CN103725950A - Process for producing low-chromium complex alloy grinding ball - Google Patents
Process for producing low-chromium complex alloy grinding ball Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a process for producing a low-chromium complex alloy grinding ball. The process comprises the steps of melting, pouring, casting a metal mold and tempering, chemical components of the low-chromium complex alloy grinding ball are reasonably designed, and metal mold casting and tempering are carried out, so that the internal and external quality of the grinding ball can be improved, the product does not have the casting defects, such as sinkholes, pores, looseness and the like, the broken rate and no circularity of the grinding ball can be reduced, the fatigue impact resistance and wear resistance of the grinding ball can be improved, the product yield can be remarkably improved, the production process can be simplified, and the production cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-abrasive material technical field, is a kind of Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball production technique specifically.
Background technology
The Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball of producing at present, external second-rate in it, ubiquity shrinkage cavity, pore, the casting flaw such as loose, percentage of damage and to lose circle rate higher, antifatigue impact capacity and wearing no resistance, and also product recovery rate is lower, complex manufacturing, production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that external quality in a kind of product is good, the Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball production technique of good mechanical property.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball production technique, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, melting:
Selection raw material is the pig iron, steel scrap, copper, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrotianium and rare earth ferrosilicon, the granularity of ferrotianium is 8～10mm, and the granularity of rare earth ferrosilicon is less than or equal to 10mm, and after the proportioning of raw material should make the stove of molten iron, component content is controlled at following scope: C:2.2～3.2wt%, Si:0.5～1.5wt%, Mn:0.5～1.5wt%, Cr:1～3wt%, Mo:0.2～0.4wt%, Cu:0.2～0.6wt%, Ti:0.1～0.2wt%, P :≤0.1wt%, S :≤0.1wt%;
Employing medium-frequency induction furnace is melting equipment, furnace lining is neutral lining, adopt non-oxidizing process melting, melting period is used peak power power transmission, with platinum Pt Rh fast thermocouple, measure molten iron temperature, concrete fusion process is: first by the pig iron, steel scrap, copper and molybdenum-iron drop in medium-frequency induction furnace, when melting 70%～80%, add again ferrochrome, after melting clearly, add ferromanganese, add subsequently slag making materials to cover molten steel slag making, slag making materials add-on is the 1wt% of molten steel, after skimming, insert aluminium deoxidation, inserting aluminium amount adds by molten steel 1Kg per ton, after deoxidation, in stove, add ferrotianium, turndown tapping during molten steel to 1450～1500 ℃,
Step 2, cast: the molten steel that step 1 is obtained is poured in hand ladle, pour rare earth ferrosilicon simultaneously and in hand ladle, make its fusing;
Step 3, permanent mold casting: dead head and cross gate in metal mold adopt tidal stencils sand or self-hardening water glass quartz sand hanging sand outward, with cutting torch, acetylene-oxygen is adjusted to incomplete combustion is smoked on metal mold die cavity or with high alumina alcohol paint or the full metal mold die cavity of cruel U.S. powder coating brush, metal mold is carried out to preheating simultaneously, preheating temperature is 120～180 ℃, then pouring molten steel step 2 being obtained is in metal mold, control teeming temperature is 1380-1400 ℃, when cast ball is cooled to 500-600 ℃ in metal mold, can unpack;
Step 4, tempering: adopt well formula tempering stove or pallet car type chamber type annealing stove to carry out tempering, adopt basket-hanging to pack in stove cast ball, keep in stove the circulation of hot gas flow smooth and easy simultaneously, be incubated 6 hours after cast ball is warming up to 500-600 ℃ with stove, then stove is chilled to 300 ℃ of following air coolings.
Wherein, it is GB/T718-2005 foundry pig iron or the vanadium titanium iron of Z14 that the described pig iron is selected the trade mark, described steel scrap is selected clean steel scrap, described copper is selected the red copper containing 99.9wt%Cu, described molybdenum-iron is selected GB/T3649-2008 molybdenum-iron, it is the GB/T5683-2008 ferrochrome of FeCr600 or FeCr1000 that described ferrochrome is selected the trade mark, described ferromanganese is selected GB/T3795-2006 ferromanganese, described ferrotianium is selected GB/T3282-2012 ferrotianium, it is FeSiRE21 that described rare earth ferrosilicon is selected the trade mark, FeSiRE24, the GB/T4173-2004 rare earth ferrosilicon alloy of FeSiRE27 or FeSiRE230.
Wherein, by lime powder and Fluorspar Powder, the mass ratio according to 2: 1 mixes described slag making materials.
