CN103699459A - Method and system for incremental backup of virtual machine data based on Qcow2 snapshots - Google Patents
Method and system for incremental backup of virtual machine data based on Qcow2 snapshots Download PDFInfo
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- CN103699459A CN103699459A CN201310756362.9A CN201310756362A CN103699459A CN 103699459 A CN103699459 A CN 103699459A CN 201310756362 A CN201310756362 A CN 201310756362A CN 103699459 A CN103699459 A CN 103699459A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for incremental backup of virtual machine data based on Qcow2 snapshots. The method includes the following steps: creating a virtual machine on the basis of a first image file in a qcow2 format, and installing user environment and data; copying the first image file in the qcow2 format into a second image file of the qcow2 format; creating a first snapshot of the first image file of the qcow2 format; operating the virtual machine, and updating the first image file of the qcow2 format; suspending operation of the virtual machine, and creating a second snapshot of the qcow2 format; restoring the operation of the virtual machine; analyzing the first snapshot of the qcow2 format and the second snapshot of the qcow2 format, and combining a difference part between the two snapshots with the second image file of the qcow2 format. Therefore, incremental backup of the data of the virtual machine in the cloud computing virtualization field is realized, and time for data backup and consumption of network bandwidth are reduced substantially.
Description
Technical field
The virtual-machine data backup field that the present invention relates to system for cloud computing system, relates in particular to a kind of virtual-machine data incremental backup method and system based on qcow2 snapshot.
Background technology
Incremental backup refer to full backup or on once after incremental backup, each backup later only need be backed up and the front data that increase or be modified of once comparing.This just means, for the first time incremental backup to as if the data of carrying out complete standby rear produced increase and modification; For the second time incremental backup to as if carry out the increase that produces after incremental backup for the first time and the data of modification, so analogize.The most significant advantage of this backup mode is exactly: there is no the Backup Data that repeats, therefore the data volume of backup is little, backs up the required time very short.How the data of virtual machine being carried out to incremental backup is the problem that cloud computing must solve in virtual, but also there is no at present good method.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of virtual-machine data incremental backup method and system based on qcow2 snapshot, to realize, in the virtual field of cloud computing, the data of virtual machine are carried out to incremental backup, can reduce in a large number the time of data backup and the consumption of the network bandwidth.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of virtual-machine data incremental backup method based on qcow2 snapshot, comprise step: step S1, the first mirror based on qcow2 form is as document creation virtual machine, and user environment and data are installed; Step S2, by the first mirror of qcow2 form as file copy in the second image file of qcow2 form; Step S3, the first snapshot of the first image file of establishment qcow2 form; Step S4, moves virtual machine, and upgrades as required the first image file of qcow2 form; Step S5, suspends the operation of virtual machine, and creates the second snapshot of qcow2 form; Step S6, the operation that recovers virtual machine; Step S7, analyzes the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form, and the difference part between the two and the second image file of qcow2 form are merged.
Wherein, the processing of in described step S7, the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form being analyzed comprises: bunch question blank to the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form contrasts, and finds out different bunches.
Wherein, difference described in step 7 partly refers between the first snapshot of qcow2 form and the second snapshot of qcow2 form different bunches.
Wherein, described in step 7, the difference part between the two is comprised from the processing that the second image file of qcow2 form merges: by between the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form different bunches copy in the second image file of qcow2 form.
Wherein, in the time of need to carrying out incremental backup to described virtual machine, S5 is to step S7 for execution step at every turn.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of virtual-machine data incremental backup system based on qcow2 snapshot is provided, comprise: virtual machine control module, for first mirror based on qcow2 form as document creation virtual machine, user environment and data are installed, suspend the operation of virtual machine, recover the operation of virtual machine; Incremental data backup units, for backing up and manage the incremental data of virtual machine.Wherein, the described incremental data to virtual machine backs up and management comprises: incremental data backup units by the first mirror of qcow2 form as file copy in the second image file of qcow2 form; Incremental data backup units creates the first snapshot of the first image file of qcow2 form; When virtual machine moves, incremental data backup units is upgraded the first image file of qcow2 form as required; When virtual machine operation suspension, incremental data backup units creates the second snapshot of qcow2 form; Incremental data backup units is analyzed the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form, and the difference part between the two and the second image file of qcow2 form are merged.
