CN103683396A - Self-adaptive battery equalization charge device and method with turnover protection function - Google Patents
Self-adaptive battery equalization charge device and method with turnover protection function Download PDFInfo
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- CN103683396A CN103683396A CN201310619867.0A CN201310619867A CN103683396A CN 103683396 A CN103683396 A CN 103683396A CN 201310619867 A CN201310619867 A CN 201310619867A CN 103683396 A CN103683396 A CN 103683396A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a self-adaptive battery equalization charge device and method with a turnover protection function. The charge device comprises at least one charged unit, multiple voltage detection and turnover circuits, a charging unit and a controlling unit. Each charged unit is provided with multiple serially-connected cells, and the voltage detection and turnover circuits are in one-to-one correspondence to the cells so as to detect charging voltage state of each cell. The charging unit is provided with a charging circuit used for outputting voltage so as to charge the cells in each charged unit, and the charging circuit is connected with the serially-connected cells in each charged unit so as to form a charging loop. When at least one of the voltage detection and turnover circuits detects that the corresponding cells are fully charged, the controlling unit firstly lowers output voltage of the charging circuit, then separates the fully-charged cells from the charging loop, and automatically regulates the output voltage of the charging circuit according to the number of the remaining cells in the charging loop.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery charge balancing protection field, particularly, relate to a kind of adaptive battery balanced charging device and method with upset defencive function.
Background technology
Traditional battery pack is often all in series by a plurality of battery cores, and when battery pack or brand-new state, the internal resistance of each battery core is more or less the same.Yet in battery pack, used after a period of time, between the internal resistance of each battery core, small difference can become increasing originally, and forms vicious circle fast.Finally cause the battery core that internal resistance is large easier of the damage too early of overcharging.
If simply the battery core of damage is replaced with to new battery core, there will be again the internal resistance of new battery core and the unmatched problem of the internal resistance of old battery core, the problem that still can cause other battery cores to damage too early, this namely battery manufacturer forbid one of reason that new used batteries are mixed.
And mainly adopt for the various equalizing charge protective circuits of battery pack now, continue balanced (or approximate continue balanced) charging technique, when completing equalizing charge, make in electric battery core, to add all the time maximum charging voltage being full of, can produce so following two problems: first, for having the battery core of electrolyte, can increase extra electrolyte loss, shorten the useful life of battery core; The second, the battery core for there is no electrolyte, adds maximum charging voltage to battery core for a long time, and the easy bulge of battery core, is unfavorable for extending the useful life of battery core equally.
In addition, in existing battery charge balancing resist technology, also there is following technology: as long as have one to be full of electricity, will cut off charging current in a plurality of battery cores of series connection, to protect this to be full of electric battery core, be unlikely to damage, or cause danger.But so other are not full of electric battery core and will be not fully filled for a long time electricity, thereby make these battery cores often reduce the capacity of battery pack in power shortage state, the long drawbacks such as serious shortening of life-span that can cause battery pack of time one.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above, technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of adaptive battery balanced charging device and method with upset defencive function is provided, and can effectively realize the equalizing charge of battery pack, to extend the useful life of battery pack.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of adaptive battery balanced charging device is provided, comprise: at least one is recharged unit, respectively be recharged unit and possess a plurality of battery cores that are in series, and corresponding to detect a plurality of voltage detecting and the reverse circuit of the charging voltage state of each battery core one by one with each battery core; Charhing unit, described charhing unit possesses the charging circuit to charge to being respectively recharged the battery core of unit for output voltage, described charging circuit be respectively recharged in unit described in a plurality of battery cores of being in series be connected to form charge circuit; And control unit, at least one in described a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit of described control unit detects and when the battery core corresponding with it is full of electricity, first reduces the voltage that described charging circuit is exported, subsequently this is full of to electric battery core and departs from from described charge circuit, and according to the quantity of remaining battery core in described charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of described charging circuit output.