Wherein, between step 3 and step 4, also comprise polishing cleanup step, described polishing cleanup step, for cleaning that the cast ball of unpacking after taking out is polished, is worn into the smooth boss higher than sphere 0.5～1mm at the ingate place of cast ball during cleaning.
The present invention compared with prior art, there is following beneficial effect: the interior external quality that has improved cast ball, product is without shrinkage cavity, pore-free, without the casting flaw such as loose, reduce the percentage of damage of cast ball and lost circle rate, antifatigue impact capacity and the wear resistance of cast ball have been improved, but also improved significantly product recovery rate, simplified production technique, reduced production costs.
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural attitude in detail, being realized object and effect, below in conjunction with embodiment, be explained in detail.
1, the control of chemical composition
The chemical composition of the cast ball that technique of the present invention makes, as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
2, starting material
Steel scrap: require clean steel scrap
The pig iron: use GB/T718-2005 foundry pig iron, the trade mark is Z14, also can select vanadium titanium iron.
Carbon ferrochrome: use GB/T5683-2008 ferrochrome, the trade mark is FeCr600 or FeCr1000.
Molybdenum-iron: GB/T3649-2008 selects.
Rare earth ferrosilicon: use GB/T4173-2004 rare earth ferrosilicon alloy, the trade mark be one of following four kinds all can, FeSiRE21, FeSiRE24, FeSiRE27, FeSiRE230.
Ferrosilicon: press GB/T2272-2009 standby.
Ferromanganese: press GB/T3795-2006 standby.
Vanadium iron: as without vanadium titanium iron, select by GB/T4139-2012.
Ferrotianium: as without vanadium titanium iron, select by GB/T3282-2012.
Copper: red copper, containing 99.9%Cu.
3, melting technology is controlled
Equipment is medium-frequency induction furnace.Cast equipment is hand ladle.With platinum Pt Rh fast thermocouple, measure molten iron temperature, furnace lining is neutral lining, adopts non-oxidizing process melting.The chemical composition of cast ball is by the chemical composition of furnace charge and the specific absorption of various alloys, to carry out charge calculation to control.Metal charge must not have serious corrosion and inclusion.Various metal charges and alloy will have detailed classification chemical composition.Variously enter stove alloy except with expecting stove, all need before use baking.The pig iron, steel scrap, copper, molybdenum-iron add with stove by calculating simultaneously.Melting period is used peak power power transmission.When metal charge fusing 70%-80%, add ferrochrome, moltenly add ferromanganese after clear, add subsequently slag making materials (lime powder: Fluorspar Powder=2:1) cover molten steel slag making.Slag making materials add-on is 1% of molten steel.After skimming, insert aluminium deoxidation, insert aluminium amount and add by molten steel 1Kg per ton.After deoxidation, in stove, add ferrotianium, the granularity of ferrotianium is 8-10mm.Molten steel is tapped to 1450-1500 ℃ of turndown.When molten steel is poured in bag, rare earth ferrosilicon is poured in ladle by 0.7% of molten steel amount, make its fusing.Rare earth ferrosilicon alloy requires be crushed to≤10mm.
The element of various alloys specific absorption of melting in induction furnace sees the following form 2:
Table 2
The specific absorption of element is relevant with furnace lining material, also relevant with smelting temperature and alloy joining day.Melting in acid lining, silicone content, sometimes not only without scaling loss, increase on the contrary to some extent.
4, casting technique is controlled
4.1, the formula of hanging sand:
The linear shrinkage ratio of Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball calculates by 1.5%.
With die cast, in dead head and the cross gate external demand hanging sand of metal pattern.Common adoptable tidal stencils sand (damp sand) hanging sand, also can adopt water glass quartz sand, with the certainly hard hanging sand of carbon dioxide.Self-hardening water glass quartz sand formula is as shown in table 3 below:
Table 3
4.2, metal mold stenciling coating method:
4.2.1 with cutting torch, acetylene-oxygen is adjusted to incomplete combustion and smokes on metal mold die cavity, fill soot.
4.2.2 with the full die cavity of high alumina alcohol paint brush.
4.2.3 with the full die cavity of cruel U.S. powder coating brush.
Above-mentioned three kinds of methods are easier with the first, can also to metal mold, carry out preheating simultaneously, and metal mold needs to carry out preheating before cast, and preheating temperature is 120-180 ℃.
4.3, the moulding process flow process of permanent mold casting is as follows:
1, metal mo(u)ld bottom half---osculant hanging sand---lower impressions spray material; Metal mo(u)ld top half---osculant hanging sand---upper impression spray material;
2, by the metal mold preheating after spray material, then go up mo(u)ld bottom half mould assembling, put cast gate bowl.
