The wideband low noise amplifier with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, relate to a kind of low noise amplifier, particularly relate to a kind of wideband low noise amplifier with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action.
Background technology
At the RF of broadband receiver input front end, except the most basic low noise amplification and impedance matching requirement, toward contact, need to meet other requirements, comprise tracking filter (Tracking Filtering), single-ended transfer difference, the two highly stable rank linearities, and more and more lower power consumption etc.A kind of more common way that can meet these requirements is exactly: radio frequency (RF) signal is through after the network or low noise amplifier of single-ended transfer difference, through overdrive (Buffer) level and mutual conductance (Gm) level, be connected in filtering load and complete narrow-band tracking (tracking) filtering, through (Buffer) level of overdriving, arrive frequency mixer (Mixer) more afterwards.Wherein driving (Buffer) level and mutual conductance (Gm) level as intergrade (Interface Stage) can consume many power consumption and area, limits the whole linearity and noise simultaneously.In order to meet these requirements above-mentioned, and reduce the impact of intergrade on performance as far as possible, below the structure of conventional wideband low noise amplifier is analyzed.
Conventional wideband low noise amplifier structure, a lot of all based on single-ended input Single-end output at present.
Wherein the simplest structure comes from the single tube amplification of common grid (Common-gate) or common source (Common-Source).Wherein common source (Common-Source), although add that the structure of input resistance coupling in parallel is very simple, but still is often used.The common shortcoming of these structures is noiseproof feature and the impedance matching performance that is difficult to simultaneously reach.
Except single tube amplifier and simple feedback amplifier, in order to reach lower noise factor when realizing impedance matching, the technology that a lot of wideband low noise amplifier structures adopt noise to eliminate.For example, the structure that Brooker Rayleigh proposes in IEEEJSSC in 2004 publishes thesis " wideband low noise amplifier (Wide-Band CMOS Low-Noise Amplifer Exploiting Thermal Noise Canceling) that adopts thermal noise technology for eliminating ", has realized the elimination of Input matching pipe noise.Afterwards, similarly structure applications is in Digital Television Tuner chip, such as, Gu Puta has adopted similar structure in the paper " the Direct Conversion TV tuner of 48~860MHz (A 48to 860MHz CMOS Direct-Conversion TV Tuner) " that IEEE ISSCC in 2007 delivers.Yet the shortcoming of this structure is to be difficult to obtain good IIP2 performance.The paper that 2009 Nian Dong state English are published in IEEE JSSC " is applied to digital TV tuner; adopt the wideband low noise amplifier (A Wideband CMOS Low Noise Amplifer Employing Noise and IM2Distortion Cancellation for a Digital TV Tuner) of noise and two rank Nonlinear elimination technology ", it has adopted the method for current mirror and CMOS, not only retain the ability that noise is eliminated, more can improve to a certain extent the IIP2 performance of single-ended input Single-end output LNA.But the shortcoming of this structure is: current mirror has limited the bandwidth of circuit working, and a lot of noises of current mirror meeting introducing itself, and the quality of the two rank linearities is relevant with the coupling of PMOS and NMOS to a great extent, and this just makes the Performance Ratio of IIP2 more responsive.The structure of the wideband low noise amplifier of more than introducing, although can realize lower noise factor, all cannot meet on chip the requirement for single-ended transfer difference, and all be difficult to reach the reasonable two rank linearities.
