CN103691282B - A kind of method utilizing hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare sodium carbonate - Google Patents

A kind of method utilizing hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare sodium carbonate Download PDF

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CN103691282B
CN103691282B CN201310697649.9A CN201310697649A CN103691282B CN 103691282 B CN103691282 B CN 103691282B CN 201310697649 A CN201310697649 A CN 201310697649A CN 103691282 B CN103691282 B CN 103691282B
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decarburization
acid gas
hydrogen sulfide
sodium
naoh
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CN103691282A (en
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崔平
曲克林
张超群
刘祥
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Anhui University of Technology AHUT
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of method utilizing hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare sodium carbonate, belongs to technical field of decarburization.First the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of the cushioning liquid containing NaOH and sodium acid carbonate and non-decarburization is carried out hybrid reaction and absorbs carbon dioxide in acid gas and partial vulcanization hydrogen by the inventive method, obtain the decarburization rich solution containing sodium acid carbonate and NaHS, then decarburization rich solution is heated, make the NaHS generation hydrolysis in decarburization rich solution, change into NaOH, hydrolysis generate NaOH and decarburization rich solution in free alkali and reaction of sodium bicarbonate generate sodium carbonate, the final Formed acid sodium-salt of carbon dioxide in acid gas is fixed, in the final sucked back acid gas of hydrogen sulfide that hydrolysis generates.The inventive method can from acid gas effective carbon dioxide removal and change into useful products sodium carbonate, carbon-drop rate reaches 60% ~ 90%.

