CN103693790A - Method for comprehensive reuse treatment of rare-earth sodium saponification wastewater - Google Patents
Method for comprehensive reuse treatment of rare-earth sodium saponification wastewater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for comprehensive reuse treatment of rare-earth sodium saponification wastewater. According to the method, the sodium saponification wastewater is firstly subjected to precipitation, ultrafiltration and degreasing pretreatment, and then, an electrodialysis system, a mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) system and nanofiltration treatment are adopted. According to the method, a pretreatment, membrane integration and MVR integrated technology is adopted to treat rare earth smelting wastewater in an innovative manner, final permeate is reused to production, the smelting wastewater is subjected to concentration and desalination by using respective characteristics of ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, a nano-filtration membrane and MVR, saline matters in the wastewater are transformed into solid crystals, desalinated water can be reused as pure water, and the wastewater and an extractant can be recovered, so that water resources are recycled; on the premise that a relatively high extractant and water recovery rate is achieved, industrial production operation is finally realized more economically, so that benefits for enterprises are created, the production and operating costs are lowered by over 30%, and the market competitiveness of rare earth smelting enterprises is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technique of rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling.
Background technology
Rare earth, as a kind of strategic resource, is subject to the great attention of world many countries always.Although the Rare-earth Industry of China proportion in whole national economy is very little, annual value of production is in 1,000,000,000 dollars, but because of its distinctive strategic position, be subject to the great attention of government agencies at all levels, over especially past 10 years, along with the development of rare-earth products in multinomial Application Areas, country also increases day by day to the concern of Rare-earth Industry and attention degree, repeatedly put into effect industry policy, promote on the one hand the optimized integral structure of Rare-earth Industry, promote on the other hand the development of rare-earth industry.Rare-earth smelting, it is the main method in Rare Earth Separation, in Rare-earth Industry chain in occupation of the position of forming a connecting link, be rare earth from raw ore to an indispensable link application, between more than 10 year, China's rare-earth smelting technological development is very fast in the past, the nearly various schools of thinkers of all kinds of rare-earth smelting enterprise that the whole nation is built, be one with fastest developing speed in domestic Rare-earth Industry, therefore, development rare-earth smelting industry energy-saving reduces discharging and the clearer production technology of water resources reuse has considerable meaning.
The source of saponification waste-water oil is mainly that Nd/Sm grouping, Ce/Pr are separated, P204 carries neodymium, La/Ce is separated, Pr/Nd is separated, in Ca/La sepn process, with P507+ kerosene+NaOH+HCl system, above-mentioned rare-earth mineral is carried out to separating and extracting.P507 belongs to extraction agent, kerosene, and to belong to organic solvent, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid be auxiliary chemical raw materials, and in waste water, the source of oil is exactly remaining a large amount of organic phases of being combined formation with P507 in liquid more than the extraction after extract.It is acid that saponification waste-water is, yellowish brown, and muddiness, the water yield is larger, and principal pollutant are rare earth particle suspensions, oils, ammonia nitrogen and sodium ion;
Rare earth is non-renewable grand strategy resource, and the application in each department of national economy is increasingly extensive.Through years development, China's Rare-earth Industry scale constantly expands, but still has the problems such as illegal mining, production capacity surplus, environmental destruction and the wasting of resources in rare-earth trade development, has had a strong impact on the sound development of industry.Statistic data demonstration, at present, the rare earth reserves of China account for the whole world 36%, the output Ze Zhan world 97%.Due to excessive exploitation, the rare earth resources reserves of China decline rapidly, and the problem of environmental pollution in Rare Earth Production process becomes increasingly conspicuous.Take ammonia nitrogen as example, and the annual wastewater flow rate producing of rare-earth trade reaches more than 2,000 ten thousand tons, and ammonia-nitrogen content 300～5000mg/L wherein exceeds tens times of discharging standards to hundreds of times.Due to the pollutant emission standard not having for rare-earth industry feature, for a long time, environmental impact assessment, design and the final acceptance of construction etc. of rare-earth industry enterprise pollution thing discharge management and construction project, can only carry out comprehensive pollutant emission standard, the feature pollutent discharging in rare-earth trade production process fails to be effectively controlled all the time.