But low noise amplifier (LNA) structure that can realize single-ended transfer difference in broadband is also few, for example, cloth clarke Mel published thesis on IEEE JSSC in 2008 and " can reach balance output simultaneously, broadband single-ended transfer difference low noise amplifier (the Wideband Balun-LNA With Simultaneous Output Balancing of noise elimination and Nonlinear elimination, Noise-Canceling and Distortion-Canceling) ", it has proposed single-ended input, difference output, and can eliminate Input matching low noise amplifier (LNA) structure of bank tube noise altogether.But the shortcoming of this structure is: the Voltage-output that be balanced, the output load resistance value of its two differential circuits needs different large.Like this, the such load filter circuit of similar LC Tank just can not directly be connected on its output.If must realize filtering, just need between LNA and filtering load, insert one-level transconductance stage (Gm) or drive (Buffer) level (being similar to above-mentioned general way), so both limit noiseproof feature, also affected linearity performance, also increased extra power consumption; For example, Lu Zhiyu published thesis on IEEE JSSC in 2010 " be applied to low noise harmonic wave and suppress radio frequency sampling receiver; work in tunable filter and the linearity low-noise amplifier (A 300-800MHz Tunable Filter and Linearized LNA Applied in a Low-Noise Harmonic-Rejection RF-Sampling Receiver) of 300~800M ", and it proposes to adopt reverse CMOS(inverting CMOS stage) the single-ended transfer difference structure that realizes of cascade.Although this structure can realize on sheet, singly turn two, because output cannot realize filtering, filter circuit has been placed on to radio frequency (RF) input, thereby has caused Input matching smaller bandwidth.In addition,, although the method for IIP3 by pre-linear (post-linearization) is guaranteed, its reasonable IIP2 in essence or the coupling by PMOS and NMOS obtains, thereby more responsive.But owing to not adopting noise cancellation technique, the noise factor of whole circuit is larger; For example, east state English publish thesis on the IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques of 2010 " being applied to digital TV tuner; adopt the wideband low noise amplifier (A CMOS Active Feedback Balun-LNA With High IIP2 for Wideband Digital TV Receivers) of noise and two rank Nonlinear elimination technology ", it has proposed to realize single-ended transfer difference by differential pair, and by differential-to-single-ended feedback, realizes the structure of Broadband Matching.This structure has highly stable IIP2 performance and very symmetrical difference output.But its shortcoming is the impedance operator coupling that directly impact is inputted of output, thereby cannot realize low noise amplification and filtering in one-level, and extra mutual conductance meeting limit noise and the linearity increase power consumption and area simultaneously, for example, wheat abundant published thesis on IEEE JSSC in 2011, and " area is 0.46mm2, noise factor is 4dB, the receiver front end that is applied to Whole frequency band mobile TV (A 0.46-mm24-dB NF Unified Receiver Front-End for Full-Band Mobile TV in 65-nm CMOS) that 65nm CMOS technique realizes ", the noise canceller circuit proposing based on Nuo Ta team, a part of mutual conductance is become to AC to be connected, and insert multistage difference current balancer (DCB-Differential Current Balancer) circuit so that output difference balance-dividing, realized and reasonablely singly turned two.And because output loading is identical, this structure can directly connect LC narrow-band filtering in output.The shortcoming of this structure is: the balance of output two-way realizes by multistage DCB circuit, is so limited to the voltage margin (Headroom) of circuit, is limited to again the regulating power of DCB circuit.When its regulating power is subject in limited time, input still faces the choice of noise factor and impedance matching.But the IIP2 Performance Ratio of this circuit is more responsive, is easily subject to power supply, the impact of load and DCB circuit performance; For example, Da Niluo has delivered paper " the low-power consumption low noise active double circuit (A Broadband Low-Power Low-Noise Active Balun With Second-Order Distortion Cancellation) that singly turns in broadband with two rank Nonlinear elimination abilities " on the IEEE JSSC of 2012, on the noise canceller circuit basis of Nuo tower team, proposed to adopt common-mode feedback to improve the single-ended transfer difference structure of the two rank linearities equally.Although this structure can realize good IIP2 and NF, due to the imbalance of output two-way load, unless used extra driving (Buffer) level or mutual conductance (Gm) level, not so the such load filter circuit of similar LC Tank just can not be realized.
Therefore, also do not see and can in one-level, can realize single-ended transfer difference at present, there is LC filter action, and there is low-down noise and the wideband low noise amplifier structure of stablizing the two rank linearities.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wideband low noise amplifier with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action, for solving the structure of prior art wideband low noise amplifier, do not there is filter action, and the problem of the linearity performance, noiseproof feature and the impedance matching performance that are difficult to simultaneously reach.
For achieving the above object and other relevant objects, the invention provides a kind of wideband low noise amplifier with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action.Described wideband low noise amplifier comprises: the first transconductance stage, the second transconductance stage, the 3rd transconductance stage, feedback network and the first load;
The first transconductance stage and the second transconductance stage, the first transconductance stage is in parallel with the second transconductance stage, the input of described the first transconductance stage is connected with a voltage input end, the first output of the first transconductance stage is connected with the first input end of the 3rd transconductance stage, and the second output of the first transconductance stage is connected with the second input of the 3rd transconductance stage; The input of the second transconductance stage is connected with described voltage input end, and the first output of the second transconductance stage is connected with the first output of described the 3rd transconductance stage, and the second output of the second transconductance stage is connected with the second output of the 3rd transconductance stage; The first transconductance stage and the second transconductance stage are for input voltage;
Feedback network, the output of feedback network is connected with described voltage input end, and the first input end of feedback network is connected with the second output of described the first transconductance stage, and the second input of feedback network is connected with the first output of described the first transconductance stage; Described feedback network is used for converting the differential signal of described the first transconductance stage to single-ended signal, and feeds back to voltage input end formation feedback loop;
The 3rd transconductance stage, the first input end of the 3rd transconductance stage is connected with the first output of described the first transconductance stage, the second input of the 3rd transconductance stage is connected with the second output of described the first transconductance stage, the first output of the 3rd transconductance stage is connected with the first output of described the second transconductance stage, and the second output of the 3rd transconductance stage is connected with the second output of described the second transconductance stage; Described the 3rd transconductance stage is for superimposed by the electric current of the electric current of the voltage transitions one-tenth of described the first transconductance stage output and the output of the second transconductance stage;
The first load, one end of the first load is connected with the first output of described the 3rd transconductance stage, and the other end of the first load is connected with the second output of described the 3rd transconductance stage; Described the first load is for generation of the differential voltage signal of arrowband.
