CN103728666A - Method for determining replacement speed of static correction middle reference plane - Google Patents

Method for determining replacement speed of static correction middle reference plane Download PDF

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CN103728666A
CN103728666A CN201210394094.6A CN201210394094A CN103728666A CN 103728666 A CN103728666 A CN 103728666A CN 201210394094 A CN201210394094 A CN 201210394094A CN 103728666 A CN103728666 A CN 103728666A
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velocity
static correction
speed
data
replacement
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CN103728666B (en
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林伯香
孙晶梅
李鹏
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for determining the replacement speed of a static correction middle reference plane, and belongs to the field of processing of seismic exploration data. The method for determining the replacement speed of the static correction middle reference plane comprises the steps that S1, near-surface speed model data and ray density data of preliminary chromatography are input; S3, the position of the top interface of a high-speed layer is picked according to the ray density data or by combining the ray density data and the near-surface speed model data; S4, according to the position of the top interface of the high-speed layer picked in the S3, the initial speed of the high-speed layer is extracted from the speed model data; S6, the initial speed of the high-speed layer is processed to obtain the variation trend of speed, and the replacement speed of the complete middle reference plane on an xoy plane is constructed. By means of the method for determining the replacement speed of the static correction middle reference plane, the replacement speed of the middle reference plane can be extracted from the preliminary chromatography result rapidly and accurately.

Description

A kind of method of definite static correction static correction replacement velocity
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic prospecting data data processing field, be specifically related to a kind of method of definite static correction static correction replacement velocity, for extracting static correction replacement velocity from first arrival tomographic results.
Background technology
Static correction is an important step in Seismic Exploration Data Processing.The calculating of conventional static correction technology static correction value, is first stripped to boundary (high-velocity bed top) at the bottom of weathering zone by the speed of near surface weathering zone, then by replacement velocity, from boundary at the bottom of weathering zone, is corrected to unified reference field, and replacement velocity is got a constant in the whole district.In near surface high-velocity bed speed horizontal change, little or little most of areas of elevation horizontal change, interface, high-velocity bed top are suitable, can not cause obvious problem.Most static correction calculation procedures all adopts the technology of this constant replacement velocity.
But in all larger work areas of interface, near surface high-velocity bed speed and high-velocity bed top elevation horizontal change, be not suitable for adopting the static correction technology of constant replacement velocity, should adopt static correction (reference field in the middle of the also claiming) static correction technology of the change replacement velocity being shown below.
t = - h w v w + H m - H g v g + H d - H m v d
H in formula wwith v wrespectively thickness and the speed of weathering zone, H gthat weathering zone bottom boundary is the elevation at interface, high-velocity bed top, H dwith v drespectively the unified replacement velocity of final datum elevation and the whole district, H mstatic correction elevation, v git is the static correction replacement velocity of spatially-variable.The calculating of static correction static correction technology static correction value, first by the speed of near surface weathering zone, be stripped to boundary (high-velocity bed top) at the bottom of weathering zone, then by the static correction replacement velocity of spatially-variable, from boundary at the bottom of weathering zone, be corrected to static correction, finally by the unified replacement velocity of the whole district, from static correction, be corrected to unified reference field.Work as H g=H mtime, static correction static correction computing technique is changed in quality for conventional static correction computing technique.In static correction static correction technology, have 2 important parameters, one is static correction replacement velocity v g(also claiming correction rate), one is static correction elevation H m.
Only has when static correction replacement velocity can embody the horizontal change of high-velocity bed speed the effect that just can make static correction static correction technology obtain.Static correction replacement velocity is from near-surface velocity model.Adopting near surface survey data to set up in the static correction technology of near-surface velocity model, can obtain by interpolation high-velocity bed speed.When adopting refraction static correction technology, can get the speed of the darkest refractor as static correction replacement velocity.But adopt static correction technology and the refraction static correction technology of the modeling of near surface survey data poor to the adaptability of complicated terrain area.
For complicated terrain area, first arrival chromatography static correction technology is a kind of technology that current application is the widest, complicated terrain area is had to very strong adaptive faculty, and it can be set up in length and breadth to the reliable near-surface velocity model of continually varying.