According to the present invention, the charging circuit that charhing unit is possessed is connected to form charge circuit with a plurality of battery cores that are in series that are respectively recharged in unit, thereby the voltage of exporting by described charging circuit charges to the battery core being respectively recharged in unit, and under charged state, by each voltage detecting and roll-over unit, detect in real time the charging voltage of each battery core, control unit is configured to be full of electricity once the battery core detecting by voltage detecting and roll-over unit in this battery pack, this is full of to electric battery core departs from from charge circuit, thereby automatically stop the charging to this battery core, and the battery core of other underfill electricity is proceeded to charging, in addition, owing to being according to remaining battery core number of charging in charge circuit, automatically adjust the output voltage of charhing unit.Thereby can meet at any time the requirement to three sections of curves in batteries charging process.To the charging control of other battery core, the rest may be inferred.In the present invention, this charging circuit can be constant current voltage limiting charging circuit.
Charging device of the present invention has fabulous adaptability, can be applied in the battery pack of any series connection, especially for use in particularly suitable in the battery pack of various high values, for example, can, for lead-acid battery, lithium battery are charged, possess fabulous series connection expanded function simultaneously.And compare there is circuit when realizing equalizing charge simple, with low cost, high reliability of this charging device and existing other battery charge balancing protective devices.
In the present invention, can be also, the described unit that is respectively recharged also comprises and described each battery core switch one to one, and described control unit is controlled described switch optionally the corresponding battery core of this switch cut from described charge circuit or to be cut out.
According to the present invention, can by with each battery core switch one to one, effectively by the optionally incision or cut out from described charge circuit of the corresponding battery core of this switch.
In the present invention, can be also, described in be recharged unit and also comprise the isolating device being connected between each voltage detecting and reverse circuit and described control unit for transmission of signal or power supply.
According to the present invention, can effectively realize transmission of signal or the power supply between each voltage detecting and reverse circuit and control unit by isolating device.
In the present invention, can be also, described control unit comprise the host computer that is arranged in described charhing unit and be arranged on described in be respectively recharged the slave computer in unit; Each slave computer receives and stores the signal detecting from described voltage detecting and reverse circuit; Described host computer scans to obtain to described slave computer the signal that described slave computer is stored, the voltage of exporting according to charging circuit described in described signal controlling, and by described slave computer, described switch is controlled.
According to the present invention, can be by being respectively recharged by being arranged on host computer in charhing unit and being arranged on the control procedure that control unit that the slave computer in unit forms is realized charging device of the present invention effectively.
In the present invention, can be also that described slave computer is configured to thereon after electricity to provide independent current source for voltage detecting described in each and reverse circuit.
According to the present invention, can realize passive isolation scanning and detect, make voltage detecting and reverse circuit and attached isolating device just can consume small electric current when charging scanning, when depositing at ordinary times or using, almost there is no quiescent current, very power saving.
In the present invention, can be also by wired or wireless mode, to communicate between described host computer and described each slave computer.
According to the present invention, can effectively realize the communication between host computer and each slave computer by wired or wireless mode, be conducive to the whole control procedure of charging device.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of adaptive battery balanced charging method, comprising: provide at least one to be recharged unit, be respectively recharged unit and possess a plurality of battery cores that are in series; The charging circuit that charhing unit is possessed is connected to form charge circuit with a plurality of battery cores that are in series that are respectively recharged in unit, thereby the voltage of exporting by described charging circuit charges to the battery core being respectively recharged in unit; By being respectively recharged in unit, a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detect the charging voltage state of each battery core one to one with each battery core; At least one by control unit in described a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detects and when the battery core corresponding with it is full of electricity, first reduces the voltage that described charging circuit is exported, subsequently this is full of to electric battery core and departs from from described charge circuit, and according to the quantity of remaining battery core in described charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of described charging circuit output.
According to the present invention, can under charged state, detect the charging voltage of each battery core in real time, once the battery core detecting in this battery pack, be full of electricity, automatically stop the charging to this battery core, and the battery core of other underfill electricity is proceeded to charging, in addition,, owing to being according to the battery core number of charging, automatically adjust the output voltage of charhing unit.Thereby can meet at any time the requirement to three sections of curves in batteries charging process.
In the present invention, also can be, by described be full of electric battery core and depart from from described charge circuit after, voltage status with the corresponding voltage detecting of this battery core and this battery core of reverse circuit continuation detection, when the voltage that this battery core detected is when set point is above, described control unit does not respond the change in voltage of this battery core, and when the voltage that this battery core detected is during lower than described set point, described control unit accesses this battery core in described charge circuit again, maximum voltage value when wherein, described set point is full of electricity lower than this battery core.
