A kind of method of budesonide S isomers ofthe R isomer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing budesonide S isomers ofthe high reactivity R isomer.
Background technology
Budesonide is a kind of glucocorticosteroid with efficient local anti-inflammatory effect that Sweden ABBofors researchs and develops.Budesonide, by two kinds of racemies formed with the ratio of about 1:1 with position isomer 22R and 22S of C-22 position, is locally used for the treatment of the skin caused by inflammation and allergy or respiratory symptom (as tetter, asthma and rhinitis) etc. clinically.
Dexbudesonide (R isomer) belongs to adrenal cortex hormones drug, it is the individual isomer of the budesonide C-22 position obtained by the method for chemosynthesis, 1.4 ~ 1.7 times that its local anti-inflammatory activity (rat auricle edema method) is budesonide, for 1.6 ~ 2 times of left budesonide (S isomer), be 13 times of dexamethasone; 1.5 times that local glucocorticoid effect (human vas contraction test) is budesonide, be 1.8 times of left budesonide; 2.0 times that the whole body glucocorticoid efficiency (involution of thymus test) of its subcutaneous administration is budesonide, be 6.7 times of left budesonide, be 1.7 times of dexamethasone, be 80 times of cortisone.This stronger glucocorticoid efficiency of dexbudesonide ascribes it to and glucocorticoid receptor has higher avidity, and its receptor affinity is about 1.4 times of budesonide, 11.2 times of dexamethasone, 280 times of cortisone.The budesonide now gone on the market by two kinds of racemies formed with the ratio of about 1:1 with position isomer 22R and 22S of C-22 position,
In existing document and patented method, prepare in the process of dexbudesonide and inevitably produce the left budesonide of a large amount of by products, as patent WO87/05028, WO92/11280 etc.In the method for bibliographical information, produce the S isomer of 15 ~ 20% to I haven't seen you for ages, and in refining process, have a large amount of R isomer discarded in the lump with S isomer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome when to prepare dexbudesonide existing in prior art and produce a large amount of S isomer, affect the yield problem of product, a kind of method utilizing budesonide S isomers ofthe high reactivity R isomer is provided.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
By a method for budesonide S isomers ofthe R isomer, get budesonide, carry out esterification with acetic anhydride and obtain budesonide acetic ester, formula II, then under the effect of strong oxidizer, be oxidized open loop, obtain 16-α hydroxy prednisonlone acetic ester, formula III; Butyraldehyde-n and the condensation of 16-α hydroxy prednisonlone acetic ester obtain budesonide acetic ester, formula IV, and hydrolysis, obtains dexbudesonide, formula I.
Contriver researches and develops discovery, and the R/S isomer mixture discarded can continue the raw material as preparing dexbudesonide by certain method.By recycling, improve the rate of utilization of raw material, reducing cost, and to environmental benefits.
Further, the esterification of budesonide is carried out in aprotic polar solvent.Preferably, one of following solvent or mixture is selected: methylene dichloride, chloroform, more preferably methylene dichloride.
Further, oxidative cleavage, carries out ring-opening reaction with strong oxidizer, and described strong oxidizer is selected from one of potassium permanganate, potassium bichromate, chromium trioxide or mixture.Preferably, oxidative cleavage low mass molecule alcohol, as solvent, adds Catalyzed by Formic Acid reaction.
Further, the method for budesonide S isomers ofthe R isomer, concrete operations are as follows: get the main mixing budesonide containing S-budesonide reclaimed in budesonide production process, be dissolved in methylene dichloride, be cooled to less than 0 DEG C, drip acetic anhydride, insulation reaction 10 ~ 60 minutes; Add the unreacted acid anhydrides of sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution washing removing, layering, organic layer is evaporated to dry, obtains budesonide acetic ester.
Then, budesonide acetic ester is dissolved in methyl alcohol, adds formic acid, and dissolve completely, be cooled to 5-13 DEG C, drip potassium permanganate solution, insulation reaction 1 ~ 2 is little, collecting by filtration filtrate, is concentrated into dry, obtains 16-α hydroxy prednisonlone acetic ester.
Using perchloric acid as solvent, nitrogen protection ,-30 ~-10 DEG C add butyraldehyde-n, are mixed, and add 16-α hydroxy prednisonlone acetic ester, insulation reaction 1 ~ 4 hour, after completion of the reaction, adds water, and filter, filter cake ethyl alcohol recrystallization, obtains dexbudesonide.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: the inventive method transformation efficiency is high, the rate of recovery is good, effectively the S isomer of budesonide can be converted into R isomer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with test example and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.Per-cent not specified in the present invention is all weight percentage.
Embodiment 1
Drop in a kettle. and reclaim budesonide (R/S=20/80) 50g, add methylene dichloride 200ml, stirring and dissolving is complete.Then be cooled to 0 DEG C, drip diacetyl oxide 15ml.Drip complete insulation reaction 30 minutes.Then with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution washing, layering.Dichloromethane layer is evaporated to dry, obtains budesonide acetic ester, formula II, yield.
Embodiment 2
Drop into the budesonide acetic ester 57g obtained in embodiment 1 in a kettle., add methyl alcohol 900ml, formic acid 10ml, heating for dissolving is complete.Then be cooled to 10 DEG C, drip 10% potassium permanganate solution 220ml, drip and finish, insulation reaction 1.5 hours.React completely, filter, filtrate reduced in volume, to dry, obtains 16-α hydroxy prednisonlone acetic ester, formula III, yield 85%.
Use potassium bichromate, chromium trioxide to replace potassium permanganate respectively, at identical conditions, carry out oxidative cleavage, yield is respectively 76% simultaneously, and 81%.
Embodiment 3
Drop into perchloric acid 600ml in a kettle., logical nitrogen, stirs.Be cooled to-20 DEG C and add butyraldehyde-n 23ml, then keep temperature to add the budesonide intermediate 48.7g obtained in embodiment 2.Insulation reaction 3 hours.React completely, poured into by reaction solution in 5L water, filter, filter cake ethyl alcohol recrystallization, obtains dexbudesonide acetic ester 32.4g, yield 64.8%.
R isomer: 99.2%
S isomer: 0.8%
Embodiment 4
According to patent WO92/11280 method, the hydrolysis of dexbudesonide acetic ester obtains dexbudesonide, yield 92.4%.
R isomer: 99.2%
S isomer: 0.8%
Embodiment 5
Drop into the budesonide acetic ester 50g obtained in embodiment 1 in a kettle., add methyl alcohol 900ml, formic acid 10ml, heating for dissolving is complete.Then be cooled to 10 DEG C, drip 20% potassium permanganate solution 200ml, drip and finish, insulation reaction 1.5 hours.React completely, filter, filtrate reduced in volume, to dry, obtains 16-α hydroxy prednisonlone acetic ester, formula III.