CN103699370A - SurvML (Survey Marked Language) design and development method based on XML (Extensive Markup Language) - Google Patents
SurvML (Survey Marked Language) design and development method based on XML (Extensive Markup Language) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a SurvML (Survey Marked Language) design and development method based on an XML (Extensive Markup Language). The method comprises a method of defining a SurvML based on the XML and implementing a survey system based on the SurvML. According to the method, an XML technology is introduced into the field of questionnaire design, survey questionnaires are compiled by use of the XML, and a problem and logic separation concept is provided, so that questionnaire compiling personnel pay more attention to the problem per se, so that traditional problems and the complexity brought by script language with mixed logic are overcome; in addition, the SurvML based on the XML can be expanded more conveniently, supports more abundant problem types and can also simultaneously supports CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing), CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing) and CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing). The method disclosed by the invention relates to the field of CAWI, can be used for assisting survey personnel in compiling various abundant and varied questionnaires more simply, conveniently and rapidly and executing interview survey more efficiently, can also be used for improving the survey instantaneity, integrality and validity and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to area of computer aided interview survey field; Be particularly related to by PC, phone, the modes such as mobile terminal device are carried out the method for survey; Specifically refer to a kind of questionnaire script design and development method based on XML.
Background technology
Along with develop rapidly and the widespread use of the infotecies such as internet, 3G wireless network, mobile intelligent terminal, cloud computing, the propagation of information, mutual and be shared in the restriction that has largely broken through time, space etc.For all kinds of observation units, on the one hand, hold exactly market or social pulse, capture in time market or social information accurately, to help to carry out effective decision-making; And on the other hand, traditional method of investigation and study expense is high, yield poor results, subjective factor impact is large, operation easier is large, can not to leader provide complete, in time, information accurately, and the novel method of investigation and study of informationization technology guiding, area of computer aided interview survey method, has improved the efficiency of investigation greatly, accelerated investigation process, promote accuracy, instantaneity and the reliability of finding, can to investigation data, carry out statistical treatment easily simultaneously, obtained analysis result accurately.
Current computer supplementary access investigation method is mainly divided into 3 large class: CATI, CAPI and CAWI.
CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) is the abbreviation of computer-aided telephone access system.The common working forms of CATI system is: visit person is sitting in before computing machine, in the face of the questionnaire on screen, read problem, and the result that respondent is answered is recorded in computing machine and is gone to the respondent on phone opposite by mouse or keyboard; Inspection is carried out on-site supervision by LAN (Local Area Network) and telephone exchange to whole access work before another computing machine, guarantees the quality of interview survey.
CAPI (Computer Assisted PersonalInterviewing), i.e. area of computer aided interview.Basically identical with the basic principle of CATI, difference is mainly that one is to access by telephone remote, and one is aspectant access.In addition, the questionnaire form of expression of CAPI is abundant compared with CATI, as supported the multimedia topic types such as picture, sound, audio/video file broadcasting.Traditional CAPI still carries out by means of PC or notebook, to replace the investigation and interview mode of paper and pen, along with the continuous release of the intelligent terminals such as smart mobile phone, panel computer and the fast development of 3G wireless network, the client form of CAPI is just towards portability, wireless penetration, intelligent direction development at present.
CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing), i.e. computer Aided Network access, or be called network research.This mode sends to respondent by internet by E-research questionnaire (as HTML questionnaire, WORD questionnaire and download type electronic spreadsheet questionnaire etc.), is completed access then submit online test paper to by respondent on the computer of oneself.
No matter survey is to adopt which kind of area of computer aided interview survey mode, all be unable to do without questionnaire design process.The existing CATI of industry, CAPI or CAWI system are conventionally all separate, and questionnaire need to design respectively, and can not be general mutually.Questionnaire writer need to learn respectively the method for designing of every kind of questionnaire conventionally, and in order to support complicated problem types and logic control, questionnaire script can become and become increasingly complex, and this brings a lot of inconvenience to questionnaire design.
The present invention is incorporated into questionnaire design field by XML technology, by XML, write questionnaire, and put forward the theory that out of joint and logic is separated, make questionnaire writer concerned issue more itself, thereby overcome the complicacy that the script of traditional problem and logic shuffling brings; In addition, the questionnaire script based on XML can be expanded more easily, supports abundanter problem types, and can support CATI, CAPI and CAWI simultaneously.The present invention relates to area of computer aided interview survey field, can help Research Analyst to write more quickly and easily all kinds of rich and varied questionnaires, carry out more efficiently interview survey, improve the instantaneity of investigation, completeness and efficiency, has broad application prospects.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of questionnaire script design and development method based on XML, the method comprises the definition of a questionnaire script SurvML (Survey Marked Language) based on XML and the implementation method of the questionnaire investigation system based on SurvML.
