CN103684576A - High-speed data communication method based on minisatellite cluster ad-hoc network - Google Patents

High-speed data communication method based on minisatellite cluster ad-hoc network Download PDF

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CN103684576A
CN103684576A CN201310635168.5A CN201310635168A CN103684576A CN 103684576 A CN103684576 A CN 103684576A CN 201310635168 A CN201310635168 A CN 201310635168A CN 103684576 A CN103684576 A CN 103684576A
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CN103684576B (en
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秦勇
范继
张映南
马伟
刘晓旭
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Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a high-speed data communication method based on a minisatellite cluster ad-hoc network. According to the method, a hybrid network structure is adopted, a minisatellite cluster firstly adopts a centerless ad-hoc network structure, interaction of related information of networking operation control in the cluster is realized, and on the basis, services such routing, route building and control are provided for high-speed transmission of satellite sounding data in the cluster. The hybrid network structure combines advantages of a centerless structure and a centered structure, can realize high-speed transmission of the sounding data in the cluster under the conditions of different mission requirement and different formation configuration, and has a series of advantages of no center, self discovering, automatic configuration, self organization, fault self-recovery, self-adaptive formation changing, high reliability, high availability and the like of a wireless ad-hoc network.

Description

A kind of data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET
Technical field
A kind of data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET of the present invention, belongs to satellite formation networking technical field.
Background technology
Existing communication satellite constellation systems, such as iridium satellite, GlobalStar, satellite is positioned at different orbital planes, forms fixed signs configuration, and satellite-to-satellite link is determined; And Small Satellite Formation Flying's system, such as Techsat-21, TanDEM-X, GRACE etc., the same fixedly formation configuration that adopts, these systems have only been set up fixing intersatellite communication link, do not possess exchanges data and multi-hop transmission ability between star, still be not enough to be referred to as network between star, more can not realize MANET.
The F6 system concept that the U.S. proposes, system energy autonomous operation, support module adds/exits, and in cluster, each module realizes resource-sharing by network, in the face of threatening, can realize Autonomous Reconfiguration.But this system does not provide concrete cluster networking implementation method, does not relate to data high-speed transmission problem yet.
This patent designed system and method with at present both at home and abroad in orbit and in document patent designed system all not identical, there is certain novelty.The basic condition of related system is as follows:
(1) satellite constellation system
(1) Iridium system
The basic condition of IRIDIUM has been described in document " second generation IRIDIUM and lift-launch application scenario thereof, Wu Jianjun Cheng Yu is new etc., the 6th satellite communication new business new technology Annual Conference, 2010.3 ": 66 MEO/LEO Satellite Constellation.
(2) Globalstar system
Document " the eight convergent points soccer star system outline of satellite communication series of lectures; Zhang Gengxin Li Gang etc.; the digital communication world; 2007.12 " has been described GlobalStar basic condition: 48 MEO/LEO Satellite Constellation form with 38 ground gateway stations that are distributed in the whole world, 16 wave beam fixed beam antennas, without inter-satellite link, transparent forwarding on star.System Construction, Operations, Administration and Maintenance cost are very big.
(3) ICO system
ICO system basic condition has been described in document " middle circular orbit satellite communication system ICO, woods are outstanding, Tianjin navigation, 2002.3 ": 10 medium earth orbit satellite constellations and 7 ground juncture stations form, 120 wave beam fixed beam antennas.Multi-beam antenna technical sophistication, system Construction, Operations, Administration and Maintenance cost are high.
(4) rail geo-stationary satellite constellation scheme in
Application number is the patent " middle rail geo-stationary satellite constellation scheme " of CN99106177.2, and designed system forms by being uniformly distributed under the line four of top or five satellites.This scheme covers difficulty for high latitude area, and has only provided Constellation Design, there is no the design about communication means.
(5) a kind of integrated satellite communication system frame and constellation
Application number is the patent " a kind of integrated satellite communication system frame and constellation " of CN99114761.8, designed a kind of Chinese integrated satellite communication system, it is to consist of synchronous satellite and several asynchronous satellites, asynchronous satellite be by rail satellite or Medium Ellipse Orbit Satellites Constellation form, have regional and time sex-limited.This system is communicated by letter with non real-time global metadata for regional real time communication.
