CN103696696A - Anti-clamp sliding PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit - Google Patents
Anti-clamp sliding PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-clamp sliding PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit and is applied to the field of well drilling. The anti-clamp sliding PDC drill bit mainly comprises a drill collar joint, a specially-shaped drill bit, a sealing cover, an impact hammer and a reverser, and is arranged below a drill column like a conventional drill bit. The anti-clamp sliding PDC drill bit is of the integrated design of a fluid driving torsional impact generator and a PDC drill bit, an intermediate link does not exist between the fluid driving torsional impact generator and the PDC drill bit, and the PDC drill bit has torsional impact rock breaking energy. The torsional impact with certain frequency is applied to the drill bit through a well drilling fluid driving impact hammer, so that on the basis of shearing and rock breaking of the PDC drill bit, a torsional impact rock breaking mode is added, the phenomenon of clamp sliding of the PDC drill bit is eliminated, the torsional vibration of the drill column is reduced, and higher rate of penetration is obtained; the well drilling cost can be greatly reduced, and the anti-clamp sliding PDC drill bit is suitable for difficult drilling formations with a PDC drilling mode and low rate of penetration, short in length, compact in structure and high in transfer efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the drill bit in a kind of drilling well field, the sliding PDC drill bit of especially a kind of anti-sticking.
Background technology
The mode of PDC drill bit fractured rock is mainly shear action, and when bore meeting bad ground, when the many and moment of torsion in PDC bit teeth wedging stratum is not enough, drill bit is stall at any time, until gather enough moments of torsion, shears rock stratum.Because torque energy is stored in the drill string of distortion, once discharge, drill string can produce serious torsion concussion as the clockwork spring unclamping, and this phenomenon is just referred to as " card is sliding " or bit bouncing.The sliding problem one of the main reasons that bad ground rate of penetration is low just, drilling efficiency is low of the ubiquitous card of PDC drill bit.
The instrument of spinning using in drillng operation at present can produce axial impact force, can be used in conjunction with rock bit (conforming to the broken rock principle of rock bit); The broken rock principle of shearing that is not suitable for PDC drill bit, easily makes bit teeth damage.200910058083.9) and the patent torsional impact drilling tool (number of patent application: 201010511421.2) of Drilling Tech. Inst., Shengli Petroleum Administration application the patent torsional impact drilling tool of United States Patent (USP) torsional pulse generator (patent No.: US 7096980 B2), Southwest Petrol University (number of patent application:, can produce torsional pulse power, be conducive to eliminate or improve the sliding phenomenon of card of PDC drill bit.But three technology differences that patent adopts, the torsional pulse generator of the U.S. adopts drilling fluid to drive turbine, turbine rotarilys actuate jump bit, produce continuous torsional pulse, the torsional impact drilling tool of Southwest Petrol University adopts drilling fluid drive screw, screw rod rotarilys actuate jump bit, produces continuous torsional pulse, and the torsional impact drilling tool of Drilling Tech. Inst., Shengli Petroleum Administration adopts drilling fluid directly to drive jump bit to produce torsional pulse.Although drilling fluid directly drives jump bit to increase with respect to turbine and screw drive efficiency, but all there is a common feature in these three patents, torsional pulse generating tool is threaded with PDC drill bit, be to have intermediate link between jump bit and drill bit, impulsive torque is lost greatly in transmittance process, size is long, and efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, solves the sliding problem of card of PDC drill bit to greatest extent, proposes the sliding PDC drill bit of a kind of anti-sticking.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to solve the sliding problem of card of PDC drill bit.In order to solve above technical problem, the present invention has announced the sliding PDC drill bit of a kind of anti-sticking under rotary drilling system operating mode.The inner encapsulation of the present invention can circumferential reciprocating jump bit.During drilling well, the present invention utilizes part drilling fluid fluid energy to drive internal impact hammer to produce the torsional pulse of certain frequency, drill bit is when receiving rotary power and driving (rotating disk, top drive with mud motor etc.), bear torsional pulse energy, increased the rock breaking capacity of drill bit, eliminate the sliding phenomenon of PDC card simultaneously, and in the present invention by torsional pulse generator and drill bit integrated design, internal impact hammer acts directly on drill bit, and without intermediate link, compact conformation, efficiency are high.For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking, is mainly comprised of deformed drill, capping, jump bit, commutator, and capping, jump bit, commutator are in deformed drill.Deformed drill is the cylindrical of hollow, and there is the PDC drill bit of Integral design lower end.The cavity of described deformed drill sets up upper impression and lower impressions separately by convex edge in bottom, and upper impression inwall is axially prefabricated with low pressure chamber groove, high pressure chest groove and conversion chamber groove, low pressure chamber groove lower end UNICOM lower impressions; Jump bit is enclosed within on deformed drill in shape chamber, jump bit tube wall is outwards extruded with outer hammer and is inwardly extruded with interior hammer, its outer hammer coordinates with the conversion chamber groove rotation-limited of deformed drill, outside two of outer hammer, convex edge is radially prefabricated with respectively outer flow passage, interior convex edge along interior hammer is prefabricated with respectively inner flow passage, and interior outer flow passage will connect inside and outside jump bit; Commutator is enclosed within jump bit, commutator outer wall is axially provided with two parallel isolating bars and a wide cut isolating bar, in wide cut isolating bar, establish and connect the inside and outside passage of commutator, article two, in parallel isolating bar and interior hammer, convex edge forms rotation-limited and coordinates, the groove formation earial drainage district between the parallel isolating bar of wide cut isolating bar and both sides; Capping is positioned at the upper surface of jump bit and commutator, and it is discoideus that capping is, and is provided with capping centre bore and capping through hole, and the high pressure chest groove of capping through hole and deformed drill inwall connects.