The definition of the described questionnaire script SurvML based on XML comprises SurvML questionnaire script syntax rule and SurvML file structure.
Described SurvML questionnaire script syntax rule is followed the syntax rule of XML, and SurvML has expanded a series of labels that meet questionnaire characteristic on XML basis, and by different labels, the problem of questionnaire is carried out separated with logic.A kind of extended mode may be as follows:
survml：head，body
head：id，title，description，meta*
body：constants？，variables？，questions，filters？，validators？
constants：constant*
variables：variable*
questions：question*
validators：validator*
filters：filter*
group：question*，group*
question：option*
option：question*
filter：condition*，if*，goto*，setvisible*，enable*，skip*，showanswer*，
setvariable，clear*
if：(true|false)？
condition：and*，or*，assert*
validator：params？，and*，or*，assert*
The SurvML that the present invention proposes can expand more label, and above is only a kind of implementation of recommending.
Described SurvML file structure comprises a <survml> label, in <survml>, comprise a <head> and <body>, represent respectively the main body of head and the questionnaire of questionnaire.In <head>, comprise a <id>, a <title>, a <description> and a plurality of <meta> label, the unique number that represents respectively questionnaire, questionnaire title, questionnaire is described and metadata information; In <body>, comprise <constants>, <variables>, <questions>, each, <validators> and <filters> label, represent respectively constant district, variable range, problem area, checking district and control zone.
The global constant that described SurvML constant area definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <constant> labels.Each <constant> label comprises name, and tri-attributes of type and value represent respectively the title of constant, type and value, and type support list wherein, integer, decimal, whether, the polytypes such as character string, such as:
<constant?name＝″total_score″type＝″int″value＝″100″>
</constant>
Represent a total_score of global constant that value is 100 of definition, this constant can be quoted by other parts of questionnaire.
The global variable that described SurvML variable range definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <variable> labels.Each <variable> label comprises name, and tri-attributes of type and value represent respectively the title of variable, type and value, and type support list wherein, integer, decimal, whether, the polytypes such as character string, such as:
<variable?name＝″temp_str″type＝″string″value＝″″/>
Represent a character string temp_str that initial value is " " of definition.
Described SurvML problem area definition questionnaire all problems, comprise a plurality of <question> labels, each <question> label can comprise id, type, description, a plurality of attributes such as hint, respectively problem of representation ID, problem types, problem is described and problem clew.<question> can expand and support various problems type, in order conveniently to write and read SurvML document, can represent different problem typeses with label independently, SurvML can expand and support prompting topic <info>, single choice <select>, multiple choice <select>, whether inscribe <boolean>, integer Open-ended Question <integer>, decimal Open-ended Question <float>, text Open-ended Question <text>, textview field Open-ended Question <textarea>, date and time Open-ended Question <datetime>, sequence topic <sort>, assignment topic <assignment>, scale topic <scale>, matrix topic <matrix>, the topic types such as combination topic <composite>, but be not limited only to above topic type.
Different according to every kind of topic type, each problem label comprises a plurality of attributes and a plurality of subtab, subproblem can also nested subproblem, such as:
Represent assignment topic of definition, this assignment topic comprises a plurality of options, an also nested text Open-ended Question.
The verifying logic that described SurvML checking area definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <validator> labels.Each <validator> label represents a validator, for judging whether the answer of a certain problem meets certain proof rule.In <validator>, can comprise a parameter list label <params> and a plurality of <assert> label and logical relation label <and> and <or>.<assert> label represents to assert, for judging the relation of initial value src and desired value dst, as judged whether, equates, judges whether to be greater than or less than.Such as:
The validator that represents a title myvalidator of definition, the answer value of this validator confirmation this subject and param1 and param2 parameter sum are 100.
Described SurvML validator can pre-define conventional validator, directly in the attribute of <question> label, use, such as integer verification validator validator=" int ", scope verification validator validator=" scope (min; max) ", mail format checker validator=" email " etc.
The conventional validator of described SurvML can be expanded, and includes but not limited to integer validator, decimal validator, and numerical range validator, mail validator, phone number validator, on the occasion of expression formula validator etc.