According to the present invention, for being full of electric battery core, control unit makes the voltage detecting corresponding with this battery core and roll-over unit automatic turning and continues to detect in real time the voltage of this battery core, in the scope that the permission voltage of the setting of this battery core falls (being between above-mentioned maximum voltage value and set point), no longer respond the variation of the voltage of this battery core, thereby avoided again this being full of to electric battery core, carry out unnecessary charging.This is owing to departing from from charge circuit when this battery core is full of electricity; thereby charhing unit stops its charging; the voltage of this battery core can reduce gradually naturally thus; this change procedure is very slow, in general, and in the charge cycle of several hours; the voltage that has been full of electric battery core can not decline too much; by rational design, only the voltage drop in this battery core arrives lower than set point, just can automatically again to this battery core, charge.
In the present invention, can be also, described control unit comprise the host computer that is arranged in described charhing unit and be arranged on described in be respectively recharged the slave computer in unit; By each slave computer, receive and store the signal detecting from described voltage detecting and reverse circuit; By described host computer, described slave computer is scanned to obtain the signal that described slave computer is stored, and the voltage that described host computer is exported according to charging circuit described in described signal controlling, and optionally control the incision of battery core from described charge circuit or cut out via described slave computer.
According to the present invention, can be by being respectively recharged the control unit that the slave computer in unit forms and effectively realizing charging method of the present invention by being arranged on host computer in charhing unit and being arranged on.
In the present invention, can be also that described host computer is identified each slave computer by obtaining the address information of each slave computer and the battery core information that is recharged unit under each slave computer.
According to the present invention, host computer can be identified each slave computer by obtaining the address information of each slave computer and the battery core information that is recharged unit under each slave computer, thus, can after host computer is identified each slave computer, carry out charging process.
In the present invention, also can be, after described slave computer powers on, by this slave computer, take the mode of isolation provides the independent current source of mutual isolation as voltage detecting described in each and reverse circuit, in the mode by isolation, receives the signal that voltage detecting and reverse circuit are exported described in each.
According to the present invention, can realize passive isolation scanning and detect, make voltage detecting and reverse circuit and attached isolating device just can consume small electric current when charging scanning, when depositing at ordinary times or using, almost there is no quiescent current, very power saving.
In the present invention, can be also, when described a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detect the battery core corresponding with it and be all full of electricity, by control unit, disconnect being connected of described charging circuit and each battery core, and by each battery core automatically series connection for use.
According to the present invention, by when all battery cores being detected and be all full of electricity, automatically cut off the charging of charhing unit to battery core, thereby can thoroughly stop the phenomenon of overcharging, and and then make to be respectively full of electric battery core and automatically connect, for follow-up use.
According to another aspect of the invention, provide a kind of adaptive battery balanced charging method, comprising: by a charge circuit, a plurality of battery cores that are in series are charged; Detect the charging voltage state of each battery core; When at least one battery core being detected and be full of electricity, this is full of to electric battery core and from described charge circuit, departs from; According to the quantity of remaining battery core in described charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of exporting to described charge circuit.
According to the present invention, can when charging, detect in real time the charging voltage state of each battery core, when at least one battery core being detected and be full of electricity, automatically stop the charging to this battery core, and the battery core of other underfill electricity is proceeded to charging, in addition,, owing to being according to the battery core quantity of charging, automatically adjust the voltage of exporting to charge circuit.Thereby can meet at any time the requirement to three sections of curves in batteries charging process.
According to following embodiment and with reference to accompanying drawing, will understand better above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram illustrating according to an example of adaptive battery balanced charging device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram that is applicable to an example of the charhing unit in the charging device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the example flow diagram of the course of work of the charhing unit shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the schematic state transition graph of the charhing unit shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the detailed maps that is recharged the control unit slave computer in unit that is installed on the charging device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the example flow diagram of the course of work that is recharged unit in the charging device shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete example, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram illustrating according to an example of adaptive battery balanced charging device of the present invention.In the example shown in Fig. 1, the four battery core battery pack of conventional 48V/20A in electric bicycle of take illustrate as example, and wherein the voltage of each battery core is 12V, and its maximum charging voltage is 14V.And Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram that is applicable to an example of the charhing unit in the charging device shown in Fig. 1.