The near-surface velocity model of setting up from first arrival chromatography, extracting quickly and accurately static correction replacement velocity, is one of key of carrying out near surface high-velocity bed speed and high-velocity bed top interface elevation horizontal change larger area seismic data static correction.But, also do not see that document relates to the technology of extracting rapidly and accurately static correction replacement velocity from the near-surface velocity model of first arrival chromatography at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existing in above-mentioned prior art, a kind of method of definite static correction static correction replacement velocity is provided, from first arrival tomographic results, extract more rapidly and accurately the replacement velocity of static correction, improve complicated terrain area static application efficiency and effect.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a kind of method of definite static correction static correction replacement velocity, said method comprising the steps of:
S1, near-surface velocity model data and the radiographic density data of input first arrival chromatography;
S3, according to described radiographic density data or described radiographic density data are combined with near-surface velocity data, picks up high-velocity bed top interface location;
S4, the high-velocity bed top interface location picking up according to step S3 extracts high-velocity bed initial velocity from speed model data;
S6, processes the variation tendency of acquisition speed to described high-velocity bed initial velocity, form complete static correction replacement velocity in xoy plane.
Between described step S1 and step S3, further comprise step S2: described radiographic density data are carried out to pre-service, and balanced in the plane radiographic density distributes, to facilitate the automatic Picking at interface, high-velocity bed top.
Between described step S4 and step S6, further comprise step S5: the high-velocity bed initial velocity that step S4 is extracted is edited, reject and revise obviously abnormal velocity amplitude.
After described step S6, further comprise step S7: the static correction replacement velocity that output step S6 obtains.
Described in described step S3, picking up high-velocity bed top interface location is adopt automated manner, interactive mode or automatically pick up with the mode combining alternately.
In step S6, if described high-velocity bed initial velocity contains not pickup point, adopt the mode of interpolation to obtain the not velocity amplitude of pickup point, finally form static correction replacement velocity complete in xoy plane.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: large for topographic relief, and the larger work area of near surface high-velocity bed speed horizontal change, need to adopt static correction static correction computing technique to overcome conventional static correction computing technique when solving the limitation existing during these regional static correction problems, adopt the inventive method can from first arrival tomographic results, extract quickly and accurately static correction replacement velocity, be applied to deriving static correction values in static correction static correction technology, improve static correction counting yield and effect in real data processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is certain earth's surface, 3D seismic prospecting work area elevation plane figure (part) in embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view at 3D near-surface velocity model LINE400 place in Fig. 1 that in embodiment, first arrival chromatography is set up.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view at 3D first arrival radiographic density data LINE400 place in Fig. 1 of first arrival chromatography in embodiment.
Fig. 4 applies the static correction replacement velocity planimetric map (part) that the inventive method obtains in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the stacked section of applying the static correction value of conventional static correction computing method calculating in embodiment.
Fig. 6 has applied the stacked section that static correction replacement velocity definite the inventive method is applied to the static correction value of static correction static correction technology calculating in embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the step block diagram that the present invention determines the method for static correction static correction replacement velocity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
The invention belongs to the technical fields such as seismic prospecting data data processing, relate in particular to the method for extracting the static correction replacement velocity in static correction static correction technology from first arrival tomographic results.The widest take current application, complicated terrain area to be had to very strong adaptive faculty first arrival chromatography static correction technology is basis, the near-surface velocity model data of setting up from first arrival chromatography and radiographic density data, extract quickly and accurately static correction replacement velocity, improve complicated terrain area static application efficiency and effect.Utilizing first arrival chromatographic technique to set up near-surface velocity model, when the complicacy of near surface condition requires to adopt static correction static correction technology, the present invention has obvious advantage.
The ultimate principle of the inventive method is as follows:
First arrival chromatography near surface modeling technique, according to first break information inverting near-surface velocity model, calculates for static correction value.First arrival chromatography, except setting up near-surface velocity model, can also obtain the radiographic density corresponding with near-surface velocity model (also claiming illuminance) data.
