CN1037021A

CN1037021A - The high efficient driving system of motor vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN1037021A
Application number: CN 88102251
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李天宝
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1988-04-11
Filing date: 1988-04-11
Publication date: 1989-11-08

Abstract

A kind of high efficient driving system that is used for motor vehicle, boats and ships, particularly automobile and engineering vehicle, it can be in operation to the difference of engine torque requests by vehicle or boats and ships, regulates the input energy of motor automatically; And can carry out permanent Power Groud stepless change on demand; Also can be on demand in the output torque, or export the hydraulic pressure energy specially; And also can vehicle at descent run or before stopping in any case braking kinetic energy convert the hydraulic pressure energy to; The high efficiency transmission system that stores and utilize.It also can be widely used in the occasion of various mechanical transmission or braking and recovery kinetic energy with independent stepless speed changes devices or hydraulic brake system.

Description

The high efficient driving system of motor vehicle

The high efficient driving system of motor vehicle of the present invention relates to the Hydraulic Power Transmission System field.

The motor vehicle Hydraulic Power Transmission System of prior art, mainly contain two kinds of structural types: one is the hydrodynamic transmission, it is the hybrid powertrain system that is become torch device and planetary pinion combination by fluid coupling or fluid power, though this system can reach stepless change to adapt to the needs of vehicle driving by changing filling amount, but because the gear ratio of fluid coupling or fluid torque converter is less, transmission efficiency is lower when low speed is exported, therefore also to enlarge gear ratio, to adapt to the transmission requirement by planetary classification transmission.Structure is complicated simultaneously, manufacture cost is high, and its transmission total efficiency is not high yet.It two is a hydrostatic transmission system, and it can do the stepless change transmission of clockwise and anticlockwise, can cancel all driving parts from the speed changer to the wheel motor, and the gross weight of vehicle is alleviated; But in the flow of fluid process between from the oil pump to the wheel motor, will be through a series of control valve system and connecting pipeline, therefore energy loss is bigger, total transmission efficiency is lower, the oil pump and the oil hydraulic motor of while prior art, still the difficult requirement that adapts to system of vehicle transmission, thereby functional reliability is relatively poor, manufacture cost is also higher.Two kinds of driving types in sum, because structural reason, though have his own strong points, but all be difficult to satisfy the requirement of vehicle driving best power performance and fuel economy, and before vehicle parking, during descent run and owing to need the stop in emergency vehicle energy in when braking of certain unexpected reason, all can't reclaim, utilize and become heat waste and fall.The kinetic energy accumulation fuel-saving system for motor vehicles of the open GN87100344 of Chinese invention patent application is though before slowly stopping vehicle, the kinetic energy in the descent run is recycled by oil pump and oil motor; But therefore this system can still can't reclaim the stopping brake of vehicle owing to certain unexpected reason because the drive path when reclaiming kinetic energy is longer, also can't regulate vehicle braked moment simultaneously.Owing to be the kinetic energy recovery system that adds, so also increased the complexity and the weight of vehicle drive system.

The objective of the invention is to make the stepless change of a kind of energy, and can be according to vehicle driving the time to the requirement of motor different output power, automatically regulate the input oil mass or the tolerance of motor, make the power character of vehicle driving and fuel economy remain operation in the best condition.And can be before vehicle parking, the braking moment step-less adjustment of braking in the descent run and under any circumstance.Kinetic energy in the time of simultaneously also can be car brakeing is recycled, and can also be when driving or export simultaneously when stopping hydraulic pressure can or export specially hydraulic pressure can the high efficient driving system of motor vehicle.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the high efficient driving system fundamental diagram of motor vehicle, whole system is by hydraulic accumulator (1), more than one hydraulic brake (2), relief valve (3), (12), (13), solenoid directional control valve (4), (8), motor-driven selector valve (5), hand-operated direction valve (6), (14), speed controller (11), brake monitor (7), throttle or valve automatic controller (9), hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10), centrifugal pump (16) and one-way valve compositions such as (15).Its working principle is: system is in the state of rest shown in the accompanying drawing 1 before the motor unstart.Pressure fluid in the hydraulic accumulator (1) makes doubly-linked piston (602) remain on upper dead center from the liquid entering hole (P) of solenoid directional control valve (4), (8), by the execution chamber (V) of spool and liquid outlet (A) admission velocity controller (11).The liquid outlet (h) of speed controller (11) and (H) through manual astern maneuvering valve (6), link to each other with the speed regulating mechanism of hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10), liquid outlet (h) also communicates through the oil transportation loop of solenoid directional control valve (8) with centrifugal pump (16).Because the passage (606) between speed controller (11) two chambeies and (607) are stopped up by doubly-linked piston (602) and control spool (604), there is not pressure liquid to transport to the regulating mechanism of hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10), regulating mechanism is in meta, makes hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) be in zero speed position.Brake monitor (7) is carried out the infusion port (N) in chamber and (Q) is communicated with fluid storage tank through solenoid directional control valve (4), the controlled spool of passage between two chambeies (506) (503) stops up, so liquid outlet (F) does not have pressure liquid to transport to the control mouth (U) of hydraulic brake (2), hydraulic brake (2) is in the operating mode that declutches.Whole system is in the standby condition before the driving.

