CN103688684B - Adjusting device and adjusting method for grading sieve piece opening of combine harvester - Google Patents
Adjusting device and adjusting method for grading sieve piece opening of combine harvester Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an adjusting device and an adjusting method for the grading sieve piece opening of a combine harvester. The device is mainly formed by a grading sieve frame, a shaking plate, a grading sieve piece assembly, a tail sieve and a grain grading loss monitoring sensor, wherein the shaking plate, the grading sieve piece assembly and the tail sieve are fixed on the grading sieve frame in sequence from front to back, and the grain grading loss monitoring sensor is arranged at the tail end of the grading sieve frame. When the combine harvester works, the loss amount detected by the grain grading loss monitoring sensor is taken as sampling information, and the sieve piece opening of a chaffer is adjusted in real time by a grading sieve piece opening adjusting structure according to a built mathematic model between the grain grading loss and the grading sieve piece opening, so that the grading loss of the combine harvester is controlled within a specified range. The device and the method not only benefit the improvement of the intellectualization level of harvest machinery in China, but also benefit the improvement of the operation efficiency and quality of machines and tools, and have wide theoretical significance and application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is adjusting means and the control method of a kind of combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture, belongs to combined harvester
With seed cleaning sieve design and combined harvester intelligentized control method field.
Background technology
For improving harvest machinery cleaning efficiency, harvest machinery sorting screen is actively developed research by domestic scholars.Such as patent
(CN1817082) the sieve of cleaning related to uses longitudinal divisions combinative structure, and cleaning material according to difference has wire gauze sieve and fish
The conjunction of squama screen banks or stamped sieve and lip(ped) sieve are combined.In patent (CN200938776), upper sieve leading portion uses long waist type stamped sieve,
It is staggered, there is more preferable sieving area, accelerate the saturating screen capacity of Brassica campestris L seed；Rear end is lip(ped) sieve, the most as early as possible
Evicting from outside machine by the fruit pod shell on compass screen surface and broken stem stalk, two Length Ratios are 1.2.On both employing combination types, sieve structure is clear
Screening device, lip(ped) sieve sieve angle is fixing, it is impossible to be adjusted according to current results situation, is likely to result in seed cleaning
The problems such as rate is low, cleaning loss is big.
Efficient intelligent is the Main way of international advanced united reaper development.On external advanced combined harvester, e-mail
Breath technology has obtained extensive utilization, it is possible to obtain corn instantaneous delivery, moisture content, vehicle gait of march, ceding of Taiwan height and width
The parameters such as the corn transfer rate after width and threshing, then use use processing technology, according to the work of united reaper
Industry quality adjusts various running parameter automatically, while improving production efficiency, loss rate is controlled in prescribed limit, fall
Less trouble, improves the time between failures of complete machine, the most constantly studies novel monitoring technology and equipment.With these first
Entering technology to compare, the automatization level of China's combined harvester entirety also has bigger gap, the most seriously constrains receipts
Obtaining the development of mechanization, country the most increasingly payes attention to this deficiency, actively develops scientific research.Test finds, sorting screen sieves
The aperture of sheet is one of key factor affecting cleaning plant performance (such as seed cleannes, grain loss etc.), and present stage joins
The regulation of the sieve aperture closing cropper cleaning plant relies primarily on the experience of farm work personnel and carries out, i.e. by observing ground
Shut down after the seed cleaning extent of damage and regulate sieve aperture, it can be seen that, the method sieve angle can not be regulated in time,
Cleaning loss is caused to strengthen；Regulate in real time can not regulate in real time according to current damaed cordition according to current damaed cordition, fish
The device that squama sieve sieve aperture is automatically adjusted has no report.
Summary of the invention
When the present invention is to solve combined harvester farm work, owing to cleaning plant sieve aperture is improper, aperture regulation
Cause cleaning loss excessive when not in time, the difficult problems such as process is loaded down with trivial details, the time-consuming during regulation of sieve aperture, invent one
Combined harvester sorting screen sieve opening adjusting device.