(2) satellites formation system
Existing distributed satellites system generally designs for particular task in the world at present, every satellite configuration is identical, integrates several functions, and annexation is based on system function design, generally can not change according to the variation of task and demand, adaptivity and autgmentability are poor.Such as, Techsat-21 plan interstellar distance is at 100m to 5km, and inter-satellite link is mainly the situation of transmitting formation position temporal information and load, and speed is only 128bps [2]; Between TanDEM-X task star, interactive information is mainly positional information and the attitude state information of GPS, and every 10s sends with 32kbps [3]; GRACE inter-satellite link has distance measurement function [4].
Network facet between star, existing system has only been set up fixing intersatellite communication link, does not possess exchanges data and multi-hop transmission ability between star, is still not enough to be referred to as network between star.
(3) F6 satellite system
For the deficiency of distributed isomorphism satellite system, U.S. national defense advanced research projects agency (DARPA) has proposed separation module concept, and has carried out the F6 project [5,6] that realizes this concept.The English full name of F6 is " Future; Fast; Flexible; Fractionated; Free-Flying Spacecraft ", literal translation for by information exchange, connect " following, fast, flexibly, separation module, free flight spacecraft ", be technical research and the demonstration and verification project that U.S. national defense advanced research projects agency carries out separation module concept.
The LEO that U.S. DARPA plans to carry out F6 at 2014-2015 is demonstration and verification in-orbit, and this verification system called after " Pleiades " (Pleiades).Initial target is only its functional attributes that realizes distributed system, i.e. 1. system energy autonomous operation, and support module adds/exits; 2. in cluster, each module realizes resource-sharing by network; 3. in the face of threatening, can realize Autonomous Reconfiguration.
" Pleiades " is (Pleiades) by 7 module compositions, each module flying instrument is controlled functional unit (ACS) and communication function unit (Communications) for general functional unit-platform, to realize module group's formation control and group-net communication.On general utility functions cell location basis, the dedicated functional unit of disparate modules aircraft configuration difference in functionality, comprises transducer load (sensor) unit, storage (Storage) unit, data processing (Processor) unit etc.The module aircraft that has configured dedicated functional unit can complete corresponding special function in module group formation system, between each module aircraft, by communication function unit, realizes on star large capacity storage, data processing and the resource-sharing such as transmission over the ground.
Communication unit between F6 demo system module spacecraft adopts self-organization network technology to realize group-net communication, employing is without central site network structure, between module spacecraft, be peer-to-peer communications node, have without features such as centralization, self-discovery, configuration automatically, self-organizing, fault self-recovery and high reliability and high availability.
But the functions such as all group-net communications of this system, detection data transmission realize by communication function unit is unified, group-net communication is generally low speed directional communication, and detection data is transmitted as high speed beam communication, both integrate and influence each other, autgmentability is poor, and especially the transmission demand for two-forty is difficult to meet very much.And this system does not provide concrete detection data transmission method.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET is provided, this method adopts mixed network structure, realize group net operation in cluster and controlled the mutual of relevant information, based on this, routing, road construction and the control of the high-speed transfer of detection data have been realized.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET, described satellite communication network comprises at least 1 explorer satellite, at least 1 communication satellite, at least 1 transfer satellite over the ground; Explorer satellite comprises formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly, detector and control and management assembly; Communication satellite formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly, communications component, memory and control and management assembly over the ground over the ground; Transfer satellite comprises formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly and control and management assembly;
Data high-speed communication means step is as follows:
(1) according to the desired moonlet cluster of task formation configuration, each satellite formation control assembly carries out track and attitude adjustment to satellite platform;
(2) between each satellite, by network service assembly, adopt self-organizing network method to realize single-hop or multi-hop communication between any two satellites;
(3) control and management assembly carries out the network state management between each satellite and changes real-time update network state information according to formation; Described network state management comprises that control and management assembly obtains the relevant information of this satellite in formation configuration and the state information of obtaining whole network by network service assembly by formation control assembly; Described relevant information comprises positional information and attitude information; Described network state information comprises the whole network routing iinformation, each satellite high-speed transfer component communication ability and use state;
(4) when the detector of explorer satellite need to send detection data, detector sends a request message to control and management assembly, and described request message comprises detection data transmission object communication satellite and transmission rate over the ground;
