CN103728731A - Tunable filter using a wave plate - Google Patents
Tunable filter using a wave plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN103728731A CN103728731A CN201310384968.4A CN201310384968A CN103728731A CN 103728731 A CN103728731 A CN 103728731A CN 201310384968 A CN201310384968 A CN 201310384968A CN 103728731 A CN103728731 A CN 103728731A
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Abstract
Tunable filters are provided that have transmittances that are independent of the polarization state of an incident beam. The tunable filters include an interference bandpass filter positioned to transmit an input beam of light to produce transmitted light. A wave plate is positioned to rotate the polarization of the transmitted light and a reflector is positioned to reflect the rotated light so that it propagates through the wave plate a second time and then passes through the interference filter a second time to produce second transmitted light.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires to enjoy in the U.S. Patent application No.13/633 that the denomination of invention submitted on October 1st, 2012 is " a kind of adjustable filter that uses wave plate ", 005 right of priority, and this document is hereby incorporated by.
Technical field
The present invention relates to adjustable interference filter, more specifically, relate to the adjustable filter with the transmittance irrelevant with the polarization state of incident wave beam.
Background technology
The transmission of interference fringe bandpass filter distributes and comprises transmision peak wavelength, transmittance and pass through bandwidth.Transmision peak wavelength is the function of the incident angle of incident light.Increase incident angle and will cause the shorter wavelength of transmision peak wavelength shift to.As a rule, the quantity of this skew depends on incident polarized state of light.Any polarization state can both be represented by the linear polarization state term of two quadratures.By convention, the parameter of called after S-polarization and P-polarization is used for representing described two cross polarizations, and wherein P-polarization is parallel with plane of incidence.In this manual, plane of incidence is called XZ plane.Figure 1A illustrates along the tilt side view of adjustable filter of an angle of Y-axis.Referring to this figure, a circular polarization wave beam 10 transmits and injects interference filter 12.This circular polarization wave beam is characterized by the polarization state of described two quadratures, as: P-polarization and S-polarization.14 demonstrations of P-polarized component are positioned at XZ plane, the i.e. plane of the page.S-polarized component 16 is shown as parallel with Y-axis, is Z axis and vertical with the plane of the page.
When the interference filter wide-angle that tilts with regard to incident wave beam, the component of P-polarization and S-polarization will have different toward each other transmission and distribute, and its example as shown in Figure 1B.; the even wave beam with a P component and a S component; have substantially uniform intensity in the bandwidth of wider (or at least identical with the bandwidth of described interference filter), this even wave beam will distribute to transmit described P and S component according to the transmission of specific filter simultaneously.In the situation that wave beam passes through wave filter twice, P-polarized component has the clean transmittance of Tp * Tp, and wherein transmittance is the measured value of the number percent of transmission.In the situation that described S-polarized component is passed through wave filter twice, its clean transmittance is Ts * Ts.The single that Figure 1B shows YidBWei unit is by interference filter, as the interference filter 12 in Figure 1A, transmission distribute.The measured value of YidBWei unit can be converted to number percent at an easy rate.
Input and output wave beam I (in) and the I (out) of any polarization state can be expressed as follows:
I (in)=Ip (in)+Is (in), and
I(out)＝Ip(out)+Is(out)。
Therefore, when transmittance recently shows with percentage and when system comprises a level crossing, described wave beam by twice by wave filter,
Tnet＝I(out)/I(in)＝(Ip(in)×Tp×Tp+Is(in)×Ts×Ts)/(Ip(in)+Is(in))。
In prior art, polarization separation element has been used to, according to amount of polarization P or S, incident wave beam is separated into two bundles.In the wherein a branch of path of described two bundle wave beams, inserting the wave plate that a slice is suitable, can be identical with the polarization of another wave beam by its polarization conversion, for example, from S-polarization conversion, is P-polarization.Thereby two bundle wave beam can there is identical polarization.So, the impact of different polarization can be eliminated.Regrettably, in prior art, the configuration of these systems is all too complicated.Therefore, the embodiment of the adjustable filter with the transmittance irrelevant with the polarization state of incident wave beam need to be provided.Also need to provide in terms of existing technologies the embodiment that more simplifies, has lower Polarization Dependent Loss, removes polarization separation/restructuring element simultaneously, compacter owing to removing described polarization separation/restructuring element, and allow to adopt two fine collimating apparatuss as input/output end port.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide the adjustable filter with the transmittance irrelevant with the polarization state of incident wave beam.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the adjustable filter with lower Polarization Dependent Loss.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the adjustable filter of removing polarization separation and restructuring element.