The adjusting means of the combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture of the present invention, by cleaning screen frame 2, shuttle board 1, cleaning sieve sheet
Assembly 3, tail sheet 4, seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 forms, described shuttle board 1, cleaning sieve sheet assembly 3 and tail sheet
4 clean on screen frame 2 according to being sequentially fixed at by the order after forward direction, and seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 is arranged on sorting screen
The tail end of frame 2；
Described cleaning sieve sheet assembly 3 by screen frame plate 301, connecting rod 302, connecting pin 303, actively sieve 304, driven sieve 305,
Engaging lug 306, push-pull bar 307, adjusting tap 308, electric pushrod 309 form, and connecting pin 303 is that two edge lengths are unequal
U-shape structure, U-shaped long end connect screen frame plate 301, short end connect connecting rod 302；Actively sieve 304 and driven sieve 305
Being both connected on connecting rod 302, actively sieve 304 is connected with push-pull bar 307 by engaging lug 306；Described adjusting tap 308
For sector structure, fantail end connects electric pushrod 309, and covering of the fan end connects push-pull bar 307, and adjusting tap 308 is connected by rotating shaft
At screen frame plate 301, described electric pushrod 309 drives the fantail end of adjusting tap 308 to move back and forth, thus drives adjusting tap 308
Rotate.
Described active sieve 304, the version of driven sieve 305 are shutter sieve or lip(ped) sieve.
Present invention additionally comprises the control method of a kind of combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture, comprise the steps:
Step 1, take the seed to be cleaned of combined harvester harvesting, feeding combined harvester sorting screen sieve described in claim 1
Sheet opening adjusting device, carries out cleaning test, and the aperture of note cleaning sieve sheet is Ki, after remembering choosing, the quality grain of loss is Qi,
I is test ordinal number, i=1,2,3 ... and, obtain combined harvester seed cleaning loss quality QiWith cleaning sieve sheet aperture KiBetween
Relation:
Step 2, with tail sheet 4 width as Y-axis, to clean ejection distributed areas length direction as X-axis, tail sheet 4 is wide
Degree direction is that initial point O sets up rectangular coordinate system, monitored area seed with the intersection point of cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction
Amount accounts for the proportionality coefficient of total seed cleaning lossWherein, sf=8.06e-x/8.8689-7.95427,
sr=0.99411 (1-e-4.92728(y-0.06365)), x0,y0For seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor mounting location, a, b are monitoring section
The length and width in territory, and then set up the seed amount Q in monitored areajWith total cleaning loss amount QZBetween mathematical model be
Qj=QZ×u；
Step 3, simultaneous Qj=QZ×u、And Qi=QzThree mathematical modeies,
Just can obtain the monitoring variable Q of seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5)jWith cleaning sieve sheet aperture KiBetween relation
Step 4, determine suitable seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 monitoring variable Qj, according to the formula of step 3 acquisition,
Obtain cleaning sieve sheet aperture K of correspondencei, and cleaning sieve sheet aperture is adjusted.
During combined harvester work, with the seed cleaning loss monitoring grain loss amount that monitors of sensor 5 as input signal, depend on
According to the mathematical model between seed cleaning loss and the cleaning sieve sheet aperture set up, regulate the aperture of cleaning sieve sheet in real time, make connection
Close the cropper seed cleaning damage control in prescribed limit.
Mathematical model between combined harvester seed cleaning loss quality and cleaning sieve sheet aperture is to try at Type Airflow Rice-Wheat Cleaning Apparatus with Centrifugal Fan-Oscillating Sieve
Test the Oryza sativa L. or Semen Tritici aestivi just gathered in field on platform as material, open at combined harvester specified feed quantity W and different lip(ped) sieves
Degree KiUnder carry out depart from separating cleaning test, manually clean out through tail sheet 4 discharge whole cleaning loss seeds, use electronics sky
Putting down and weigh, under identical structural parameters, test being repeated 3 times, and averages, and obtains seed cleaning loss quality Qi, then through non-thread
Property regression analysis, obtainsThe main structure parameters of stand with combine receipts accordingly
Cutting mill cleaning plant is identical.
Mathematical model between seed cleaning loss and seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 monitored area seed amount is also at wind
The Oryza sativa L. just gathered in field on sieve formula cleaning plant testing stand or Semen Tritici aestivi, as material, are set up by bench test, foundation
Method is: under the specified feed quantity of combined harvester, with different cleaning fan rotating speed Vi(i=1,2,3 ...) carries out threshing separation
Clean test, and seed that tail sheet 4 is discharged and miscellaneous remainder settle in an area between be divided into a size ofThe rectangle of (width × length)
Gridding zonule, wherein, d is tail sheet width, and l is cleaning room ejection distributed areas length, and m is along tail sheet width side
To the quantity of the gridding zonule of distribution, n is little along the gridding of cleaning room ejection collecting zone length direction
The number in region, collects the seed in each zonule and miscellaneous remaining, the seed comprised in manually cleaning out each zonule, and
Respectively with scales/electronic balance weighing, under identical structural parameters, test is repeated 3 times, and averages, through being calculated each rectangle
Internal loss quality grain in gridding zonule accounts for the mass percent of total grain loss.If (i, j) quality grain in individual magazine is
mij, loss seed gross mass isThen (i, j) the loss quality grain ratio in individual magazine is dij:
With tail sheet 4 width as Y-axis, with cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction as X-axis, tail sheet 4 width side
It is initial point 0 to the intersection point with cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction, sets up rectangular coordinate system；Each by along Y direction
In row magazine, quality grain ratio adds up respectively, is calculated the quality grain ratio along X-axis in the range of seed cleaning loss distribution
Example d.j, i.e.Quality grain ratio along each row magazine of X-axis forward is added up respectively, is calculated along Y-axis
Quality grain ratio d of forward distributioni.I.e.Use rank test method under different rotation speed of fan, in each magazine
The mass percent of loss seed carries out hypothesis testing along the regularity of distribution of magazine X-direction Yu Y direction, finds different wind
Under machine rotating speed, the mass percent of each magazine internal loss seed along the regularity of distribution of magazine longitudinal direction and horizontal direction without aobvious
Write sex differernce, i.e. rotation speed of fan to the loss seed regularity of distribution at tail sheet rear portion without impact.