The steering logic that described SurvML control zone definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <filter> labels.Each <fiIter> label represents a filtrator, for carrying out a series of script actions.Each action has independently label correspondence, these actions include but not limited to: redirect <goto>, skip this subject <skip>, make the whether visible <setvisible> of problem, make whether effectively <enable> of problem, <showanswer> shows the answer of certain problem, <setvariable> arranges variate-value, remove problem answers <clear> etc., in <filter>, can comprise <condition> and <if> condition label.<filter> comprises a name attribute, for being quoted by problem.Such as:
Represent that name of definition is called the filtrator of myfilter, in this filtrator, defined the condition that a name is called mycondition, if this condition meets, jump to the problem that question number is s5, otherwise jump to the problem that question number is s6.In above example, <and> label in <condition> label represent " with " logic, <assertEqual> label is <assert type=" equal " shorthand of > label, for conveniently writing and read, represent whether the value that judges src and dst equates.
The simple questionnaire format sample of a SurvML is as follows:
Above questionnaire example comprises 5 problem Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4,2 filtrator f1 and f2.In problem Q2, using f1 as fore filter, f2 is as post-filter.In problem Q3, used scope (18,60) digital scope validator, represented that the scope at age must be between 18 years old and 60 years old.
The implementation method of the described questionnaire investigation system based on SurvML comprises questionnaire engine execution flow process and questionnaire investigation system method for designing.
Described questionnaire engine is carried out flow process and is comprised the following steps:
The first step, questionnaire engine initialization SurvML questionnaire, starts the first topic, if the first topic is not prompting topic, answers after the first topic, carries out second step;
Second step, questionnaire engine is before carrying out next topic, first check whether a upper topic has logic checking device, if have, whether the answer of the upper topic of checking is verified by upper one all validators of inscribing, and validator may have a plurality of, questionnaire engine is verified by the sequencing of validator, any one validator does not pass through, and still rests on current topic, if all by carrying out the 3rd step;
The 3rd step, whether the inspection of questionnaire engine has the post-filter of a upper topic, if have, carry out all post-filters of a upper topic, post-filter may have a plurality of, questionnaire engine is carried out by the sequencing of filtrator, and post-filter is carried out relevant action, may jump to a certain problem, once execution redirect, forward the 4th step to, if there is no redirect, after all post-filters are all complete, enter next topic, if this subject has been last topic, carries out the 5th step, otherwise carry out the 4th step;
The 4th step, questionnaire engine is before carrying out this problem, first check the fore filter that whether has this problem, if have, all fore filters of carrying out this subject, fore filter may have a plurality of, and questionnaire engine is carried out by the sequencing of filtrator, fore filter is carried out relevant action, may jump to a certain problem, once carry out redirect, continue to carry out the 4th step, if there is no redirect, after all fore filters are all complete, enter this subject, if this subject is not prompting topic, answer after this subject, repeat second step;
The 5th step, questionnaire engine is processed questionnaire and is finished, and interview survey finishes, and the answer that questionnaire investigation client can be collected questionnaire engine is preserved or is reported test paper and collects server.
The implementation method of described questionnaire investigation system comprises the following steps:
The first step, based on SurvML questionnaire engine exploitation questionnaire investigation client, can be CS version or BS version;
Second step, the questionnaire writer script SurvML that draws up a questionnaire, can carry out questionnaire design by visual design tool;
The 3rd step, the questionnaire engine in questionnaire investigation client loads SurvML questionnaire script, and carries out survey, collects user's answer;
The 4th step: questionnaire investigation client is submitted to test paper by user's answer and reclaims server;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the development process figure of the questionnaire investigation system based on SurvML.
Fig. 2 is SurvML file structure figure.
Fig. 3 is SurvML questionnaire script engine flowchart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the inventive method is described:
Shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the development process figure of the questionnaire investigation system based on SurvML of the present invention.
11 based on SurvML questionnaire engine exploitation questionnaire investigation client
The 12 script SurvML that draw up a questionnaire
Questionnaire engine in 13 questionnaire investigation clients loads SurvML questionnaire script, and carries out questionnaire, collects user's answer
14 questionnaire investigation clients are submitted to test paper by user's answer and reclaim server
First questionnaire investigation system based on SurvML need to develop questionnaire investigation client based on SurvML questionnaire engine, can be CS version or BS version, and wherein CS version can have the PC version based on each type operating system, and mobile phone version and dull and stereotyped computerized version are originally; Before questionnaire investigation starts, the questionnaire writer script SurvML that need to draw up a questionnaire, can carry out questionnaire design by visual design tool; Carrying out the survey stage, the questionnaire engine in questionnaire investigation client loads SurvML questionnaire script, and carries out survey, collects user's answer; Finally, questionnaire investigation client is submitted to test paper by user's answer and reclaims server.
Shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is SurvML file structure figure.