Such scheme also comprises: in described jump bit, commutator and deformed drill bottom, the joint portion of convex edge is also provided with base plate, offers centre bore and bottom hole on base plate; Described centre bore is communicated with upper impression and lower impressions, and bottom hole is communicated with lower impressions and earial drainage district.
The centre bore of described commutator inner chamber or base plate is also provided with nozzle.
Described PDC drill bit is comprised of wing, bit nozzle and the bit teeth of body, circle distribution.
Described wing quantity is more than or equal to 3, and described bit nozzle quantity is more than or equal to 3.
The conversion chamber groove of deformed drill is semicircle, the outer process of malleus coordinating is with it 1/4th gardens along length, interior hammer and outer hammer axle center are symmetrical, the interior convex edge length of interior hammer is 1/8th gardens, the low pressure chamber groove that is arranged on deformed drill is symmetrical with conversion chamber groove, and high pressure chest groove is symmetrically distributed in the both sides of low pressure chamber groove.
Be arranged on drill string below the same with conventional bit of the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking of the present invention.There is interface thread deformed drill upper end, has the drill collar joint of mud runner to connect with interior.The PDC drill bit of deformed drill and lower end is integrated machine-shaping, also can pass through welding fabrication.The drilling fluid of the sliding PDC drill bit of the anti-sticking of flowing through promotes jump bit after by commutator, high pressure chest and low pressure chamber and behind rotation the position that reaching capacity between four kinds of extreme positions, impacts commutation, and all drilling fluids finally pass through bit nozzle.Impact energy finally passes to rock by bit teeth by the body of deformed drill, in bit scraping stratum, by the high-frequency rock that knocks repeatedly, eliminates or reduces PDC drill bit and when creeping into, easily occur the sliding phenomenon of card.Except changing the physical dimension of commutator and jump bit, frequency of impact is adjusted by changing pressure and the discharge capacity of drilling fluid, and the impact force of generation is subject to shape and the quality influence of outer hammer.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking of the present invention utilizes drilling fluid to drive and produces certain frequency impulsive torque, on the basis of shearing broken rock, increased the mode of the broken rock of torsional pulse, improved broken rock energy transfer efficiency, when strengthening drill bit rock breaking capacity, eliminate the sliding phenomenon of card of PDC drill bit, can improve rate of penetration, reduce drilling cost.And compare the torsional impact drilling tool (number of patent application: 201010511421.2) of Drilling Tech. Inst., Shengli Petroleum Administration, the sliding PDC drill bit mechanism of anti-sticking of the present invention is simplified more, by torsional pulse generator and drill bit integrated design, cut down the number of intermediate links, length is short, compact conformation, efficiency is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking generalized section;
Fig. 2 a is first extreme position sectional view of A-A jump bit work in Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 b is second the extreme position sectional view of A-A jump bit work in Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 c is the 3rd the extreme position sectional view of A-A jump bit work in Fig. 1;
Fig. 2 d is the 4th the extreme position sectional view of A-A jump bit work in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is PDC drill bit upward view of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that the axles such as the solid of commutator of the present invention are surveyed view.