Quality grain ratio to the quality grain ratio being distributed along Y-axis forward with along the distribution of X-axis forward carries out nonlinear data
Matching, respectively obtains the cleaning loss seed distribution mathematical model along tail sheet 4 width (Y-axis),
sf=8.06e-x/8.8689-7.95427(0≤x≤l)；Distribution number along cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction (X-axis)
Learn model sr=0.99411 (1-e-4.92728(y-0.06365))(0≤y≤d)；Then total seed cleaning loss shared by the seed amount of monitored area
Proportionality coefficient isWherein, x0,y0Pass for seed cleaning loss monitoring
Sensor installation site, a, b are the length and width of monitored area.And then set up the seed amount Q in monitored areajWith always clean
Mathematical model between loss amount QZ is Qj=QZ× u (0≤x≤l, 0≤y≤d).
Simultaneous Qj=QZ× u (0≤x≤l, 0≤y≤d),And Qi=QZ3
Mathematical model, just can obtain the monitoring variable Q of seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5jAnd the relation between cleaning sieve sheet aperture K.
The effect that the present invention obtains: the seed cleaning loss that assembly of the invention arrives with seed cleaning loss monitoring Sensor monitoring
Amount for sample information, with the aperture of cleaning sieve sheet as controlled device, carries out feedback regulation to the aperture of sieve, makes combining
Machine grain loss in job engineering maintains minimum all the time.The present invention not only contributes to improve China's harvest machinery intelligence
Change level, also helps guarantee operation quality, improves facility working performance, have theory significance and wide application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is combined harvester sorting screen structure top view.
Fig. 2 is sorting screen sieve governor motion top view.
Fig. 3 is sorting screen actively sieve front view.
Fig. 4 is sorting screen driven sieve front view.
In figure: 1, shuttle board, 2, cleaning sieve sheet assembly, 4, tail sheet, 5, seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor, 6, sorting screen
Frame, 301, screen frame plate, 302, connecting rod, 303, connecting pin, 304, actively sieve, 305, driven sieve, 306, even
Lug, 307, push-pull bar, 308, adjusting tap, 309, electric pushrod.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the adjusting means of the combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture of the present invention, by shuttle board 1, clean
Screen frame 2, cleaning sieve sheet assembly 3, tail sheet 4, seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 forms, and described shuttle board 1, cleans
Sieve assembly 3 and tail sheet 4 are cleaned on screen frame according to being sequentially fixed at by the order after forward direction, seed cleaning loss monitoring sensing
Device 5 is arranged on the tail end cleaning screen frame 2；Clean screen frame 2 according to the preceding direction of shuttle board 1, be arranged on combined harvester
Cleaning room in.
Described cleaning sieve sheet assembly 3 is by screen frame plate 301, connecting rod 302, connecting pin 303, actively sieve 304, driven sieve
Sheet 305, engaging lug 306, push-pull bar 307, adjusting tap 308, electric pushrod 309 form, and connecting pin 303 is two length of sides
Spending unequal U-shape structure, U-shaped long end connects screen frame plate 301, and short end connects connecting rod 302, opens as in figure 2 it is shown, formed
Mouth deviates from actively sieve 304 and the position of driven sieve 305.
Actively sieve 304 and driven sieve 305 are both connected on connecting rod 302, when the angle of active sieve 304 rotates
Time, driven sieve 305 will be driven to carry out synchronous axial system by connecting rod 302；Actively sieve 304 is passed through engaging lug 306 and is pushed away
Pull bar 307 connects；Described adjusting tap 308 is sector structure, and fantail end connects electric pushrod 309, and covering of the fan end connects push-and-pull
Bar 307, adjusting tap 308 is connected to screen frame plate 301 by rotating shaft, and described electric pushrod 309 can drive adjusting tap 308
Fantail end move back and forth, thus drive adjusting tap 308 to rotate.
