predetermined conducting period and time of delay are determined by actual demand.
In addition, as shown in Figure 3, its (c) figure represents the switching sequence of described shutter glasses.In left-eye images, scanned in the process on described display floater 110, the left eye switch of described shutter glasses (described the first switch 131) is at t=T
ain time, is unlocked and its right eye switch (described second switch 132) can be closed, and described a plurality of light-emitting zones n=1~8 of described backlight are through described predetermined buffer period τ
buffert=T afterwards
0in time, start driven and sequentially conducting is luminous, makes left eye picture can suitably enter left eye.In like manner, described a plurality of light-emitting zones 1~8 of described backlight complete scan-type luminous after, right-eye image is still in the process being scanned on described display floater, the right eye switch of described shutter glasses (described second switch 132) is at t=T
bin time, is unlocked and its left eye switch (described the first switch 131) is closed simultaneously, and described a plurality of light-emitting zones n=1~8 of described backlight are through described predetermined buffer period τ
buffert=T ' afterwards
0in time, start again driven and conducting is luminous, makes right eye picture can suitably enter right eye.Preferably, described processing unit 140 starts to carry out scanning left eye or right-eye image on described display floater, is at described predetermined conducting period τ
1or τ
2time range in.
Next be according to the control method of the three-dimensional display of second embodiment of the invention, for example, the three-dimensional display 100 of above-mentioned the first embodiment.In the present embodiment, described three-dimensional display can comprise a display floater, and is arranged at backlight and the shutter glasses for beholder under described display floater; Described shutter glasses has the first switch and second switch, and with so that right-eye image only enters beholder's right eye, left-eye images only enters beholder's left eye, and alternately for so that two of the left and right image that successively receives Same Scene different visual angles; And described backlight has numbering n and is respectively a plurality of light-emitting zones of 1~N, and described a plurality of light-emitting zone 1~N are sequentially switched on according to its number order, wherein said light-emitting zone n+1 will described light-emitting zone n start to be switched on again through one time of delay D
nafter (or be called each light-emitting zone n+1 timing period), just can then be switched on, and after described light-emitting zone n is switched on, its conducting state will maintain a predetermined conducting period τ
nafter (or during being called the responsibility of each light-emitting zone n), be just cut off.
If the first switch of described shutter glasses and second switch are respectively in opening and closed condition, the operating procedure of the present embodiment is as follows.First, sequentially drive described a plurality of light-emitting zone 1~N of backlight described in conducting, and be cut off and through a predetermined buffer period τ at described light-emitting zone N (last light-emitting zone of this cycle)
bufferafterwards, again carry out the aforesaid step that sequentially drives backlight described in conducting, and at described predetermined buffer period τ
buffertime range in, control described shutter glasses and its first switch and second switch switched to respectively close and opening, so repeatedly drive described backlight, and at upper predetermined buffer period τ once
buffertime range in, control described shutter glasses and its first and second switch switched to respectively open and closed condition; So, the right-eye image that makes replacing only enters beholder's right eye, and left-eye images only enters beholder's left eye, and two of left and right can successively receive Same Scene and the image of different visual angles, to produce the vision of beholder's stereopsis.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned D time of delay of N-1 altogether
1~D
n-1can be incomplete same each other, and/or the above-mentioned predetermined conducting period τ of N altogether
1~τ
ncan be incomplete same each other.About described a plurality of time of delay of D
1~D
n-1, described a plurality of predetermined conducting period τ
1~τ
n, and described predetermined buffer period τ
bufferswitching reaction time τ with described the first switch and second switch
switchthe explanation of relation etc., please refer to the associated description of the first embodiment, do not repeat them here.
For example, described processing unit 140 can be in time range, described the first switch 131 is unlocked and described second switch 132 can be closed, or described the first switch 131 is closed and described second switch 132 can be unlocked.And, so that the first switch 131 and the second switch 132 of shutter glasses 130 switch in off position and between opening, described switching reaction time τ
switchcan be less than described predetermined buffer period τ
buffer.In addition, in order to make left eye picture can suitably enter left eye and right eye picture can suitably enter right eye, and do not cause the flickering of beholder's vision, this control method can make the scanning of each left eye or right-eye image on described display floater, is to start from the light-emitting zone 1 of described backlight or 2 predetermined conducting period τ
1or τ
2time range in.