Description

A kind of method utilizing hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare sodium carbonate
Technical field:
The invention belongs to technical field of decarburization, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare sodium carbonate.The method employing " cushioning liquid carbon rejection processes " removes the carbon dioxide in acid gas, and is made into sodium carbonate.
Background technology:
At chemical fields such as Coal Chemical Industry, petrochemical industry, gas chemical industry, chemical fertilizer industries, gas purification is the important technology of each class chemical process with being separated, and wherein gas decarbonization technology is separated at chemical fertilizer industry, flue gas, all extensive uses of the techniques such as purified synthesis gas.And gas decarbonization technology and desulfur technology are associated both at home and abroad, that is gas has decarburization function while desulfurization.Can be divided into dry desulfurization decarburization and wet desulphurization decarburization by technology category, dry method adopts solid absorbent to be called pressure swing adsorption method, and wet method solution washing absorbs.Wet method is divided into again four kinds, as chemical-solvent method, and physical solvent process, physical-chemical solvent method, and direct translation method.Chemical-solvent method utilizes alkaline solution and acid gas component to react generate certain compound and separated from gas by acid gas component, as activated hot potash method, hydramine method (monoethanolamine MEA process, diethanol amine DEA process, diglycolamine DGA method, diisopropanolamine (DIPA) DIPA method, methyl diethanolamine MDEA method and sterically hindered amines, mixing hydramine, formula alkanolamine solution etc.).Physical solvent process utilizes some solvent to H 2s, CO 2the method that acid gas component is separated by the difference of solubility, as many glycol dimethyl ethers Selexol method, propene carbonate Fluor method, cold methanol Rectisol method.Physics-chemical method is that to have the solution of physics and chemistry method concurrently used in combination, conventional hydramine, physical solvent and water are mixed into physical chemistry solvent, typical physical-chemical method has sulfone amine Sulfinolifc1, comprise DIPA-sulfolane (Sulfinol-D method, sulfone amine II method, MDEA-sulfolane process, Sulfinol-M method, sulfone amine III method, also have Amisol, Selefining, Selefinig, Optisol and Flexsorb mixing SE method in addition.Direct translation method is exactly wet oxidation process, or claims oxidation-reduction method, and be widely used in tail gas desulfurization and the decarburizations such as oven gas, water-gas, synthesis gas, what belong to this method has vanadium method, as ADA-NaVO 3method, tannin extract-NaVO 3method; Iron processes, as LO-Cat method, Sulferox method, EDTA complex iron, FD and iron alkaline process etc.
In existing decarburization technique, chemical fertilizer industry adopts the carbon rejection processes such as WATER-WASHING METHOD, Benfield method, propene carbonate method; Syngas for synthetic ammonia adopts the carbon rejection processes such as hot potash method-amion acetic acid method, NHD method, MDEA solution absorption method, sterically hindered ammonia process; Purified synthesis gas adopts low-temp methanol method, pressure swing adsorption method; Flue gas desulfurization decarburization adopts ammonia process.At petroleum chemical industry, generally adopt Claus method process acid gas to produce sulphur so far, acid gas does not make carbonization treatment, and carbon dioxide gas enters environment with Claus tail gases, or enters environment after burning with tail gas.
It is hydrogen sulfide that petrochemical plant acid gas mainly forms, and in addition containing partial CO 2, acid gas NaHS or vulcanized sodium are most economical methods, but carbon dioxide exists the quality of interference NaHS or vulcanized sodium, and therefore decarburization necessitates.Domestic acid gas NaHS technique only has a set of acid gas decarbonization device, and technology is introduced from Japan, manages jointly with two Japan factories, and device is now located at three limited chemical companies of association of Shandong region.This device adopts the decarburization of hydramine method, device comprises alkanolamine solution cyclic absorption and alkanolamine solution circular regeneration two parts, alkanolamine solution energy absorbing carbon dioxide, also can absorbing hydrogen sulphide, there is no obvious absorption selectivity, therefore separate out carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide during solvent reclamation and become secondary pollution source, resolution gas must carry out desulfurization process just can enter environment.In recent years environmental regulation promulgates strict foul smell discharge standard to exhaust emissions, and Claus tail gases is adopted hydrotreatment by part oil plant, and sulfur dioxide gas is reduced to stink damp, then reducing gases is returned solvent desulfurizer.Visible, hydramine method is traditional decarbonization, desulfuration technology, and for the acid gas occasion that there is hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide simultaneously, MDEA solution can not wash rice separate hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide clearly.The processing of oil plant acid gas requires acid gas carbon dioxide removal before preparing NaHS technique neutralizing treatment absorbing hydrogen sulphide.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to existing decarburization technique Problems existing, provide a kind of hydrogen sulfide acid gas that utilizes to prepare sodium carbonate.
A kind of concrete steps utilizing hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare the method for sodium carbonate provided by the present invention are as follows:
(1) cushioning liquid and the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of non-decarburization are carried out the carbon dioxide in the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of non-decarburization described in hybrid reaction absorption and partial vulcanization hydrogen, obtain the decarburization rich solution containing sodium acid carbonate and NaHS;
Described cushioning liquid is the alkali lye containing NaOH and sodium acid carbonate; In described alkali lye, sodium acid carbonate comes from the absorption reaction of NaOH to the carbon dioxide in the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of described non-decarburization, in described alkali lye, the mass concentration of NaOH is 10% ~ 40%, the pH value of described alkali lye is 8 ~ 12, the time of described hybrid reaction is 10 ~ 40 seconds, described hybrid reaction temperature is 50 ~ 100 DEG C, the internal circulating load of described alkali lye for described in non-decarburization hydrogen sulfide acid gas in 30 ~ 100 times of carbon dioxide quality.
(2) heat the decarburization rich solution that described step (1) obtains, make the NaHS generation hydrolysis in decarburization rich solution, change into NaOH, and analyse release hydrogen sulfide gas return acid gas system; Free alkali in the NaOH that described hydrolysis generates and described decarburization rich solution and reaction of sodium bicarbonate generate sodium carbonate; Described hydrolysising reacting temperature: 70 ~ 100 DEG C, described hydrolysis pressure :-0.01 ~-0.09MPa.