After the engine start, torque is passed to hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) through clutch by throttle or valve automatic control tegulatingdevice (9), the pedal that the driver steps on speed controller (11) when travelling moves down control spool (604), under the linking mechanism effect, make simultaneously solenoid directional control valve (8) action commutation, pressured fluid is entered through (S) of speed controller (11) mouth from liquid outlet (a) carry out the chamber, doubly-linked piston (602) is pressurizeed, along with moving down of control spool (606), the part aperture of the passage between two chambeies (606) and (607) is by open-minded, under the effect of doubly-linked piston (602), carry out fluid in the chamber (E) and open the part aperture through passage (606), liquid outlet (h) and manual astern maneuvering valve (6) enter the regulating mechanism interface (B) of hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10), make hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) output torque and rotating speed.Through universal joint, transmission shaft and rear bridge driven mechanism, driving wheel is advanced.The fluid of regulating mechanism (C) end flows back to low pressure feed flow loop through manual astern maneuvering valve (6) and solenoid directional control valve (8), simultaneously by fluid infusion in liquid outlet (H) and the cavity of passage (607) between doubly-linked piston and intermediate clapboard.Along with the rotating speed that moves down hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) of doubly-linked piston (602) improves gradually, up to doubly-linked piston (602) the part aperture that moves down the passage of opening (606) owing to control spool (604) is stopped up once more, at this moment the fluid in carrying out chamber (E) is owing to the obstruction of passage (606) is closed in the chamber, stop doubly-linked piston (602) to continue to move down, when thinking, the driver continues to quicken in case of necessity, the control spool (604) of speed controller (11) stepped on further move down, doubly-linked piston (602) moves down under the promotion of highly pressurised liquid again simultaneously, and force the liquid of carrying out in the chamber (E) to continue to transport in the speed regulating mechanism of hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) again, the output speed of stepless speed variator (10) is further accelerated, thereby reached the purpose that further steps on the juice.If the driver also will accelerate travelling speed, can floor the pedal of speed controller (11) so, at this moment hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) makes the output speed maximum because maximum is transferred in the position of regulating mechanism, and it is the fastest that travelling speed also reaches.As long as, just can make travelling speed from static stepless variation in the maximum speed scope so step on a pedal of speed controller (11).One-way valve (15) replenishes transmission fluid through manual astern maneuvering valve (14) to the low voltage side of hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10).

When vehicle need be moveed backward, handle the direction of hand-operated direction valve (6) conversion input stepless speed variator (10) speed regulating mechanism speed governing liquid stream, the output speed of stepless speed variator (10) is oppositely realized.When vehicle needs stopping brake owing to certain unexpected situation, decontrol speed controller (11) pedal, step on the pedal of brake monitor (7), and by linking mechanism connection solenoid directional control valve (4), make the highly pressurised liquid that enters brake monitor (7), liquor inlet (N) through brake monitor (7) enters execution chamber promotion piston (502) and moves down, but because the controlled spool of passage (506) (503) between two chambeies stops up, the liquid in the chamber can't be discharged and is under the static pressure state.Along with moving down of control spool (503) in the brake monitor (7), the passage (506) that is communicated with two chambeies is by open-minded, the resistance that execution piston (502) overcomes spring (505) moves down simultaneously, force the liquid in the chamber to enter the control mouth (U) of more than one hydraulic brake (2), drive hydraulic brake (2) and produce braking force through passage (506), liquid outlet (F).The distance that braking moment is stepped on control spool (503) along with brake monitor (7) pedal increases and increases gradually, and its Brake Energy becomes the hydraulic pressure energy in hydraulic brake (2) simultaneously, is defeated by hydraulic accumulator (1) and stores.Moving selector valve (5) commutation of control spool (503) driving machine when depressing fully, highly pressurised liquid enter through (f) in the brake port (M) of hydraulic brake (2) carries out double brake, and at this moment braking moment reaches maximum, and vehicle is braked fully.

