CN103684954A - Redundantly operable industrial communication system and method for operation thereof - Google Patents

Redundantly operable industrial communication system and method for operation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103684954A
CN103684954A CN201310431934.6A CN201310431934A CN103684954A CN 103684954 A CN103684954 A CN 103684954A CN 201310431934 A CN201310431934 A CN 201310431934A CN 103684954 A CN103684954 A CN 103684954A
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message
unit
sending
buffer storage
receiving
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CN103684954B (en
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赫尔曼·昂斯特
斯特凡·凯勒
西格弗里德·屈内尔
亨德里克·隆普
马丁·沙伊德尔
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Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/90—Buffering arrangements
    • H04L49/9084—Reactions to storage capacity overflow
    • H04L49/9089—Reactions to storage capacity overflow replacing packets in a storage arrangement, e.g. pushout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
    • H04L12/40176—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
    • H04L12/40176—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy
    • H04L12/40189—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy by using a plurality of bus systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/50—Queue scheduling
    • H04L47/56—Queue scheduling implementing delay-aware scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L2012/4026—Bus for use in automation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/32—Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A redundantly operated industrial communication system includes communication devices that are redundantly linked to an industrial communication network and includes network infrastructure devices associated with the industrial communication network, wherein message transmission occurs wirelessly at least in sections. The industrial communication network contains a plurality of buffer memory units for message elements that are received at a network node by wire and message elements that are to be sent by the network node wirelessly. When a maximum buffer size is exceeded, an oldest message element situated in a respective buffer memory unit is erased. Until the maximum buffer size is exceeded, the oldest message element is selected as the next message element to be sent wirelessly.

Description

Industrial communication system that can redundant operation and for operating the method for described industrial communication system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of can redundant operation industrial communication system and for operating the method for described industrial communication system.
Background technology
In distributed industrial automation system, when collection, assessment and transmission measurement and control data, to guarantee: complete and especially available in real time in the industrial processes strict to time requirement without the data of change.Industrial automation system generally include a plurality of automation equipments via industrial communication network phase the Internet and produce or the scope of process automation in for control or adjusting device, machine or equipment.That be not transmitted or by the message of complete transmission, for example can not stoped industrial automation system proceed under safe mode of operation or stay under safe mode of operation.This finally may cause the inefficacy of whole process units and production stopped status with high costs.In industrial automation system, conventionally many by having, but the message flow of relatively short message and cause special problem aggravates the problems referred to above thus.
In order to compensate communication connection or the inefficacy of communication equipment, communication protocol, as media redundancy protocol, high availability is seamless redundancy protocol or parallel redundancy agreement are developed for industrial communication network high availability, can redundant operation.The in the situation that media redundancy protocol (MSR) defining and can realize disturbance ground redundant transmission message in IEC62439 standard, each Joint failure having in the network of simple ring topology is compensated.According to media redundancy protocol, the switch with two ports within ring topology is assigned Redundancy Manager, and the Joint failure of described Redundancy Manager monitor network and if desired introducing are for the exchange measure of loop closed (Ringschluss).Under normal mode of operation, whether Redundancy Manager checks by means of test post within ring topology, occur interrupting.Yet, the switch that is associated with Redundancy Manager conventionally not by the message with valid data from a port repeat to other ports.Therefore prevented from having message circulation constantly within ring topology of valid data.If switch or Joint failure within ring topology, the test post sending from port is so no longer received at corresponding other ports.Accordingly, Redundancy Manager can identify lost efficacy and in the situation that losing efficacy by the message with valid data in the mode that is different from normal mode of operation from a port repeat to other ports and vice versa.In addition, Redundancy Manager arrangement notifies remaining switch about by losing efficacy caused topology change.Avoid by this way: message is transmitted via the connection of losing efficacy.
In principle, can realize the media redundancy approach that has disturbance with relatively little expending.Yet disadvantageously,, under error situation, message may be lost on the one hand, and during reconfiguring communication network, first has malfunction on the other hand.This malfunction must be by the communication protocol of higher level, for example, by means of the TCP/IP(transmission control protocol/Internet Interconnection agreement in network layer or transport layer) protect, to avoid the interruption of communication connection.
PROFINET(IEC61158 Class1 0) also references media redundancy protocol as the media redundancy approach that has disturbance having within the communication network of ring topology.On the other hand, in a planned way copy media redundancy (MRPD) expansion to the real time data of undisturbed ground transmitting synchronous is provided.Yet in a planned way copying media redundancy is not the undisturbed media redundancy approach irrelevant with application, but the special expansion of PROFINET.