Wherein, the described processing that the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form is analyzed comprises: bunch question blank to the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form contrasts, and finds out different bunches.
Wherein, described difference partly refers between the first snapshot of qcow2 form and the second snapshot of qcow2 form different bunches.
Wherein, the described difference part by between the two comprises from the processing that the second image file of qcow2 form merges: by between the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form different bunches copy in the second image file of qcow2 form.
As mentioned above, the invention provides a kind of virtual-machine data incremental backup method and system based on qcow2 snapshot, realized in the virtual field of cloud computing the data of virtual machine have been carried out to incremental backup, can reduce in a large number the time of data backup and the consumption of the network bandwidth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram between logical address and physical address in qcow2 snapshot document;
Fig. 2 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram creating between snapshot prevariety question blank and pointer count table;
Fig. 3 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram creating between bunch question blank after snapshot and pointer count table;
Fig. 4 is bunch, bunch question blank of change after data and the corresponding relation schematic diagram between pointer count table;
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of the virtual-machine data incremental backup method based on qcow2 snapshot in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the virtual-machine data incremental backup system based on qcow2 snapshot of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more cheer and bright, below in conjunction with embodiment and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.Should be appreciated that, these descriptions are exemplary, and do not really want to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, in the following description, omitted the description to known configurations and technology, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring concept of the present invention.
The invention provides a kind of virtual-machine data incremental backup method and system based on qcow2 snapshot, realize, in the virtual field of cloud computing, the data of virtual machine are carried out to incremental backup, can reduce in a large number the time of data backup and the consumption of the network bandwidth.
Qemu is the widely used analog processor with GPL license distribution source code on GNU/Linux platform.Qcow2 is a kind of virtual machine image file form that Qemu realizes.The elementary cell of qcow2 file storage data is bunch (cluster).Bunch default size be 64KB, when creating qcow2 file, can specify size, but size must be 2 power (such as, 128KB, 256KB, 512KB, 1MB ...).
Fig. 1 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram of logical address and physical address in current qcow2 file.
As shown in Figure 1, qcow2 be take the physical address map relation in bunch logical address as unit organization virtual machine image and qcow2 file storage medium: an any given logical address, first calculate its bunch sequence number d1, and it bunch in side-play amount d2, this logical address can be expressed as d=(d1 in current qcow2 file, d2), then the corresponding physical address on the medium of qcow2 file place in the inner d1 address of finding of bunch question blank (lookup table) (representing bunch) of qcow2, be designated as d1 ', so the corresponding physical address of this logical address be exactly (d1 ', d2).
The file of qcow2 form is supported snapshot (snapshot) mechanism, and its principle is, while creating snapshot, a bunch question blank for current time is copied to portion and saves, and is designated as snapshot X; Recover snapshot sometime, exactly bunch question blank is returned to the state in the moment of recording snapshot X.Because bunch question blank that snapshot is preserved also points to bunch, some bunch can be pointed to by a plurality of bunches of question blanks like this, and pointer count table for qcow2 (reference count table) records certain bunch how many times that has been cited.At certain bunch, there are data to write fashionable, if the value in this bunch of corresponding pointer count table is greater than 1, excites and copy the mechanism that writes (Copy On Write), again copy a cluster data to other bunch, and upgrade bunch question blank and pointer count table.
Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 have shown respectively before establishment snapshot, create after snapshot bunch, bunch question blank after change data and the relation between pointer count table.
Fig. 2 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram creating between snapshot prevariety question blank and pointer count table.
As shown in Figure 2, before creating snapshot, logical address d1, d2 corresponding physical address d1 ' and d2 ' respectively in bunch question blank, physical address d1 ' and d2 ' point to respectively bunch 1 and bunches 2, and the number of times that in pointer count table, physical address d1 ' and d2 ' are cited is all 1 time.
Fig. 3 creates the corresponding relation schematic diagram between bunch question blank and pointer count table after snapshot.
As shown in Figure 3, create after snapshot, logical address d1, d2 corresponding physical address d1 ' and d2 ' respectively in bunch question blank, physical address d1 ' and d2 ' point to respectively bunch 1 and bunches 2; In snapshot, logical address d1, d2 also distinguish corresponding physical address d1 ' and d2 ', and physical address d1 ' and d2 ' also point to respectively bunch 1 and bunches 2, so the number of times that now physical address d1 ' and d2 ' are cited in pointer count table is all 2 times.