When the needs of vehicle owing to engineering machinery such as lifting, loading and unloading, require under steam or when stopping output hydraulic pressure can the time, can handle hand-operated direction valve (14) opens infusion port (PA) and is defeated by work mechanism, while, to stepless speed variator (10) fluid infusion, exporting hydraulic pressure with realization can task by centrifugal pump (16).

Pressure in hydraulic accumulator (1) is because often braking of hydraulic brake (2), Brake Energy converted to hydraulic pressure can be defeated by hydraulic accumulator (1) and when causing pressure to give the hydraulic coupling of setting up earlier greater than relief valve (12), liquid stream to hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) transfusion, alleviates the output load of motor by relief valve (12).Throttle or valve automatic control tegulatingdevice (9) just reduce the oil mass or the tolerance of input motor automatically, and energy consumption is descended.In the hydraulic continuously variable transmission (10) pressure of transmission fluid greater than hydraulic accumulator (1) give level pressure power the time, liquid stream just by relief valve (13) to hydraulic accumulator (1) automatic liquid feeding, equate up to both pressure.Give surely when maximum when the pressure of whole system for a certain reason reaches, relief valve (3) is open-minded, and liquid stream is entered fluid storage tank.Centrifugal pump (16) links by the output shaft of v belt and motor, to keep the fluid infusion pressure of stepless speed variator (10).

Accompanying drawing 2 is the embodiment who has the axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator (10) of throttle or valve automatic control tegulatingdevice (9), its structure is: in casing (105A) and centre (105B), fixing a passage block (115), its end face has two waist shape port holes that run through, and an infusion port (P is respectively arranged on the waist shaped hole respective outer diameter ₁) or (P ₂) communicate with it.Respectively there is a cylinder body (112A) on two sides in passage block (115) or (112B), middle the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin spline of cylinder body and input shaft (114A) or output shaft (114B) link, and can slide vertically.On each cylinder body calibration garden radially, several cylinder holes are arranged, a plunger (110A) or (110B) is arranged in each cylinder hole, have one between the external diameter of each plunger and cylinder hole or (111B), also can not have with upper sealing ring (111A).Each plunger (110A) or an end (110B) have a ball impression, there is an aperture that runs through the plunger the other end at its center, in the ball impression of each plunger, lay a connecting rod (109A) or an end bulb (109B), the other end bulb of connecting rod is placed in drive plate (103A) or the corresponding ball impression (103B), and an aperture that runs through two bulbs is arranged on every connecting rod (109A) or central axis (109B).Drive plate (103A) or each ball impression center (103B) also have an aperture to communicate with a static pressure chamber at the back side, the quantity in static pressure chamber equates with the quantity of ball impression, its area is less than plunger (110A) or (110B) each basal area, each drive plate (103A) or (103B) be placed in swash plate (104A) or have in the disc-shaped cavity of inclined-plane end cap (102B).Drive plate (103A) or (103B) and have between input shaft (114A) or the output shaft (114B) one by outer raceway body (106A) or (106B), steel ball (107A) or (107B), ball retainer (117A) or (117B) and interior raceway body (108A) or the universal lazy-tongs (108B) formed.At interior raceway body and input or output between centers, and can endwisely slip inputing or outputing on the axle through splined.On input shaft (114A) and output shaft (114B), cylinder body (112A) or (112B) and interior raceway body (106A) or centre (106B), be with a pressure spring (118), its elastic force is fitted the flow face of cylinder body (112A) or flow face (112B) and passage block (115).Simultaneously also or (108B), steel ball (107A) or (107B) by interior raceway body (108A), outer raceway body (106A) or (106B) pass to drive plate (103A) or (103B) makes it to fit with swash plate (104A) or the plane that has in end cap (102B) disc-shaped cavity on inclined-plane.On the end cap (102A) of input end, be provided with one and regulate swash plate (104A) inclination angle, by oil cylinder (116A) and (116B) speed-regulating piston (119) and spring (101A) and the hydraulic control of (101B) forming or the spiral speed regulation mechanism that forms by screw rod (123) nut (119A).Be provided with at the shaft extension end of input shaft (114A) that passive spiral is paid (403), steel ball (407), initiatively spiral is paid (402), rolling screw or pinion and rack (404) and regulated the throttle or the valve automatic control tegulatingdevice (9) of steel cable (406), case (405) composition.Its working principle is: the torque of motor and rotating speed are paid (402), are passed to passive spiral by rolling screw groove and steel ball (407) and pay (403) by the active spiral of throttle or valve automatic control tegulatingdevice (9) through clutch.Because rolling screw is paid the produced simultaneously axial force at transmitting torque, makes passive spiral pay (403) in transmitting torque, overcomes the resilient rear-moving of spring (401).And drive by rolling screw mechanism or rack and pinion mechanism (404), the controlling mechanism of regulating steel cable (406) composition is regulated the throttle or the valve of motor, pay the Spring balanced that (402) and the passive spiral of steel ball (407) are paid (403) axial force that torque transmitted produced and spring (401) up to the active spiral, pass to input shaft (114A) and by interior raceway body (108A) through spline again, steel ball (107A), the universal lazy-tongs that ball retainer (117A) and outer raceway body (106A) are formed are passed to the rotation synchronously of drive plate (103A) and cylinder body (112A).Because the endoporus of cylinder body (112A) and interior raceway body (108A) and the spline of input shaft (114A) are for movingly, so make cylinder body (112A) under the effect of spring (118) in rotation, the flow face of its flow face and passage block (115) is fitted; And drive plate (103A) also is close on the swash plate (104A) by lazy-tongs.Because cylinder body (112A) and drive plate (103A) be rotation synchronously, connecting rod (109A) except that the axial hydraulic power of bearing plunger (110A), does not bear the lateral force of cylinder body transmission in transmission, alleviated the wearing and tearing of plunger (110A) to the cylinder hole.If the pressure liquid that does not come from speed controller (11) in the oil cylinder (116) of speed regulating mechanism at this moment, speed-regulating piston (119) is in meta and makes slip surface in swash plate (104A) disc-shaped cavity perpendicular to input shaft (114A) under the effect of spring (101A) and (1 01B) so; Drive plate (103A) does not just have axial runout in rotary course.Be installed in drive plate (103A) and several cylinder holes of cylinder body (112A), each connecting rod (109A) between plunger (110A) does not just have axial motion yet.At this moment the liquid in each cylinder hole remains static in the cylinder body (112A), and passage block (115) does not have liquid to pass through; Cylinder body (112B) remains static owing to there is not pressure liquid to drive; Output terminal does not have rotating speed and torque output.At this moment motor is in zero load, and the controlling mechanism that rolling screw in throttle or the valve automatic control tegulatingdevice (9) or pinion and rack (404) and adjusting steel cable (406) are formed makes the fuel feeding of motor or air demand maintain operation under the idling operation.