In IEC 62439-3 standard, define the seamless redundancy protocol of high availability (HSR) and parallel redundancy agreement (PRP), and can be to realize the undisturbed redundant transmission of message extremely short recovery time.According to the seamless redundancy protocol of high availability and parallel redundancy agreement, by the communication equipment sending, copy each message, and it is sent to receiver with two kinds of different paths.By the communication equipment of receiver-side, from receiving data stream, filter out the redundancy message that represents copy.
In EP 2 282 452 A1, describe a kind of for carry out the method for transfer of data in ring-like communication network, in described method, according to the seamless redundancy protocol of high availability, carry out transfer of data, and communication network comprises at least one host node, a source node and a destination node.Each node has the first and second communication interfaces with corresponding the first and second adjacent nodes.In addition, each node is via the first communication interface receiving data frames, and by received Frame change or without change via second communication interface without extra delay forward.Host node by the Frame of the first and second redundancies or empty Frame send to its first or second-phase neighbors.When receiving the Frame of two redundancies, source node is filled corresponding Frame with process data in predetermined reserve area.Subsequently, each Frame of having filled is transmitted to first or second-phase neighbors of source node immediately and individually.Finally, destination node leaching process data from received first Frame of having filled of the Frame centering of redundancy.
Known a kind of for carry out the method for redundancy communication in communication system from EP 2 413 538 A1, described communication system comprises a plurality of communication networks.Communication network interconnects via at least one switching node.Information based on limiting before transfer of data stops the data that are derived from the first communication network to be passed to the first communication network from second communication network to passback.
In IEC 62439-3 standard, long time of delay based in wireless communication system and by the transport behavior of its caused uncertainty, be only the transmission path of parallel redundancy agreement (PRP) regulation wired connection up to now.At Markus Rentschler, Per Laukemann in IEEE 2012 " Towards a Reliable Parallel Redundant WLAN Black Channel ", checks the applicability of WLAN transmission path in PRP communication network.By means of the Parallel application of the different diversity technique for for example space, time and frequency, can in WLAN communication network, compensate fully the impact of accidental channel decline.
Summary of the invention
The object the present invention is based on is, realize a kind of communication system with the energy redundant operation of wireless propagation path, described communication system is suitable for being applied in industrial automation system, and proposes for the assembly of such communication system and a kind of for operating the method for described communication system.
According to the present invention, described object realizes by communication system, network node and the method proposing in this article.Favourable improvement project of the present invention illustrates hereinafter.
Communication system according to the present invention comprises a plurality of communication equipments that are connected to redundantly on industrial communication network, and described communication equipment has respectively at least one first and second sending and receiving unit.Treat that the transmission of message of redundant transmission is preferably according to the seamless redundancy protocol of high availability or carry out according to parallel redundancy agreement.Two sending and receiving unit have respectively interface that the network for industrial communication network connects and the identical network address.Signal processing unit is connected with the first and second sending and receiving unit, and signal processing unit has for by the parallel multiplexer module that is transmitted to two transmitting elements of message to be sent with for the treatment of the redundant processing unit by the received message of two receiving elements.The signal processing unit of the communication equipment of redundancy link for example can be realized by means of field programmable gate array.Redundant processing unit comprises the filter unit being established as for detection of the message of received redundancy.
In addition, communication system according to the present invention has a plurality of network infrastructure device that are associated with industrial communication network, and described network infrastructure device has respectively a plurality of sending and receivings unit and by the interconnective coupling element in sending and receiving unit of network infrastructure device.The coupling element of network infrastructure device can be for example high-speed bus or the back plate type switch with set controller.Industrial communication network comprises a plurality of sending and receiving stations for wireless information transmission.For example, can be provided with the first and second sending and receiving stations, wherein the first sending and receiving station is that base station and the second sending and receiving station are the Wireless Telecom Equipments that can be connected with base station.
In addition,, according to the present invention, industrial communication network comprises a plurality of buffer storage units for receiving through a cable on network node and treated the message element of wireless transmission by described network node.Buffer storage unit for example can be distributed to network infrastructure device, for sending and receiving station and the preferable configuration of wireless information transmission, be buffer circle.In addition, buffer storage unit has respectively largest buffered size and forms and be established as, and makes, when surpassing largest buffered size, the oldest message element existing in corresponding buffer storage unit to be deleted from buffer storage unit.The oldest message element is for example corresponding to be first inserted into the message element in buffer storage unit in all message elements that are present among corresponding buffer storage unit.
