CN103687258A - HID electronic ballast and lighting device with same - Google Patents
HID electronic ballast and lighting device with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN103687258A CN103687258A CN201210347237.8A CN201210347237A CN103687258A CN 103687258 A CN103687258 A CN 103687258A CN 201210347237 A CN201210347237 A CN 201210347237A CN 103687258 A CN103687258 A CN 103687258A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Abstract
The invention provides an improved HID electronic ballast and a lighting device with the same. The HID electronic ballast provides the energy required for turning on an HID lamp by using serially-connected high-capacity electrolytic capacitors which serve as energy storage elements, and ensures that the current provided increases correspondingly with the load power, that is, the capacities of the capacitors increase with the load power, and besides, the voltage and current are increased, so as to achieve the effect of turning on the HID lamp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-voltage gas discharging light (HID) electric ballast used, relate in particular to the halogen electric arc tube lighting device that belongs to the Metal halogen lamp of HID lamp electric ballast used and adopt this ballast.
Background technology
High-voltage gas discharging light (for example Metal halogen lamp), as light source, is often used in to large area lighting, especially floodlighting, for example illumination of station, harbour, square, high-rise factory building, mine and highway.From the principle, this type of Metal halogen lamp is used for to not only possibility of daily (for example family is daily) illumination, and surely belongs to preferably.This be because, with the electricity-saving lamp of extensively promoting the use of at present even LED etc. compare, gold-halogen lamp light source volume is less, is also better than popular electricity-saving lamp at present aspect, light efficiency logical at light and color rendering index, with lamp distribution aspect be even better than the filament of incandescent lamp.Just because of these advantages, there is at present the application example product of low-power (for example 20W left and right) Metal halogen lamp to occur, for decorating and commercial lighting, as boutique, clock and watch jewelry store floodlighting.Along with ceramic gold-halogen lamp and appearance quartzy and Ceramic Composite electric arc tube in recent years, the color rendering index of the low-power Metal halogen lamp of this 20W left and right approaches incandescent lamp very much, and degree of closeness can be up to Ra > more than 0.95.
But, thereby attempt further to reduce the power of above-mentioned Metal halogen lamp, be applicable to the user demand of daily home environment substitute current electricity-saving lamp and incandescent lamp aspect consider, for example produce extra small power ceramic gold-halogen lamp and the quartz-ceramics composite arc pipe Metal halogen lamp of 10W left and right, also exist technical difficulty, and this difficulty is mainly present in the realization of the electric ballast supporting with gold-halogen lamp light source.Now take the prior art shown in Fig. 1 as example illustrates this difficulty.
Applicant thinks, the paper " metal halogen lamp electric ballast " that the more typical and effective practical circuit of HID electric ballast of the prior art can square Mr. Ren Nong.Its detailed content can be by link
http:// wenku.baidu.com/view/bae36f5177232f60ddccal8e.htmldownload and obtain.Fig. 1 is the core block diagram of this metal halogen lamp electric ballast of prior art.Fig. 2 is the metal halogen lamp electric ballast circuit theory diagrams of corresponding diagram 1 block diagram.
Circuit theory diagrams below by the block diagram with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate the existing problem of metal halogen lamp electric ballast in prior art.
Fig. 1 and illustrated in fig. 2 be low-frequency square-wave Metal halogen lamp (MH) electric ballast that three grades of core circuit forms, circuit of power factor correction 3 wherein, power control circuit 40 and low frequency inverter circuit 50 are core circuits.The firm power control circuit that power control circuit 40 is comprised of DC/DC converter and high-frequency PWM controller.The full-bridge DC/AC inverter that low frequency inverter circuit 50 comprises is low-frequency ac by the direct current inversion of the controlled rear output of prime DC/DC.As described in Figure, this electric ballast also comprise produce the firing circuit 60 of high-voltage pulse, for protection and control circuit 8, EMI filtering and rectification circuit 2 and the civil power input circuit 1 of lamp works current detecting and abnormal protection.
The metal halogen lamp electric ballast operation principle of above-mentioned prior art is as follows.Adopt the single-phase rectification bridge of EMI filtering and rectification circuit 2 that single phase industrial frequence alternating current 220V voltage commutation is become to direct voltage.Constant output 400V direct current after utilizing subsequently the APFC circuit of circuit of power factor correction 3 to control field effect transistor MOSFET and step-up transformer to boost, and make the power factor PF > 0.99 of civil power power frequency input circuit 1.Utilize the high-frequency PWM control circuit of power control circuit 40 and the field effect transistor MOSFET of DC/DC circuit to realize 100～150KHz high-frequency current is done to constant current conversion, conversion is output as the 70～120V direct voltage that is applicable to lamp works.The low-frequency vibration IC of recycling low frequency inverter circuit 50 drives four field effect transistor MOSFET or the IGBT in full bridge inverter, DC inversion is become to the low-frequency square-wave constant alternating current of 120～800Hz, to metal halide lamp 7 power supplies.The current detecting feedback of protection and control circuit 8 forms current controlled circuit (PI) current regulator, to realize high-frequency PWM current regulation control and load overcurrent protection.Protection and control circuit 8 also comprise over-temperature protection and load open circuit protection circuit.Firing circuit 60 adopts widely used and connect preferably/parallel connection type of stability pulse ignition circuit at present.At electric arc tube, start moment, circuit working electric current is smaller, the current detecting end of PWM controller IC/UC3844 in DC/DC circuit is inoperative, PWM now controls the voltage detecting end that depends on IC/UC3844 completely, so output end voltage is 158V, this output voltage enough punctures the bidirectional switch pipe of specified breakdown value 140V.On the former limit Lp of pulse transformer, produce pulse voltage like this, at secondary Ls, export the approximately starting resistor of 3.5～20KV electric arc tube is started.Meanwhile, because the voltage on the electric capacity being connected between the output of full-bridge mid point and bidirectional switch pipe Sidac constantly raises, the electric current on Sidac constantly reduces and turn-offs, and circuit returns to original state.If now electric arc tube is lighted a fire, electric current no longer passes through this loop, and the voltage on Sidac just can not reach its puncture voltage again, and firing circuit is no longer worked.If electric arc tube does not have breakdown, repeat process above; After electric arc tube is breakdown, circuit progressively enters normal operating conditions, original tube is pressed approximately 20～30V, pipe stream exceeds approximately 30% left and right than normal value, within 1～3 minute, inner tube is pressed in rising, manage stream in decline state, approach that normal pipe is pressed and 15 seconds of Guan Liuqian, electric arc can produce slight shake because golden halogen in electric arc tube circulates with the zooming homogenization process of temperature, and then electric arc tube and circuit synchronously enter steady-working state.