The least time principle of Fermat points out, ripple is minimum along the hourage of ray propagates with along other propagated time by comparison.Be the propagated of seismic event along whilst on tour minimum, ray tends to by high speed medium.
So, in the radiographic density data that obtain at first arrival chromatography, radiographic density is relatively high and laterally have between interface, certain successional position and high-velocity bed top and have the higher degree of association.Under the guiding of radiographic density data, extracting high-velocity bed velocity amplitude, obtain more quickly and accurately static correction replacement velocity parameter, is key problem in technology of the present invention.
The implementation procedure of the inventive method is as follows:
The near-surface velocity model obtaining take the near-surface velocity modeling technique of first arrival chromatography or slowness model and radiographic density data volume as basis (below take near-surface velocity model as example explanation, slowness model is identical with rate pattern in essence, because slowness is the inverse of speed).Near-surface velocity model data and radiographic density data are the 3D data volumes (may only have a unit in 2D data X or Y-direction) on (X, Y, Z) space, establish data volume and are respectively N in the unit number of X, Y, Z direction x, N y, N z, speed and radiographic density are expressed as V i, j, k, D i, j, k, wherein i=0,1 ..., N x-1, j=0,1 ..., N y-1, k=0,1 ..., N z-1.
As shown in Figure 7, the implementation procedure of the inventive method mainly comprises following 6 steps, but is not limited to must experience or only experience all these steps.
(1) input: the near-surface velocity model data of first arrival chromatography and radiographic density data;
(2) browse radiographic density data:
Show separately, browse radiographic density data or demonstration, browse radiographic density data and near-surface velocity model data, form the basic understanding that radiographic density corresponding to work area high-velocity bed speed and interface, high-velocity bed top distributed.Demonstration can be the modes such as XOZ section, YOZ section, XOY (dropping cut slice) or 3d space.This step is only the understanding to high-velocity bed speed and radiographic density distribution, determines accordingly whether be necessary execution step (3), instructs the interface, high-velocity bed top of (4) step subsequently to pick up simultaneously.
(3) pre-service to radiographic density data:
This step is optional, its objective is the automatic Picking of being convenient in step (4), if adopt automatically and combine alternately or interactive mode is picked up or work area recording geometry comparison rule, not this step.
Radiographic density data are carried out to the equilibrium treatment of certain form, object is the radiographic density equiblibrium mass distribution in the plane that makes interface, corresponding high-velocity bed top, is convenient to the automatic Picking described in (4) step.When the mutual pickup technology described in the shot point more uniform work area of distribution or more dependences (4) step, can to radiographic density data, not carry out pre-service.
Provide a kind of implementation of radiographic density data balancing processing below.The first, in calculating radiographic density data volume, the reference radiographic density of all vertical row, establishes with reference to the result of calculation of radiographic density and is expressed as R i, j, wherein i=0,1 ..., N x-1, j=0,1 ..., N y-1.With reference to radiographic density, can be the radiographic density summation within the scope of given depth in vertical row, can be also the maximal value of extracting after the radiographic density within the scope of a vertical row given depth is level and smooth by given smooth length.The methods such as arithmetic mean, weighted mean, intermediate value, mode, filtering are all smoothing methods.Second, to obtained in the previous step, with reference to radiographic density data, carry out level and smooth in plane, calculate with coordinate points (i, j) weighted mean value or intermediate value or the mode etc. of the reference radiographic density of all vertical row in the center of vertically classifying as given range, draw coordinate points (i, what j) be vertically listed as is new for radiographic density, establishes and is still expressed as R i, j.The 3rd, calculate the new of each vertical row demarcated to set-point such as 100 ratio, r with reference to radiographic density i, j=100/R i, j.The 4th, the radiographic density of the vertical row of coordinate points (i, j) in radiographic density data volume is multiplied by r i, j, i.e. D i, j, k*r i, j, wherein i=0,1 ..., N x-1, j=0,1 ..., N y-1, k=0,1 ..., N z-1.Obtain the radiographic density data volume after equilibrium.
(4) pick up high-velocity bed top interface location:
Have 3 kinds of modes, comprise automatic Picking, pick up alternately, automatically with picking up of combining alternately.