(5) the control and management assembly of explorer satellite receives after the request message of detector, according to the network state information obtaining in step (3), calculates the optimal transmission paths of detection data;
(6) the control and management assembly of each satellite in optimal transmission paths generates control information according to the optimal transmission paths of calculating in step (5), and sends it to each satellite on transmission path;
(7) each satellite reception arrives the control information in step (6), by its control and management assembly, it is detection data transmission allocation of transmission resources, control high-speed transfer assembly simultaneously and adjust antenna direction, and feedback acknowledgment information is to source node, described source node refers to produce at first the explorer satellite of control message;
(8) when source node receives after the confirmation of each satellite feedback on transmission path, source node sends data transfer instruction to detector, and described data transfer instruction comprises transmission rate and transmission means;
(9) detector carries out detection data transmission according to transfer instruction, and detection data forwards by the satellite in optimal transmission paths in step (5) communication satellite over the ground that achieves the goal successively;
(10) when detector completes after transfer of data, detection data is transmitted to instruction and is sent to control and management assembly;
(11) object over the ground communication satellite receive detection data and be stored in memory, after transmission channel is set up over the ground, by communications component over the ground, the detection data being stored in memory is transferred to ground station;
(12) the control and management assembly of explorer satellite is removed instruction to each satellite transmit path on transmission path;
(13) each satellite reclaims transfer resource according to the chain instruction of tearing open receiving, and detection data transformation task completes.
The explorer satellite of the medium and small satellite cluster of described step (1), the quantity arbitrary disposition according to demand of communication satellite and transfer satellite over the ground.
Optimal transmission paths computational methods in described step (5) are as follows:
(a) control and management assembly is collected path computing required input, described input message comprise communication satellite quantity over the ground, every over the ground communication satellite residue available transmission resources, every over the ground communication satellite remain antenna amount, each antenna direction scope and the current use state of each antenna, the network-in-dialing relation of available storage resources, transfer number of satellite, every transfer satellite high-speed transfer arrangement of components, positional information, attitude information and the running orbit of every satellite; The current use state of described antenna refers to and uses or the free time; Described network-in-dialing relation refers to that interior each moonlet of moonlet cluster can carry out a direct jumping with other which moonlets by network service assembly and communicate by letter
(b) transmission rate that control assembly sends request according to detector and transmitting continuous time, by transmission rate, be multiplied by the transmitting continuous time, calculate required storage resources, in all communication satellites over the ground, select simultaneously and to meet the available storage resources of residue and be greater than satellite that required storage resources and residue available transmission resources be greater than asked transmission rate as alternative object communication satellite over the ground;
(c) control assembly is according to network-in-dialing relation, calculates each alternative object communication satellite and initiate the optional transmission path between the explorer satellite of transmission request over the ground, and wherein said optional transmission path may have many under some formation condition;
(d) control assembly carries out optimal transmission paths selection in all optional transmission paths, and concrete system of selection is as follows:
(d1), in all optional transmission paths, select shortest path, described shortest path to refer to that explorer satellite from initiating transmission request is to the alternative object minimum path of number of satellite of communication satellite process over the ground;
(d2), for the idle antenna of the high-speed transfer assembly of the satellite on shortest path, according to the positional information of satellite, attitude information, running orbit and antenna direction scope, calculate between the antenna direction of the adjacent satellite on transmission path and whether can aim at; Described antenna direction is aimed at and is referred to that between adjacent satellite high-speed transfer assembly, can realize detection data by the antenna of mutual aligning transmits, if can not realize detection data transmission, judgement can not be to criterion;
(d3) if all satellites all meet the condition that the antenna of the adjacent satellite in described step (d2) can be aimed on shortest path, this shortest path is as optimal transmission paths;
(d4) if having at least 1 satellite not meet the condition of the antenna alignment of the adjacent satellite in step (d2) on shortest path,, in the optional transmission path of residue, select shortest path, proceed to step (d2), until select optimal transmission paths.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art:
(1) the present invention adopts mixed network structure, can be under different task demand, different formation configuration, realize the high-speed transfer of detection data in cluster, have simultaneously wireless self-organization network without centralization, self-discovery, configuration automatically, self-organizing, fault self-recovery, the variation of self adaptation formation and high reliability and high availability.