Fig. 4 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram between bunch question blank and pointer count table after change data.
As shown in Figure 4, after d2 ' is originally replicated and is revised as bunches 3 for corresponding bunch 2, in bunch question blank, the corresponding physical address d1 ' of logical address d1 is constant, corresponding bunch of physical address d1 ' 1 is also constant, but the physical address that logical address d2 is corresponding becomes d3 ', physical address d3 ' is corresponding bunch also becomes bunches 3; Now in snapshot, logical address d1, d2 still distinguish corresponding physical address d1 ' and d2 ', physical address d1 ' and d2 ' also still point to respectively bunch 1 and bunches 2, so the number of times that now in pointer count table, physical address d1 ' is cited is 2 times, the number of times that physical address d2 ' and d3 ' are cited is all 1 time.
Bunch question blank based on above-mentioned qcow2 and the principle of snapshot, can draw to draw a conclusion:
(1) by analyzing qcow2 form, the snapshot data of any time can copy out.
(2) by analyzing not the difference of bunch question blank of snapshot in the same time, can analyze not the difference of data in the same time, and can be to corresponding bunch the copying of these variance data.
(3) based on conclusion (1) and (2), thus the data of any time can combine out, specific as follows:
A) copy the data of snapshot 1;
B) data+snapshot 2 of the data=snapshot 1 of snapshot 2 and the difference of snapshot 1;
C) data+snapshot 3 of the data=snapshot 2 of snapshot 3 and the difference of snapshot 2;
D) by that analogy, data+snapshot x of data=snapshot x-1 of snapshot x and the difference of snapshot x-1.
The defect that the clone method of above-mentioned snapshot data mainly exists is: (1), owing to being by duplicate backup data, needs of short duration time-out virtual machine while carrying out data backup, affect virtual machine operational efficiency; (2) in the method for above-mentioned Backup Data, the combination that each copy data all needs to use at least three snapshot datas, this copy mode based on hash file combination need to take more virtual machine storage space, thereby virtual machine memory property is declined.
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of the virtual-machine data incremental backup method based on qcow2 snapshot of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, the virtual-machine data incremental backup method based on qcow2 snapshot specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S1, the first mirror based on qcow2 form is as document creation virtual machine, and user environment and data are installed.
After above-mentioned image document creation virtual machine, also need to install the normal operation of user environment and relevant data guarantee virtual machine.
Step S2, by the first mirror of qcow2 form as file copy in the second image file of qcow2 form.
The second image file after copying, as the basis of incremental backup, even if guarantee to have revised the first image file because of the operation of virtual machine, can not affect follow-up incremental backup yet.
Step S3, the first snapshot of the first image file of establishment qcow2 form.
The basis that the first snapshot creating is contrasted with the second snapshot during as follow-up incremental backup.
Step S4, moves virtual machine, and upgrades as required the first image file of qcow2 form.
Step S5, suspends the operation of virtual machine, and creates the second snapshot of qcow2 form.
When needs carry out data increment backup, suspend the operation of virtual machine, and the second snapshot of the qcow2 form of the first image file of the data creation qcow2 form based on current virtual machine.
Step S6, the operation that recovers virtual machine.
Create after the second snapshot of qcow2 form, recover the operation of virtual machine, data increment backup procedure after this does not affect the normal operation of virtual machine.
Step S7, analyzes the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form, and the difference part between the two and the second image file of qcow2 form are merged.
In this step, the described processing that the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form is analyzed comprises: bunch question blank to the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form contrasts, find out different bunches, i.e. difference part.
Further, the processing of described merging comprises: by described difference partial replication in the second image file of qcow2 form, described different bunches are copied, and a bunch question blank for the second image file of qcow2 form is modified, make wherein originally to point to the logical address of described different bunches and again point to corresponding bunch after copying, and revise corresponding pointer count table simultaneously.
In down-stream, in the time need to carrying out incremental backup to described virtual machine, S5 is to step S7 for execution step at every turn.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the virtual-machine data incremental backup system based on qcow2 snapshot of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 6, the virtual-machine data incremental backup system based on qcow2 snapshot of the present invention comprises following assembly:
Virtual machine control module 601, as document creation virtual machine, installs user environment and data for the first mirror based on qcow2 form, according to the notice of incremental data backup units 602, suspends the operation of virtual machine and/or the operation that recovers virtual machine.