Automatic Picking, refers under certain principle control, and automatic decision is when the radiographic density data in a certain spatial dimension reach a certain given standard, and certain in this spatial dimension a bit can be considered to high speed top interface location.The most simply realizing example is, in radiographic density data volume, in vertical row, from the shallow unit that meets or exceeds given threshold value to first radiographic density value deeply finding, be considered to this vertically unit at the place, interface, high speed top at row coordinate place, place (X, Y).If from shallow to deeply can not find satisfactory unit, do not pick up this interface, high speed top that vertically row places (X, Y) are located in vertical row.
Pick up alternately, refer to showing separately radiographic density data or combining on the demonstration figure that shows near-surface velocity data, pick up alternately high speed top interface location.Only pick up artificial judgment and think rational part.
Automatically with picking up of combining alternately, refer on the basis of automatic Picking, adopt interactive mode to edit, delete the unreasonable part of automatic Picking, increase is picked up artificial judgment and is thought rational part.
The result of picking up of high-velocity bed top interface location is expressed as 2D function in XOY plane (such as being expressed as T i, j, i=0,1 ..., Nx-1, j=0,1 ..., N y-1).Functional value is the amount that represents to push up at a high speed position, interface, and the unit number pushing up on the depth direction of place, interface is at a high speed the simplest expression way of one of this amount.For the coordinate points (i, j) of not picking up top interface location, functional value is set to the value of a representative " not picking up " (such as T i, j=-1).
(5) extract high-velocity bed speed:
According to the high-velocity bed top interface location picking up, from speed model data, extract high-velocity bed initial velocity value.A kind of simple implementation is that the unit number that pushes up place, interface depth direction with high-velocity bed is such as K zcentered by, get [K z+ n 1, K z+ n 2] interval in certain statistics (as arithmetic mean, weighted mean, intermediate value, mode etc.) of velocity amplitude as the initial velocity value of extracting, n wherein 1with n 2it is integer.
The extraction result of high-velocity bed initial velocity value is expressed as 2D function in XOY plane (such as being expressed as U i, j, i=0,1 ..., Nx-1, j=0,1 ..., N y-1), functional value is the amount (speed or slowness) that can represent high-velocity bed speed.For the coordinate points (i, j) of not picking up high-velocity bed initial velocity value, functional value is set to a value that can represent " not picking up " (such as U i, j=-1).
(6) high-velocity bed initial velocity editor
The high-velocity bed initial velocity extracting is edited, and object is reject and revise those obvious abnormal speed points.Rejecting refers to that deleting those obvious abnormity point makes the functional value of this point represent not pickup point.Modification refers to by the original exceptional value of rational value replacement, such as determining a more reasonably value according to abnormity point value around.High-velocity bed initial velocity editor's specific implementation example is as follows: numerical range is as minimum, maximum speed value restriction, and the value that functional value exceeds the point of this scope is configured to represent the not value of pickup point; Difference limit is configured to represent the not value of pickup point while exceeding given range as the difference between certain any value and level and smooth or trend surface that matching obtains; At the enterprising edlin of initial velocity figure independent or that show in conjunction with near-surface velocity data.
(7) to process the variation tendency of acquisition speed through the high-velocity bed initial velocity after step (6) editor:
The specific implementation of this step can have various, and, matching level and smooth such as adopting, interpositioning can be realized, as long as parameter is chosen proper.Provide a kind of implementation below, the invention is not restricted to this implementation.
This implementation comprises and comprises the step such as level and smooth after level and smooth before interpolation, interpolation, interpolation, specific as follows:
(A1) level and smooth before interpolation: if described high-velocity bed initial velocity contains not pickup point, (when (4) step is picked up high-velocity bed top interface location, not pick up all points, and only pick up those reliable points.(5) step also may be rejected some points that originally picked up.All these reasons cause part point to become not pickup point), high-velocity bed initial velocity is carried out to smoothing processing, obtain the variation tendency of speed;
Not the level and smooth result of pickup point can be still pickup point not.Before interpolation, level and smooth method can adopt the one in the methods such as arithmetic mean, weighted mean, intermediate value, mode, filtering.