An object of the present invention is to provide compact adjustable filter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide and allows to adopt two fine collimating apparatuss as the adjustable filter of input/output end port.
These and other target of the present invention, the instruction based on disclosure file, will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
One adjustable filter comprises an interference fringe bandpass filter, is arranged to transmission input wave beam to produce transmitted light.One wave plate is arranged to rotate described transmission polarisation of light, and a reverberator be arranged to reflect described postrotational light so as its for the second time by after described wave plate more for the second time by described interference filter to produce the second transmitted light.One support is provided for along the axle vertical with the standard surface of described wave filter and rotates this wave filter.In certain embodiments, one or more optical fiber collimators provide an input port and an output port.In ideal conditions, when described wave filter is tilted various angle, this interference filter is selected as having the wavelength shift almost identical to each polarization of wave beam.Exemplary catoptron comprises a level crossing and a retroeflector.The wave plate of example comprises a quarter wave plate and one 1/2 wave plates.In some cases, input light is provided and is exported light and collected by second optical fiber collimator by an optical fiber collimator.Described retroeflector has almost identical phase change amount each polarization being carried out to reflex time.Embodiments of the invention comprise the method that operates described adjustable filter and the method for constructing described adjustable filter.The configuration of described adjustable filter provides the transmittance irrelevant with the polarization state of incident wave beam.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing of integrating with this instructions and forming this instructions part illustrates embodiments of the invention, and is used for together with the description explaining principle of the present invention.
Figure 1A illustrates P-and the S-polarization of a wave filter tilting along Y-axis.
The transmittance of S polarization and P polarization when Figure 1B is illustrated in single by an interference filter.
P polarized beam 90-degree rotation when Fig. 2 illustrates by one 1/2 wave plate, thus P polarized beam is changed into the S polarization with respect to interference filter.
Fig. 3 illustrates by twice rear P polarized beam 90-degree rotation of a quarter wave plate.
The transmittance of P polarized beam and S polarized beam when Fig. 4 A illustrates single by an interference filter, described interference filter has almost identical peak wavelength for P polarization and S polarization.
The transmittance of P polarized beam and S polarized beam when Fig. 4 B illustrates single by an interference filter, the peak wavelength that described interference filter has for P polarization and S polarization is at a distance of 200nm.
Fig. 5 is for utilizing the side view of the embodiment of a single fiber collimating apparatus and a circulator.
Fig. 6 is for adopting the top view of the embodiment of two fine collimating apparatuss.
Fig. 7 is for adopting the top view of the embodiment of two optical fiber collimators and a retroeflector.
Fig. 8 shows and adopts two optical fiber collimators, single 1/2 wave plate on unidirectional and the top view that further uses the embodiment of a retroeflector.
Fig. 9 shows the top view of the embodiment that adopts two optical fiber collimators, a quarter wave plate and level crossings.
Embodiment
When a linear polarization wave beam passes through one 1/2 wave plate, the polarization axle of this 1/2 wave plate becomes the angle of a α with the polarization direction of this wave beam, and the polarization direction of this wave beam is rotated the angle of 2 α.For example, when α=45 are spent, the polarization direction in the vertical direction linear polarization wave beam of (X-axis) has become the polarization direction linear polarization wave beam of (Y-axis) in the horizontal direction.Specifically as shown in Figure 2, the incident wave beam 20 of P-polarization, is denoted as reference number 22, by interference filter 24, still keeps P polarization direction.Then incident light 20, by 1/2 wave plate 26, has rotated 90 degree, and its polarization direction becomes S direction, with respect to interference filter, is denoted as reference number 28.
Fig. 3 illustrates a specific embodiment of the present invention, and wherein a quarter wave plate is inserted between the interference filter and level crossing of inclination.Quarter wave plate is adjusted to its polarization axle and becomes miter angle with P polarization direction (X-axis).Incident wave beam is by quarter wave plate, and then by flat mirror reflects, thereby wave beam passes through quarter wave plate again.On the combination function of quarter wave plate and level crossing, be equivalent to 1/2 wave plate.After passing through quarter wave plate twice, the polarization direction of described wave beam becomes S polarization direction from P polarization direction.Specifically as shown in Figure 3, input wave beam 30, its P polarized component is denoted as parameter 32.After interference filter 34, described wave beam keeps P polarization direction.Then, this wave beam is by quarter wave plate 36, and this wave plate is by rotatory polarization direction 45 degree.Afterwards, this wave beam is reflected by level crossing 38, and by wave plate 36, its polarization direction is rotated 45 degree again, thereby with respect to interference filter, becomes the polarized component light 40 of S polarization direction for the second time.
