CN103728623B - 一种计算江河鱼群密度的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种计算江河鱼群密度的方法。所述方法按下列步骤进行:1、前期数据采集;2、计算平均目标强度;3、鱼群个体密度Dt和全体补偿密度dc的计算;4、鱼群密度D计算;本发明基于水声学技术原理,通过计算个体密度,可以表征调查区域较分散鱼类个体的密集度,再以该区域的群体补偿密度进行增值,使得江河环境的鱼类个体和群体分布差异性得以定量表现,从而为江河环境复杂的鱼类分散及聚群的分布特征提供可靠有效的密度计算方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到水产资源与保护学领域,特别涉及到一种计算江河鱼群密度的方法。
背景技术
目前,江河中鱼类密度估算主要有抽样捕捞、标记重捕、卵和仔鱼调查、水声学探测等方法。其中抽样捕捞、标记重捕、卵和仔鱼调查受主观因素影响较大,导致准确性降低,另外不放回抽样也会影响甚至破坏鱼类及其他水生生物的资源密度,尤其是对一些珍贵的濒危物种,更不利于生态保护。而水声学技术不同于传统的渔业资源评估技术,它是结合计算机技术和物理声学技术等多种先进技术于一身的一种极具潜力的声呐探测技术,具有实时、快速、环保无公害等优势,虽然水声学探测的评估准确性可能受到鱼类回避行为的影响而降低,但是相对于传统的渔获物统计鱼类资源的方法,具有更大的优势。它利用了声波反射原理,由声波探测器发射声波,当声波在水中传播时遇到目标(如鱼类、石头等),会产生回波信号,回波信号在接收换能器转换成相应的电信号,信号处理后送到目标鉴别器(基于预定义的原则做出目标有无的判断),并在作出判断后,显示出目标的距离、定位、速度和物理性质,最后在显示器上显示判定结果。目前利用水声学技术对鱼群密度估算的方法主要有4种,Sv/TS积分法、回波计数法、轨迹计数法、单波束法。其中,积分法指单位区域内某种或某个鱼群的回波强度的总积分值除以单个个体的目标强度(TS)所获得的比值,从而得出鱼类个体数,但是由于鱼类的背向散射截面及目标强度受鱼类个体规格、形状、姿态倾角、鱼鳔有无等影响,在集中度不高甚至少有鱼类个体的水域,往往会得到意想不到的低密度值,甚至接近0密度,因此仅适用于高密集度(不可区分个体)的鱼类密度计算;回波计数法是指单位探测体积中获得的鱼类目标个体数量,适用于低密集度(可区分个体)的鱼类密度计算;轨迹计数法是指单位航行探测体积的鱼类目标个体数量,由于GPS数据的整合,能够获得航迹线上较精确的密度估算情况,但要求航速不能过高,因此仅适用于低航速调查并保证获得全部目标的情况;单波束法使用单波束探测仪,不能精确判断鱼类密度,更适用于捕捞鱼群的探测。但是由于江河(如长江干支流等)特殊的地理环境以及复杂多变的流场,这四种方法都不能很好地适应江河中远探测距离的鱼类密度计算,因此需要一种针对江河的准确的鱼类密度计算方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种适用于江河环境复杂,且基于水声学技术的计算江河鱼群密度的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种计算江河鱼群密度的方法,其特征在于:所述方法按下列步骤进行:
(1)采用渔业声学设备对目标江段进行实地调查,进行前期数据采集,所采集的数据为:总目标个数N,每个目标的目标强度值TS,平均声量反向散射强度,单回波波束体积VSED;
(2)平均目标强度的计算:
将所有目标的TS进行加和后除以总目标个数,公式为:
;其中为平均目标强度,N为总目标个数,TS为每个目标的目标强度值,i=1,2,3,···,N;
(3)个体密度Dt和群体补偿密度dc的计算:
个体密度Dt的计算公式为:
;式中Dt为个体密度,VSED为单回波波束体积,N为总目标个数;
群体补偿密度dc计算公式为:
;式中dc为全体补偿密度;平均声量反向散射强度,为平均目标强度,VSED为单回波波束体积,N为总目标个数;
(4)江河鱼群密度D的计算:
江河鱼群密度D的计算公式为:
;式中Dt为个体密度,dc为全体补偿密度。
本发明的积极效果为:
本发明基于水声学技术原理,通过计算个体密度,可以表征调查区域较分散鱼类个体的密集度,再以该区域的群体补偿密度进行增值,使得江河环境的鱼类个体和群体分布差异性得以定量表现,从而为江河环境复杂的鱼类分散及聚群的分布特征提供可靠有效的密度计算方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
以随机选取长江干流2个区域,A段宜都至枝江段,B段监利至三洲段为例。
1、前期数据采集
以选定的A段宜都至枝江段,B段监利至三洲段,先后安装好EY60型分裂波来回声探测仪,同时采用60CSX型号的GPS进行导航,采用ER60软件对声学数据和GPS数据同步储存。
在A区和B区分别进行声学探测后,利用声学分析软件获得总目标个数为总目标个数NA=13,NB=49,每个目标的目标强度值TSiA,TSiB,平均声量反向散射强度 A=-69.52dB, B=-75.04dB,单回波波束体积VSEDA=0.88×103m3,VSEDB=1.32×103m3;
2、计算平均目标强度:
=-60.55dB
=-56.58dB
3、鱼群个体密度Dt和全体补偿密度dc的计算
根据公式计算出A区和B区鱼群的个体密度如下:
=14.82f/1000m3
=37.12f/1000m3
根据公式计算出A区和B区鱼群群体补偿密度dc:
=2.20f/1000m3
=12.11f/1000m3
4、鱼群密度D计算;
根据公式计算出A区和B区鱼群密度D:
=17.02f/1000m3
=49.23f/1000m3
根据以上方法计算的结果,DA<DB,判断A区为相对分散区,B区为相对聚群区。
进一步将案例中的数据按照普通水声密度计算方法计算,得到结果如表1。
从表1中可以看出,Sv/TS积分法由于其不适合江河复杂环境,误判A区为聚群区,B为分散区;回波计数法较适合江河复杂环境,但计算结果偏低49%-52%;轨迹计数法也显然不适合江河的流场环境,结果偏低89%-90%。
以上所述仅是本发明的非限定实施方式,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思和不作出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种计算江河鱼群密度的方法,其特征在于:所述方法按下列步骤进行:
(1)采用渔业声学设备对目标江段进行实地调查,进行前期数据采集,所采集的数据为:总目标个数N,每个目标的目标强度值TS,平均声量反向散射强度,单回波波束体积VSED;
(2)平均目标强度的计算:
将所有目标的TS进行加和后除以总目标个数,公式为:
;其中为平均目标强度,N为总目标个数,TS为每个目标的目标强度值,i=1,2,3,···,N;
(3)个体密度Dt和群体补偿密度dc的计算:
个体密度Dt的计算公式为:
;式中Dt为个体密度,VSED为单回波波束体积,N为总目标个数;
群体补偿密度dc计算公式为:
;式中dc为全体补偿密度;平均声量反向散射强度,为平均目标强度,VSED为单回波波束体积,N为总目标个数;
(4)江河鱼群密度D的计算:
江河鱼群密度D的计算公式为:
;式中Dt为个体密度,dc为全体补偿密度。
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