200SurvML root label
210 header tag
220 principals tab
221 constant districts
222 variable ranges
223 problem areas
224 control zones
225 checking districts
SurvML document forms by one 200, and 200 comprise one 210 and one 220.210 comprise all kinds of questionnaire association attributeses descriptions, and 220 comprise 221,222,223,224 and 225.A characteristic of SurvML document is problem and logic to be carried out separated, be wherein all problem in 223, and logic control and logic checking defines by 224 and 225 respectively, and 221 and 222 is quoting and logical process for convenient value.
Shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is SurvML questionnaire script engine flowchart.
31 questionnaires start (the first topic)
32 fore filters
33 answer a question
34 validators
35 post-filters
36 questionnaires finish (last topic)
When any one problem is carried out, all need first to check that it 32,32 can have a plurality ofly, if having, carry out in order 32, be all finished, and do not jump to other problems, carry out 33; Before entering next topic, need to carry out 34 to verify that in 33 processes, whether large problem answers is complete and effective; 34 can have a plurality of validators, carry out in order each validator in 34, as long as there is any one validator not pass through, cannot carry out next step; After having searched validator and all carrying out and pass through, check and whether have 35,35 can have a plurality ofly, if having, to carry out in order 35, to be all finished, and not jump to other problems, to enter next topic.
31 and 36 are respectively the first topic and last topic of questionnaire, and they are prompting topics conventionally, and generally do not define any filtrator and validator; But SurvML supports 31 and 36 to be topic types of any type, therefore carrying out 31 and also need to check fore filter, validator and post-filter at 36 o'clock.
Claims (13)
1. the questionnaire script design and development method based on XML, the definition that comprises a questionnaire script SurvML (Survey Marked Language) based on XML and the implementation method of the questionnaire investigation system based on SurvML, its characteristic is:
The definition of the described questionnaire script SurvML based on XML comprises SurvML questionnaire script syntax rule and SurvML file structure;
The implementation method of the described questionnaire investigation system based on SurvML comprises questionnaire engine execution flow process and questionnaire investigation system method for designing;
Described SurvML questionnaire script syntax rule is followed the syntax rule of XML, and SurvML has expanded a series of labels that meet questionnaire characteristic on XML basis, and by different labels, the problem of questionnaire is carried out separated with logic;
Described SurvML file structure comprises a <survml> label, in <survml>, comprise a <head> and <body>, represent respectively the main body of head and the questionnaire of questionnaire; In <head>, comprise a <id>, a <title>, a <description> and a plurality of <meta> label, the unique number that represents respectively questionnaire, questionnaire title, questionnaire is described and metadata information; In <body>, comprise <constants>, <variables>, <questions>, each, <validators> and <filters> label, represent respectively constant district, variable range, problem area, checking district and control zone;
The global constant that described SurvML constant area definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <constant> labels;
The global variable that described SurvML variable range definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <variable> labels;
Described SurvML problem area definition questionnaire all problems, comprises a plurality of <question> labels;
The verifying logic that described SurvML checking area definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <validator> labels;
The steering logic that described SurvML control zone definition questionnaire needs, comprises a plurality of <filter> labels;
Described questionnaire engine is carried out flow process and is comprised the following steps:
The first step, questionnaire engine initialization SurvML questionnaire, starts the first topic, if the first topic is not prompting topic, answers after the first topic, carries out second step;
Second step, questionnaire engine is before carrying out next topic, first check whether a upper topic has logic checking device, if have, whether the answer of the upper topic of checking is verified by upper one all validators of inscribing, and validator may have a plurality of, questionnaire engine is verified by the sequencing of validator, any one validator does not pass through, and still rests on current topic, if all by carrying out the 3rd step;
The 3rd step, whether the inspection of questionnaire engine has the post-filter of a upper topic, if have, carry out all post-filters of a upper topic, post-filter may have a plurality of, questionnaire engine is carried out by the sequencing of filtrator, and post-filter is carried out relevant action, may jump to a certain problem, once execution redirect, forward the 4th step to, if there is no redirect, after all post-filters are all complete, enter next topic, if this subject has been last topic, carries out the 5th step, otherwise carry out the 4th step;
The 4th step, questionnaire engine is before carrying out this problem, first check the fore filter that whether has this problem, if have, all fore filters of carrying out this subject, fore filter may have a plurality of, and questionnaire engine is carried out by the sequencing of filtrator, fore filter is carried out relevant action, may jump to a certain problem, once carry out redirect, continue to carry out the 4th step, if there is no redirect, after all fore filters are all complete, enter this subject, if this subject is not prompting topic, answer after this subject, repeat second step;
The 5th step, questionnaire engine is processed questionnaire and is finished, and interview survey finishes, and the answer that questionnaire investigation client can be collected questionnaire engine is preserved or is reported test paper and collects server;
The implementation method of described questionnaire investigation system comprises the following steps:
The first step, based on SurvML questionnaire engine exploitation questionnaire investigation client, can be CS version or BS version;
Second step, the questionnaire writer script SurvML that draws up a questionnaire, can carry out questionnaire design by visual design tool;
The 3rd step, the questionnaire engine in questionnaire investigation client loads SurvML questionnaire script, and carries out survey, collects user's answer;
The 4th step: questionnaire investigation client is submitted to test paper by user's answer and reclaims server.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described SurvML questionnaire script syntax rule is followed the syntax rule of XML, and SurvML has expanded a series of labels that meet questionnaire characteristic on XML basis.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described SurvML questionnaire script carries out separated by the problem of questionnaire with logic, make questionnaire writer concerned issue more itself, thereby overcome the complicacy that the script of traditional problem and logic shuffling brings.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described SurvML questionnaire file structure comprises constant district, variable range, problem area, checking district and control zone.