Suppose evenly to input wave beam the required wave filter of bandwidth ratio be with roomyly, for example, with reference to the transmittance of the wave filter shown in Figure 1B, according to Tp curve, the P polarized component of input wave beam will be passed through interference filter for the first time.After the polarization direction of this wave beam rotation 45 degree, through its polarization direction of reflection, rotate again 45 degree, this wave beam becomes S polarized light and passes through bandpass filter again.Therefore bandpass filter is only transmitted the wavelength of corresponding Ts curve.Incident light transmission starts the polarized light as P, and final transfer curve is the product of Ts and Tp curve.The clean transmittance of paying special attention to two wave filters is the product of both transmittance curves in linear graduation, or on logarithmic scale, be both transmittance curves and.
When being that the input wave beam of S polarized component direction passes through wave filter for the first time with respect to interference filter, it has the transmittance corresponding to Ts curve.Its through with the same transmission path of P polarized light after, become P polarized light, again by interference filter, become the product of Ts and Tp curve.Correspondingly, interference filter can not bring any difference with respect to the angle of input wave beam, and two polarizations divide and have identical transmittance curve, and therefore, this adjustable filter has the transmittance irrelevant with the polarization state of incident wave beam.
Therefore,, for the P polarized component of input wave beam, final transmission distribution character depends on the product of Tp and Ts.
Tnet＝Ip(out)/Ip(in)＝Ip(in)×Tp×Ts/Ip(in)＝Tp×Ts。
In like manner, for the S polarized component of input wave beam, final transmission distribution character depends on the product of Tp and Ts.
Tnet＝Is(out)/Is(in)＝Is(in)×Ts×Tp/Is(in)＝Ts×Tp。
When the wavelength shift of each polarization is almost identical, the product of Tp and Ts has and has the unimodal of less insertion loss, as shown in Figure 4 A.Fig. 4 A show single by time P polarized component (Tp) and S polarized component (Ts) transmittance.As mentioned above, when adopting level crossing and quarter wave plate, the clean transmittance of reflected beam becomes Ts * Tp or Tp * Ts, (Tnet) shown in dotted line.
Must be noted that if single by time P polarized component and S polarized component transmission peak value differ far away, as shown in Figure 1B, even if adopt current invention, clean transmittance still has larger distortion, as shown in Fig. 4 B dotted line (Tnet).In order to realize little insertion loss and equiblibrium mass distribution, when wave filter tilts various angle, to have almost identical wavelength shift be very important to each polarization, as shown in Figure 4 A.
Therefore, any polarization state can be explained by the linear polarization of two quadratures.The input wave beam of random polarization state and input wave beam, I (in) and I (out), can be expressed as follows:
I (in)=Ip (in)+Is (in), and
I(out)＝Ip(out)+Is(out)
Thereby,
Tnet＝I(out)/I(in)＝(Ip(in)×Tp×Ts+Is(in)×Ts×Tp)/(Ip(in)+Is(in))＝Ts×Tp。
Described clean transmittance and the polarization irrelevant of inputting wave beam.In theory, Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) should be 0.Residual Polarization Dependent Loss is because the orientation of wave plate and the dispersion of wave plate.On the contrary, if do not adopt quarter wave plate, under certain angle, affected by polarization very large, as described below for the transmittance of wave filter.
Tnet＝(Ip(in)×Tp×Tp+Is(in)×Ts×Ts)/(Ip(in)+Is(in))。
Fig. 5 shows the embodiment that adopts circulator.The input wave beam 50 with P polarization directly enters circulator 52.Beamformer output by circulator propagates into interference fringe bandpass filter 54.The polarization of wave beam 50, by quarter wave plate 56 rotation 45 degree, then by level crossing 58, reflected, thereby transmission is by quarter wave plate 56 again.Correspondingly, wave beam 50 is S polarizations when for the second time by wave filter 54.Wave beam 50 sees through circulator 52, at output port 59, from system, spreads out of.
Fig. 6 is for adopting the top view of the embodiment of two fine collimating apparatuss.Input optical fibre 60 provides input wave beam 62, and this input wave beam is collimated by lens 64.The polarization 66 of P shown in figure is perpendicular to paper.Beam propagation is by the interference filter 68 tilting, and then, by quarter wave plate 70, polarization direction is rotated 45 degree.Level crossing 72 is directly by beams reflected echo sheet, and its polarization is rotated again, so that becomes S polarization during by interference filter 68 when this wave beam, by being coupled into output optical fibre 76 by lens 64 focusing after wave filter.