When need travelling, the driver steps on speed controller (11), pressured fluid in the speed controller (11) is in control mouthful (B) input speed regulation cylinder (116A), by speed-regulating piston (119), drive swash plate (104A) and produce an inclination angle, the control mouth (C) of speed regulation cylinder (116B) communicates with fluid storage tank through astern maneuvering valve (6).Tilt simultaneously at the drive plate (103A) that is close on swash plate (104A) slip surface under spring (118) the elastic force effect, therefore drive plate (103A) inclination angle owing to swash plate (104A) in rotary course produces an axial runout, and by connecting rod (109A) drive plunger (110A) axially motion in the cylinder hole of cylinder body (112A).This motion is at the preceding half way around of cylinder body (112A) rotation, since drive plate (103A) swash plate (104A) with respect to the closest approach of cylinder body (112A) in the motion of solstics, (109A) makes the plunger backhaul by connecting rod, negative pressure appears because the backhaul of plunger increases the volume in cylinder hole, under the barometric pressure effect through the liquid entering hole (P of passage block (115) ₁) fluid infusion from fluid storage tank or low tension loop.When forwarding down half way around to, plunger (110A) compresses in the cylinder hole, force the liquid in the cylinder hole to flow in the cylinder body (112B) in the corresponding cylinder hole through passage block (115) passage, simultaneously pressured fluid is also through plunger (110A) and (110B) aperture on top and the connecting rod central axis, again through drive plate (103A) or (103B) the ball impression central small hole flow in the static pressure chamber at the drive plate back side and produce static pressure with the axial force of balance plunger to drive plate, simultaneously make bulb and ball impression under the effect of static pressure oil film, the friction of slip surface reduces between drive plate and swash plate.Because the infusion port (P of passage block (115) ₂) sealed by hand-operated direction valve (14), therefore the liquid that enters in the cylinder hole promotes plunger (110B) axial motion, and pass to drive plate (103B) by connecting rod (109B), owing to drive plate (103B) abuts against on the end cap (102B) that is shaped on swash plate, under the effect of swashplate angle, produce to rotatablely move.The universal lazy-tongs that this motion is formed through outer raceway body (106B), steel ball (107B), ball retainer (117B) and interior raceway body (108B) are passed to output shaft (114B) through spline.Send humiliation to grow quiet 12B) central bore link to each other with output shaft (114B) by spline, so cylinder body also with output shaft (114B) with drive plate (103B) is synchronous rotates, its rotating speed and torque are advanced by transmission shaft, universal joint and driving rear axle driving wheel.Make output speed reverse if desired, handle the direction that pressured fluid in the speed regulating mechanism is transported in manual astern maneuvering valve (6) conversion so, make the reversal of dip of swash plate (104A), can realize that rotating speed is reverse.If the output speed that makes speed changer is from zero to the most stepless variation, so as long as handle speed regulating mechanism, the inclination angle that drives swash plate gradually changes and can realize.So this is a kind of with the stepless speed changes devices of liquid as driving medium.Can certainly replace with gear type or vane hydraulic stepless speed variator.It not only applicable to traffic tool such as the motor vehicle of various types, boats and ships, also can be widely applicable for the various occasions that need the stepless change transmission.