The final Formed acid sodium-salt of carbon dioxide in the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of described non-decarburization is fixed, and in the final sucked back acid gas of hydrogen sulfide in described non-decarburization acid gas.
The inventive method comprises:
(1) adopt alkaline buffer solution, controlling absorption is carried out to hydrogen sulfide and selective absorbing is carried out to carbon dioxide.
(2) adopt thermal decomposition effect heating decarburization rich solution, the NaHS aqueous solution is hydrolyzed, analyse releasing hydrogen sulfide gas and return acid gas system, and change into NaOH.Reaction of sodium bicarbonate in the NaOH that hydrolysis generates and the free alkali of solution and rich solution generates sodium carbonate.The final Formed acid sodium-salt of carbon dioxide in acid gas is fixed, and in the final sucked back acid gas of hydrogen sulfide.
Now the know-why of the inventive method is expressed as follows:
1, adopt cushioning liquid to suppress and incur loss through delay the absorption of hydrogen sulfide.Hydrogen sulfide is different with carbon dioxide two component dissolving course in the solution, after hydrogen sulfide is delivered to liquid phase from gas phase, the corresponding dividing potential drop that there is hydrogen sulfide on liquid level, the hydrogen sulfide molecule be dissolved in liquid level dissociation can be transformed into ionic state by molecular state immediately, dividing potential drop corresponding on liquid level also disappears thereupon, and favourable its of rapid ionization process of hydrogen sulfide dissolves and absorb.Be expressed as with chemical equation:
Gas phase interface liquid phase
H 2S H 2S H ＋HS －
If solution has alkali compounds or alkali ion, the sulphur hydrogen ion (HS in liquid phase -) rapidly and basic ion be combined into salt.NaOH+H ++HS －==NaHS+H ++OH －
The solution absorption of the more large more favourable hydrogen sulfide of basicity.But when the basicity in solution is little, and in solution, there is abundant bicarbonate radical (HCO 3 -) ion time, due to the difference of Acidity, bicarbonate ion is easy to sulphur hydrogen ion to cement out from molecules of salt.Chemistry is referred to as displacement.
Na-HS+H ++HCO 3 －==Na ++HCO 3 －+HS －＋H +
↓
NaHS+H ++HCO 3 －==Na-HCO 3+H 2S↑
When solution exists sufficient sodium acid carbonate component, or absorb dioxide solution when containing sufficient carbonic acid, the absorption of hydrogen sulfide is suppressed.
Sufficient carbonic acid or bicarbonate ion is had to exist in order to make solution, be necessary for absorption process and the sufficient time is provided, compensate carbon dioxide in the time of dissolving and dissociation process generation hydration reaction consumes, provide and meet the basicity condition that carbon dioxide absorption reaction generates sodium acid carbonate.
2, thermal decomposition is adopted to make decarburization absorption liquid remove hydrogen sulfide.When concentration of hydrogen sulfide in acid gas is very high, gas concentration lwevel is not bery high, the absorbed probability of hydrogen sulfide increases, and there is NaHS probability and increase in absorbing liquid.In order to ensure the quality of decarburization end article, need hydrogen sulfide decomposition and separation from absorbing liquid to go out.Be hydrolyzed during the heating of the NaHS aqueous solution, separate out hydrogen sulfide and change into NaOH.
NaHS+H 2O＝NaOH+H 2S↑,
This hydrolysis is reversible in theory, but separates out hydrogen sulfide after sucked back acid gas system, broken above-mentioned molecular balance, above-mentioned reaction is in fact irreversible.In order to ensure the irreversible of above reaction, the present invention adopts heating hydrolysis and negative-pressure ward.Heating hydrolysis temperature controls between 70 ~ 100 DEG C, and pressure is in-0.01 ~-0.09Mpa scope.Under vacuum heating conditions, separate out hydrogen sulfide gas, the NaOH of generation and reaction of sodium bicarbonate generate sodium carbonate, thus are fixed with the form of sodium carbonate salt by carbon dioxide.
NaHCO 3+NaOH＝Na 2CO 3+H 2O
The inventive method solve from acid gas with in soda absorbing carbon dioxide process to the decrease uptake of hydrogen sulfide and absorb after decomposition and separation technical problem, adopt sodium bicarbonate buffer solution from acid gas carbon dioxide removal technical method can from acid gas effective carbon dioxide removal, and useful products sodium carbonate salt can be changed into.Carbon-drop rate can reach 60% ~ 90%.The mass ratio of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in carbon dioxide content and acid gas in acid gas is depended in the determination of carbon-drop rate height.Decarbonization process unit operations does not produce secondary pollution source, and obtains qualified products.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 the inventive method process flow diagram.
In figure: A: non-decarburization acid gas, B: acid gas after decarburization, C: the new alkali lye of decarburization, D: cooling water, E: pyrolysis periodic off-gases, F: heating steam, G: sodium carbonate, V: drying discharges steam, Q: decarburization rich solution, L: decarburization circulation alkali liquor, S: hot blast, R: condensed water, 1: decarburizing reaction groove, 2: tubular-mix reactor, 3: segregator, 4: circulation alkali pump, 5: thermal decomposer, 6: drier.
Detailed description of the invention:
As shown in Figure 1, non-decarburization acid gas A is sprayed suction by decarburization circulation alkali liquor L at tubular-mix reactor 2 in the inventive method concrete operations, absorbs carbon dioxide in acid gas and partial vulcanization hydrogen with alkali lye hybrid reaction.Alkali lye after reactive absorption acid gas enters decarburizing reaction groove 1 and sufficient dwell time, bicarbonate ion in alkali lye and NaHS react, sulphur hydrogen radical ion is cemented out from NaHS molecules of salt, produce displacement to hydrogen sulfide, partial vulcanization hydrogen molecule again leaves alkali lye and returns acid gas B after decarburization.Decarburization circulation alkali liquor main component is sodium acid carbonate, and according to pH value or the free alkali concentration of acid gas amount of carbon dioxide determination circulation alkali liquor, the new alkali lye C of decarburization adds before circulation alkali pump 4.Part decarburization rich solution Q after the absorbing carbon dioxide of decarburizing reaction groove 1 and partial vulcanization hydrogen delivers to thermal decomposer 5 and heat-treats, to be absorbed and the NaHS generated issues the hydrogen sulfide gas that parses estranged in heat effect discharges thermal decomposer 5 with pyrolysis periodic off-gases E, sucked by tubular-mix reactor 2 after segregator 3 cools and be mixed into row decarburization absorption with non-decarburization acid gas and react.NaOH after hydrogen sulfide separated out by thermal decomposer 5 and reaction of sodium bicarbonate generate sodium carbonate.It is dry that sodium carbonate liquor concentrated in thermal decomposer 5 is sent to drier 6 hot blast S, and dried solid sodium carbonate G is by packing machine packed products.Dry off-gas V enters environment through cleaning, and the condensed liquid of segregator 3 joins alkali lye recycling as decarburization.