From the description that above-mentioned combination Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 do, can find out that the HID electric ballast of prior art exists following point:
First, the circuit block of employing is many, bulky.Specifically, because circuit is multi-stage transformation, need to adopt many transformers, many EE or EI inductance (on Fig. 2 the transformer of totally 5 larger volumes or inductance), many IC and need to adopt many high-power FETs and the cooperation of diode, resistance, electric capacity.The 20W metal halogen lamp electric ballast of commonly using of take is example, just needs 160 of 5 transformers or inductance (wherein having 3 EE20 that volume is larger), 7 IC, power-type field effect transistor etc. above (wherein at the bottom of nearly 40 of plate face plug-in unit, plate paster more than 120).These circuit elements devices are assembled into one, with regard to profile, must use the encapsulation of long 110mm * 70mm * 30mm iron-clad just can be convenient to heat radiation.When adopting the Metal halogen lamp ballast of 150W relatively high power for example, to be encapsulated by 190mm * 90mm * 30mm iron-clad.
Remove bulky outside, the connection of too much electronic devices and components design certainly will make side circuit complicated, traditional lamp manufacturing process is difficult to control.
Another problem is extremely strong electromagnetic interference.Because Metal halogen lamp is high-intensity gas discharge lamp HID, in discharge cycle heated air, make particle oscillation and produce pressure wave, when this ripple and capacitor resonance form standing wave, cause electric arc unstable, i.e. " sound oscillation ", need to drive electric arc tube or other special circuits to overcome with 120～800Hz low-frequency square-wave.Therefore, adopt the circuit such as extremely complicated DC/DC conversion, DC/AC full-bridge inverting, PWM control to control sound oscillation here, in Metal halogen lamp start-up course, require electric ballast to provide sufficiently high driving voltage to produce arc through, make the mist generation glow discharge in fluorescent tube, and can provide enough energy to make glow discharge be converted to arc discharge, adopted the multistage DC/DC conversion in LC series connection/parallel connection type resonance high-voltage pulse ignition circuit and foregoing circuit, DC/AC conversion, the circuit such as PWM control, as high-voltage gas discharging light, itself just has extremely strong electromagnetic interference, therefore, cause the electromagnetic interference to self circuit, as directly affected the stability of PWM control system, and the EMC that environment is produced, EMI electromagnetic interference.
These above-mentioned defects have all hindered small-power (as 10W left and right) Metal halogen lamp and have entered the progress of household consumption.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art and low power Metal halogen lamp that can be for household use is provided.
Different from the invention of common this area, the present invention be the technology prejudice existing during applicant finds prior art in the manufacture process of Metal halogen lamp and overcoming this technology prejudice in complete.
First, in conventional art, think that the saying that must rely on high pressure to start Metal halogen lamp belongs to serious technology prejudice.
Applicant finds in practice, and " the bad startup of Metal halogen lamp " is actually long-standing understanding mistaken ideas in the industry.Conventionally understand, before Metal halogen lamp is uncolled burning-point after pipe press can be up to one tens atmospheric pressure even, voltage and the field intensity over several ten thousand volts is to be difficult to puncture.But, the Metal halogen lamp of general illumination purposes refer to lamp not burning-point standing after (time that Metal halogen lamp is closed to again between starting is generally no more than the situation of 10 minutes) under normal temperature state, start, rather than need to be up to the startup under " heat " state of 2～30,000 volts of high pressure guarantees as automobile xenon lamp is opened repeatedly.
Relevant the applicant can be referring to formerly application for a patent for invention CN1691271A (open day on November 2nd, 2005 of the applicant for the achievement in research of the startup aspect of gas discharge electricity-saving lamp, denomination of invention is " Filament-free heated cathode fluorescent lamp "), the full content of the document is incorporated herein by reference as prior art.