Accompanying drawing 3 is for a kind of not with the axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator embodiment of throttle or valve automatic control tegulatingdevice, and its work is described identical with accompanying drawing 2 with structural principle.Here, speed regulating mechanism has adopted the speed regulating mechanism of being made up of motor (121), worm gear (122), adjusting screw rod (123) and handwheel (124) to replace accompanying drawing 2 described hydraulic driving speed regulating mechanisms.Prime mover can be directly through the work of input shaft (114A) drive speed transmission.If want further to enlarge gear ratio, as long as output terminal is had the end cap (102B) on inclined-plane, make the swash plate identical (104A) into so, and the regulating mechanism that hydraulic control or screw drives be set can be realized with input end.

Accompanying drawing 5 is passage block (115) embodiment in the axial plunger piston hydraulic stepless speed variator, its end face has two waist shaped holes that run through, on the both sides of waist shaped hole a static pressure chamber is arranged respectively,, a liquid outlet (P is arranged respectively in each waist shaped hole with the axial force of balance cylinder block to passage block ₂) or liquid entering hole (P ₁) communicate with it.

Accompanying drawing 6 is drive plate in the axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator (103A) or embodiment (103B), its structure is that several and connecting rod (109A) or (109B) identical ball impression are arranged in a calibration garden of end face, each ball impression center has an aperture to communicate with a static pressure chamber at the back side, the static pressure of its generation be plunger hydraulic power 0.90 to 0.98 between be close to swash plate (102A) guaranteeing.Side in each ball impression also have an aperture with outside the static pressure chamber (H) of garden on week communicate, the angle (a) on its aperture central axis and ball impression plane is to guarantee that drive plate is when tilting rotation, there is the aperture at 1/7th to 3/9ths connecting rod (109A) bulb center to communicate with it, so that in the static pressure chamber (H) that communicates with the bulb aperture, produce static pressure, with the radial force of balance owing to drive plate inclination generation.

