CN103704338B - Production method for ultrahigh-pressure homogenization and sterilization milk - Google Patents

Production method for ultrahigh-pressure homogenization and sterilization milk Download PDF

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CN103704338B
CN103704338B CN201310729089.0A CN201310729089A CN103704338B CN 103704338 B CN103704338 B CN 103704338B CN 201310729089 A CN201310729089 A CN 201310729089A CN 103704338 B CN103704338 B CN 103704338B
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milk
cow
super
pressure homogenization
sterilization
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CN103704338A (en
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肖杨
于鹏
任璐
苗君莅
蔡涛
王辉
姜雪
刘振民
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Shanghai Bright Dairy and Food Co Ltd
Bright Dairy and Food Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a production method for ultrahigh-pressure homogenization and sterilization milk and provides a production method for the ultrahigh-pressure homogeneous sterilization milk. The production method comprises the following steps of (1) performing ultrahigh-pressure homogenization on the milk with the temperature of 2-30 DEG C once or twice under the ultrahigh-pressure homogenization pressure of 200-300MPa to obtain homogenized milk, controlling the temperature of the homogenized milk at 75-80 DEG C, and controlling the temperature of the primarily homogenized milk to be below 80 DEG C with the adoption of twice homogenization; and (2) preserving the heat of the homogenized milk obtained in the step (1) at the temperature of 75-80 DEG C for 10-15 seconds. The method disclosed by the invention is good in sterilization effect; the fresh flavor and the nutritional components of the milk are retained, and the expiration date of a product can be effectively prolonged. The homogenized milk can be directly put into a pasteurization procedure, so that the continuous production can be well realized; the heating time is greatly shortened, and the thermal treatment degree of a product can be reduced.

Description

A kind of production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk.
Background technology
Heat sterilization is the blunt enzyme mode of sterilization very important in food industry always.Traditional thermal sterilization mode can kill various putrefactive microorganisms in food and pathogen effectively, but heat and also to some extent some adverse influences are produced to food nutrition material (as vitamin, functional protein, functional pigment etc.), volatile flavor substance, natural colored and matter structure and physiologically active ingredient etc., particularly for thermal sensitivity or there is the functional food Chang Buneng of particular/special requirement to reach desired effects.Have multiple for liquid state newborn thermal sterilization method, as pasteurize, UHT sterilizing, super pasteurize etc., wherein the heating strength of pasteurize is minimum, retains at most the nutritional labeling in cow's milk and fresh flavor.The liquid state breast market of current Main Developed Countries is in the world all based on the pasteurization milk that nutritive value is higher.More than 90% of local whole liquid breast consumption is accounted at the pasteurization milk consumption figure on the ground such as the U.S., Britain, Australia, Japan.
Domestic pasteurize cow's milk, at 2 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C, its shelf-life is generally about 5 days, and present stage, nationwide cold chain was built not perfect, and the shelf-life, the short sale radius expanding pasteurize cow's milk that allows was faced adverse conditions.Extend the cow's milk shelf-life, traditional mode improves heat treated intensity, but this can bring a problem, no matter national legislation or on nutrition and local flavor, is all difficult to the title retaining " fresh cow milk " again.As can be seen here, the shelf-life of prolongation pasteurize cow's milk becomes a difficult problem that Chinese dairy industry faces.