Therefore rare-earth smelting belongs to hydrometallurgy, can produce a large amount of waste water in process of production, particularly rare earth chloride to a large amount of high density producing in carbonated rare earth or rare earth oxide conversion process containing ammonium or acid waste water.High density ammoniated wastewater is more difficult, there is no so far effective treating method.Acid waste water is because it is that the mixing solutions cycling and reutilization of oxalic acid and hydrochloric acid is very difficult, and the improvement that makes this waste water is the Focal point and difficult point of rare-earth smelting factory environmental improvement always.Domestic rare-earth smelting factory generally adopts acid-base neutralisation method to process rear qualified discharge using it as waste water, this has not only wasted resource, has increased the weight of the burden of environment protection simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process, can carry out comprehensive treating process to rare earth saponification waste-water waste water.For this reason, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process, is characterized in that it carries out the pre-treatment of step (1) and (2) to sodium saponification waste-water:
(1), with settling tank and ultrafiltration system, sodium saponification waste-water is processed, sodium saponification waste-water is introduced into settling tank and precipitates, and water outlet enters ultrafiltration system, and ultrafiltration system produces the processing that water enters step (2), and dense water returns settling tank precipitation;
(2), with oil removing system, process the processing that oil removing system product water enters step (3);
(3), with electrodialysis system, process, the dense water after electrodialysis system is processed enters step (4), and fresh water enters step (5) and processes;
(4), by mechanical Compressible (MVR) system of evaporating again, process, after strong brine after MVR system is processed is centrifugal by crystallization, become solid salt, evaporation condensed water enters step (5) and processes;
(5), by nanofiltration system, electrodialytic fresh water in the evaporation condensed water of MVR system in step (4) and step (3) is processed, nanofiltration system is produced water and is used in plant area as pure water, and dense water enters to return the electrodialysis system feed-water end of step (3) to be processed again.
Adopting on the basis of technique scheme, the present invention also can adopt following further technical scheme:
In step (1), the rate of recovery of ultrafiltration is controlled at more than 95%, and the clearance of suspended solids total amount is reached more than 95%; Product water quality parameter after step (1) is processed is: NaCl=10-15%(mass percent), and TSS<10mg/L; Rare earth ion is 35-55mg/L, and oil content is 10-30mg/L;
In step (2), after processing, produce the oil content concentration≤3mg/L of water.
After described waste water is concentrated by step (3) electrodialysis, the sodium chloride concentration of dense water is higher than 15%(mass percent) concentration, and the sodium-chlor of fresh water is lower than 0.3% concentration.
After described step (4), MVR system is solid sodium chloride crystal by strong brine crystallization.
Nanofiltration system is produced the sodium chloride content <0.002%(mass percent of water).
The membrane module that ultrafiltration system adopts is tubular fibre diaphragm, and mould material is selected from polypropylene, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride, polyethersulfone.