Accompanying drawing 7, accompanying drawing 8 and accompanying drawing 8A are the embodiment of hydraulic brake (2), its structure is to have lift radially more than two and be similar in the drag housing (302) of cam ring flange a brake body (301) is arranged having in internal diameter garden week, several master cylinder are arranged in brake body, a brake piston (303) is arranged in each master cylinder, there is one in each brake piston with a upper sealing ring (319) and a spring (305), spring one end is fixed in the hole of brake piston (303), and the other end is fixed on the piston rod spring seat (31 4) of control piston (304).Brake piston (303) leans on an end of drag housing (302) to have one and half garden shape piston shoes (306) in one and half garden shape grooves, the groove, and fixing by resilient bars (311), but can be along swinging in the shape groove of garden.On a distribution garden of brake body (301) end face, also have several stopping brake cylinder holes, two opposed plungers (308) are respectively arranged in the part hole wherein, its external end contacts with the end face brake disc (313A) and (313) that stud with brake material, a spring (312) is respectively arranged in another part cylinder hole, the two ends of spring and end face brake disc (313A) and (313) stretch in the hole and in axial sliding boss link to each other, its elastic force abuts against on the brake body (301) the end face brake disc.Brake body (301) is bearing on central siphon (309) and the semiaxis (318) through flange (310) and rolling bearing, and drag housing (302) is connected with the semiaxis flange through bolt, but and coiling kinetoplast (301) rotate freely.Spoke (307) through bolton on drag housing (302).An input ball valve (316) is arranged in each master cylinder (N) and exports ball valve (317), and respectively with the infusion port (P of flange (310) ₀) and (Z) communicate, infusion port (Z) communicates through the hydraulic pipe line of pipeline with hydraulic accumulator (1).Control mouth (U) in the flange (310) communicates with fluid storage tank through solenoid directional control valve with control cylinder (R).The inclined hole of brake port (M) in brake body (301) in the middle of two plungers (308) of each stopping brake cylinder, and communicates with fluid storage tank through motor-driven selector valve.The state that declutches when making hydraulic brake be in driving shown in accompanying drawing 7 left sides.When needs parking or descent run, step on brake monitor (7) and " see Fig. 1 ", make solenoid directional control valve (4) energising commutation through linking mechanism, control mouthful (U) is cut off with the path of fluid storage tank, pressure liquid enters promotion control piston (304) in the control cylinder (R) from the control mouth (U) that brake monitor (7) flows to flange (310), and by spring seat (314), spring (305) drives brake piston (303) and outwards moves, make simultaneously to produce parital vacuum in the master cylinder (N), under the barometric pressure effect, push ball valve (316) open, through infusion port (P ₀) from fluid storage tank, draw and replenish liquid.Because drag housing (302) is that the radially cam ring of lift flange is arranged in an internal diameter garden week more than two, therefore, during rotation under the effect of internal diameter flange, with the process of piston shoes (306) contact-sliding at brake piston (303) top in, brake piston (303) is compressed, fluid pressure in the master cylinder is progressively increased, simultaneously drag housing (302) is produced braking action, when pressure greater than hydraulic accumulator) hydraulic coupling the time push ball valve (317) open to hydraulic accumulator transfusion, at this moment the braking force of brake piston has also reached constant.Because the elastic force of spring (305) is less than the static pressure of liquid in the control cylinder (R) to control piston (304), so work as brake piston (303) in drag housing (302) effect lower compression, spring (305) is compressed simultaneously.When drag housing (in 302, when radially the cam ring of lift is crossed maximum point to the compression stroke of brake piston (303), brake piston (303) backhaul under spring (305) elastic force effect, under the barometric pressure effect, open simultaneously ball valve (316) once more, draw from fluid storage tank and replenish liquid, beginning is circulation next time.When needs strengthen braking force, can further step on brake monitor, make control piston (304) be pushed into maximum position shown in Fig. 7 right side to spring (305), at this moment the single stroke maximum of brake piston (303) in drag housing (302) rotary course, amount of infusion and also maximum to the corner of drag housing (302) braking action, its braking moment is enough to make vehicle to stop fully in the short time.When needing emergency braking owing to certain unexpected reason, can all floor brake monitor, at this moment motor-driven selector valve action commutation, pressure liquid from hydraulic accumulator through the brake port (M) of flange (310) and the inclined hole of brake body (301), enter the stopping brake cylinder, promote plunger (308) and press to end face brake disc (313) and (313A), the braking surface of end face brake disc is pressed on the interior edge face of drag housing (302) produces braking force.Make wheel under the effect of double brake power, emergency braking.This braking countertorque is placed in several interior boss of brake body (301) end-face hole by end face brake disc (313) and the back side (313A), passes to brake body (301), and passes to central siphon and vehicle frame bears by brake body.When vehicle need stop on the slope, can depress the brake monitor pedal fully, and it is locked on this position by hadle.Make and under the hydrostatic pressure of hydraulic accumulator, realize braking.As long as this hydraulic brake is the flow in the control input control cylinder (R), and control piston (304) is rested on the arbitrary position in the cylinder, and the braking distance of brake piston (303) is changed, and reaches the purpose of regulating braking moment.This hydraulic brake can be used in the various occasions of frequent braking widely, is specially adapted to the occasion that vehicle and handling machinery need be regulated braking moment.