Incremental data backup units 602, backs up and manages for the incremental data of virtual machine that virtual machine control module 601 is controlled.
The above-mentioned incremental data to virtual machine backs up and management comprises:
Incremental data backup units 602 by the first mirror of qcow2 form as file copy in the second image file of qcow2 form;
Incremental data backup units 602 creates the first snapshot of the first image file of qcow2 form;
When virtual machine moves, incremental data backup units 602 is upgraded the first image file of qcow2 form as required;
Incremental data backup units 602 notice virtual machine control modules 601 suspend the operation of virtual machine, and when virtual machine operation suspension, incremental data backup units 602 creates the second snapshot of qcow2 form;
After the second snapshot creation completes, the operation that incremental data backup units 602 notice virtual machine control modules 601 recover virtual machine;
The first snapshot of 602 pairs of qcow2 forms of incremental data backup units and the second snapshot of qcow2 form are analyzed, and the difference part between the two and the second image file of qcow2 form are merged.
The described processing that the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form is analyzed comprises: bunch question blank to the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form contrasts, and finds out different bunches, i.e. difference part.
Further, the processing of described merging comprises: by described difference partial replication in the second image file of qcow2 form, described different bunches are copied, and a bunch question blank for the second image file of qcow2 form is modified, make wherein originally to point to the logical address of described different bunches and again point to corresponding bunch after copying, and revise corresponding pointer count table simultaneously.
Should be understood that, above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention is only for exemplary illustration or explain principle of the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the invention.Therefore any modification of, making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within protection scope of the present invention all should be included in without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention in the situation that.In addition, claims of the present invention are intended to contain whole variations and the modification in the equivalents that falls into claims scope and border or this scope and border.
Claims (10)
1. the virtual-machine data incremental backup method based on qcow2 snapshot, is characterized in that, comprises step:
Step S1, the first mirror based on qcow2 form is as document creation virtual machine, and user environment and data are installed;
Step S2, by the first mirror of qcow2 form as file copy in the second image file of qcow2 form;
Step S3, the first snapshot of the first image file of establishment qcow2 form;
Step S4, moves virtual machine, and upgrades as required the first image file of qcow2 form;
Step S5, suspends the operation of virtual machine, and creates the second snapshot of qcow2 form;
Step S6, the operation that recovers virtual machine;
Step S7, analyzes the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form, and the difference part between the two and the second image file of qcow2 form are merged.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the processing of in described step S7, the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form being analyzed comprises: bunch question blank to the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form contrasts, and finds out different bunches.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, difference described in step 7 partly refers between the first snapshot of qcow2 form and the second snapshot of qcow2 form different bunches.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described in step 7, the difference part between the two is comprised from the processing that the second image file of qcow2 form merges: by between the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form different bunches copy in the second image file of qcow2 form.
5. according to the method described in claim 1 to 4 any one, it is characterized in that, in the time of need to carrying out incremental backup to described virtual machine, S5 is to step S7 for execution step at every turn.
6. the virtual-machine data incremental backup system based on qcow2 snapshot, is characterized in that, comprising:
Virtual machine control module, as document creation virtual machine, installs user environment and data for the first mirror based on qcow2 form, suspends the operation of virtual machine, recovers the operation of virtual machine;
Incremental data backup units, for backing up and manage the incremental data of virtual machine.
7. system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the described incremental data to virtual machine backs up and management comprises:
Incremental data backup units by the first mirror of qcow2 form as file copy in the second image file of qcow2 form;
Incremental data backup units creates the first snapshot of the first image file of qcow2 form;
When virtual machine moves, incremental data backup units is upgraded the first image file of qcow2 form as required;
When virtual machine operation suspension, incremental data backup units creates the second snapshot of qcow2 form;
Incremental data backup units is analyzed the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form, and the difference part between the two and the second image file of qcow2 form are merged.
8. system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the described processing that the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form is analyzed comprises: bunch question blank to the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form contrasts, and finds out different bunches.
9. system according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described difference partly refers between the first mirror snapshot of qcow2 form and the second snapshot of qcow2 form different bunches.
10. system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the described difference part by between the two comprises from the processing that the second image file of qcow2 form merges: by between the second snapshot of the first snapshot of qcow2 form and qcow2 form different bunches copy in the second image file of qcow2 form.
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