The membrane module that nanofiltration system adopts is rolled membrane module, and mould material is selected from polymeric amide, polysulfones, polyethersulfone.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, technique of the present invention has following technique effect:
(1), development of new degreasing technique, organism that oils etc. in waste water causes COD, suspended substance etc. are removed in pre-treatment, prevent pollution and the obstruction of film, make waste water more efficient, stable in the integrated processing of subsequent film, and reclaim oiliness extraction agent, produce water oil content <3mg/L, can enter follow-up electrodialysis/nanofiltration system;
(2), utilize electrodialytic membranes, smelting wastewater is carried out to desalination and concentration, sodium chloride concentration can be concentrated into more than 15%;
(3), the fresh water after electrodialysis process is carried out to advanced desalination, nanofiltration system is produced the sodium chloride content <0.002% of water, can direct reuse to production plant, really realize zero release;
(4) utilize MVR vapo(u)rization system, thoroughly change salinity into solid, as Industrial Salt, use, reduced greatly the wastewater discharge of environment, and evaporation condensed water can re-treatment, final water becomes pure water reuse;
(5), adoption of innovation " pre-treatment+membrane integrating technique+MVR " technical finesse rare earth metallurgy, to finally see through liquid is back in production, utilize ultrafiltration, electrodialysis, nanofiltration membrane, MVR feature separately, smelting wastewater is carried out to concentrating and desalinating processing, in waste water, salinity changes solid crystal into, and fresh water can be used as pure water reuse;
(6), reclaim waste water, extraction agent, recycle water resources, reduces production costs;
(7), after electrodialytic membranes is concentrated, in waste water, salts contg improves more than 2 times, effectively reduces the water yield that enters MVR vaporizer, reduces greatly running cost;
(8), innovation ground will mate between membrane integrating technique, membrane integrating technique and extraction agent reclaim, realization is reaching under the prerequisite of higher extraction agent, the water rate of recovery, finally realize in more economical way suitability for industrialized production operation, for enterprise's create beneficial result, reduce by 30% above production run cost, improve the market competitiveness of rare-earth smelting enterprise.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of rare earth saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, to entering the rare earth sodium saponification waste-water of technique of the present invention, first carry out the pre-treatment of step (1) and (2): by precipitation and ultrafiltration system, sodium saponification waste-water is processed, by precipitation, remove large particulate matter, by ultrafiltration (UF), remove small granular suspended matters and colloid; In step (1), the rate of recovery of ultrafiltration is controlled at more than 95%, and the clearance of suspended solids total amount TSS is reached more than 90%.Above-mentioned parameter also can be adjusted according to the needs of subsequent disposal.Ultrafiltration system produces the processing that water enters step (2), and dense water enters settling tank precipitation.Product water quality parameter after step (1) is processed is: NaCl=10-15%(mass percent), and TSS<10mg/L; Rare earth ion is 35-55mg/L, and oil content is 10-30mg/L; The membrane module that ultrafiltration system adopts can adopt tubular fibre diaphragm, and mould material is selected from polypropylene, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride, polyethersulfone.
(2), with oil removing system, process, the product water of oil removing system guarantees oil-contg (being mainly Rare Earth Production extraction agent, as P204/P507) <3mg/L, and oil content reclaims, and produces and enters subsequent step (3);
(3), with electrodialysis system, process, electrodialysis system concentrates pretreated waste water, and concentrated concentration is in 15%(mass percent) more than, concentrated solution enters MVR system, and fresh water salinity <100mg/L enters nanofiltration system.
(4), by MVR system, process, MVR is by 15%(mass percent) saponification waste-water of above salinity continue concentrated, and crystallization, finally, waste water salinity is separated out with sodium chloride crystal form, and this crystal can be used as Industrial Salt and uses, and evaporation condensate enters step (5) processing.
(5), by nanofiltration system, process, in dense water after nanofiltration system is processed, salt concn is the electrodialysis system feed-water end that more than 0.8% (mass percent) returns to step (3), and fresh water salt content is lower than 0.002%(mass percent) as reuse water reuse to Rare Earth Production workshop; The membrane module that nanofiltration system adopts can adopt rolled membrane module, and mould material is selected from polymeric amide, polysulfones, polyethersulfone.
(6), by above-mentioned step process, not only can reclaim oil content, water resources, sodium-chlor, and with respect to direct evaporation, running cost can directly be fallen more than 30%, has good economic benefit, environmental benefit.
Below above-mentioned treatment system is further described:
1, ultrafiltration (UF) system
In technique of the present invention, pre-treatment waste water has adopted ultrafiltration (UF) technique, the operation scheme of this ultrafiltration (UF) system adopts cross flow filter mode, dense water refluxes, and be aided with frequent gas, water backwash technology, to guarantee the water production rate of film system stability, and improve the water use efficiency of system, also make system operation more stable.