(A2) interpolation: if described high-velocity bed initial velocity contains not pickup point, utilize the speed data of pickup point, calculate the not velocity amplitude of pickup point, thereby construct high-velocity bed velocity function complete in XOY plane;
(A3) level and smooth after interpolation: the smoothing processing of in the situation that through step (A1) and (A2) high-velocity bed initial velocity after treatment does not contain pickup point not, velocity function being carried out, acquisition static correction replacement velocity.
As the case may be, after level and smooth and interpolation, smoothly number of times can be more than once before interpolation, or can save a step wherein.If there is no pickup point not, can save this step of interpolation.Before interpolation and interpolation, smoothly also may be incorporated in a step carries out.
Velocity function after level and smooth and interpolation, has formed the static correction replacement velocity parameter of calculating for static correction static correction.
Step (6) is often used but is not to have.If there is not abnormal value in the high-velocity bed speed of picking up, even or have the point of a small amount of exceptional value, also can be inhibited by step (7).The use of step (6) can improve the precision of result.
(8) reference field replacement velocity in the middle of output.
In near surface high-velocity bed speed and the larger area of elevation horizontal change, interface, high-velocity bed top, as complicated near surface condition areas such as the mountain front of western part of China and southern mountain districts, should adopt the static correction static correction technology that becomes replacement velocity, just can reach higher static correction precision, static correction replacement velocity is an important parameter in static correction static correction technology.
Utilizing first arrival chromatographic technique to set up near-surface velocity model, when the complicacy of near surface condition requires to adopt static correction static correction technology, advantage of the present invention will be embodied fully.The inventive method is tested in seismic data processing practically at 2D and the 3D of the complex areas such as southern mountain, western mountain front, obtained desirable effect.The work areas such as southern mountain Ru Nanjiang, Zhenba, western mountain front is as work areas such as Southern Tianshans, and topographic relief is large, and near surface high-velocity bed speed horizontal change is larger, and conventional static correction computing technique has some limitations when solving these regional static correction problems.Adopt the inventive method to determine the replacement velocity of static correction, application static correction static correction technology deriving static correction values, results of real data is obviously better than conventional static correction computing technique.
One embodiment of the present of invention are as follows:
Southern mountain 3D work area, Fig. 1 is the part of work area landform altitude figure, and topographic relief is larger, and within the scope of diagram, the discrepancy in elevation reaches 700m.Fig. 2 is the sectional view at 3D near-surface velocity model LINE400 place in Fig. 1 of first arrival chromatography foundation, and Fig. 3 is the first arrival chromatography radiographic density data sectional view of same position.There is very strong corresponding relation on radiographic density larger part and high-velocity bed top between interface, and high-velocity bed speed transversely has a greater change, especially the high-velocity bed speed between CDP coordinate 900 to 1000 apparently higher than around.For the situation in this work area, adopt following steps to obtain static correction replacement velocity.
(1) browse radiographic density data
Show radiographic density data and near-surface velocity model data, understand the distribution of work area high-velocity bed speed and radiographic density.Because whole work area recording geometry is relatively stable, shot point distributes more even, and radiographic density data distribute more balanced in the plane of whole work area.High-velocity bed speed has a greater change in whole work area, roughly at 4000m/s between 4800m/s.
(2) pick up high-velocity bed top interface location
According to the radiographic density data of first arrival chromatography, adopt automatic mode to pick up interface, high-velocity bed top.In radiographic density data volume, one vertically meets or exceeds 350 unit from shallow to first radiographic density value deeply finding in row, is considered to this vertically unit at the place, interface, high speed top at row coordinate place, place (X, Y).If one is vertically more than or equal to 350 unit from shallow to deeply can not find radiographic density value in row, do not pick up this vertically interface, high speed top at row coordinate place, place (X, Y).
(3) extract high-velocity bed initial velocity
According to the high-velocity bed top interface location picking up, from speed model data, extract high-velocity bed initial velocity value.Unit, interface location place, high speed top that vertically row pick up and the mean value of following 2 unit speeds, as this vertical high-velocity bed initial velocity value at row coordinate place, place (X, Y).High-velocity bed initial velocity value is not picked up at (X, Y) coordinate place of not picking up high-velocity bed top interface location yet.