On the basis of above-mentioned prior art, the applicant further finds, Metal halogen lamp, the in the situation that of high-frequency discharge, can be satisfied with and puncture the inert gas being filled with in fluorescent tube under the effect of the two end electrodes under vacuum low pressure state in external electric field, sets up electric discharge.Because it not is (as the CCFL) that the inert gas that is filled with when making fluorescent tube and caliber and pipe range form that the senior executive in the time of Metal halogen lamp work presses, but according to metals such as a certain amount of mercury feeding in fluorescent tube or zinc, at lamp hole temperature, progressively rise to that mercury after 1000 ℃ of left and right or zinc fully gasify and the hyperbar that forms produces.Therefore the pipe that starts Metal halogen lamp press be according to feed mercury amount number, discharging chamber size, distance between two electrodes and import the working temperature that finally can form electric arc tube that the factors of the electric current of electric arc tube determines and decide.Specifically, mercury-vapor pressure is to double and change along with 10 ℃ of the every risings of temperature.Can most clearly determine thus, although the inert gas that Metal halogen lamp is filled with while making has the amount (slightly higher than conventional fluorescent lamps) of 10～80 torrs, the thin senior executive who forms of two electrode distances CCFL fluorescent lamp relative to cavity diameter pipe range and caliber presses almost negligible.Facts have proved, under electric ballast high frequency state, voltage that only need to approximately 300 volts of left and right, the electric arc tube of Metal halogen lamp just can be satisfied with and puncture startup, and the higher puncture voltage of startup frequency is lower.Puncture afterwards initial pipe and press only 20～30 volts, along with the electric arc tube temperature riser of Metal halogen lamp is pressed slowly rising, stable afterwards 100 volts of left and right.
What should particularly point out is, before the electric arc tube of Metal halogen lamp is breakdown, can treat as the transient state (within 1 microsecond) of fluorescent tube open circuit, can press as high value by apparent load pipe, the frequency of oscillation of the LC oscillating circuit being now jointly comprised of the resonant capacitance on front stage drive circuit (being no matter that IC fixed frequency drives or magnetic ring transformer drives), power driving circuit, low-frequency current circuit for generating and the choke induction of connect with load circuit can be subject to fluorescent tube senior executive compacting approximately and about doubling than normal working frequency liter, so is extremely conducive to the normal startup of electric arc tube.And, by classical formulas
derive, when vibration occurs LC series circuit, the voltage on electric capacity and inductance is Q times (quality factor that Q is resonant circuit) of supply voltage; Therefore, in technical scheme of the present invention, the volume and the electrolytic capacitor capacity that are connected on the choke induction at electric arc tube two ends are suitably strengthened, thereby the Q value that not only can improve resonant circuit improves current potential (voltage), and energy storage components and parts volume energy large and the large deposit of capacity is many, greatly improved thus the triggering startability of halogen electric arc tube.Therefore the mode that, this triggering that realizes halogen electric arc tube by improving electrolytic capacitor capacity of the present invention starts has fundamentally overcome traditional technology prejudice.
In addition, be different from prior art and metal halogen lamp electric ballast driven to explanation and the solution that produces " sound oscillation ", the benign cycle of metal halide pill when the application works by improving Metal halogen lamp in electric arc tube cavity solves the problem of " sound oscillation ", by make metal halide pill by Solid State Transformation be present fully after gaseous state, gasification uniformly, thereby avoided insufficient, inhomogeneous vapour repeatedly to enter unstable produced " sound oscillation " of electric arc that the electric discharge of electrode two ends causes.The application takes electric ballast high-frequency drive and introduces low-frequency current circuit for generating to electric arc tube output low frequency electric current, suitably increase the power of inputting simultaneously, the 135% design input power according to Metal halogen lamp nominal power, has effectively overcome " sound oscillation "; More traditional Inductive ballast and the on the market popular actual input power of electric ballast are 120% left and right of Metal halogen lamp nominal power, although the design has improved 15% input power on traditional basis again, but the logical output of Metal halogen lamp light and color rendering index are almost to improve in proportion, should be desirable, especially from electric ballast volume, weight, design and produce degree-of-difficulty factor and cost performance is one of optimized selection current technical conditions.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, a kind of HID electric ballast is provided, it comprises:
Civil power input stage, for accessing power frequency supply;
EMI filtering and rectification circuit, conduct to avoid it for the interference of described access power frequency supply for attenuate high frequency electromagnetic signal, and described civil power industrial frequency AC AC rectification is converted to direct current DC;
Power factor (PF) correcting circuit, exchanges input active-power P and the ratio that exchanges input apparent power S, i.e. PF=P/S for adjusting;
Drive circuit, for output drive signal;
Power driving circuit, for receiving the driving signal of described drive circuit output, and power output drives signal;
Low-frequency current circuit for generating, for the output current of described EMI filtering and rectification circuit being carried out to filtering and carrying out voltage lifting by self energy storage component, and the electric current after output booster tension;
Load circuit, receive the voltage, electric current of the output of described low-frequency current circuit for generating as enabling signal, and work under the driving of the power drive signal of exporting at described power driving circuit, output services condition indicative signal is to the input of described power driving circuit simultaneously; And
Protective circuit, receives the operating state index signal that described load circuit is exported, and when the described load circuit works of described index signal indication is abnormal, output protection signal stops the work of described drive circuit and described power driving circuit.
According to a technical scheme of the present invention, self energy storage component of wherein said low-frequency current generator is the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device of two serial connections, and the proportional relation that has 1 watt of (W)/1～2.15 microfarad (μ F) * 2 between its capacitance and the bearing power that starts, to guarantee to have between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup the proportional relation of 1 watt of (W)/0.015～0.033 ampere (A).
According to a technical scheme of the present invention, wherein said load circuit is halogen electric arc tube (HID).