Ultrafiltration system comprises the equipment such as pre-filtrating equipment, ultra-filtration equipment, backwash oxygenant chemicals dosing plant and backwashing pump.Ultra-filtration membrane isolation technique has that floor space is little, effluent quality good, level of automation high.Native system adopts the tubular fibre that material is macromolecular material, its surface active layer is fine and close, supporting layer is spongy network structure, therefore withstand voltage, antipollution, long service life, and can guarantee for a long time to produce water water quality, colloid, suspended particle, colourity, turbidity, bacterium, larger molecular organics are had to good separating power, guarantee the normal operation of nanofiltration (NF) system and Bipolar Membrane system.
Ultra-filtration equipment design adopts modular design, and operation adopts the full-automatic continuously-running duty of cross flow filter, water backwash.Ultra-filtration equipment is arranged on line chemical cleaning system.
2, nanofiltration (NF) system
Be a kind ofly to take pressure as motivating force, overcome osmotic pressure, make neat solvent from the mobile process of highly concentrated solution one side direction low concentration solution.Nanofiltration membrane has compared with Hyposmolality with respect to reverse osmosis, can both economical concentrated various solutes.Nanofiltration has different rejection to monovalent ion and polyvalent ion, can effectively separate monovalent ion and polyvalent ion.That Nanofiltration Membrane Separation Technology has is high without phase transformation, thickening efficiency, can carry out at normal temperatures, without chemical transformation, energy-conservation, equipment is simple, sanitation degree is high, easy to operate and level of automation advantages of higher.Nanofiltration membrane is mainly used in water resources reuse, heavy metal recovery, inorganic salt and organism concentration and recovery etc. for wastewater treatment.
Nanofiltration is mainly that electrodialysis fresh water is further concentrated for rare earth saponification waste-water, and the fresh water of nanofiltration can be directly as pure water reuse.
3, oil removing system
For the certain specific sewage of temperature, oil droplet ascent rate is directly proportional to oil bead diameter square.If manage to make oil bead diameter to increase before sewage sedimentation, can strengthen oil droplet ascent rate, and then the downward flow velocity of sewage is strengthened, just can improve oil removal efficiency.Coalescence (coalescent) can reach the object that increases oil bead diameter.When oily(waste)water is flowed through the coarse bed that lipophilicity material forms; disperse oil droplet in the wetting absorption of material surface; material surface is almost encased by oil entirely; the oil droplet that stream comes is again above more wetting being attached to, and the continuous coalescent expansion of oil droplet also forms oil film, under buoyancy and reverse flow shock action; oil film starts to come off; in water, still form oil droplet, but larger than the oil bead diameter before coalescent, thereby reach the object of coarse.
The oil removing system adopting in this technology (extraction agent recovery system) is to adopt a kind of coarse filtrate to reclaim extraction agent, the oil (extraction agent) in energy recovering rare earth saponification waste-water, and can control the lower oleaginousness of water outlet.
4, MVR system
Mechanical steam recompression (MVR) vaporizer, its principle is the secondary steam that utilizes high energy efficiency vapour compressor Compression Evaporation to produce, improve the pressure and temperature of secondary steam, the secondary steam that is enhanced heat energy is squeezed into evaporator room and is heated, to reach the existing calorific potential of recycle secondary steam, thereby can not need outside fresh steam, by vaporizer self-circulation, realize the object of evaporation concentration.By forms such as PLC, industrial computer (FA), configurations, come Controlling System temperature, pressure, motor rotary speed, keeping system evaporation balance.Theoretically, use MVR vaporizer to save more than 80% energy than conventional evaporator, save more than 90% water of condensation, reduce more than 50% floor space.
Utilize MVR system to process the soda soap waste water after concentrating, have the features such as energy-conservation, efficient, after MVR crystallization, sodium-chlor can be changed into solid sodium chloride crystal.