In addition, according to the present invention, buffer storage unit forms and is established as, and makes, before surpassing largest buffered size, the oldest message element to be elected to be to the message element that the next one is treated wireless transmission.By this way, when employing wireless transmission path, can avoid in industrial communication system that can redundant operation unallowed high time of delay.
According to according to communication system of the present invention particularly preferred design, buffer storage unit forms and is established as, and makes from corresponding buffer storage unit, to delete message element when surpassing default permission timeliness.This contributes to further to shorten time of delay.
The message of redundancy preferably identifies by unified sequence number each other, and wherein the signal processing unit of the communication equipment of redundancy link is established as for serial number assignment being given to the message treat redundant transmission.In addition, signal processing unit is assigned memory cell, and described memory cell is established as for storing the sequence number of error-free the message receiving.In this case, redundant processing unit is preferably established as for check stored sequence number when receiving new message.This can realize the message of effectively processing especially redundancy.
Network node for above-mentioned industrial communication system that can redundant operation according to the present invention comprise at least one for receive wire transmission redundancy message receiving element and at least one is for sending the transmitting element of the message of the redundancy for the treatment of wireless transmission.In addition, be provided with the buffer storage unit for the message element that receives through a cable and treat wireless transmission being connected with receiving element be connected with transmitting element.Buffer storage unit has largest buffered size and forms and be established as, and makes, when surpassing largest buffered size, the oldest message element being present in corresponding buffer storage unit to be deleted from buffer storage unit.In addition, buffer storage unit forms and is established as, and makes, before surpassing largest buffered size, the oldest message element to be elected to be to the message element that the next one is treated wireless transmission.According to network node of the present invention, for example can comprise network infrastructure device, as interchanger, hub, router or bridge; Wireless base station, as WLAN access point; Or comprise Wireless Telecom Equipment, as mobile wlan client, and with other network node actings in conjunction that correspondingly form under can realize be effectively limited in PRP or HSR communication network in time of delay during employing wireless transmission path.
According to the method for redundant operation industrial communication system according to the present invention, a plurality of communication equipments are connected on industrial communication network redundantly.At this, communication equipment has respectively at least one first and second sending and receiving unit, and described the first and second sending and receiving unit comprise respectively the interface for the network connection of described industrial communication network.Two sending and receiving unit have the identical network address.In addition, communication equipment comprises respectively the signal processing unit being connected with the first and second sending and receiving unit, and described signal processing unit is forwarded to concurrently on two transmitting elements by message to be sent and detects the message of the redundancy being received by receiving element.The message for the treatment of redundant transmission is preferably according to the seamless redundancy protocol of high availability or transmit according to parallel redundancy agreement.
In addition, according to the present invention, be provided with a plurality of network infrastructure device that are associated with industrial communication network, described network infrastructure device comprises respectively a plurality of sending and receivings unit and by the interconnective coupling element in sending and receiving unit of network infrastructure device.In industrial communication network, transmission of messages is wirelessly carried out by means of a plurality of sending and receivings station at least partly.In addition, industrial communication network comprises a plurality of buffer storage units for receiving through a cable on network node and treated the message element of wireless transmission by described network node.Buffer storage unit has respectively largest buffered size.According to the present invention, when surpassing largest buffered size, the oldest message element being present in corresponding buffer storage unit is deleted from buffer storage unit.The oldest message element preferably corresponding to all be present among corresponding buffer storage unit, be first inserted into the message element in buffer storage unit.Before surpassing largest buffered size, the oldest message element is elected to be to the message element that the next one is treated wireless transmission.By this way, especially can in PRP and HSR communication network, avoid unallowed high time of delay.
Except above-mentioned measure or method step, can change the medium access control protocol (Medienzugriffsprotokolle) being especially applied in safe level (according to the layer 2 of OSI Reference Model), as CSMA/CA, message to be sent is just dropped after the time at short retry.In addition, running time, difference also can limit by application iPCF agreement (industrial sites coordination function industrial Point Coordination Function).For with respect to poor improving tolerance running time, also can increase for the length of the sequence number of the message of redundancy each other.According to another preferred design of the method according to this invention, the message of redundancy identifies by unified sequence number each other.For example, the signal processing unit of the communication equipment of redundancy link is given serial number assignment the message for the treatment of redundant transmission.According to another design of the method according to this invention, signal processing unit is assigned memory cell, the sequence number of the message that described cell stores has received error-freely.At this, redundant processing unit is advantageously to the new message inspection receiving stored sequence number.