The operation principle of cleaning sieve sheet assembly 2 is, when electric pushrod 309 drives the tail end of adjusting tap 308 to produce motion, by
It is sector structure in adjusting tap 308, and adjusting tap 308 is provided with rotating shaft and is connected to screen frame plate 301, the straight-line displacement of tail end
The circumference being changed into adjusting tap 308 covering of the fan end by rotating shaft is moved, thus the push-pull bar 307 driving covering of the fan end to connect is transported
Dynamic, push-pull bar 307 drives actively sieve 304 further through engaging lug 306, and then forms actively sieve 304, driven sieve 305
Mass motion, it is achieved the aperture regulatory function of cleaning sieve sheet assembly 3 cleaning sieve sheet.
Mathematical model between combined harvester seed cleaning loss quality and cleaning sieve sheet aperture is to try at Type Airflow Rice-Wheat Cleaning Apparatus with Centrifugal Fan-Oscillating Sieve
Test the Oryza sativa L. or Semen Tritici aestivi just gathered in field on platform as material, open at combined harvester specified feed quantity W and different lip(ped) sieves
Degree KiUnder carry out depart from separating cleaning test, manually clean out through tail sheet 4 discharge whole cleaning loss seeds, use electronics sky
Putting down and weigh, under identical structural parameters, test being repeated 3 times, and averages, and obtains seed cleaning loss quality Qi, then through non-thread
Property regression analysis, obtainsThe main structure parameters of stand with combine receipts accordingly
Cutting mill cleaning plant is identical.
Mathematical model between seed cleaning loss and seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5 monitored area seed amount is also at wind
The Oryza sativa L. just gathered in field on sieve formula cleaning plant testing stand or Semen Tritici aestivi, as material, are set up by bench test, foundation
Method is: under the specified feed quantity of combined harvester, with different cleaning fan rotating speed Vi(i=1,2,3 ...) carries out threshing separation
Clean test, and seed that tail sheet 4 is discharged and miscellaneous remainder settle in an area between be divided into a size ofThe rectangle of (width × length)
Gridding zonule, wherein, d is tail sheet width, and l is cleaning room ejection distributed areas length, and m is along tail sheet width side
To the quantity of the gridding zonule of distribution, n is little along the gridding of cleaning room ejection collecting zone length direction
The number in region, collects the seed in each zonule and miscellaneous remaining, the seed comprised in manually cleaning out each zonule, and
Respectively with scales/electronic balance weighing, under identical structural parameters, test is repeated 3 times, and averages, through being calculated each rectangle
Internal loss quality grain in gridding zonule accounts for the mass percent of total grain loss.If (i, j) quality grain in individual magazine is
mij, loss seed gross mass isThen (i, j) the loss quality grain ratio in individual magazine is dij:
With tail sheet 4 width as Y-axis, with cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction as X-axis, tail sheet 4 width side
It is initial point 0 to the intersection point with cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction, sets up rectangular coordinate system；Each by along Y direction
In row magazine, quality grain ratio adds up respectively, is calculated the quality grain ratio along X-axis in the range of seed cleaning loss distribution
Example d.j, i.e.Quality grain ratio along each row magazine of X-axis forward is added up respectively, is calculated along Y-axis
Quality grain ratio d of forward distributioni.I.e.Use rank test method under different rotation speed of fan, in each magazine
The mass percent of loss seed carries out hypothesis testing along the regularity of distribution of magazine X-direction Yu Y direction, finds different wind
Under machine rotating speed, the mass percent of each magazine internal loss seed along the regularity of distribution of magazine longitudinal direction and horizontal direction without aobvious
Write sex differernce, i.e. rotation speed of fan to the loss seed regularity of distribution at tail sheet rear portion without impact.
Quality grain ratio to the quality grain ratio being distributed along Y-axis forward with along the distribution of X-axis forward carries out nonlinear data
Matching, respectively obtains the cleaning loss seed distribution mathematical model along tail sheet 4 width (Y-axis),
sf=8.06e-x/8.8689-7.95427(0≤x≤l)；Distribution number along cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction (X-axis)
Learn model sr=0.99411 (1-e-4.92728(y-0.06365))(0≤y≤d)；Then total seed cleaning loss shared by the seed amount of monitored area
Proportionality coefficient isWherein, x0,y0Pass for seed cleaning loss monitoring
Sensor installation site, a, b are the length and width of monitored area.And then set up the seed amount Q in monitored areajWith always clean
Loss amount QZBetween mathematical model be Qj=QZ× u (0≤x≤l, 0≤y≤d).