Key technical feature as technical solution of the present invention, the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device that employing is connected in series provides and starts the required energy of HID lamp as energy-storage travelling wave tube, and guarantee that the electric current providing is correspondingly to strengthen with bearing power, that is to choose capacitance be correspondingly to strengthen with bearing power, improve voltage, electric current simultaneously, realize the unlatching of HID lamp.
Compared with the prior art, HID electronic ballast circuit of the present invention is simple, only make the quantity magnetic ring transformer that seldom (for example only), volume are very little and choke induction parts can realize the startup of HID electric arc tube, avoided the high voltage pulse impact of the components and parts on pcb board and EMC and EMI electromagnetic interference; And the sound oscillation while effectively having overcome Metal halogen lamp work, makes small-power (for example power is at the 10～150W) Metal halogen lamp can small compact and integrated, and greatly reduces costs, and especially makes for example 10～20W power likely to enter household consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the HID electric ballast block diagram of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of the metal halogen lamp electric ballast shown in corresponding diagram 1;
Fig. 3 is according to the block diagram of the HID electric ballast of technical solution of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the side circuit of reflection Fig. 3 design forms;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that the side circuit of another reflection Fig. 3 design forms.
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b are the schematic diagrames that adopts the Metal halogen lamp of HID electric ballast making of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described.
With reference to Fig. 3, according to the HID electric ballast block diagram of technical solution of the present invention, civil power input 1 is input to HID electric ballast of the present invention the industrial frequency AC AC of 220/110V.The interference signal of the conductivity magnetic disturbance EMC being produced by circuit by EMI filtering and suppress/filtering of rectification circuit 2 to power frequency supply, and the civil power industrial frequency AC AC rectification of input is converted to direct current DC.Circuit of power factor correction 3, adopts active APFC or passive PFC mode to adjust line power factor, and the ripple DC filtering of the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device that utilizes two serial connections of configuration in the low-frequency current generator 6 that rear class connects after to rectification.In the situation that described circuit of power factor correction 3 adopts passive PFC, in low-frequency current generator 6, the energy storage effect of the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device of two serial connections of configuration is promoted to for example 310V the terminal voltage of this storage capacitor
dChigh pressure; And in the situation that described circuit of power factor correction 3 adopts active APFC, the terminal voltage of this storage capacitor is promoted to for example 400～450V
dC.As a rule, when the power of the HID lamp as load is less than 50W, can not consider to adopt APFC, but be greater than 70W when above in the presence of the power of the HID lamp as load, just be necessary to adopt APFC.
The output signal of drive circuit 4 received power factor correcting circuits 3, and according to the signal of this reception, produce the driving signal of output.Although what illustrate in Fig. 3 is that this drive circuit 4 is accepted the abnormal control of starting to control signal of load circuit 7 of protecting and control circuit 8 sends by circuit of power factor correction 3; but in fact this drive circuit 4 can directly be accepted the abnormal control of starting to control signal of load circuit 7 of protecting and control circuit 8 sends; stop to power driving circuit 5 provide drive signal (the driving signal of drive circuit 4 import " ", i.e. V
dC-), until civil power input 1 is cut off.
Low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 is cores of the present invention.In function, be first the current filter as prime DC power supply, elimination ripple composition also plays charging electric power storage boost function.The power drive signal that coordinates the output of power driving circuit 5, playing circuit passive leg provides the effect in circuital current loop, and the current charges that DC power supply is directly provided, electric power storage, after boosting as low-frequency current, according to two power switch pipes that conventionally adopt in power driving circuit speed of conducting and cut-off in turn, or be that Frequency according to the distinctive < < of device self 1000Hz discharges to described load circuit 7 (being the small-power HID lamp of indication in the application) in an orderly manner more, meet electric arc tube work low-frequency current, promote the temperature of electric arc tube inner chamber body.On forming, in this low-frequency current circuit for generating 6, used the big capacity electrolyte capacitor of a pair of serial connection as filtering, energy storage, element boosts, this to large capacitances in series be connected between power supply and ground, the mid point of series connection is connected with one end of load circuit 3, the total capacity of capacitance is selected to be directly proportional to the power of gold-supported halogen lamp, the i.e. proportional relation of 1 watt of (W)/1～2.15 microfarad (μ F) * 2, to guarantee to have between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup the proportional relation of 1 watt of (W)/0.015～0.033 ampere (A).
Protective circuit and control circuit 8 receive the electric arc plumber shape index signal of described load circuit 7 outputs, and when described index signal is indicated described load circuit 7 operation irregularity, output protection signal stops the work of described drive circuit 4 and described power driving circuit 5; Or at circuit, be designed with the in the situation that circuit of power factor correction 3 adopting APFC circuit and provide signal, the APFC circuit of circuit of power factor correction 3 is quit work, no longer to rear class output services electric current.