In addition, can advantageously adjust the configuration of wireless network components, make to allow the possible maximum message size corresponding to PRP or HSR message.When in the situation that when surpassing default permission timeliness deleting message element from corresponding buffer storage unit, draw the further restriction of time of delay according to another design of the method according to this invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Hereinafter, by means of accompanying drawing, elaborate one embodiment of the present of invention.Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 illustrate have a plurality of redundancy links to the network equipment on industrial communication network can redundant operation industrial communication system,
Fig. 2-6 be illustrated under different occupied states for according to the schematic diagram of the buffer circle of the network node of the communication system of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Industrial communication system shown in Figure 1 comprises a plurality of communication equipment 11-14 that are connected to redundantly on two subnets 1,2, and described communication equipment has identical design in the present embodiment.Illustratively, the communication equipment 11 of redundancy link is at length shown, described communication equipment can be assigned to the 110(data acquisition of SCADA system and supervisor control Supervisory Control and data Acquisition), and be connected via interconnect port 117 with described SCADA system.In the present embodiment, the communication equipment 12-14 that remaining connects redundantly distributes to transducer or the actuator system of industrial automation system in level at the scene, for example, distribute to manufacturing machine people 120, for the driver 130 of transfer system or distribute to manipulation and the observation station 140 on production line.
The communication equipment 11-14 of redundancy link has respectively the first and second sending and receiving unit 111-112,121-122,131-132,141-142, and described the first and second sending and receiving unit comprise respectively the interface for the network connection of of the subnet 1,2 to two redundancies.At this, two sending and receiving unit 111-112,121-122,131-132, the 141-142 of the communication equipment 11-14 of redundancy link have identical IP address.
In the communication equipment 11 exemplarily illustrating, the signal processing unit 113 of realizing by means of field programmable gate array is connected with the first and second sending and receiving unit 111-112, and described signal processing unit comprises for message to be sent is walked abreast and is transmitted to the multiplexer module 114 of two transmitting element 111-112.In addition, in order to process the message being received by two receiving element 111-112, be provided with redundant processing unit 115, described redundant processing unit comprises the filter unit 116 for detection of the message of the redundancy receiving.In the present embodiment, the message for the treatment of redundant transmission is transmitted according to parallel redundancy agreement.In principle, according to the transmission of the seamless redundancy protocol of high availability, be feasible.Embodiment is subsequently applicable to this similarly.
The message of redundancy identifies by unified sequence number each other.At this, the signal processing unit of the communication equipment 11-14 of redundancy link is given serial number assignment the message for the treatment of redundant transmission.In addition, signal processing unit is assigned the memory cell of the sequence number of the message that storage received error-freely.On this basis, redundant processing unit for detect the redundancy receiving message and to the new message inspection receiving stored sequence number.
The subnet 1,2 of two redundancies comprises respectively a plurality of relevant network infrastructure device 21-23, is bridge or switch in the present embodiment.For subnet 1, this is exemplarily shown specifically in Fig. 1.Network infrastructure device 21-23 comprises respectively a plurality of sending and receivings unit 211-214 and by the interconnective coupling element 215 of sending and receiving unit 211-214.For simpler general view, this only at large illustrates for network infrastructure device 21 in Fig. 1, yet this is also applicable to two other network infrastructure device 22-23.In the present embodiment, the coupling element 215 of network infrastructure device 21 is realized by having the back plate type switch of the controller 216 being associated.
Transmission path along in subnet 1 according to Fig. 1, wirelessly exchanges messages between two radio station 31-32 based on WLAN.At this, network infrastructure device 21 and radio station 32 are associated with a network node.Network infrastructure device 21 and radio station 31 are assigned respectively the buffer storage unit 217,311 of the message element for receiving through a cable on network node and treated wireless transmission by described network node.Described buffer storage unit 217,311 is preferably configured to buffer circle, and has respectively default largest buffered size.