Super-high-pressure homogenization process (ultra-high pressure homogenization, UHPH) be a kind of continuous cold sterilization technology, it utilizes the extruding of super-pressure generation to liquid food, and the synergy such as intensive shear and high-speed impact process food during earth pressure release, the eucaryotic cell structure of wherein miscellaneous bacteria is made to occur to destroy and change, thus lose or its biologically active of passivation, reach sterilization object.The principle to UHPH sterilization such as Popper has done elaboration, thinks that bacterial cell is by the acting lethality such as pressure drop, torque, shearing force, hole impact concussion produced in high-pressure homogeneous process.The deterioration to food quality that UHPH sterilization can avoid conventional thermal sterilization process to cause, the natural characteristic of food is saved to greatest extent from damage from aspects such as nutrition, local flavor, color and lusters, in addition, compared with ultra-high static pressure cold sterilization technology, it also has the advantage that can realize continuous seepage, equipment cost less investment.Although it has above advantage, adopt separately UHPH to carry out sterilization to cow's milk, be difficult to reach the sterilization of production requirement and the effect of the enzyme that goes out.This technology effective to be applied to commercially producing of cow's milk, also need to find rational solution.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome that the existing pasteurization milk shelf-life is short and UHPH bactericidal assay is difficult to reach the defect of the sterilization of production requirement and the effect of the enzyme that goes out, and provides a kind of production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk.Method bactericidal effect of the present invention is good, while the fresh flavor retaining cow's milk and nutritional labeling, effectively extend the shelf-life of product.Cow's milk temperature after step (1) homogeneous is 75 ~ 80 DEG C, reach the holding temperature in step (2), directly can enter the pasteurize link in step (2), shorten the heating-up time greatly, reduce the heat treatment degree of product, reduce production cost.
The invention provides a kind of production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk, it comprises the following steps:
(1) by the cow's milk of 2 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, carry out super-high-pressure homogenization process, obtain the cow's milk after homogeneous; The pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 200MPa ~ 300MPa, and homogenization cycles is 1 ~ 2 time, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk controls at 75 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C; When adopting twice homogenization, the cow's milk temperature for the first time after homogeneous controls below 80 DEG C;
(2) to the cow's milk after the homogeneous obtained in step (1) in 75 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, insulation 10s ~ 15s, obtain the cow's milk after super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization.
In step (1), described cow's milk, preferably 2 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C refrigerations.
In step (1), homogenization pressure often raises 10MPa, cow's milk temperature by raising about 2.5 DEG C,
In step (1), described cow's milk, carries out homogeneous after preferably selecting order number 100 order ~ 130 object screen pack to filter again.
In step (1), described cow's milk preferably, carries out clean breast before filtration; Better, carry out clean breast and standardization before homogeneous.Wherein, described clean breast is preprocessing process conventional in this area, refers to the mechanical admixture, dust, cell fragment etc. removed in product, effectively controls the process of cow's milk cleanliness factor; Described clean breast preferably carries out in milk clarifier.Described be standardized as preprocessing process conventional in this area, for raw milk, skimmed milk can be adopted, rare milk wet goods carries out standardization.
In the present invention, after step (2) obtains the cow's milk after super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization, preferably, vacuum or nitrogen-filled packaging is carried out after being cooled to 2 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C, described wrapping material preferably for the material of light and oxygen can be intercepted, such as: aluminizer, EVOH(ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer) and PP(polypropylene) composite, EVOH and PE(polyethylene) composite, EVOH and PET(PETG) composite, PVDC(polyvinylidene chloride) and the composite of PP, PE, PET or aluminium foil and PE composite etc.After super-high-pressure homogenization, lipochondrion is very little, and in cow's milk, the total body surface area of fat globule increases, and is easily oxidized, and adopts the packaging material intercepting light and oxygen to deposit cow's milk, effectively can avoid the generation of oxidation reaction.
In the present invention, the temperature that the cow's milk after described super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization preferably carries out stored refrigerated, described refrigeration is preferably 2 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C.
Without prejudice to the field on the basis of common sense, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can be combined, obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
Agents useful for same of the present invention and raw material are all commercially.
Positive progressive effect of the present invention is: method bactericidal effect of the present invention is good, while the fresh flavor retaining cow's milk and nutritional labeling, effectively extend the shelf-life of product.Cow's milk temperature after step (1) homogeneous is 75 ~ 80 DEG C, reach the holding temperature in step (2), directly can enter the pasteurize link in step (2), shorten the heating-up time greatly, reduce the heat treatment degree of product, save production cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Mode below by embodiment further illustrates the present invention, but does not therefore limit the present invention among described scope of embodiments.The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, conventionally and condition, or selects according to catalogue.