Fig. 7 is for adopting the top view of the embodiment of retroeflector (as: roof prism).Input optical fibre 90 provides the input wave beam 92 of dispersing, and it is collimated by lens 94, and directly by wave filter 96.This illustrates input wave beam is the situation of P polarization.When it passes through quarter wave plate 98, polarization direction rotation 45 degree.Described wave beam is reflected by retroeflector 100, and for the second time by wave plate, thereby polarization direction rotates another 45 degree again.Therefore when entering interference filter again, described wave beam there is S polarization with respect to wave filter.Then, described wave beam is focused on by lens 102, and is coupled into output optical fibre 104.
Fig. 8 shows the top view that adopts the embodiment of 1/2 wave plate on the single armed of an equipment.Input optical fibre 110 provides the input wave beam 112 of dispersing, it is collimated by optical element 113, directly enters interference filter 114 and 1/2 wave plate 116, by retroeflector 118, is reflected, thereby again by wave filter 114, by lens 120, focused on and be coupled into output optical fibre 122 afterwards.The P polarized component of input wave beam 112 is by wave plate 90-degree rotation, and when consequently described wave beam is for the second time by described wave filter, P polarized component has been rotated into as the S polarized component with respect to wave filter.
Fig. 9 shows the top view of the embodiment that adopts two optical fiber collimators and level crossing.Input optical fibre 120 provides input wave beam 122, it by one or more optical elements 123 (for example, lens) collimation, described wave beam is by interference filter 124 and quarter wave plate 126, by level crossing 128, reflected by described wave plate and described wave filter, afterwards by the direct input-output optical fiber 132 of one or more optical elements 130.The P polarized component of input wave beam 122 is rotated by 90 degrees when for the first time by wave plate, then for the second time by time be rotated another 45 degree, therefore,, when described wave beam passes through described wave filter for the second time, P polarized component has been rotated into as the S polarized component with respect to wave filter.
Description above of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and be not intended to exhaustive or limit the invention to disclosed precise forms.According to instruction above, can carry out many modifications and variations.The disclosed embodiments are only in order to explain principle of the present invention and practical application thereof, thereby make the others skilled in the art can be with various embodiment and utilize the various modifications that are suitable for the special-purpose considered to use best the present invention.Scope of the present invention is limited by claim below.
Claims (34)
1. an equipment, comprising:
One interference fringe bandpass filter, is arranged to transmit an input beam to produce transmitted light;
One first wave plate, is arranged to rotate described transmission polarisation of light to produce the first rotating light; And
One reverberator, be arranged to reflect described the first rotating light in case its for the second time by described wave plate to produce the second rotating light, wherein said the second rotating light for the second time by described interference filter to produce the second transmitted light.
2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, further comprises for rotate the device of this wave filter along the axle vertical with the standard surface of described wave filter.
3. equipment as claimed in claim 1, further comprise an optical fiber collimator with an input port and an output port, wherein said input port is configured to directly interference filter described in described input beam directive, and described output port is configured to receive described the second transmitted light.
4. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when described wave filter is tilted various angle, described interference filter is selected as having the wavelength shift almost identical to each polarization of described light beam.
5. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reverberator is a level crossing.
6. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said the first wave plate is a quarter wave plate,
And described reverberator is a level crossing.
7. equipment as claimed in claim 3, wherein said optical fiber collimator comprises two fine collimating apparatuss, described input port and output port are in described two fine collimating apparatuss, and described reverberator is a level crossing.
8. equipment as claimed in claim 7, two optical fiber of wherein said two fine collimating apparatuss are all oriented in YZ plane, so that described input wave beam and reflected beam have identical incident angle.
9. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reverberator comprises retroeflector.
10. equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein said retroeflector comprises roof prism.
11. equipment as claimed in claim 8, wherein said retroeflector is selected as having almost identical phase change amount each polarization being carried out to reflex time.
12. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reverberator comprises retroeflector, and described wave plate is selected from the group being comprised of quarter wave plate and 1/2 wave plate.
13. equipment as claimed in claim 12, wherein said wave plate covers the both sides of described retroeflector.
14. equipment as claimed in claim 12, wherein said 1/2 wave plate covers a side of described retroeflector.
15. equipment as claimed in claim 1, further comprise for providing the device of described input wave beam and for collecting the device of described the second transmitted light.