As described above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, when can not with limit the scope of the invention.The equalization of generally doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims changes and modifies, and will not lose main idea of the present invention place, does not also depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and former capital should be considered as further status of implementation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a control method for 3 d display device, is characterized in that, it comprises the following steps:
(A) provide a 3 d display device, wherein, described 3 d display device comprises:
One display floater;
One backlight, is arranged under described display floater and has a plurality of light-emitting zones, and each light-emitting zone is to provide described display floater required light source according to a predetermined conducting period; And
The shutter glasses that one beholder uses, has one first switch and a second switch;
(B) a plurality of light-emitting zones described in sequentially conducting, wherein said light-emitting zone its to start ON time be a time of delay with time its time difference that starts ON time of a light-emitting zone, and described backlight has at least two kinds of different described time of delays, and there are at least two kinds of different described predetermined conducting periods; And
(C) at described a plurality of light-emitting zones, be all closed, and after the period, again carry out step (B) through a predetermined buffer;
Wherein, in the time range of described predetermined buffer period, described the first switch is unlocked and described second switch can be closed, or described the first switch is closed and described second switch can be unlocked.
2. control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described the first switch and second switch have the switching reaction time so that each switch switches to its opening by its closed condition, and the described switching reaction time be less than the described predetermined buffer period.
3. control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, an image is in the described predetermined conducting period, starts to be scanned on described display floater.
4. control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight middle body have one time of delay D
center, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight marginal portion have one time of delay D
edge, and described time of delay D
centerbe greater than described time of delay of D
edge.
5. control method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, other light-emitting zones between described backlight middle body and marginal portion have one time of delay D
others, and described time of delay D
centerbe greater than described time of delay of D
others, described time of delay D
othersbe greater than described time of delay of D
edge.
6. control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight middle body has a conducting period τ
center, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight marginal portion has a conducting period τ
edge, and described conducting maintains period τ
centerbe greater than described conducting period τ
edge.
7. control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight middle body has a conducting period τ
center, the light-emitting zone of contiguous described backlight marginal portion has a conducting period τ
edge, other light-emitting zones of non-adjacent described backlight middle body and marginal portion have a conducting period τ
others, and described conducting period τ
centerbe greater than described conducting period τ
others, described conducting period τ
edgebe greater than described conducting period τ
others.
8. a 3 d display device, is characterized in that, it comprises:
One display floater;
One backlight, be arranged under described display floater and there are a plurality of light-emitting zones, wherein said light-emitting zone its to start ON time be a time of delay with time its difference that starts ON time of a light-emitting zone, and each light-emitting zone can and provide described display floater required light source according to a predetermined conducting period;
The shutter glasses that one beholder uses, has the first switch and second switch; And
One processing unit, be electrically connected described display floater and described backlight, and can control described shutter glasses each switch unlatching or close, by an image display on described display floater and control described a plurality of time of delay and described a plurality of predetermined conducting period of described backlight;
Wherein, described a plurality of light-emitting zones are sequentially switched on and close, and described backlight cording has at least two kinds of different described time of delays, and have at least two kinds of different described predetermined conducting periods.
9. 3 d display device according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described processing unit makes described image in the described predetermined conducting period, starts to be scanned on described display floater.
10. three-dimensional display according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described backlight have eight light-emitting zones and sequentially produce seven time of delay D
1~ D
7, and D
1equal D
7, D
2equal D
6, D
3equal D
4equal D
5, and D
3be greater than D
2, D
2be greater than D
1, and described backlight has eight light-emitting zones and sequentially produce eight predetermined conducting period τ
1~ τ
8, and τ
1be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7, τ
4be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7, τ
5be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7, and τ
8be greater than τ
2, τ
3, τ
6and τ
7.
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