Embodiment 1
(1) filter after 2 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 100 object screen packs;
(2) carry out 1 super-high-pressure homogenization process to the cow's milk obtained in step (1), the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 300MPa, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 77 DEG C;
(3) 76 DEG C of insulation 10s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 6 DEG C, packaging material adopt the aluminizer material that can intercept light and oxygen.Stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 2 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
(1) filter after 4 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 130 object screen packs;
(2) after the cow's milk obtained in step (1) being warming up to 30 DEG C, carry out 1 super-high-pressure homogenization process, the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 200MPa, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 80 DEG C;
(3) 80 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out filling nitrogen after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 2 DEG C filling, packaging material adopt EVOH and the PP composite that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 4 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
(1) filter after 6 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 110 object screen packs;
(2) after the cow's milk obtained in step (1) being warming up to 18 DEG C, carry out 1 super-high-pressure homogenization process, the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 230MPa, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 75 DEG C;
(3) 75 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 4 DEG C, packaging material adopt EVOH and the PE composite that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 6 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
(1) filter after 5 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 120 object screen packs;
(2) after the cow's milk obtained in step (1) being warming up to 13 DEG C, carry out 1 super-high-pressure homogenization process, the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 260MPa, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 78 DEG C;
(3) 78 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 5 DEG C, packaging material adopt EVOH and the PET composite material that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 4 DEG C.
Embodiment 5
(1) filter after 2 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 110 object screen packs;
(2) twice super-high-pressure homogenization process is carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (1), the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 300MPa for the first time, after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 77 DEG C for the first time, after cow's milk temperature is down to 5 DEG C, carry out second time super-high-pressure homogenization, pressure is 30MPa, and after second time homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 80 DEG C;
(3) 79 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 4 DEG C, packaging material adopt the composite that can intercept PVDC and PP of light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 2 DEG C.
Embodiment 6
(1) filter after 4 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 120 object screen packs;
(2) twice super-high-pressure homogenization process is carried out to the cow's milk in step (1), the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 200MPa for the first time, after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 54 DEG C for the first time, after cow's milk temperature is down to 25 DEG C, carry out second time super-high-pressure homogenization, pressure is 200MPa, and after second time homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 75 DEG C;
(3) 75 DEG C of insulation 13s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out filling nitrogen after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 5 DEG C filling, packaging material adopt PVDC and the PE composite that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 3 DEG C.
Embodiment 7
(1) filter after 6 DEG C of clean breasts of the raw milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 100 object screen packs;
(2) twice super-high-pressure homogenization process is carried out to the cow's milk that obtains in step (1), the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 280MPa for the first time, after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 76 DEG C for the first time, after cow's milk temperature is down to 19 DEG C, carry out second time super-high-pressure homogenization, pressure is 240MPa, and after second time homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 79 DEG C;
(3) 76 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 6 DEG C, packaging material adopt PVDC and the PET composite material that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 5 DEG C.
Embodiment 8
(1) filter after 5 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 130 object screen packs;
(2) twice super-high-pressure homogenization process is carried out to the cow's milk in step (1), the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 220MPa for the first time, after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 60 DEG C for the first time, after cow's milk temperature is down to 11 DEG C, carry out second time super-high-pressure homogenization, pressure is 260MPa, and after second time homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 76 DEG C;
(3) 76 DEG C of insulation 11s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out filling nitrogen after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 3 DEG C filling, packaging material adopt aluminium foil and the PE composite that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 3 DEG C.
Comparative example 1
(1) filter after 4 DEG C of clean breasts of the raw milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 100 object screen packs;
(2) carry out 1 super-high-pressure homogenization process to the cow's milk obtained in step (1), the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 200MPa, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 90 DEG C;
(3) 90 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 4 DEG C, packaging material adopt EVOH and the PET composite material that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 4 DEG C.
Comparative example 2
(1) filter after 4 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 120 object screen packs;
(2) after the cow's milk in step (1) being warming up to 25 DEG C, carry out twice super-high-pressure homogenization process, the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 100MPa for the first time, after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 50 DEG C for the first time, proceed second time super-high-pressure homogenization, pressure is 100MPa, and after second time homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 75 DEG C;
(3) 75 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 4 DEG C, packaging material adopt EVOH and the PET composite material that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 4 DEG C.