Below in conjunction with the circuit theory diagrams shown in accompanying drawing 4, further illustrate operation principle of the present invention.Because there is no and change and identical with prior art with civil power input 1, EMI filtering and the rectification circuit 2 shown in Fig. 3 and the corresponding concrete circuit of circuit of power factor correction 3 in Fig. 4, not shown for avoiding repeating on accompanying drawing 4.As shown in Figure 4, comprising there being a power supply trigger starting circuit, by resistance R 1, R2, capacitor C 2, diode D1 and adjoining bidirectional trigger diode DB3, formed; The parameter of adjusting resistance R1, R2, capacitor C 2, it is the toggle speed (between 1ms～20ms) that the time constant of RC can change the drive circuit 4 after power connection, so that 3 pairs of other energy-storage travelling wave tubes of late-class circuit of prime rectification circuit 2 or circuit of power factor correction, especially two of low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 abundant charging energy-storings of big capacity electrolyte capacitor.Drive circuit 4 comprises: magnetic ring transformer N1, N2, N3, triode Q1, Q2 and transistor base b and emitter e resistance R 3, R4, R5, R6, diode D4 and D5; Power driving circuit 5 comprises: the peripheral circuit of triode Q1, Q2 and transistor collector c and emitter e, choke induction L2, resonant capacitance C3 and electrolytic capacitor C4, C5; Low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 comprises: electrolytic capacitor C4, C5; Load circuit 7 comprises: Metal halogen lamp and the resonant capacitance C3 in parallel with Metal halogen lamp; Protection and control circuit 8 comprise: controllable silicon Q3, diode D6, D7, resistance R 7～R11 and capacitor C 6～C8.
The course of work below in conjunction with circuit shown in Fig. 3 schematic block diagram illustration Fig. 4.At circuit power, connect and after the energising of input civil power U
dC+pass through R1, R2 is to the C2 charging of series connection ground connection (simultaneously also to other energy-storage travelling wave tube chargings of circuit), when C2 both end voltage reaches >+32V, breakdown with the bidirectional trigger diode DB3 that C2+ joins, give trigger current of base stage b of triode Q2, Q2 starts conducting (being conducting between Q2ce) between collector electrode c and emitter e, at this moment two of low-frequency current circuit for generating 6 big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C4, C5 is fully charging, conducting between Q2ce, equal to discharge over the ground a passage is provided to C5+: from load circuit 7 (in this application for small-power HID lamp) through choke induction L2, the former limit N3 of magnetic ring transformer, triode Q2 collector electrode c is to emitter e, emitter resistance R6 is to ground.C5 is jumbo electric capacity, produce large discharging current, the halogen electric arc tube two end electrodes of load circuit 7 is had to a very strong activation, for the disposable electric arc tube that punctures of next half cycle triode Q1 conducting output high-frequency high-voltage current provides very favorable condition.Along with Q2 conducting, the C5 discharging current electric current through the former limit N3 of magnetic ring transformer, make the secondary N2 joining with triode Q2 base stage b induce a upper negative lower positive signal, and under base stage accelerating circuit D5, R4 auxiliary, order about triode Q2 and end fast; The secondary N1 that simultaneously makes to join with triode Q1 base stage b induces just lower negative signal on, and orders about Q1 fast conducting under base stage accelerating circuit D4, R3 auxiliary.Triode Q1 is connected in series up and down with Q2, and when triode Q1 is conducting state, triode Q2 is cut-off state; Otherwise when triode Q2 is conducting state, triode Q1 is cut-off state, triode Q2 and Q1 realize high speed samsara cut-off and conducting, and its frequency is up to more than 20KHZ.Triode Q1 conducting and to make voltage and the electric current of emitter e output be at U
dC+under the promotion of the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C4+ electric discharge of low-frequency current circuit for generating 6, form high-frequency high-voltage current, from triode Q1 emitter resistance R5, export, by the former limit N3 of magnetic ring transformer, through choke induction L2, boost load circuit (the HID lamp in the present invention) is discharged, finally very low by arrived just the current potential of carving in abundant discharge off at electric current, can treat as the C5 ground connection of shorted to earth.The startup of the process of this high-frequency and high-voltage electric discharge, at the electric arc tube of the HID lamp as load, be about to the moment before breakdown, effect due to LC vibration and driving switch circuit, transient current frequency can rise to the more than a times of normal working frequency, owing to starting, the higher electric arc tube puncture voltage of frequency is lower, is generally enough to electric arc tube to puncture startup.If the electric arc tube as the HID lamp of load is not activated, because the electric current of the former limit N3 of the magnetic ring transformer of flowing through is reverse, triode Q1, the Q2 of half-bridge serial connection start to work again and again (alternately conducting and cut-off), while once or again going up conducting once on triode Q1, the electric arc tube of the HID lamp as load is breakdown.In this process, may there are following two kinds of situations:
1) a kind of situation is the electric arc tube of the HID lamp as load to be punctured in normal range (NR) according to design, and stable electric arc is set up at electrode two ends, start pipe press very low, 20～30V only, pipe stream is very large, is 1.3 times of left and right of normal work; The appearance of large electric current causes in electric arc tube cavity and is heated rapidly, and mercury vapor pressure fast rise pipe presses liter, and electric current is got back to normal working value gradually, within 1～3 minute, enters steady operation.Entering steady operation precontract about 15 seconds, disposable from solid to gasification due to golden halogen recyclegas under high temperature, to fully gasifying and have an extremely of short duration homogenization process, can there is slight shake in electric arc, also can see the slight flicker of the visible ray that electric arc tube sends again.This is one of " sound oscillation " phenomenon that can see of the application's designed lines, and the identification of this situation industry is normal.In common situation, if join according to the same a collection of ballast of the application design same batch of electric arc tube getting same quality, the ballast of most of (being for example greater than more than 70%) mate with HID lamp electric arc tube as load fine, working stability.For a small amount of (being conventionally less than 30%) situation that may occur, after burning-point is about half an hour, produce above-mentioned " sound oscillation " phenomenon, even in the situation that simple line adjustment also cannot make it stable, can adopt the method that improves input power to solve, for example the power of input is brought up to 135% left and right that is about electric arc tube nominal power, now will be made immediately above-mentioned " sound oscillation " phenomenon disappear.For example, for the electric arc tube of the HID lamp of 70W, input power can be designed into 70W * 135%=94.5W, electric arc tube at this moment just enters steady operation at once.Trace it to its cause, the one, the metal halide pill deal feeding in electric arc tube manufacturing process exceeds standard, and causes under rated power fully homogenizing of golden halogen material, and golden halogen circulation is bad; The 2nd, the design of electric arc tube inner chamber is lack of standardization, and the especially quartzy electric arc tube of making, there will be the situation that has external mold there is no internal mold, and because inner chamber blows afloat by high-pressure blast, therefore golden halogen circulation is bad; The 3rd, the not high or gas leakage of covering cell-shell vacuum degree, the bad electric arc tube working temperature that causes of outer insulation is too low, and the circulation of golden halogen is bad.In a word, basic reason is all that golden halogen circulation is bad, increases input power, that is to say and has improved heating power or the heating current that imports electric arc tube cavity, forces golden halogen circulation improvement, eliminates " sound oscillation ".The input power that simultaneously increases by 35% left and right can both synchronously improve the logical output of light and color rendering index to any electric arc tube; And traditional Inductive ballast and on the market the design of popular metal halogen lamp electric ballast be also the input power that has improved 20% left and right, in the present embodiment for overcoming current electric arc tube and Metal halogen lamp designs and produces the uneven of parameter, suggestion can improve approximately 12.5% left and right by the ballast design input power of non-supply of special item on the basis of tradition 20%, and this also provides a kind of selection of the cost performance having reached.