Accompanying drawing 9 is brake monitor embodiment, its structure is that a control chamber and an execution chamber are arranged in a housing (501), a control spool (503) is arranged in control chamber, the upper end of spool links by lever and brake petal, can in the chamber, move axially under external force, spring (507) makes the control spool remain on the top in chamber in the bottom of control spool, also is provided with the hole that fitting machine moves the selector valve push rod in the bottom surface in chamber.In carrying out the chamber, a piston (502) is arranged, a retracting spring (505) is arranged below piston, make piston remain on upper dead center, an infusion port (N) and (Q) is respectively arranged at the two ends in chamber, a passage that is arranged in several apertures (506) is arranged between two chambeies in housing.Its working principle is: it is logical that solenoid directional control valve makes infusion port (N) and pressure liquid phase when the driver steps on brake petal, piston (502) is attempted to move down under action of hydraulic force, but because infusion port (Q) is closed through solenoid directional control valve, the whole again controlled spools of passage (506) (503) stop up, intracavity liquid can't be discharged the static pressure state that is in, and piston (502) can't move down.When the control spool moves down a segment distance, the part aperture of former blocked passage (506) is by open-minded, effect lower compression spring (505) at piston (502), force liquid to transport to the control mouth of hydraulic brake simultaneously through passage (506) and liquid outlet (F), up to piston (502) move down the part aperture in the passage of having opened (506) stopped up again till.If strengthen the control liquid of transporting to hydraulic brake, can realize as long as further depress brake petal.When wanting brake off, as long as loosen the brake, at this moment solenoid directional control valve makes liquid entering hole (N) and (Q) communicates with fluid storage tank, piston (502) spring (505) effect down backhaul infusion port (Q) from fluid storage tank, draw additional liquid.Therefore as long as the distance that control control spool moves down, just delivery pressure liquid is controlled the braking moment of hydraulic brake pari passu.

Accompanying drawing 10 is speed controller embodiment, its structure is to have a control chamber and centre that the execution chamber of dividing plate is arranged in a housing (605), a control spool (604) is arranged in control chamber, its top links by lever and speed pedal, its bottom has a spring (601) to make spool remain on top, on the both sides of carrying out the chamber dividing plate, a doubly-linked piston (602) is arranged, the chamber an infusion port (S) and (X) respectively arranged up and down, two passages that are arranged in several apertures (606) and (607) are arranged between two chambeies in housing.Its working principle is: when infusion port (S) during through solenoid directional control valve (8) incoming pressure liquid, another infusion port (X) communicates with fluid storage tank, doubly-linked piston (602) is attempted to move down under action of hydraulic force, but, be in the static pressure state because of the controlled spool of carrying out in the chamber (E) of liquid (604) all stops up passage (606) and can't discharge.When control spool (604) moved down a segment distance, the part aperture of passage (606) was by open-minded, and the liquid in the execution chamber (E) is transported to speed governing end (B) the drive speed transmission speed change of hydraulic continuously variable transmission through passage (606), liquid outlet (h).Along with moving down of doubly-linked piston (602), passage (607) is also by open-minded, the part aperture of liquid in the low tension loop in solenoid directional control valve, liquid outlet (H) and the passage (607) opened enters in the chamber between doubly-linked piston (602) lower piston and intermediate clapboard.Up to the upper piston of doubly-linked piston (602) owing to move down till the part aperture of again passage (606) having been opened all stops up again, if increase the flow of transporting to speed changer speed governing end further, can further depress control spool (604) again and realize.But release speed pedal when needs slow down, make the control spool backhaul of speed controller, at this moment solenoid directional control valve dead electricity commutation, pressured fluid is from carrying out following infusion port (X) input in chamber, backhaul along with control spool (604), promote two  and encourage  02) on move, its course of action is with above-mentioned identical.Therefore as long as step on the pedal of a speed controller, just can by speed controller make speed changer from static to the interior stepless change of high speed.

Accompanying drawing 4 is a kind of axial plunger type hydraulic variable displacement pump or motor embodiment, and the preceding input part of its structure and working principle and accompanying drawing 2 described axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator passage blocks (115) is identical.Here the passage block (115) of former communication input and output is changed into a thrust plate (115H).When moving as variable displacement pump, power is from input shaft (114A) input, and highly pressurised liquid is from liquid outlet (P ₂) output, from liquid entering hole (P ₁) fluid infusion.When as motor operation, highly pressurised liquid then flows back to fluid storage tank from liquid entering hole from the liquid outlet input after work done, and torque is exported from input shaft (114A).Not being both of the present invention and existing axial plunger type variable capacity pump or motor: between input shaft (114A) and drive plate (103A), have one by outer raceway body (106A), steel ball (107A), ball retainer (117A) and in roll the universal lazy-tongs that entire body (108A) is formed.