Mark in figure: 1-drill collar joint; 2-deformed drill; 3-capping; 4-jump bit; 5-commutator; 6-base plate; 7-nozzle; 101-mud runner; 201-upper impression; 201a-low pressure chamber (groove); 201b-high pressure chest (groove); 201c-changes chamber (groove); 202-lower impressions; 203-top screw thread; 204-PDC drill bit; 204a-body; 204b-wing; 204c-bit nozzle; 204d-bit teeth; 301-capping centre bore; 302-capping through hole; 401-hammers into shape outward; Hammer in 402-; 403, the outer flow passage of 404-outer hammer; 405, the inner flow passage of hammer in 406-; 501-passage; The little conversion of 502-chamber; 503-earial drainage district; The parallel isolating bar of 504-; 505-wide cut isolating bar; 601-bottom hole.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking is mainly comprised of deformed drill 2, capping 3, jump bit 4, commutator 5, base plate 6, nozzle 7, and deformed drill 2 is cylindrical, and deformed drill 2 is integrated machine-shaping with the PDC drill bit 204 of lower end.Deformed drill 2 by top screw thread 203 with in have the drill collar joint 1 of mud runner 101 to connect.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1,2a, 2b, 2c and 2d, in deformed drill 2, there are upper impression 201 and lower impressions 202, upper impression 201 is separated into low pressure chamber 201a, high pressure chest 201b and conversion chamber 201c by capping 3, jump bit 4, commutator 5 etc., low pressure chamber 201a lower end UNICOM lower impressions 202, high pressure chest 201b UNICOM mud runner 101, low pressure chamber 201a and high pressure chest 201b are the fluting on deformed drill 2 inwalls.At jump bit 4 and commutator 5 up, capping 3 is discoideus, is provided with capping centre bore 301 and capping through hole 302 in capping 3, and capping through hole 302 is communicated with mud runner 101 and high pressure chest 201b.Jump bit 4 and commutator 5 are hollow barrel-type, and jump bit 4 is sleeved on commutator 5 outsides, and jump bit 4 and commutator 5 are rotatable.Jump bit 4 is provided with outer hammer 401 and interior hammer 402, and outer hammer 401 footpaths, both sides are upwards provided with outer flow passage 403,404, and interior hammer 402 footpaths, both sides are upwards provided with inner flow passage 405,406.With reference to accompanying drawing 4, commutator 5 footpaths upwards have passage 501, commutator 5 outer walls are provided with isolating bar 504,505, article two, isolating bar 504 axial distribution, isolating bar 505 is positioned at passage 501 outer rims, and the step of isolating bar 504,505 and capping 3, deformed drill 2 inside forms little conversion Qiang502He earial drainage district 503.Outer hammer 401 footpath convexes are also enclosed in conversion chamber 201c, and interior hammer 402 is radially projecting inward and be enclosed in little conversion chamber 502.
Between the step of jump bit 4, commutator 5 and deformed drill 2 inside, be provided with base plate 6, offer centre bore and bottom hole 601 on base plate 6, nozzle 7 is arranged on base plate 6 centre bores.Centre bore is communicated with upper impression 201 and lower impressions 202, and bottom hole 601 is communicated with lower impressions 202He earial drainage district 503.
With reference to accompanying drawing 3, PDC drill bit 204 is comprised of wing 204b, bit nozzle 204c and the bit teeth 204d of body 204a, circle distribution.Wing 204b quantity is 5, and bit nozzle 204c quantity is 6.
During work, from the drilling fluid of drill string mud runner 101 to be flowing in the sliding drill bit of anti-sticking be three parts: first, with reference to accompanying drawing 1, drilling fluid flows into lower an actor's rendering of an operatic tune 202 of deformed drills 2 through commutator 5 endoporus, through bit nozzle 204c, spray; Second portion, with reference to accompanying drawing 2a, drilling fluid by the capping through hole 302 in capping 3 through high pressure chest 201b, by inner flow passage 406, enter little conversion chamber 502, promote commutator 5 and rotate counterclockwise, and by Fig. 2 a, gone to the extreme position of Fig. 2 b, the drilling fluid that is simultaneously positioned at hammer 402 opposite sides in little conversion chamber 502 enters into low pressure chamber 201a by inner flow passage 405, through lower impressions 202, be pooled to bit nozzle 204c; Third part, with reference to accompanying drawing 2b, drilling fluid enters outer flow passage 403 by the interior aperture passage 501 of commutator 5, and outside promoting, hammer 401 clockwise rotates, jump bit 4 turns to the extreme position of accompanying drawing 2c in conversion chamber 201c, the fluid of conversion in the 201c of chamber enters earial drainage district 503 via 404, then the bottom hole on base plate 6 601 enters into lower impressions 202, is pooled to bit nozzle 204c.
In third part, interior hammer 402 drives commutator 5 to be clockwise to the extreme position of accompanying drawing 2c simultaneously, now high pressure chest 201b is communicated with inner flow passage 405, drilling fluid can start again flowing of second portion, by the capping through hole 302 in capping 3 through high pressure chest 201b, by inner flow passage 405, enter little conversion chamber 502, promote commutator 5 and be clockwise to the extreme position shown in accompanying drawing 2d, with reference to accompanying drawing 2d, now drilling fluid enters outer flow passage 404 by the interior aperture passage 501 of commutator 5, and outside promoting, the counterclockwise hour hands of hammer 401 rotate, interior hammer 402 drives commutator 5 counterclockwise simultaneously, jump bit 4 evils and commutator 5 together return to the extreme position of accompanying drawing 2a.So complete a reciprocating impact circulation of jump bit 4, and as long as keep flow velocity and the pressure of drilling fluid, jump bit 4 is the impact deformed drill 2 going round and beginning again with certain frequency, and high-frequency percussion passed to the PDC bit teeth 204d of one machine-shaping by body 204a.