2) the second situation that may occur is that electric arc tube occasionally has the situation that can not normally start.The voltage that normally choke induction L2 and load circuit 7 tie points detected due to the controllable silicon protection that is main composition and control circuit 8 has exceeded normal initiate potential.Now by capacitor C 7 being charged by diode D7 after tie point resistance R 11, capacitor C 8 resistance-capacitance depressurizations, during C7+ voltage >+32V, by resistance R 8, puncture bidirectional diode DB3, give working signal of the control utmost point of controllable silicon Q3, controllable silicon starts to control conducting, and by being oppositely connected on the diode D5 of triode Q1 base stage b, the driving signal of input triode Q1 is imported to ground; R7, C6 are attempted by between the SCR control utmost point and ground, the signal that imports the SCR control utmost point can not be suddenlyd change, until power circuit is turned off.
Below in conjunction with the circuit theory diagrams shown in accompanying drawing 5, further illustrate operation principle of the present invention.Fig. 5 adopts integrated circuit (IC) to implement an embodiment of the present invention's design.For example adopt the double IC (as IR2520D) driving of self-oscillation to substitute a pair of field effect transistor switch pipe transistor Q1, the Q2 that magnetic ring transformer drives half-bridge power output circuit; utilize IC can take into account multi-functional feature simultaneously and introduce an other field effect transistor switch transistor Q3 as APFC electric current adjustment transistor; the power factor of circuit input is brought up to PF > 0.99, and utilize the abnormity protection circuit that this IC has self that HID fluorescent tube is started and extremely protected.Specific works principle is, field effect transistor switch transistor Q3 is as controlling the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8 of low-frequency current generator 6, the field effect transistor discharging and recharging of C9, it is that the low side of the IC5 pin of IR2520D model thus drives signal controlling, obviously, its conducting is synchronizeed with cut-off and field effect transistor switch transistor Q2; The lower half rectification circuit that is to say being on the scene effect switching transistor Q2 conducting cannot charge to big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8, C9, but the boost inductance L1 that civil power input circuit 1 is introduced has improved current potential to input AC electricity, met that field effect transistor switch transistor Q2, Q3 synchronously end, the abundant charging to big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8, C9 during Q1 conducting.Thisly design to such an extent that benefit is when adjust improving line power factor, to have promoted the current potential of big capacity electrolyte capacitor device C8, C9, field effect transistor switch transistor Q1, the Q2 voltage that conducting imports load electric arc tube in turn improves, and is conducive to normal startup and work.Resistance R 1 in figure, R2, R5, capacitor C 4, C5 and diode D5, D6 provide stable low-voltage supply for IC; R5, C6 are the time constant circuit of IC, adjust the driving operating frequency that its parameter can change IC.Be connected on the C11 of IC4 pin as C
vCOelectric capacity, changes its capacitance and can adjust the characteristic that electric arc tube starts abnormal protection, under normal circumstances, and C
vCOvoltage very low (generally lower than 1.8V), while surpassing 2V as current potential (for antijamming capability is provided, its internal comparator 150mV return difference of having an appointment), show that electric arc tube has fault, at this moment the vibrator of IC interior quits work, the output of two gate drivers is low level, and integrated circuit is in micropower mode; After pending fault is got rid of, C
vCOvoltage is pulled back to closely current potential, and reset signal restarts integrated circuit.