(4) high-velocity bed initial velocity editor
The high-velocity bed initial velocity value of picking up is edited, adopt the mode of numerical range restriction, reject the pickup point that velocity amplitude is less than 3800m/s or is greater than 5000m/s.
(5) the level and smooth and interpolation of high-velocity bed initial velocity
First be that interpolation is front level and smooth, centered by output point, calculate the arithmetic mean that edge receives 4000m in line direction, vertically receives the interior all pickup points of 2000m rectangular extent in line direction, as the level and smooth result of output point.Having picked up the unit of initial value has value after level and smooth, do not pick up the unit of initial value level and smooth after void value still.The 2nd step is interpolation, adopts 2D square distance inverse ratio method interpositioning, calculates the speed that there is no pickup point.The 3rd step is level and smooth after interpolation, centered by output point, calculate along receive 2000m in line direction, vertically receive in line direction in 1000m rectangular extent arithmetic mean a little, as the level and smooth result of output point.
Through above 5 steps, obtain static correction replacement velocity data as shown in Figure 4, it is the 2D function in XOY plane.With static correction static correction technology deriving static correction values, be applied to real data stacked section quality be improved significantly.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are 2 kinds of static correction stacked section contrasts at LINE400 place in Fig. 1.Wherein Fig. 5 has applied the static correction value that conventional static correction method is calculated, and Fig. 6 is that the static correction replacement velocity of having applied in Fig. 4 that the inventive method is obtained is applied to the static correction value that static correction static correction technology is calculated.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 have adopted identical near-surface velocity model, have peeled off parameter when deriving static correction values, final datum elevation and replacement velocity.Comparison diagram 5 and Fig. 6 can find out, cannot imaging or the not good region of imaging effect in Fig. 5, in Fig. 6, all obtained obvious improvement, in static correction replacement velocity and landform, change large region simultaneously, stacked section to improve effect more obvious.The inventive method has been determined static correction replacement velocity rapidly and accurately.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, the invention discloses on the basis of application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and be not limited only to the described method of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.

Claims (6)

1. a method for definite static correction static correction replacement velocity, is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
S1, near-surface velocity model data and the radiographic density data of input first arrival chromatography;
S3, according to described radiographic density data or described radiographic density data are combined with near-surface velocity data, picks up high-velocity bed top interface location;
S4, the high-velocity bed top interface location picking up according to step S3 extracts high-velocity bed initial velocity from speed model data;
S6, processes the variation tendency of acquisition speed to described high-velocity bed initial velocity, form complete static correction replacement velocity in xoy plane.
2. the method for definite static correction static correction replacement velocity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between described step S1 and step S3, further comprise step S2: described radiographic density data are carried out to pre-service, balanced in the plane radiographic density distributes, to facilitate the automatic Picking at interface, high-velocity bed top.
3. the method for definite static correction static correction replacement velocity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between described step S4 and step S6, further comprise step S5: the high-velocity bed initial velocity that step S4 is extracted is edited, reject and revise obviously abnormal velocity amplitude.
4. the method for definite static correction static correction replacement velocity according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after described step S6, further comprise step S7: the static correction replacement velocity that output step S6 obtains.
5. according to the method for the arbitrary described definite static correction static correction replacement velocity of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: described in described step S3, picking up high-velocity bed top interface location is adopt automated manner, interactive mode or automatically pick up with the mode combining alternately.
6. according to the method for the arbitrary described definite static correction static correction replacement velocity of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: in step S6, if described high-velocity bed initial velocity contains not pickup point, adopt the mode of interpolation to obtain the not velocity amplitude of pickup point, finally form static correction replacement velocity complete in xoy plane.
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CN109581493A (en) * 2018-10-22 2019-04-05 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 A kind of construction method and system of near surface chromatography model
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CN112764107A (en) * 2019-11-04 2021-05-07 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Seismic data static correction method and device for high-speed ground surface coverage area
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