In the example shown in Fig. 1, charging device of the present invention comprises and is recharged unit 1.Be recharged unit 1 and can possess a plurality of battery cores that are in series.As shown in Figure 1, this is recharged unit 1 and possesses four battery core B1-B4 that are in series.And this is recharged unit 1 and also comprises corresponding to detect a plurality of voltage detecting and the reverse circuit of the charging voltage state of each battery core B1-B4 one by one with each battery core B1-B4.
Charging device of the present invention also comprises charhing unit 2, and specifically as shown in Figure 2, this charhing unit 2 possesses the charging circuit to charge to being recharged the battery core B1-B4 of unit 1 for output voltage, for example, can be constant current voltage limiting charging circuit.This constant current voltage limiting charging circuit is connected to form charge circuit with a plurality of battery core B1-B4 that are in series that are recharged in unit 1.
The present invention also comprises control unit, at least one in above-mentioned a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit of this control unit detects and when the battery core corresponding with it is full of electricity, first reduces the voltage that the constant current voltage limiting charging circuit in charhing unit 2 is exported, subsequently this is full of to electric battery core and departs from from above-mentioned charge circuit, and according to the quantity of remaining battery core in charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of constant current voltage limiting charging circuit output.Particularly, when at least one in above-mentioned a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detects the battery core corresponding with it and is full of electricity, the required maximum charging voltage of lower voltage to battery core that constant current voltage limiting charging circuit in charhing unit 2 is exported, in this example, for example, can be 14V.For example, if when detecting this and be recharged a battery core in unit and be full of electricity, the output voltage that is about to charging circuit is reduced to 14V, with being about to be full of electric battery core, from charge circuit, depart from, subsequently, according to the quantity of remaining battery core in charge circuit (being for example three at this), the voltage of this charging circuit output is adjusted into remaining three charging voltage 42V that battery core is required automatically from 14V again.This control unit for example can be realized by MCU.
In addition, by above-mentioned be full of electric battery core and depart from from charge circuit after, voltage status with the corresponding voltage detecting of this battery core and this battery core of reverse circuit continuation detection, when the voltage that this battery core detected is when set point is above, control unit does not respond the change in voltage of this battery core, thereby avoided again this being full of to electric battery core, carries out unnecessary charging.And when the voltage that this battery core detected is during lower than set point, control unit accesses this battery core in charge circuit again, wherein, maximum charging voltage value when this set point is full of electricity lower than this battery core.This is owing to departing from from charge circuit when battery core is full of electricity; thereby charhing unit stops its charging; the voltage of this battery core can reduce gradually naturally thus; this change procedure is very slow; in general; in the charge cycle of several hours; the voltage that has been full of electric battery core can not decline too much; by rational design; only when the voltage drop of this battery core arrives lower than above-mentioned set point; just can automatically again to this battery core, charge, this set point can be set voluntarily according to actual conditions.Particularly, when detecting, need to re-start when charging to the above-mentioned battery core departing from from charge circuit, this battery core be accessed in charge circuit again, and according to the quantity of the battery core in charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of charging circuit output.Wherein, before this battery core is accessed to charge circuit again, also the maximum charging voltage that the lower voltage to that can first charging circuit a be exported battery core is required, adjusts according to the quantity of the battery core in charge circuit the voltage that charging circuit is exported subsequently more automatically.Before again accessing battery core as mentioned above in charge circuit, first reduce the voltage that charging circuit is exported, can make thus charge circuit safer, and more easy in software realization.
Although Fig. 1 only shows one and is recharged unit 1, the present invention is not limited to this, and charging device of the present invention also can possess a plurality of unit that are recharged.And realize charging by 2 pairs of a plurality of battery cores that are recharged in unit of a charhing unit.
Also as shown in Figure 1, be recharged unit 1 and also comprise the K switch 1-K4 one to one with each battery core B1-B4.Above-mentioned control unit control switch K1-K4 optionally to cut the corresponding battery core of this K switch 1-K4 or to cut out from charge circuit.In this example, K switch 1-K4 can be relay switch, and control unit can pass through the switching of each K switch of driver control 1-K4.