Circuit theory shown in Fig. 5 is identical in itself with Fig. 4, just to introducing the concrete application of integrated circuit (IC).And remove outside the IC of IR2520D model of above-mentioned example, being applicable to other integrated circuit of the present invention and can using equally, this is obvious for professional and technical personnel.The HID electric arc tube electric ballast that the IC of the IR2520D model of above-mentioned example forms is especially applicable to the circuit that actual input power is less than 100W, for input power, be greater than the circuit of 100W, generally according to Fig. 3 block diagram principle, adopt active power factor adjustment and rear class vibration to drive the application-specific integrated circuit separating separately, as APFC circuit adopts the L6560/L6561/L6562 of meaning method SGS-Thomson (ST) or the KA7526 of fairchild's international semiconductor company, vibration and drive circuit adopt the integrated circuit of the IR215X series of international rectification (IR) company, the integrated circuit that the L6569 of meaning method SGS-Thomson (ST) company or the UBA2024 of Philips etc. are representative and the peripheral circuit matching by its requirement, front-to-back effect in the time of can avoiding the regulation of electrical circuit although components and parts cost can rise, obtain better circuit effect.The method of controlling as for the relevant circuit that overcomes " sound oscillation " phenomenon and startup abnormal conditions of circuit shown in Fig. 5 can, with reference to figure 4 associated description, not repeat them here.
Embody Fig. 4 of Fig. 3 of the present invention design and the measured data of the circuit of Fig. 5 in laboratory reflects good invention effect.For the sake of clarity, will be less than the small-power HID halogen electric arc tube of 150W and the experimental data of corresponding HID electric ballast of the present invention is illustrated by following table 1.
Under laboratory condition, adopt domestic electric arc tube to coordinate while testing according to the HID electric ballast of the principle of the invention, the nominal power of the HID electric arc tube of choosing is respectively 10W, 20W, 70W and 150W, and its various characteristics parameter meets corresponding GB requirement.
In order to reflect real effectiveness of the present invention, for different nominal power HID electric arc tubes with used according to the test of having carried out sufficient randomness that coordinates between the HID electric ballast of the present invention's design.Specifically, the HID electric arc tube that is 10W for nominal power, stresses to adopt the experiment test (driving respectively the HID electric arc tube of 5 10W with the electron plate of a HID electric ballast) of the corresponding a plurality of HID electric arc tubes of a HID electric ballast; It for nominal power, is the HID electric arc tube of 20W, 70W and 150W, except adopting the experiment test of the corresponding a plurality of HID electric arc tubes of an above-mentioned HID electric ballast, also stress to adopt the experiment test (that is, for example driving respectively the HID electric arc tube of same 20W with the electron plate of polylith HID electric ballast) of the corresponding single HID electric arc tube of a plurality of HID electric ballasts.
The making material of the HID electric arc tube using in the experiment test shown in formation table 1 can be ceramic material (for example in table 1 for the test of the HID electric arc tube of 20W, 70W and 150W), quartz material (for example in table 1 for the test of the HID electric arc tube of 70W and 150W), also can be composite material (for example in table 1 for the test of 10W HID electric arc tube, for example specifically may be thought of as quartzy and ceramic composite material).Referring to table 1, wherein, except providing respective electrical mathematic(al) parameter test data, also provide optical parametric test data simultaneously.Those skilled in the art are appreciated that these parameters meet the lighting requirement that GB provides completely, do not repeat this application.
From table 1 above, according to the electric ballast of technical scheme of the present invention, rely on two electrochemical capacitors of wherein series connection as energy storage original paper, to realize the starting of halogen electric arc tube, obtained the illumination effect of expectation.Summary as the design guidance of upper table, ensuring under the prerequisite of safety operation allowance, total capacity selection and the proportional relation of the power of gold-supported halogen lamp of two series connection electrolysis capacitance are being chosen to be: 1 watt of (W)/1～2.15 microfarad (μ F) * 2.From table, it can also be seen that, above-mentioned selection can guarantee there is the proportional relation of 1 watt of (W)/0.015～0.033 (A) between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup.
HID electronic ballast circuit of the present invention is simple, only makes the inductance component of the quantity magnetic ring transformer that seldom (for example the following circuit of nominal power 24W is only), volume are very little and a normal volume can realize the startup of HID electric arc tube.With embodiment illustrated in fig. 4, at the following circuit of nominal power 24W, only used a little magnetic ring transformer, coil N1～N3 is provided, its diameter 9mm, the about 5mm of thickness, just can realize the making of the electric ballast that the HID electric arc tube of 20W uses with EE19～EE22 inductance, the magnetic core size using in the volume of its magnetic ring transformer and EE19～EE22 inductance and electricity-saving lamp design is almost identical.If considered from the value volume and range of product of line design device used, the electric ballast of technical solution of the present invention and the difference of electricity-saving lamp can be thought and be almost only two big capacity electrolyte capacitor devices.If consideration 70W Metal halogen lamp is chosen the electrolytic capacitor of 100～150 μ F/250V, single with regard to volume, according to making material and the technology of current common electrochemical capacitor, the diameter of the capacitor that this chooses is 18mm, and height is 31mm to 36mm.The HID electric ballast that the inductance relatively adopting in prior art is made with transformer is compared, and volume and weight reduces greatly.
Sound oscillation when the present invention has avoided the high voltage pulse impact of the components and parts on pcb board and EMC and EMI electromagnetic interference and effectively overcome Metal halogen lamp work in addition, make small-power (for example power is at the 10～150W) Metal halogen lamp can small compact and integrated, and greatly reduce costs, especially make for example 10～20W power likely enter domestic lighting use.