In Fig. 2 and 3, for buffer storage unit 311, exemplarily illustrate: before surpassing largest buffered size, respectively the oldest Frame FRM1 is elected to be to the Frame 41 that the next one is treated wireless transmission.This is also applicable to after receiving Frame FRM3 the Frame 40 as up-to-date wire transmission.In Fig. 2 and 3, the described Frame 41 for the treatment of wireless transmission as next respectively illustrates in the mode of shade.The oldest Frame FRM1 is corresponding to being first inserted into the Frame in buffer storage unit all among being present in Frame FRM1, FRM2 in buffer storage unit 311, FRM3.
According to Fig. 4 to 6, while surpassing largest buffered size (n) after receiving data frames FRMn+1, FRMn+2 are as the Frame 40 of up-to-date wire transmission, the oldest Frame FRM1, the FRM2 that are present in accordingly in buffer storage unit 311 are deleted from buffer storage unit 311.The mode of closeer shade of usining in Fig. 4 to 6 illustrates corresponding as Frame 42 next to be deleted.Before receiving data frames FRMn+1, described next one Frame to be deleted is FRM1(Fig. 4---after receiving data frames FRMn---).After receiving data frames FRMn+1, described Frame to be deleted is Frame FRM2(Fig. 5), and after receiving data frames FRMn+1, described Frame to be deleted is FRM3(Fig. 6).Except described, be different from FIFO(first in first out) the buffer circle mechanism of mechanism, according to a preferred form of implementation, when surpassing default permission timeliness, from corresponding buffer storage unit, delete Frame.
The feature of the above embodiments not only can realize individually, and can realize with the form of described mutual combination.

Claims (18)

1.一种能冗余操作的工业通信系统，具有：1. An industrial communication system capable of redundant operation, having: -多个冗余连接到工业通信网络上的通信设备，所述通信设备分别具有：- a plurality of redundantly connected communication devices on the industrial communication network, said communication devices respectively having: -至少一个第一发送接收单元以及第二发送和接收单元，所述第一发送接收单元以及第二发送和接收单元分别具有用于所述工业通信网络的网络连接的接口，其中这两个发送和接收单元具有相同的网络地址，- at least one first transceiver unit and a second transceiver unit each having an interface for a network connection of the industrial communication network, wherein the two transmitters have the same network address as the receiving unit, -与所述第一发送和接收单元以及所述第二发送和接收单元连接的信号处理单元，所述信号处理单元具有用于将待发送的消息并行转发给两个发送单元的多路复用器单元以及用于处理由两个接收单元所接收到的消息的冗余处理单元，其中所述冗余处理单元包括设立为用于检测所接收到的冗余的消息的过滤器单元，- a signal processing unit connected to said first sending and receiving unit and said second sending and receiving unit, said signal processing unit having a multiplexing for parallel forwarding of messages to be sent to both sending units A processor unit and a redundant processing unit for processing messages received by the two receiving units, wherein the redundant processing unit includes a filter unit set up to detect redundant messages received, -多个与所述工业通信网络相关联的网络基础设施设备，所述网络基础设施设备分别具有：- a plurality of network infrastructure devices associated with said industrial communication network, said network infrastructure devices respectively having: -多个发送和接收单元，- multiple sending and receiving units, -将网络基础设施设备的所述发送和接收单元相互连接的耦合元件，- a coupling element interconnecting said transmitting and receiving units of network infrastructure equipment, 其特征在于，It is characterized in that, -所述工业通信网络包括多个用于无线的消息传输的发送和接收站，- said industrial communication network comprises a plurality of sending and receiving stations for wireless message transmission, -所述工业通信网络包括多个用于在网络节点上有线地接收到的且由所述网络节点待无线发送的消息元素的缓冲存储单元，其中所述缓冲存储单元分别具有最大缓存大小并且构成和设立为，使得在超过所述最大缓存大小时，将存在于相应的所述缓冲存储单元中的最旧的消息元素从所述缓冲存储单元中删除，以及使得在超过所述最大缓存大小之前，将所述最旧的消息元素选作下一个待无线发送的消息元素。- the industrial communication network comprises a plurality of buffer storage units for message elements received by wire at a network node and to be transmitted wirelessly by the network node, wherein the buffer storage units each have a maximum buffer size and form and set up such that when the maximum cache size is exceeded, the oldest message element present in the corresponding buffer storage unit is deleted from the buffer storage unit, and such that before the maximum cache size is exceeded , selecting the oldest message element as the next message element to be sent wirelessly. 2.根据权利要求1所述的通信系统，2. Communication system according to claim 1, 其中所述缓冲存储单元构成为环形缓冲区。