Preferably, described feedback network comprises the second load, feedback resistance and feedback amplifier.
Preferably, one end of described feedback resistance is connected with described voltage input end, and the other end of feedback resistance is connected with the output of described feedback amplifier.
Preferably, the first input end of described feedback amplifier is connected with one end of the second load, and the second input of feedback amplifier is connected with the other end of the second load.
Preferably, the voltage signal that described the first transconductance stage produces in the second load feeds back to voltage input end through described feedback amplifier and described feedback resistance.
Preferably, described the first load is passive narrow-band filtering circuit or with the load circuit of frequency change.
Preferably, the phase place that the noise of described the first transconductance stage output is exported by the 3rd transconductance stage, with the single spin-echo of exporting through the second transconductance stage again by described feedback network.
As mentioned above, the wideband low noise amplifier with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action of the present invention, has following beneficial effect:
1, the circuit structure that the present invention proposes is when realizing wideband low noise amplification and LC narrow-band filtering, need to not insert between the two extra driving (Buffer) level or mutual conductance (Gm) level, thereby effectively improve the linearity and the noiseproof feature of integrated circuit.
2, the present invention has realized single-ended transfer difference function, and two-way is the output of balance very, has also guaranteed extraordinary IIP2 performance.
3, the present invention has also utilized noise cancellation technique, and noise requirements and impedance matching are required to be separated, and has eliminated because the transistorized noise that impedance matching is introduced has reached extraordinary noiseproof feature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is shown as the circuit diagram that conventional wideband low noise amplifier is realized narrow-band filtering.
What Fig. 2 was shown as topological A singly turns double circuit schematic diagram.
What Fig. 3 was shown as topological B singly turns double circuit schematic diagram.
What Fig. 4 was shown as topological C singly turns double circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is shown as the schematic diagram with the wideband low noise amplifier of single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is shown as the schematic diagram of the wideband low noise amplifier with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action that the present invention includes concrete feedback network.
Element numbers explanation
1 first transconductance stage
2 second transconductance stage
3 the 3rd transconductance stage
4 feedback networks
5,41 loads
42 feedback resistances
43 feedback amplifiers
Embodiment
Below, by specific instantiation explanation embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily by the disclosed content of this specification.The present invention can also be implemented or be applied by other different embodiment, and the every details in this specification also can be based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modifications or change not deviating under spirit of the present invention.
Refer to accompanying drawing.It should be noted that, the diagram providing in the present embodiment only illustrates basic conception of the present invention in a schematic way, satisfy and only show with assembly relevant in the present invention in graphic but not component count, shape and size drafting while implementing according to reality, during its actual enforcement, kenel, quantity and the ratio of each assembly can be a kind of random change, and its assembly layout kenel also may be more complicated.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.
The conventional wideband low noise amplifier of realizing narrow-band filtering as shown in Figure 1, RF signal is through after the network or low noise amplifier of single-ended transfer difference, through overdrive (Buffer) level and mutual conductance (Gm) level, be connected in filtering load and complete narrow-band tracking (tracking) filtering, through (Buffer) level of overdriving, arrive frequency mixer (Mixer) more afterwards.Wherein driving (Buffer) level and mutual conductance (Gm) level as intergrade (Interface Stage) can consume many power consumption and area, limits the whole linearity and noise simultaneously.