During work, be arranged on drill string below the same with conventional bit of the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking of the present invention.The drilling fluid of the sliding PDC drill bit of the anti-sticking of flowing through promotes jump bit and behind rotation the position that reaching capacity between four kinds of extreme positions, impacts commutation.Like this, when turntable rotation dynamical system drives the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking to rotate, drill bit also bears that inner drilling fluid drives jump bit 4 and the torsional pulse energy of the certain frequency that produces, drill bit is in rotation scraping rock, also repeatedly knocking rock, eliminating or reduce the easy appearance when creeping into of PDC drill bit and block sliding phenomenon.
Below be only to realize a kind of method of the present invention, other way of realization based on this inventive principle within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an anti-sticking is slided PDC drill bit, mainly by deformed drill (2), capping (3), jump bit (4), commutator (5) forms, deformed drill (2) is the cylindrical of hollow, lower end is the PDC drill bit (204) of Integral design, capping (3), jump bit (4), commutator (5) is in deformed drill (2), it is characterized in that: the cavity of described deformed drill (2) sets up upper impression (201) and lower impressions (202) separately by convex edge in bottom, upper impression (201) inwall is axially prefabricated with low pressure chamber groove (201a), high pressure chest groove (201b) and conversion chamber groove (201c), low pressure chamber groove (201a) lower end UNICOM's lower impressions (202), jump bit (4) is enclosed within the upper shape chamber (201) of deformed drill (2), jump bit (4) tube wall is outwards extruded with outer hammer (401) and is inwardly extruded with interior hammer (402), its outer hammer (401) coordinates with conversion chamber groove (201c) rotation-limited of deformed drill (2), outside two of outer hammer (401), convex edge is radially prefabricated with respectively outer flow passage (403 and 404), interior convex edge along interior hammer (402) is prefabricated with respectively inner flow passage (405 and 406), and interior outer flow passage is by the inside and outside perforation of jump bit (4), commutator (5) is enclosed within jump bit (4), commutator (5) outer wall is axially provided with two parallel isolating bars (504) and a wide cut isolating bar (505), in wide cut isolating bar (505), establish and connect the inside and outside passage (501) of commutator, article two, the interior convex edge of parallel isolating bar (504) and interior hammer (402) forms rotation-limited and coordinates, the groove formation earial drainage district (503) between the parallel isolating bar (504) of wide cut isolating bar (505) and both sides, capping (3) is positioned at the upper surface of jump bit (4) and commutator (5), capping (3) is discoideus, be provided with capping centre bore (301) and capping through hole (302), capping through hole (302) connects with the high pressure chest groove (201b) of deformed drill (2) inwall.
2. anti-sticking according to claim 1 is slided PDC drill bit, it is characterized in that: in described jump bit (4), commutator (5) and deformed drill (2) bottom, the joint portion of convex edge is also provided with base plate (6), offers centre bore and bottom hole (601) on base plate (6); Described centre bore is communicated with upper impression (201) and lower impressions (202), and bottom hole (601) is communicated with lower impressions (202) and earial drainage district (503).
3. the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described commutator (5) inner chamber is also provided with nozzle (7).
4. the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking according to claim 2, is characterized in that: on the centre bore of described base plate (6), be also provided with nozzle (7).
5. according to the sliding PDC drill bit of the anti-sticking described in claim 1 or 2,3,4, it is characterized in that: described PDC drill bit (204) is comprised of wing (204b), bit nozzle (204c) and the bit teeth (204d) of body (204a), circle distribution.
6. the sliding PDC drill bit of anti-sticking according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described wing (204b) quantity is more than or equal to 3, and described bit nozzle (204c) quantity is more than or equal to 3.
7. anti-sticking according to claim 5 is slided PDC drill bit, it is characterized in that: the conversion chamber groove (201c) of deformed drill (2) is for semicircle, outer hammer (401) the convex edge length coordinating is with it 1/4th gardens, interior hammer (402) is symmetrical with outer hammer (401) axle center, the interior convex edge length of interior hammer (402) is 1/8th gardens, the low pressure chamber groove (201a) that is arranged on deformed drill (2) is symmetrical with conversion chamber groove (201c), and high pressure chest groove (201b) is symmetrically distributed in the both sides of low pressure chamber groove (201a).
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CN104314473A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-01-28 | 西南石油大学 | PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit tool capable of doing eccentric swing rotation |
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CN110318667A (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2019-10-11 | 潍坊中远重工科技有限公司 | A kind of efficient anticreep pressure rotary impact helicoid hydraulic motor |
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