5. according to the method described in claim 1 and 4, it is characterized in that: the global constant of the constant area definition questionnaire needs of described SurvML questionnaire document, comprises a plurality of constants; Each constant at least comprises title, type and three attributes of value, and constant type support list wherein, integer, decimal, whether, the polytypes such as character string.
6. according to the method described in claim 1 and 4, it is characterized in that: the global variable of the variable range definition questionnaire needs of described SurvML questionnaire document, comprises a plurality of variablees; Each variable at least comprises title, type and three attributes of value, and types of variables support list wherein, integer, decimal, whether, the polytypes such as character string.
7. according to the method described in claim 1 and 4, it is characterized in that: all problems of the problem area definition questionnaire of described SurvML questionnaire document, comprises a plurality of problems; Each problem can comprise question number, problem types, and problem is described and problem clew, fore filter, post-filter, the attributes such as validator; Problem can be expanded and support prompting topic, single choice, and whether multiple choice, inscribe, integer Open-ended Question, decimal Open-ended Question, text Open-ended Question, textview field Open-ended Question, date and time Open-ended Question, sequence topic, assignment topic, scale topic, matrix topic, the topic types such as combination topic, but be not limited only to above topic type.
8. according to the method described in claim 1 and 4, it is characterized in that: the verifying logic of the checking area definition questionnaire needs of described SurvML questionnaire document, comprises a plurality of validators; Each validator is for judging whether the answer of a certain problem meets certain proof rule.
9. according to the method described in claim 1 and 4, it is characterized in that: the steering logic of the control zone definition questionnaire needs of described SurvML questionnaire document, comprises a plurality of filtrators; Each filtrator, for carrying out a series of script actions; Each action has independently label corresponding, and these actions include but not limited to: redirect, skip this subject, make problem whether visible, make problem whether effectively, show certain problem answer, variate-value be set, remove problem answers etc.
10. according to the method described in claim 1,4 and 8, it is characterized in that: described SurvML validator can pre-define conventional validator, directly in the attribute of problem label, use; The conventional validator of described SurvML can be expanded, and includes but not limited to integer validator, decimal validator, and numerical range validator, mail validator, phone number validator, on the occasion of expression formula validator etc.
11. according to the method described in claim 1 and 7, it is characterized in that: described SurvML questionnaire engine is before carrying out a certain problem, first check whether there is the fore filter of this problem, if having, carry out all fore filters of this subject, fore filter may have a plurality of, questionnaire engine is carried out by the sequencing of filtrator, and fore filter is carried out relevant action, may jump to other problems, if there is no redirect, enter this problem.
12. according to the method described in claim 1,7 and 11, it is characterized in that: described SurvML questionnaire engine is after answering a certain problem, before carrying out next topic, first check whether this problem has logic checking device, if having, verify whether the answer of this problem passes through the checking of all validators of this problem, validator may have a plurality of, questionnaire engine verifies by the sequencing of validator, and any one validator does not pass through, and still rests on this problem.
13. according to claim 1, 7, method described in 11 and 12, it is characterized in that: described SurvML questionnaire engine is after by all validator validates of a certain problem, questionnaire engine need to check whether this problem has post-filter, if have, carry out all post-filters of this problem, post-filter may have a plurality of, questionnaire engine is carried out by the sequencing of filtrator, post-filter is carried out relevant action, may jump to a certain problem, if there is no redirect, after all post-filters are all complete, enter next topic, if this subject has been last topic, questionnaire engine processing questionnaire finishes, interview survey finishes, the answer that questionnaire investigation client can be collected questionnaire engine is preserved or is reported test paper and collects server.
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