(2) the present invention is by the independent design of group-net communication and detection data transmission assembly, can change at cluster scale, in the situation such as detection data transmission rate raising, realize and keep group-net communication assembly, network control Management Unit, and detection data transmission assembly is along with transmission rate improves and constantly upgrading, therefore, there is good application background adaptability and autgmentability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system configuration schematic diagram of moonlet cluster of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the inventive method flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET, described satellite communication network comprises at least 1 explorer satellite, at least 1 communication satellite, at least 1 transfer satellite over the ground; Explorer satellite comprises formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly, detector and control and management assembly; Communication satellite comprises formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly, communications component, memory and control and management assembly over the ground over the ground; Transfer satellite comprises formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly (a plurality of antennas of high-speed transfer arrangement of components, each antenna has certain coverage) and control and management assembly;
Formation control assembly is realized the control of moonlet running orbit, attitude, by the control of every satellite being realized to the variation of moonlet cluster flight pattern, the formation of wanting with construction system required by task;
Network service assembly adopts self-organization network technology, and the command, control, communications, and information of realizing between moonlet by omnidirectional antenna is mutual, comprises formation control information, network state information etc.;
A plurality of antennas of high-speed transfer arrangement of components, each antenna has certain spatial direction, covers necessarily service, by different antennas, can realize the high-speed transfer that realizes detection data with the satellite of different azimuth;
Detector is for the equipment of remote sensing, such as photographic camera, radar etc. on moonlet;
Control and management assembly is for the control to the transmission of moonlet cluster internal load data high-speed.
Data high-speed communication means step is as follows:
(1) according to the desired moonlet cluster of task formation configuration, each satellite formation control assembly carries out track and attitude adjustment to satellite platform; The explorer satellite of moonlet cluster, the quantity arbitrary disposition according to demand of communication satellite and transfer satellite over the ground.
(2) between each satellite, by network service assembly, adopt self-organizing network method to realize single-hop or multi-hop communication between any two satellites;
(3) control and management assembly carries out the network state management between each satellite and changes real-time update network state information according to formation; Described network state management comprises that control and management assembly obtains the relevant information of this satellite in formation configuration and the state information of obtaining whole network by network service assembly by formation control assembly; Described relevant information comprises positional information and attitude information; Described network state information comprises the whole network routing iinformation, each satellite high-speed transfer component communication ability and use state;
(4) when the detector of explorer satellite need to send detection data, detector sends a request message to control and management assembly, and described request message comprises detection data transmission object communication satellite (object over the ground communication satellite refers to be selected as sending in a plurality of communication satellites over the ground the communication satellite over the ground of data destination) and transmission rate over the ground;
(5) the control and management assembly of explorer satellite receives after the request message of detector, according to the network state information obtaining in step (3), calculates the optimal transmission paths of detection data;
Optimal transmission paths computational methods are as follows:
(a) control and management assembly is collected path computing required input, described input message comprise communication satellite quantity over the ground, every over the ground communication satellite residue available transmission resources, every over the ground communication satellite remain antenna amount, each antenna direction scope and the current use state of each antenna, the network-in-dialing relation of available storage resources, transfer number of satellite, every transfer satellite high-speed transfer arrangement of components, positional information, attitude information and the running orbit of every satellite; The current use state of described antenna refers to and uses or the free time; Described network-in-dialing relation refers to that interior each moonlet of moonlet cluster can carry out a direct jumping with other which moonlets by network service assembly and communicate by letter
(b) transmission rate that control assembly sends request according to detector and transmitting continuous time, by transmission rate, be multiplied by the transmitting continuous time, calculate required storage resources, in all communication satellites over the ground, select simultaneously and to meet the available storage resources of residue and be greater than satellite that required storage resources and residue available transmission resources be greater than asked transmission rate as alternative object communication satellite over the ground;
(c) control assembly is according to network-in-dialing relation, calculates each alternative object communication satellite and initiate the optional transmission path between the explorer satellite of transmission request over the ground, and wherein said optional transmission path may have many under some formation condition;
(d) control assembly carries out optimal transmission paths selection in all optional transmission paths, and concrete system of selection is as follows:
(d1), in all optional transmission paths, select shortest path, described shortest path to refer to that explorer satellite from initiating transmission request is to the alternative object minimum path of number of satellite of communication satellite process over the ground;
(d2), for the idle antenna of the high-speed transfer assembly of the satellite on shortest path, according to the positional information of satellite, attitude information, running orbit and antenna direction scope, calculate between the antenna direction of the adjacent satellite on transmission path and whether can aim at; Described antenna direction is aimed at and is referred to that between adjacent satellite high-speed transfer assembly, can realize detection data by the antenna of mutual aligning transmits, if can not realize detection data transmission, judgement can not be to criterion;
(d3) if all satellites all meet the condition that the antenna of the adjacent satellite in described step (d2) can be aimed on shortest path, this shortest path is as optimal transmission paths;
(d4) if having at least 1 satellite not meet the condition of the antenna alignment of the adjacent satellite in step (d2) on shortest path,, in the optional transmission path of residue, select shortest path, proceed to step (d2), until select optimal transmission paths.
(6) the control and management assembly of each satellite in optimal transmission paths generates control information according to the optimal transmission paths of calculating in step (5), and sends it to each satellite on transmission path;
(7) each satellite reception arrives the control information in step (6), by its control and management assembly, it is detection data transmission allocation of transmission resources (such as time slot allocation), control high-speed transfer assembly simultaneously and adjust antenna direction, and feedback acknowledgment information (represent satellite carried out the acknowledge message of associative operation according to control message) to source node, described source node refers to produce at first the explorer satellite of control message;
(8) when source node receives after the confirmation of each satellite feedback on transmission path, source node sends data transfer instruction to detector, and described data transfer instruction comprises transmission rate and transmission means;
(9) detector carries out detection data transmission according to transfer instruction, and detection data forwards by the satellite in optimal transmission paths in step (5) communication satellite over the ground that achieves the goal successively;
(10) when detector completes after transfer of data, detection data is transmitted to instruction and is sent to control and management assembly;
(11) object over the ground communication satellite receive detection data and be stored in memory, after transmission channel is set up over the ground, by communications component over the ground, the detection data being stored in memory is transferred to ground station;
(12) the control and management assembly of explorer satellite is removed instruction to each satellite transmit path on transmission path;
(13) each satellite reclaims transfer resource according to the chain instruction of tearing open receiving, and detection data transformation task completes.
The unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

1. the data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET, described satellite communication network comprises at least 1 explorer satellite, at least 1 communication satellite, at least 1 transfer satellite over the ground; Explorer satellite comprises formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly, detector and control and management assembly; Communication satellite formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly, communications component, memory and control and management assembly over the ground over the ground; Transfer satellite comprises formation control assembly, network service assembly, high-speed transfer assembly and control and management assembly;
It is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) according to the desired moonlet cluster of task formation configuration, each satellite formation control assembly carries out track and attitude adjustment to satellite platform;
(2) between each satellite, by network service assembly, adopt self-organizing network method to realize single-hop or multi-hop communication between any two satellites;
(3) control and management assembly carries out the network state management between each satellite and changes real-time update network state information according to formation; Described network state management comprises that control and management assembly obtains the relevant information of this satellite in formation configuration and the state information of obtaining whole network by network service assembly by formation control assembly; Described relevant information comprises positional information and attitude information; Described network state information comprises the whole network routing iinformation, each satellite high-speed transfer component communication ability and use state;
(4) when the detector of explorer satellite need to send detection data, detector sends a request message to control and management assembly, and described request message comprises transmission rate and detection data transmits object communication satellite over the ground;
(5) the control and management assembly of explorer satellite receives after the request message of detector, according to the network state information obtaining in step (3), calculates the optimal transmission paths of detection data;
(6) the control and management assembly of each satellite in optimal transmission paths generates control information according to the optimal transmission paths of calculating in step (5), and sends it to each satellite on transmission path;
(7) each satellite reception arrives the control information in step (6), by its control and management assembly, it is detection data transmission allocation of transmission resources, control high-speed transfer assembly simultaneously and adjust antenna direction, and feedback acknowledgment information is to source node, described source node refers to produce at first the explorer satellite of control message;
(8) when source node receives after the confirmation of each satellite feedback on transmission path, source node sends data transfer instruction to detector, and described data transfer instruction comprises transmission rate and transmission means;
(9) detector carries out detection data transmission according to transfer instruction, and detection data forwards by the satellite in optimal transmission paths in step (5) communication satellite over the ground that achieves the goal successively;
(10) when detector completes after transfer of data, detection data is transmitted to instruction and is sent to control and management assembly;
(11) object over the ground communication satellite receive detection data and be stored in memory, after transmission channel is set up over the ground, by communications component over the ground, the detection data being stored in memory is transferred to ground station;
(12) the control and management assembly of explorer satellite is removed instruction to each satellite transmit path on transmission path;
(13) each satellite reclaims transfer resource according to the chain instruction of tearing open receiving, and this time detection data transformation task completes.
2. a kind of data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the explorer satellite of the medium and small satellite cluster of described step (1), the quantity arbitrary disposition according to demand of communication satellite and transfer satellite over the ground.
3. a kind of data high-speed communication means based on moonlet cluster MANET according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the optimal transmission paths computational methods in described step (5) are as follows:
(a) control and management assembly is collected path computing required input, described input message comprise communication satellite quantity over the ground, every over the ground communication satellite residue available transmission resources, every over the ground communication satellite remain antenna amount, each antenna direction scope and the current use state of each antenna, the network-in-dialing relation of available storage resources, transfer number of satellite, every transfer satellite high-speed transfer arrangement of components, positional information, attitude information and the running orbit of every satellite; The current use state of described antenna refers to and uses or the free time; Described network-in-dialing relation refers to that interior each moonlet of moonlet cluster can carry out a direct jumping with other which moonlets by network service assembly and communicate by letter;
(b) transmission rate that control assembly sends request according to detector and transmitting continuous time, by transmission rate, be multiplied by the transmitting continuous time, calculate required storage resources, in all communication satellites over the ground, select simultaneously and to meet the available storage resources of residue and be greater than satellite that required storage resources and residue available transmission resources be greater than asked transmission rate as alternative object communication satellite over the ground;
(c) control assembly is according to network-in-dialing relation, calculates each alternative object communication satellite and initiate the optional transmission path between the explorer satellite of transmission request over the ground, and wherein said optional transmission path may have many under some formation condition;
(d) control assembly carries out optimal transmission paths selection in all optional transmission paths, and concrete system of selection is as follows:
(d1), in all optional transmission paths, select shortest path, described shortest path to refer to that explorer satellite from initiating transmission request is to the alternative object minimum path of number of satellite of communication satellite process over the ground;
(d2), for the idle antenna of the high-speed transfer assembly of the satellite on shortest path, according to the positional information of satellite, attitude information, running orbit and antenna direction scope, calculate between the antenna direction of the adjacent satellite on transmission path and whether can aim at; Described antenna direction is aimed at and is referred to that between adjacent satellite high-speed transfer assembly, can realize detection data by the antenna of mutual aligning transmits, if can not realize detection data transmission, judgement can not be to criterion;
(d3) if all satellites all meet the condition that the antenna of the adjacent satellite in described step (d2) can be aimed on shortest path, this shortest path is as optimal transmission paths;
(d4) if having at least 1 satellite not meet the condition of the antenna alignment of the adjacent satellite in step (d2) on shortest path,, in the optional transmission path of residue, select shortest path, proceed to step (d2), until select optimal transmission paths.
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