Simultaneous Qj=QZ× u (0≤x≤l, 0≤y≤d),And Qi=QZ3
Mathematical model, just can obtain the monitoring variable Q of seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor 5jAnd the relation between cleaning sieve sheet aperture K.
Determine the monitoring variable Q of suitable seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5)j, according to the formula of step 3 acquisition, obtain
Corresponding cleaning sieve sheet aperture Ki, and cleaning sieve sheet aperture is adjusted.
Actively sieve 304, the version of driven sieve 305 are shutter sieve or lip(ped) sieve.
Claims (3)
1. the adjusting means of a combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture, it is characterised in that: by cleaning screen frame (2), shake
Plate (1), cleaning sieve sheet assembly (3), tail sheet (4), seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5) composition, described shuttle board
(1), cleaning sieve sheet assembly (3) and tail sheet (4) clean on screen frame (2) according to being sequentially fixed at by the order after forward direction,
Seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5) is arranged on the tail end cleaning screen frame (2)；
Described cleaning sieve sheet assembly (3) by screen frame plate (301), connecting rod (302), connecting pin (303), actively sieve (304),
Driven sieve (305), engaging lug (306), push-pull bar (307), adjusting tap (308), electric pushrod (309) form,
Connecting pin (303) is the two unequal U-shape structure of edge lengths, and U-shaped long end connects screen frame plate (301), and short end connects connecting rod
(302)；Actively sieve (304) and driven sieve (305) are both connected on connecting rod (302), actively sieve (304)
It is connected with push-pull bar (307) by engaging lug (306)；Described adjusting tap (308) is sector structure, and fantail end connects
Electric pushrod (309), covering of the fan end connects push-pull bar (307), and adjusting tap (308) is connected to screen frame plate (301) by rotating shaft,
Described electric pushrod (309) drives the fantail end of adjusting tap (308) to move back and forth, thus drives adjusting tap (308) to rotate.
The adjusting means of combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Actively sieve (304), the version of driven sieve (305) are shutter sieve or lip(ped) sieve.
3. the control method of a combined harvester sorting screen sieve aperture, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step 1, take the seed to be cleaned of combined harvester harvesting, feeding combined harvester sorting screen sieve described in claim 1
Sheet opening adjusting device, carries out cleaning test, and the aperture of note cleaning sieve sheet is Ki, after remembering choosing, the quality grain of loss is Qi,
I is test ordinal number, i=1,2,3 ... and, obtain combined harvester seed cleaning loss quality QiWith cleaning sieve sheet aperture KiBetween
Relation:
Step 2, with tail sheet (4) width as Y-axis, to clean ejection distributed areas length direction as X-axis, tail sheet
(4) width is that initial point O sets up rectangular coordinate system, monitoring section with the intersection point of cleaning room ejection distributed areas length direction
Territory seed amount accounts for the proportionality coefficient of total seed cleaning lossWherein,
sf=8.06e-x/8.8689-7.95427, sr=0.99411 (1-e-4.92728(y-0.06365)), x0,y0For seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor
Installation site, a, b are the length and width of monitored area, and then set up the seed amount Q in monitored areajWith total cleaning loss
Amount QzBetween mathematical model be Qj=Qz×u；
Step 3, simultaneous Qj=Qz×u、And Qi=QzThree mathematical modeies,
Just can obtain the monitoring variable Q of seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5)jWith cleaning sieve sheet aperture KiBetween relation
Step 4, determine suitable seed cleaning loss monitoring sensor (5) monitoring variable Qj, according to the public affairs of step 3 acquisition
Formula, obtains cleaning sieve sheet aperture K of correspondencei, and cleaning sieve sheet aperture is adjusted.
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| CN201310691182.7A CN103688684B (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2013-12-16 | Adjusting device and adjusting method for grading sieve piece opening of combine harvester |
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| CN201310691182.7A CN103688684B (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2013-12-16 | Adjusting device and adjusting method for grading sieve piece opening of combine harvester |
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| CN103688684B true CN103688684B (en) | 2017-01-11 |
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| US11877538B1 (en) | 2022-08-30 | 2024-01-23 | Calmer Holding Company, Llc | Threshing grains and legumes utilizing concaves with adjustable openings |
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Effective date of registration: 20191223 Address after: 215200 No. 551 Jiangxing East Road, Wujiang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: SUZHOU JIUFU AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY CO., LTD. Address before: Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, 212013 Jingkou District Road No. 301 Patentee before: jiangsu university |