Comparative example 3
(1) filter after 4 DEG C of clean breasts of the cow's milk refrigerated, standardization, select order number to be 130 object screen packs;
(2) after the cow's milk in step (1) being warming up to 47 DEG C, carry out 1 super-high-pressure homogenization process, the pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 120MPa, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 77 DEG C;
(3) 77 DEG C of insulation 15s are carried out to the cow's milk in step (2);
(4) carry out vacuum filling after the cow's milk in step (3) being cooled to 4 DEG C, packaging material adopt EVOH and the PET composite material that can intercept light and oxygen, and stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 4 DEG C.
Comparative example 4
Adopt the technique of embodiment 5, but filling form to change conventional aerobic into filling, packaging material adopts cannot the material of blocking oxygen.
Comparative example 5
(1) cow's milk that 4 DEG C refrigerate is carried out clean breast, standardization;
(2) after the cow's milk obtained in step (1) being warming up to 70 DEG C, carry out normal homogeneous process, pressure is 18MPa, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk is 72 DEG C;
(3) pasteurize is carried out to the cow's milk obtained in step (2), at 75 DEG C of insulation 15s;
(4) carry out conventional aerobic after the cow's milk obtained in step (3) being cooled to 4 DEG C filling, packaging material adopts cannot the EVOH of blocking oxygen and PET composite material.Stored refrigerated, refrigerated storage temperature is 4 DEG C.
Effect example 1
Carry out the mensuration of furosine level and the subjective appreciation of frankincense freshness to the cow's milk product under various sterilization processing, measurement result is as table 1.
Subjective appreciation method: the subjective appreciation carrying out 10 people, marks (0 ~ 5 point, 5 are divided into full marks, show that evaluation is best) to the frankincense freshness of product, adds up its average mark.
The furosine level of table 1. cow's milk and Analyses Methods for Sensory Evaluation Results
The mensuration of the microbiological indicator of the cow's milk finished product under various sterilization processing, measurement result is as shown in table 2.
Total plate count assay method: GB4789-2010;
Coliform assay method: GB4789.3-2010 colony counting method;
Staphylococcus aureus assay method: GB4789.10-2010 qualitative reaction
Salmonella assay method: GB4789.4-2010.
The microbiological indicator measurement result of table 2. cow's milk
[note]: the mensuration of also having carried out coliform, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella while measuring total number of bacteria in upper table, result is and does not detect.
Furosine level is the characteristic parameter of instruction cow's milk heating degree, and in the every 100g protein of pasteurization milk that in the professional standard qualification of reconstituted milk " in NY/T939-2005 pasteurization milk and the UHT sterile milk ", regulation fresh cow milk is produced, furosine level must not be greater than 12mg.From table 1 and table 2, by method process raw milk of the present invention, under the prerequisite not strengthening its heating intensity, effectively extend the shelf-life of product, and remain the fresh flavor of cow's milk better.

Claims (5)

1. a production method for super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) by the cow's milk of 2 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, carry out super-high-pressure homogenization process, obtain the cow's milk after homogeneous; The pressure of super-high-pressure homogenization is 200MPa ~ 300MPa, and homogenization cycles is 1 ~ 2 time, and after homogeneous, the temperature of cow's milk controls at 75 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C; When adopting twice homogenization, the cow's milk temperature for the first time after homogeneous controls below 80 DEG C;
(2) to the cow's milk after the homogeneous obtained in step (1) in 75 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, insulation 10s ~ 15s, obtain the cow's milk after super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization;
After step (2) obtains the cow's milk after super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization, after being cooled to 2 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C, carry out vacuum or nitrogen-filled packaging; Described wrapping material is the material that can intercept light and oxygen; The described material that can intercept light and oxygen is aluminizer, EVOH and PP composite, EVOH and PE composite, EVOH and PET composite material, PVDC and PP, the composite of PE, PET or aluminium foil and PE composite.
2. the production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), described cow's milk, 2 DEG C ~ 6 DEG C refrigerations.
3. the production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (1), described cow's milk, carries out homogeneous again after selecting order number 100 order ~ 130 object screen pack to filter.
4. the production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: in step (1), described cow's milk carries out clean breast before filtration.
5. the production method of super-high-pressure homogenization sterilization cow's milk as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: in step (1), carries out clean breast and standardization before described cow's milk homogeneous.
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