Claims (1)

1. utilize hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare a method for sodium carbonate, it is characterized in that the method concrete steps are as follows:
(1) cushioning liquid and the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of non-decarburization are carried out the carbon dioxide in the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of non-decarburization described in hybrid reaction absorption and partial vulcanization hydrogen, obtain the decarburization rich solution containing sodium acid carbonate and NaHS;
Described cushioning liquid is the alkali lye containing NaOH and sodium acid carbonate; In described alkali lye, sodium acid carbonate comes from the absorption reaction of NaOH to the carbon dioxide in the hydrogen sulfide acid gas of described non-decarburization, in described alkali lye, the mass concentration of NaOH is 10% ~ 40%, the pH value of described alkali lye is 8 ~ 12, the time of described hybrid reaction is 10 ~ 40 seconds, described hybrid reaction temperature is 50 ~ 100 DEG C, the internal circulating load of described alkali lye for described in non-decarburization hydrogen sulfide acid gas in 30 ~ 100 times of carbon dioxide quality;
(2) heat the decarburization rich solution that described step (1) obtains, make the NaHS generation hydrolysis in decarburization rich solution, change into NaOH, and analyse release hydrogen sulfide gas return acid gas system; Free alkali in the NaOH that described hydrolysis generates and described decarburization rich solution and reaction of sodium bicarbonate generate sodium carbonate; Described hydrolysising reacting temperature: 70 ~ 100 DEG C, described hydrolysis pressure :-0.01 ~-0.09MPa.
CN201310697649.9A 2013-12-18 2013-12-18 A kind of method utilizing hydrogen sulfide acid gas to prepare sodium carbonate Expired - Fee Related CN103691282B (en)

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CN105731387B (en) * 2014-12-06 2017-08-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of method and device that sodium acid carbonate is prepared by sour gas
CN105727715B (en) * 2014-12-06 2018-04-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of Acidic Gas Treating technique and system
CN105731496B (en) * 2014-12-06 2017-10-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 It is a kind of that sodium acid carbonate is produced by sour gas and the method and device of hydrogen sulfide is purified
CN105731501B (en) * 2014-12-06 2017-06-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of utilization sour gas produces the method and device of solid sodium bicarbonate
CN105731502B (en) * 2014-12-06 2017-12-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of method and device that sodium acid carbonate and hydrogen sulfide gas are produced using sour gas
CN105727714B (en) * 2014-12-06 2018-04-10 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of process and device for producing NaHS
CN105731497B (en) * 2014-12-06 2017-07-14 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of utilization sour gas produces the method and device of sodium acid carbonate
CN106187679A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-12-07 山东聊城中盛蓝瑞化工有限公司 The recycling system and method for carbon dioxide in a kind of chlorinated hydrocabon hydrolysis tail gas

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JP3501465B2 (en) * 1997-05-21 2004-03-02 ターボタック テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド Removal of contaminants from gas streams in rayon production.
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