As mentioned above, because making volume, the weight of the HID electric ballast of making, technical scheme of the present invention greatly reduces, almost be as good as with the volume and weight of the electric ballast of traditional energy-saving lamp, therefore be obviously appreciated that as long as adopt the similar approach of making traditional energy-saving lamp, the HID electric ballast of simultaneously making with technical solution of the present invention substitutes the electric ballast of traditional energy-saving lamp, also the while substitutes the fluorescent tube of traditional energy-saving lamp with HID electric arc tube, can produce the HID electric arc tube lighting device that volume greatly reduces.Described referential relevant traditional energy-saving lamp manufacturing technology, can reference example if the applicant is at the Chinese utility model patent < of a first to file < energy-saving micro lamp > > (patent No. ZL200420023714.6) and Chen Zonglie, the patent of invention < < of Gong Shihong application can common parts lighting device > > (application publication number CN 101754544A, Shen Qing Publication day 2010.06.23), this two application is incorporated to the present invention as a reference in full.
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b are the schematic diagrames that adopts the Metal halogen lamp of HID electric ballast making of the present invention.Take Fig. 6 a as example, and the Metal halogen lamp that adopts HID electric ballast of the present invention to make comprises halogen electric arc tube 1, cell-shell 2, Ceramic lamp base 4, thermal insulation layer 5, upper cover 6 and lamp holder 7.The HID electric ballast of making according to the circuit theory of technical solution of the present invention, employing Fig. 4 or Fig. 5 is placed on the inside of upper cover 6.Fig. 6 b is the another kind of form of Fig. 6 a, has structurally added outside bulb shell 3, makes more to approach in appearance the bulb that traditional-family is used.
Above-mentioned fact Example in the application is only for the design of the technical solution of the present invention of explaining but not limit for the present invention.Scope of the present invention is limited by claims.
Claims (4)
1. a HID electric ballast, it comprises:
Civil power input stage (1), for accessing power frequency supply;
EMI filtering and rectification circuit (2), conduct to avoid it for the interference of accessed power frequency supply for attenuate high frequency electromagnetic signal, and the interchange AC rectification of described power frequency supply is converted to direct current DC;
Power factor (PF) correcting circuit (3), for adjusting the interchange input active power (P) and the ratio that exchanges input apparent power (S) as power factor;
Drive circuit (4), for output drive signal;
Power driving circuit (5), for receiving the driving signal of described drive circuit (4) output, and power output drives signal;
Low-frequency current circuit for generating (6), for the output current of described EMI filtering and rectification circuit (2) being carried out to filtering and carrying out voltage lifting by self energy storage component, and the electric current after output booster tension;
Load circuit (7), receive the voltage, electric current of described low-frequency current circuit for generating (6) output as enabling signal, and work under the driving of the power drive signal of exporting at described power driving circuit (5), output services condition indicative signal is to the input of described power driving circuit (5) simultaneously; And
Protection and control circuit (8); receive the operating state index signal of described load circuit (7) output; and when described index signal is indicated described load circuit (7) operation irregularity, output protection signal stops the work of described drive circuit (4) and described power driving circuit (5).
2. according to the HID electric ballast of claim 1, self energy storage component of wherein said low-frequency current generator (6) is the big capacity electrolyte capacitor device of two serial connections, and the proportional relation that has 1 watt/1～2.15 microfarad * 2 between its capacitance and the bearing power that starts, to guarantee there is the proportional relation of 1 watt/0.015～0.033 ampere between the described startup high-tension current of output and the bearing power of startup.
3. according to the HID electric ballast of claim 1, wherein said load circuit (7) is halogen electric arc tube (HID).
4. a halogen electric arc tube lighting device, is characterized in that adopting one of any HID electric ballast of the claims 1-3.
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| CN104822216A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-05 | 泉州师范学院 | Miniwatt HID lamp drive circuit |
| CN104822208A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-05 | 泉州师范学院 | Step-down circuit for miniwatt HID lamp drive circuit |
| CN105263249A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-01-20 | 上海绿寰光电有限公司 | High-frequency electronic ballast |
| CN105356740A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-24 | 黄敏超 | Electric energy converter with electromagnetic interference suppression structure |
| CN105490517A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-04-13 | 苏州市纽克斯照明有限公司 | Circuit structure minimizing HID electromagnetic interference |
| CN105578694A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-05-11 | 苏州市纽克斯照明有限公司 | Short-circuit protection circuit based on low-frequency square wave electronic ballast |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104822216A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-05 | 泉州师范学院 | Miniwatt HID lamp drive circuit |
| CN104822208A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-05 | 泉州师范学院 | Step-down circuit for miniwatt HID lamp drive circuit |
| CN105263249A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2016-01-20 | 上海绿寰光电有限公司 | High-frequency electronic ballast |
| CN105263249B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2018-06-26 | 上海绿寰光电有限公司 | A kind of high-frequency electronic ballast |
| CN104822216B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2019-05-07 | 泉州师范学院 | Small-power HID lamp driving circuit |
| CN104822208B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2019-05-07 | 泉州师范学院 | The reduction voltage circuit of small-power HID lamp driving circuit |
| CN105356740A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-24 | 黄敏超 | Electric energy converter with electromagnetic interference suppression structure |
| CN105356740B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2019-06-28 | 敏业信息科技（上海）有限公司 | Inhibit the electrical energy transformer of structure with electromagnetic interference |
| CN105490517A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-04-13 | 苏州市纽克斯照明有限公司 | Circuit structure minimizing HID electromagnetic interference |
| CN105578694A (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2016-05-11 | 苏州市纽克斯照明有限公司 | Short-circuit protection circuit based on low-frequency square wave electronic ballast |
| CN105578694B (en) * | 2016-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | 苏州纽克斯电源技术股份有限公司 | A kind of short-circuit protection circuit based on low-frequency electronic rectifier with squre wave |
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