16. equipment as claimed in claim 15, wherein for providing the device of described input wave beam to comprise one first optical fiber collimator, and comprise one second optical fiber collimator for collecting the device of described the second transmitted light.
17. equipment as claimed in claim 16, wherein said the first wave plate comprises one 1/2 wave plates, described reverberator comprises a retroeflector.
18. 1 kinds of methods, comprising:
Transmit an input beam by an interference fringe bandpass filter, to produce transmitted light;
Utilize one first wave plate, rotate described transmission polarisation of light to produce the first rotating light; And
Utilize a reverberator, reflect described the first rotating light in case its for the second time by described wave plate to produce the second rotating light, wherein said the second rotating light for the second time by described interference filter to produce the second transmitted light.
19. methods as claimed in claim 18, further comprise the device utilizing for rotating, and along the axle vertical with the standard surface of described wave filter, rotate this wave filter.
20. methods as claimed in claim 18, further comprise the optical fiber collimator with an input port and an output port is provided, wherein said input port is configured to directly by interference filter described in described input beam directive, described output port is configured to receive described the second transmitted light, and the method further comprises from described input port directly interference filter described in described input beam directive and receives described the second transmitted light at described output port.
21. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein, when described wave filter is tilted various angle, described interference filter is selected as having the wavelength shift almost identical to each polarization of described light beam.
22. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein said reverberator is a level crossing.
23. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein said the first wave plate is a quarter wave plate, and described reverberator is a level crossing.
24. methods as claimed in claim 20, wherein said optical fiber collimator comprises two fine collimating apparatuss, described input port and output port are in described two fine collimating apparatuss, and described reverberator is a level crossing.
25. methods as claimed in claim 24, two optical fiber of wherein said two fine collimating apparatuss are all oriented in YZ plane, and consequently described input wave beam and reflected beam have identical incident angle.
26. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein said reverberator comprises retroeflector.
27. methods as claimed in claim 26, wherein said retroeflector comprises roof prism.
28. methods as claimed in claim 25, wherein said retroeflector is selected as having almost identical phase change amount each polarization being carried out to reflex time.
29. methods as claimed in claim 18, wherein said reverberator comprises retroeflector, and described wave plate is selected from the group being comprised of quarter wave plate and 1/2 wave plate.
30. methods as claimed in claim 29, wherein said wave plate covers the both sides of described retroeflector.
31. methods as claimed in claim 29, wherein said 1/2 wave plate covers a side of described retroeflector.
32. methods as claimed in claim 18, further provide described input wave beam and utilize one second optical fiber collimator to collect described the second transmitted light from one first optical fiber collimator.
33. methods as claimed in claim 32, wherein said the first wave plate comprises one 1/2 wave plates, described reverberator comprises a retroeflector.
34. 1 kinds of equipment, comprising:
One interference fringe bandpass filter;
One reverberator; And
Device for polarization rotation, the wherein said device for polarization rotation is positioned between described interference fringe bandpass filter and described reverberator, the polarization direction of the wave beam by described interference filter by by the described device 90-degree rotation for polarization rotation to produce a polarization rotary beam, and described reverberator will cause described polarization rotary beam for the second time by described interference fringe bandpass filter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/633,005 US20130094087A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2012-10-01 | Tunable filter using a wave plate |
| US13/633005 | 2012-10-01 |
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| CN103728731A true CN103728731A (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201310384968.4A Pending CN103728731A (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2013-08-29 | Tunable filter using a wave plate |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117614548A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-02-27 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Photo-generated high-stability millimeter wave method and device |
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| JPH09146020A (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-06-06 | Koshin Kagaku:Kk | Polarization-nondependent variable wavelength device and polarization axis rotary mirror |
| CN101523170A (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2009-09-02 | 瑞尼斯豪公司 | Filter arrangement for Raman spectroscopy system |
| US20120224181A1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-06 | Ms. Hongxia Lu | Wide-Band/High-Resolution Tunable Spectral Filter |
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2013
- 2013-08-29 CN CN201310384968.4A patent/CN103728731A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09146020A (en) * | 1995-11-20 | 1997-06-06 | Koshin Kagaku:Kk | Polarization-nondependent variable wavelength device and polarization axis rotary mirror |
| CN101523170A (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2009-09-02 | 瑞尼斯豪公司 | Filter arrangement for Raman spectroscopy system |
| US20120224181A1 (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2012-09-06 | Ms. Hongxia Lu | Wide-Band/High-Resolution Tunable Spectral Filter |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117614548A (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2024-02-27 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Photo-generated high-stability millimeter wave method and device |
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Application publication date: 20140416 |