5, electrodialysis (ED) system
To be a kind of selection perviousness of utilizing film carry out separated and reach a kind of membrane separation plant of desalination, the expection object such as concentrated the charged ionogen in water and neutral species in electrodialysis.The major parts of electrodialyzer is yin, yang ion-exchange membrane, dividing plate and electrode three parts.The compartment that dividing plate forms is the passage of liquid stream process.The compartment of material process is desalting chamber, and the compartment of dense water process is concentration compartments.Under the effect of DC electric field, utilize the selection perviousness of ion-exchange membrane, positively charged ion sees through anode membrane, and negatively charged ion sees through cavity block, and the ion of desalting chamber moves to concentration compartments, and the ion of concentration compartments cannot move to desalting chamber due to the selection perviousness of film.The salt concentration of light like this chamber reduces gradually, the corresponding rising gradually of salt concentration of adjacent concentration compartments.In waste water inorganic salt divide and carry out desalination or concentrated.
Claims (7)
1. rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process, is characterized in that it carries out the pre-treatment of step (1) and (2) to sodium saponification waste-water:
(1), with settling tank and ultrafiltration system, sodium saponification waste-water is processed, sodium saponification waste-water is introduced into settling tank and precipitates, and water outlet enters ultrafiltration system, and ultrafiltration system produces the processing that water enters step (2), and dense water returns settling tank precipitation;
(2), with oil removing system, process the processing that oil removing system product water enters step (3);
(3), with electrodialysis system, process, the dense water after electrodialysis system is processed enters step (4), and fresh water enters step (5) and processes;
(4), by mechanical Compressible (MVR) system of evaporating again, process, after strong brine after MVR system is processed is centrifugal by crystallization, become solid salt, evaporation condensed water enters step (5) and processes;
(5), by nanofiltration system, electrodialytic fresh water in the evaporation condensed water of MVR system in step (4) and step (3) is processed, nanofiltration system is produced water and is used in plant area as pure water, and dense water enters to return the electrodialysis system feed-water end of step (3) to be processed again.
2. rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the rate of recovery of ultrafiltration is controlled at more than 95% in step (1), and the clearance of suspended solids total amount is reached more than 95%; Product water quality parameter after step (1) is processed is: NaCl=10-15%(mass percent), and TSS<10mg/L; Rare earth ion is 35-55mg/L, and oil content is 10-30mg/L.
3. rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that in step (2), produces the oil content concentration≤3mg/L of water after processing.
4. the rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process as described in claim 1,2 or 3, after it is characterized in that described waste water is concentrated by step (3) electrodialysis, the sodium chloride concentration of dense water is higher than 15%(mass percent) concentration, and the sodium-chlor of fresh water is lower than 0.3% concentration.
5. rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, after described step (4), MVR system is solid sodium chloride crystal by strong brine crystallization.
6. rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that nanofiltration system produces the sodium chloride content <0.002%(mass percent of water).
7. rare earth sodium saponification waste-water comprehensive recycling treatment process as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described oil removing system adopts coarse bed.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104591459A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-06 | 蓝星环境工程有限公司 | Acid and alkali resource recovery process technology from sodium saponification waste water |
| CN106904784A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-06-30 | 北京中科康仑环境科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of recycling treatment process of rare earth soda soap raffinate |
| CN107043192A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-15 | 北京中科康仑环境科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of integrated conduct method of Rare-earth Ammonia soap raffinate |
| CN109336308A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-15 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | A kind of circulating household water purifier and domestic water purifying machine |
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| CN101397152A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-01 | 旭化成化学株式会社 | Brine treatment method |
| CN103086551A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-08 | 杭州蓝然环境技术有限公司 | Method for preparing acid-base from rare-earth sodium saponification waste water |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101397152A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-01 | 旭化成化学株式会社 | Brine treatment method |
| CN103086551A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-05-08 | 杭州蓝然环境技术有限公司 | Method for preparing acid-base from rare-earth sodium saponification waste water |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104591459A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-05-06 | 蓝星环境工程有限公司 | Acid and alkali resource recovery process technology from sodium saponification waste water |
| CN106904784A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-06-30 | 北京中科康仑环境科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of recycling treatment process of rare earth soda soap raffinate |
| CN107043192A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-08-15 | 北京中科康仑环境科技研究院有限公司 | A kind of integrated conduct method of Rare-earth Ammonia soap raffinate |
| CN109336308A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-15 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | A kind of circulating household water purifier and domestic water purifying machine |
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