Singly turn double circuit and have a variety of topological structures, topological A as shown in Figure 2, it adopts mode the most intuitively to realize single-ended transfer difference, for example, " be applied to low noise harmonic wave and suppress radio frequency sampling receiver, work in tunable filter and the linearity low-noise amplifier (A 300-800MHz Tunable Filter and Linearized LNA Applied in a Low-Noise Harmonic-Rejection RF-Sampling Receiver) of 300~800M " adopted this kind of structure, but this structure faces the problem of resistance matching problem and noise factor.Topological B as shown in Figure 3, its comprised much based on common grid, add common source singly turn double circuit.Such as " can reach balance output simultaneously, broadband single-ended transfer difference low noise amplifier (the Wideband Balun-LNA With Simultaneous Output Balancing of noise elimination and Nonlinear elimination, Noise-Canceling and Distortion-Canceling) ", " area is 0.46mm2, noise factor is 4dB, the receiver front end that is applied to Whole frequency band mobile TV (A 0.46-mm24-dB NF Unified Receiver Front-End for Full-Band Mobile TV in 65-nm CMOS) that 65nm CMOS technique realizes ", " the low-power consumption low noise active double circuit (A Broadband Low-Power Low-Noise Active Balun With Second-Order Distortion Cancellation) that singly turns in broadband with two rank Nonlinear elimination abilities " wherein the Gm1 of forward provides and can input Broadband Matching, its noise can be eliminated, thereby realize lower noise factor number." area is 0.46mm2, noise factor is 4dB, the receiver front end that is applied to Whole frequency band mobile TV (A 0.46-mm24-dB NF Unified Receiver Front-End for Full-Band Mobile TV in 65-nm CMOS) that 65nm CMOS technique realizes " and " the low-power consumption low noise active double circuit (A Broadband Low-Power Low-Noise Active Balun With Second-Order Distortion Cancellation) that singly turns in broadband with two rank Nonlinear elimination abilities " by the method for some feedbacks, topological B is improved, improve its output degree of balance or two rank linearities.But topological B still faces the balance (trade-off) of output difference balance-dividing, noise and impedance matching.When noise and impedance matching are all relatively good, the imbalance of output two differential circuits makes it cannot directly connect filtering load circuit.Topological C as shown in Figure 4, it has comprised the circuit structure of similar " the active feedback list that is applied to the better two rank linearities of having of wideband digital television receiver turns two low noise amplifiers (A CMOS Active Feedback Balun-LNA With High IIP2 for Wideband Digital TV Receivers) ", it realizes Input matching by producing differential-to-single-ended feedback, guarantee the balance of output two differential circuits simultaneously, the shortcoming of topology C is that the impedance operator of output can directly affect the coupling of input, thereby cannot directly connect filtering load.
Embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of wideband low noise amplifier with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action, and as shown in Figure 5, described wideband low noise amplifier comprises: the first transconductance stage 1, the second transconductance stage 2, the 3rd transconductance stage 3, feedback network 4 and load 5.Wherein, as shown in Figure 6, feedback network 4 comprises load 41, feedback resistance 42(Rfb) and feedback amplifier 43(Amp-fb).The inner annexation of width low noise amplifier is: the first transconductance stage 1 and the second transconductance stage 2, the first transconductance stage 1 is in parallel with the second transconductance stage 2, the input of the first transconductance stage 1 is connected with a voltage input end Vin, the first output of the first transconductance stage 1 is connected with the first input end of the 3rd transconductance stage 3, and the second output of the first transconductance stage 1 is connected with the second input of the 3rd transconductance stage 3; The input of the second transconductance stage 2 is connected with described voltage input end Vin, and the first output of the second transconductance stage 2 is connected with the first output of described the 3rd transconductance stage 3, and the second output of the second transconductance stage 2 is connected with the second output of the 3rd transconductance stage 3; One end of the load 41 of feedback network 4 is connected with the first input end of feedback amplifier 43, the other end of load 41 is connected with the second input of feedback amplifier 43, the output of feedback amplifier 43 is connected with one end of feedback resistance 42, and the other end of feedback resistance 42 is connected with voltage input end.The first input end of the 3rd transconductance stage 3 is connected with the first output of described the first transconductance stage 1, the second input of the 3rd transconductance stage 3 is connected with the second output of described the first transconductance stage 1, the first output of the 3rd transconductance stage 3 is connected with the first output of the second transconductance stage 2, and the second output of the 3rd transconductance stage 3 is connected with the second output of described the second transconductance stage 2; One end of load 5 is connected with the first output of the 3rd transconductance stage 3, and the other end of load 5 is connected with the second output of the 3rd transconductance stage 3; Wherein, the first transconductance stage 1 and the second transconductance stage 2 are for input voltage; Described feedback network 4 is for converting the dual-port of described the first transconductance stage 1 to single port, and feeds back to voltage input end and form feedback loop.The 3rd transconductance stage 3 is for superimposed by the electric current of the electric current of the voltage transitions one-tenth of described transconductance stage 1 output and the second transconductance stage 2 outputs; Described load 5 is for generation of the differential voltage signal of arrowband.