Wherein the buffer storage unit is configured as a ring buffer. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的通信系统，3. A communication system according to claim 1 or 2, 其中所述最旧的消息元素对应于在所有存在于相应的所述缓冲存储单元中的消息元素之中首先插入到所述缓冲存储单元中的消息元素。The oldest message element corresponds to the message element first inserted into the buffer storage unit among all the message elements present in the corresponding buffer storage unit. 4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的通信系统，4. A communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 其中所述缓冲存储单元构成和设立为，使得在超过预设的允许时效时从相应的所述缓冲存储单元中删除消息元素。Wherein the buffer storage unit is configured and set up such that message elements are deleted from the corresponding buffer storage unit when a preset allowable time limit is exceeded. 5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的通信系统，5. A communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 其中彼此冗余的消息通过统一的序列号来标识，以及其中，冗余连接的通信设备的所述信号处理单元设立为用于将序列号分配给待冗余传输的消息。The mutually redundant messages are identified by a uniform sequence number, and the signal processing units of the redundantly connected communication devices are configured to assign sequence numbers to the messages to be transmitted redundantly. 6.根据权利要求5所述的通信系统，6. Communication system according to claim 5, 并且其中所述信号处理单元分配有存储单元，所述存储单元设立为用于存储已经无错地接收到的消息的序列号，以及其中所述冗余处理单元设立为用于在接收到新的消息时检查已经被存储的序列号。And wherein said signal processing unit is assigned a memory unit set up to store sequence numbers of messages which have been received without error, and wherein said redundant processing unit is set up to be used when a new message is received Check the sequence number already stored when checking the message. 7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的通信系统，7. A communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, 其中冗余连接的通信设备的所述信号处理单元借助于现场可编程门阵列实现。The signal processing unit of the redundantly connected communication devices is realized by means of a field programmable gate array. 8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的通信系统，8. A communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, 其中网络基础设施设备的所述耦合元件是高速总线和/或具有相关联的控制器的背板式交换机。Where said coupling elements of the network infrastructure equipment are high-speed buses and/or backplane switches with associated controllers. 9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的通信系统，9. A communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 其中根据高可用性无缝冗余协议和/或根据并行冗余协议来进行待冗余传输的消息的传递。In this case, the transfer of the messages to be redundantly transmitted takes place according to the high-availability seamless redundancy protocol and/or according to the parallel redundancy protocol. 10.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的通信系统，10. A communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, 其中将缓冲存储单元分配给网络基础设施设备或用于无线消息传输的发送和接收站。In this case, buffer memory units are assigned to network infrastructure devices or sending and receiving stations for wireless message transmission. 11.根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的通信系统，11. A communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, 其中所述工业通信网络包括用于无线的消息传输的第一发送和接收站以及第二发送和接收站，并且所述第一发送和接收站是基站，以及其中，所述第二发送和接收站是能连接基站的无线通信设备。wherein said industrial communication network comprises a first sending and receiving station and a second sending and receiving station for wireless message transmission, and said first sending and receiving station is a base station, and wherein said second sending and receiving station A station is a wireless communication device that can connect to a base station. 12.一种用于根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的能冗余操作的工业通信系统的网络节点，所述网络节点具有：12. A network node for a redundantly operable industrial communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, said network node having: -至少一个接收单元，以用于接收有线传输的冗余的消息，- at least one receiving unit for receiving redundant messages transmitted by wire, -至少一个发送单元，以用于发送待无线传输的冗余的消息，- at least one sending unit for sending redundant messages to be transmitted wirelessly, -与所述接收单元连接的且与所述发送单元连接的用于有线接收到的且待无线发送的消息元素的缓冲存储单元，所述缓冲存储单元具有最大缓存大小并且构成和设立为，使得在超过所述最大缓存大小时，将存在于相应的所述缓冲存储单元中的最旧的消息元素从所述缓冲存储单元中删除，以及使得在超过所述最大缓存大小之前，将所述最旧的消息元素选作下一个待无线发送的消息元素。