4.4, the teeming temperature of cast ball: 1380-1400 ℃.
After teeming temperature and cast ball casting, hardness relation is as shown in table 4 below:
Table 4
| Teeming temperature (℃) | 1340 | 1360 | 1380 | 1460 |
| Casting hardness (HRC) | 51 | 58 | 62.5 | 61.5 |
4.5, Shake-out Time:
After metal mold Shake-out Time and cast ball casting, the relation of hardness is as shown in table 5 below:
Table 5
| Shake-out Time (dividing) | 7 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 |
| Casting hardness (HRC) | 49 | 58 | 63.3 | 63 | 62 | 61 |
Conventionally Shake-out Time is between 20-50 minute.This cooling temperature in metal pattern of cast ball is 500-600 ℃ and can be unpacked, longer unaffected, the ball of each specification because of teeming temperature and air themperature different.
After cast ball is unpacked and is taken out, tempering not in time, the cleaning of polishing.During cleaning, at the ingate place of ball, wear into the smooth boss higher than sphere 0.5-1mm.
5, thermal treatment process
Metal casting ball, does not adopt quenching heat treatment technique, only carries out tempering heat treatment.
5.1, equipment: well formula tempering stove or pallet car type chamber type annealing stove.
5.2, shove charge method: cast ball adopts basket-hanging to pack in stove will consider that the circulation of hot gas flow in stove is smooth and easy simultaneously.
5.3, tempering process: cast ball is warming up to 500-600 ℃ of insulation 6 hours with stove, and stove is chilled to 300 ℃ of following air coolings.
6, product quality in kind
6.1, product performance index
The cast ball performance index that adopt this Technology to produce are as shown in table 6 below:
Table 6
6.2, cast ball section hardness (Φ 60) is as shown in table 7 below:
Table 7
6.3, ball falling impact fatigue lifetime (number of times) >=20000
6.4, metallographic structure
Cast ball interior tissue is tested, and metallographic structure is sorbite+proeutectoid carbide+eutectic carbides.
7, result of use sees the following form 8:
Table 8
7.1, in the service condition of cement mill grinding machine
Adopt this technology to produce Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball average specific normal carbon steel ball wear resisting property and improve 5 times.
7.2, in the service condition of iron ore grinding
Use 1900 grams of normal carbon steel ball grinding iron ore consumption per ton abrading-balls, adopt this technology to produce 700 grams of Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball grinding iron ore consumption per ton abrading-balls.
7.3, in the service condition of Copper Ores grinding
Use 1600 grams of normal carbon steel ball grinding Copper Ores consumption per ton abrading-balls, adopt this technology to produce 600 grams of Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball grinding Copper Ores consumption per ton abrading-balls.
7.4, in the service condition of Gold Ore grinding
Use 2500 grams of normal carbon steel ball grinding Gold Ore consumption per ton abrading-balls, adopt this technology to produce 1000 grams of Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball grinding Gold Ore consumption per ton abrading-balls.
In market is used, abrading-ball percentage of damage is all less than 0.1%, and abrading-ball, without shrinkage cavity, pore-free, without the casting flaw such as loose, does not lose circle in use.
8, conclusion
8.1, adopt this explained hereafter Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball chemical composition design reasonable, through permanent mold casting and temper, without shrinkage cavity, pore-free, without the casting flaw such as loose.Through alterant, process, carbide morphology improves, grain refining, dense structure.
8.2, adopt this explained hereafter Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball wear resistance good, percentage of damage is low, in Cement industry, uses than normal carbon steel ball wear resisting property and improves 5 times.