The present embodiment is by univoltage input Vin, and adopt two the first transconductance stage 1 in parallel and the second transconductance stage 2 as input, the voltage signal that the electric current of wherein said transconductance stage 1 output produces in load 41 makes its differential signal convert single-ended signal to by feedback amplifier 43 in feedback network 4 and feedback resistance 42 on the one hand, and fed back to voltage input end Vin formation feedback loop, realize the Broadband Matching of voltage input end Vin.The electric current voltage signal that the first transconductance stage 1 produces in load 41 on the other hand, that export by the 3rd transconductance stage 3, superimposed with the output current of the second transconductance stage 2, this electric current is after overload 5 filtering, produce the differential voltage signal of arrowband, the wideband low noise of having realized single-stage amplifies and narrow-band filtering.Described load 5 can be passive narrow-band filtering circuit or with the load circuit of frequency change.Finally, output cathode voltage and cathode voltage, realize single-input double-output.
The structure of the wideband low noise amplifier that the present embodiment provides has following characteristics:
1, the two differential circuits that enters load 5 can connect identical load, and the second transconductance stage 2 and the 3rd transconductance stage 3 output impedance are high resistant, the structure of described this wideband low noise amplifier can directly connect the load circuit with frequency change, comprise the narrow-band filtering circuit that LC oscillating circuit forms, or rear class load impedance, for example, input impedance of frequency mixer etc.; Because the structure of this wideband low noise amplifier can directly connect LC filtering load, reduced the intergrade of low noise amplification and narrow-band filtering, be conducive to realize good global noise and the linearity;
2, described wideband low noise amplifier utilizes the buffer action of the 3rd transconductance stage 3, can realize simultaneously input Broadband Matching and output narrow-band filtering, and between be independent of each other;
3, after the conversion of described wideband low noise amplifier through the first transconductance stage 1 and the second transconductance stage 2, become the two-way of difference, circuit afterwards such as, the 3rd transconductance stage 3 and load 5, it can be fully differential circuit, as long as the first transconductance stage 1 and the second transconductance stage 2 have good single-ended transfer difference performance, just can obtain at the output of this amplifier the good difference output of amplitude and phase matched like this.And such transconductance stage realizes than being easier to.
4, because the 3rd transconductance stage 3 and load 5 are fully differential circuit, this amplifier will obtain reasonable IIP2 performance, just depends on the two rank linearities of the first transconductance stage 1, the second transconductance stage 2 and feedback network.As long as take suitable circuit, the two rank linearities of the first transconductance stage 1, the second transconductance stage 2 and feedback network can be accomplished relatively good and stable, so this amplifier can obtain the reasonable two rank linearities in principle.
5, according to noise analysis, can find, the first transconductance stage 1 is as the necessary part of realizing Input matching, its output noise arrives the phase place of output by the 3rd transconductance stage 3, with just in time contrary through the phase place of the second transconductance stage 2 arrival outputs again by feedback network 4, so under certain condition, the output noise of the first transconductance stage 1 can be eliminated.Greatly reduced like this deterioration because of impedance matching requirement and to noise.And the noise of the 3rd transconductance stage 3 can be decayed by prime amplification, it is main in noise contribution, only having like this second transconductance stage 2, and described amplifier can be realized low-down noise factor, and does not affect width matching performance;
6, described amplifier is full symmetric, thus can switch to fully differential pattern at any time, to reach better performance.
The wideband low noise amplifier 1 with single-ended transfer difference ability and filter action provided by the present invention), for overall noise and the linearity, at RF input, adopt single-stage to realize the circuit structure of low noise amplification and LC filtering.And in one-level, realize single-ended transfer difference simultaneously, and Broadband Matching, narrow-band filtering reaches low-down noise factor and extraordinary two rank linearity performances simultaneously; 2) in order to make impedance matching requirement as far as possible little on noiseproof feature impact, in the structure of single-ended transfer difference, realized the noise of difference and eliminated.
In sum, the present invention has effectively overcome various shortcoming of the prior art and tool high industrial utilization.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all can, under spirit of the present invention and category, modify or change above-described embodiment.Therefore, such as in affiliated technical field, have and conventionally know that the knowledgeable, not departing from all equivalence modifications that complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought or changing, must be contained by claim of the present invention.