- a buffer storage unit connected to the receiving unit and connected to the sending unit for the message elements received by wire and to be sent wirelessly, the buffer storage unit has a maximum buffer size and is formed and set up such that When the maximum cache size is exceeded, the oldest message element present in the corresponding buffer storage unit is deleted from the buffer storage unit, and the oldest message element is deleted before the maximum cache size is exceeded. The old message element is selected as the next message element to be sent wirelessly. 13.一种用于冗余操作工业通信系统的方法，其中13. A method for redundantly operating an industrial communication system, wherein -将多个通信设备冗余连接到工业通信网络上，其中所述通信设备分别包括：- Redundantly connecting a plurality of communication devices to the industrial communication network, wherein said communication devices respectively comprise: -至少一个第一发送接收单元以及第二发送和接收单元，所述第一发送接收单元以及第二发送和接收单元分别具有用于所述工业通信网络的网络连接的接口，其中两个发送和接收单元具有相同的网络地址，以及- at least one first transceiver unit and a second transceiver unit, each having an interface for a network connection of the industrial communication network, wherein the two transmitter and the receiving unit has the same network address, and -与所述第一发送和接收单元以及所述第二发送和接收单元连接的信号处理单元，所述信号处理单元将待发送的消息并行地转发给两个发送单元并且检测由所述接收单元接收到的冗余的消息，- a signal processing unit connected to the first sending and receiving unit and to the second sending and receiving unit, the signal processing unit forwards the message to be sent in parallel to the two sending units and detects messages sent by the receiving unit received redundant messages, -设有多个与所述工业通信网络相关联的网络基础设施设备，所述网络基础设施设备各自包括：- having a plurality of network infrastructure devices associated with said industrial communication network, said network infrastructure devices each comprising: -多个发送和接收单元，以及- multiple sending and receiving units, and -将网络基础设施设备的所述发送和接收单元相互连接的耦合元件，- a coupling element interconnecting said transmitting and receiving units of network infrastructure equipment, 其特征在于，It is characterized in that, -在工业通信网络中的消息传输至少部分无线地借助于多个发送和接收站进行，- the message transmission in the industrial communication network takes place at least partially wirelessly by means of a plurality of sending and receiving stations, -所述工业通信网络包括多个用于在网络节点上有线地接收到的且由所述网络节点待无线发送的消息元素的缓冲存储单元，其中所述缓冲存储单元分别具有最大缓存大小，- the industrial communication network comprises a plurality of buffer storage units for message elements received by wire at a network node and to be transmitted wirelessly by the network node, wherein the buffer storage units each have a maximum buffer size, -在超过所述最大缓存大小时，将存在于相应的所述缓冲存储单元中的最旧的消息元素从所述缓冲存储单元中删除，- deleting from said buffer storage unit the oldest message element present in the corresponding said buffer storage unit when said maximum cache size is exceeded, -在超过所述最大缓存大小之前，将所述最旧的消息元素选作下一个待无线发送的消息元素。- selecting said oldest message element as the next message element to be sent wirelessly until said maximum buffer size is exceeded. 14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，14. The method of claim 13, 其中所述最旧的消息元素对应于在所有存在于相应的所述缓冲存储单元中的消息元素之中首先插入到所述缓冲存储单元中的消息元素。The oldest message element corresponds to the message element first inserted into the buffer storage unit among all the message elements present in the corresponding buffer storage unit. 15.根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，15. A method according to claim 13 or 14, 其中在超过预设的允许时效时从相应的所述缓冲存储单元中删除消息元素。Wherein, the message element is deleted from the corresponding buffer storage unit when the preset allowable time limit is exceeded. 16.根据权利要求13至15中的任一项所述的方法，16. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, 其中彼此冗余的消息通过统一的序列号来标识，以及其中冗余连接的通信设备的所述信号处理单元将序列号分配给待冗余传输的消息。The mutually redundant messages are identified by a uniform sequence number, and the signal processing units of the redundantly connected communication devices assign sequence numbers to the messages to be transmitted redundantly. 17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，17. The method of claim 16, 并且其中所述信号处理单元分配有存储已经无错地接收到的所述系列号的存储单元，以及其中，所述冗余处理单元对所接收到的新消息检查已经被存储的序列号。And wherein said signal processing unit is assigned a storage unit for storing said sequence number which has been received without error, and wherein said redundancy processing unit checks the already stored sequence number for a new message received. 18.根据权利要求13至17中的任一项所述的方法，18. A method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, 其中根据高可用性无缝冗余协议和/或根据并行冗余协议来传递待冗余传输的消息。In this case, the messages to be transmitted redundantly are transferred according to the high-availability seamless redundancy protocol and/or according to the parallel redundancy protocol.
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