8.3, adopt this explained hereafter Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball can be widely used in the grindings such as cement, iron ore, copper mine, gold mine, production cost is low, production technique simple production producer and with obtaining good economic benefit per family, is a kind of novel metal high-abrasive material that has broad development future.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball production technique, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, melting:
Selection raw material is the pig iron, steel scrap, copper, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrotianium and rare earth ferrosilicon, the granularity of ferrotianium is 8～10mm, and the granularity of rare earth ferrosilicon is less than or equal to 10mm, and after the proportioning of raw material should make the stove of molten iron, component content is controlled at following scope: C:2.2～3.2wt%, Si:0.5～1.5wt%, Mn:0.5～1.5wt%, Cr:1～3wt%, Mo:0.2～0.4wt%, Cu:0.2～0.6wt%, Ti:0.1～0.2wt%, P :≤0.1wt%, S :≤0.1wt%;
Employing medium-frequency induction furnace is melting equipment, furnace lining is neutral lining, adopt non-oxidizing process melting, melting period is used peak power power transmission, with platinum Pt Rh fast thermocouple, measure molten iron temperature, concrete fusion process is: first by the pig iron, steel scrap, copper and molybdenum-iron drop in medium-frequency induction furnace, when melting 70%～80%, add again ferrochrome, after melting clearly, add ferromanganese, add subsequently slag making materials to cover molten steel slag making, slag making materials add-on is the 1wt% of molten steel, after skimming, insert aluminium deoxidation, inserting aluminium amount adds by molten steel 1Kg per ton, after deoxidation, in stove, add ferrotianium, turndown tapping during molten steel to 1450～1500 ℃,
Step 2, cast: the molten steel that step 1 is obtained is poured in hand ladle, pour rare earth ferrosilicon simultaneously and in hand ladle, make its fusing;
Step 3, permanent mold casting: dead head and cross gate in metal mold adopt tidal stencils sand or self-hardening water glass quartz sand hanging sand outward, with cutting torch, acetylene-oxygen is adjusted to incomplete combustion is smoked on metal mold die cavity or with high alumina alcohol paint or the full metal mold die cavity of cruel U.S. powder coating brush, metal mold is carried out to preheating simultaneously, preheating temperature is 120～180 ℃, then pouring molten steel step 2 being obtained is in metal mold, control teeming temperature is 1380-1400 ℃, when cast ball is cooled to 500-600 ℃ in metal mold, can unpack;
Step 4, tempering: adopt well formula tempering stove or pallet car type chamber type annealing stove to carry out tempering, adopt basket-hanging to pack in stove cast ball, keep in stove the circulation of hot gas flow smooth and easy simultaneously, be incubated 6 hours after cast ball is warming up to 500-600 ℃ with stove, then stove is chilled to 300 ℃ of following air coolings.
2. Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball production technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is GB/T718-2005 foundry pig iron or the vanadium titanium iron of Z14 that the described pig iron is selected the trade mark, described steel scrap is selected clean steel scrap, described copper is selected the red copper containing 99.9wt%Cu, described molybdenum-iron is selected GB/T3649-2008 molybdenum-iron, it is the GB/T5683-2008 ferrochrome of FeCr600 or FeCr1000 that described ferrochrome is selected the trade mark, described ferromanganese is selected GB/T3795-2006 ferromanganese, described ferrotianium is selected GB/T3282-2012 ferrotianium, it is FeSiRE21 that described rare earth ferrosilicon is selected the trade mark, FeSiRE24, the GB/T4173-2004 rare earth ferrosilicon alloy of FeSiRE27 or FeSiRE230.
3. Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball production technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by lime powder and Fluorspar Powder, the mass ratio according to 2: 1 mixes described slag making materials.
4. Low chrome multielement alloy cast ball production technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between step 3 and step 4, also comprise polishing cleanup step, described polishing cleanup step, for cleaning that the cast ball of unpacking after taking out is polished, is worn into the smooth boss higher than sphere 0.5～1mm at the ingate place of cast ball during cleaning.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103981430A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-13 | 中建材宁国新马耐磨材料有限公司 | Low-chromium alloy cast ball |
| CN104117413A (en) * | 2014-07-11 | 2014-10-29 | 安徽省三方耐磨股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant casting ball used for ball mill |
| CN104152813A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽省三方耐磨股份有限公司 | Low-chromium multicomponent alloy casting ball |
| CN105088058A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-25 | 马鞍山市永兴金属构件有限公司 | High-hardness low-chrome-alloy wear-resisting cast ball |
| CN105112768A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-02 | 马鞍山市力生耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Wear-resisting vanadium and titanium alloy cast ball |
| CN105950956A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-09-21 | 马鞍山市力生耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Low-chromium alloy anti-wear cast ball |
| CN106337152A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-18 | 云南德胜钢铁有限公司 | Low-chromium alloy grinding ball and processing process thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103981430A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-08-13 | 中建材宁国新马耐磨材料有限公司 | Low-chromium alloy cast ball |
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| CN105112768A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-12-02 | 马鞍山市力生耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Wear-resisting vanadium and titanium alloy cast ball |
| CN105950956A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-09-21 | 马鞍山市力生耐磨材料有限责任公司 | Low-chromium alloy anti-wear cast ball |
| CN106337152A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-18 | 云南德胜钢铁有限公司 | Low-chromium alloy grinding ball and processing process thereof |
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| CN103725950B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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