Accompanying drawing 11 and accompanying drawing 12 are another kind of hydraulic brake embodiment, its structure is described identical with accompanying drawing 8A with accompanying drawing 7 accompanying drawings 8 with working principle, different is several stopping brake cylinder holes of here having cancelled by at brake body (301) end face, with plunger (303) or the spring (312) in the cylinder hole, and the end face brake disc (313) at brake body two ends and the stopping brake mechanism that (313A) forms.

Motor vehicles high efficient driving system of the present invention has the characteristics of infinitely variable speeds and recovery Brake Energy, can be widely applicable for various motor vehicles, the transmission of boats and ships; Be specially adapted to the transmission of automobile and engineering truck. And also can its independent hydraulic continuously variable transmission or liquid braking device be applied to the various various occasions that need gear or reclaim Brake Energy, adjustable brake moment.

Claims

1, a kind of high efficient driving system of motor vehicle, by hydraulic accumulator, hydraulic control valve, speed controller and brake monitor are formed, and it is characterized in that also comprising:

A, an axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator;

B, more than one plunger hydraulic break.

2, a kind of axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator is made up of cylinder body, plunger, connecting rod, drive plate, swash plate, housing and speed regulating mechanism, it is characterized in that also comprising:

A, two opposed cylinder bodies (112A) and (112B) are arranged in housing;

B, two cylinder bodies (112A) and (112B) between a passage block (115) of circulation is for liquid arranged;

C, drive plate (103A) or (103B) and input shaft (114A) or (114B) between have one or (106B) by outer raceway body (106A), interior raceway body (108A) or (108B), steel ball (107A) or (107B) and ball retainer (117A) or the universal lazy-tongs (117B) formed.

3, a kind of plunger hydraulic break is characterized in that:

A, on the week of internal diameter garden, have in two drag housings (302) brake body (301) is arranged with upper flange;

B, several cylinder holes were arranged on the external diameter garden week of brake body (301), the master cylinder of being made up of brake piston (303), spring (305), control piston (304) is arranged in each cylinder hole, brake piston (303), control piston (304) fuse through spring (305) and spring seat (314).

4, high efficient driving system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: have a control chamber and one to carry out the chamber in the housing (605) of speed or brake monitor or (505), a control spool (604) or (503) and a doubly-linked piston (602) are arranged in the chamber or carry out piston (502), between two chambeies, have a passage of forming by several holes (606), (607) or (506) at least.

5, hydraulic brake according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the end face arrestment mechanism that the end face brake disc (313) at plunger (308) or spring (312) and brake body two ends is arranged in several cylinder holes, each cylinder hole and (313A) form is arranged in distribution garden of brake body (301) end face in addition.

6, axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator according to claim 2 is characterized in that also comprising by active screw axis (402), throttle or valve automatic control tegulatingdevice that passive screw axis (403), spring (401), adjusting steel cable (406) and steel ball (407) are formed.

7, axial plunger type hydraulic stepless speed variator according to claim 2 is characterized in that drive plate (103A) or (103B) several and connecting rod (109A) or (109B) the bulb ball impression of coincideing is arranged on the calibration garden of end face, there is an aperture that connects the other end static pressure chamber at the center of ball impression, the side of ball impression also has a hole to communicate with a static pressure chamber on the week of external diameter garden, and the quantity in two static pressure chambeies equates with ball impression respectively.

8, hydraulic brake according to claim 3 is characterized in that: at the top of brake piston (303) one and half garden connected in stars are arranged, there is the aperture of a perforation at the center of groove.

9, hydraulic continuously variable transmission according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the end face at passage block (115) has two waist shaped holes that run through two ends, and there are a static pressure chamber and a liquid outlet (P who communicates with waist shaped hole in the both sides of each waist shaped hole ₂) or liquid entering hole (P ₁).

10, a kind of axial plunger type hydraulic variable displacement pump or motor are by cylinder body, and input shaft, drive plate, housing, swash plate, plunger, connecting rod, thrust plate and regulating mechanism are formed.It is characterized in that: universal lazy-tongs of being made up of outer raceway body (106A), interior raceway body (108A), steel ball (107A) and ball retainer (117A) are arranged between input shaft (114A) and drive plate (103A).