In addition, be recharged unit 1 and also comprise the isolating device being connected between each voltage detecting and reverse circuit and control unit for transmission of signal or power supply.In the example of Fig. 1, this isolating device is optocoupler U1-U8.
Again, also as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, control unit of the present invention can also comprise the host computer (being main frame) being arranged in charhing unit 2 and be arranged on the slave computer (being slave) being respectively recharged in unit 1, for example, can be respectively the MCU slave computer shown in the MCU host computer shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 1.Each slave computer receives and stores the signal detecting from the voltage detecting that is recharged unit under it and reverse circuit.And host computer scans to obtain to each slave computer the signal that each slave computer is stored, and the voltage of exporting according to the constant current voltage limiting charging circuit in this signal controlling charhing unit, and by slave computer, each switch being recharged in unit under it is controlled.
And by wired or wireless mode, communicate between host computer and slave computer, especially can complete by the mode of three lines charging work, so that compatible with the charging gang socket of existing electric bicycle, realize under emergency condition with common charger charging.The definition of these three lines is: charge power supply line, ground wire, multiplexing auxiliary power supply line and order wire.
In addition, each slave computer is also configured to thereon after electricity to provide independent current source for its corresponding each voltage detecting and reverse circuit, realizes thus passive isolation scanning detection technology.That is: only in the time need to detecting the voltage status of battery core, just by charhing unit, control unit, by the mode of electrical isolation, remove the power supply of turn-on voltage detection and roll-over unit, after this voltage detecting and roll-over unit can normally be worked, the slave computer part of control unit is immediately to the mode scanning collection voltage detecting by electrical isolation and the output state of roll-over unit, and state is sent in time to the epigynous computer section of control unit.
In addition, in this example, when a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detect the battery core B1-B4 corresponding with it and are all full of electricity, the charging of the constant current voltage limiting charging circuit of the automatic cut-out of charging device meeting of the present invention charhing unit to battery core B1-B4, thus the phenomenon of overcharging can thoroughly be stopped.Subsequently, make to be respectively full of electric battery core B1-B4 and automatically connect, for follow-up use.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, concrete formation and the operation principle of charging device of the present invention are described in more detail,
In conjunction with Fig. 2-Fig. 4, one example of the charhing unit using in charging device of the present invention is elaborated.Wherein, Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram that is applicable to an example of the charhing unit in the charging device shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is the example flow diagram of the course of work of the charhing unit shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is the schematic state transition graph of the charhing unit shown in Fig. 2.Below, still take the four battery core battery pack of conventional 48V/20A in above-mentioned electric bicycle is recharged unit 1 as one and describes as example.
First, shown in Fig. 2, describe the specific works principle of the charhing unit 1 in this example in detail.Particularly, as shown in Figure 2, electric main is circuit after filtering, the noise in filtering alternating current, and stop the noise of Switching Power Supply to remove to disturb electrical network.Subsequently, through rectification circuit, AC rectification is become to the two ends that are added to main filter capacitor C1 after direct current, this DC power supply is divided in the drain electrode and auxiliary power controller of elementary, the power supply switch tube Q1 that two-way is added to respectively main power transformer T1, so this auxiliary power controller starts normally to work and drive small power supply transformer T2 to export two groups of separate voltages.
These two groups independently voltage after fast recovery rectifier diode D2, filter capacitor C3 and fast recovery rectifier diode D1, filter capacitor C2 rectifying and wave-filtering, obtain respectively the direct voltage of 18V and 12V.The direct voltage of this 12V is the main output of accessory power supply, wherein voltage signal and the reference signal of sample circuit collection output are compared, after the error signal of output is isolated by optocoupler IC1, make auxiliary power controller adjust in time the pulse duration of output, to guarantee that output voltage stabilization is in the scope of needs.
The direct voltage of 18V is added on PWM controller, after this PWM controller work, the signal driver power supply switch tube Q1 of its output, makes main power transformer T1 start the normal diode D3 that works and pass through fast recovery rectifier diode, makes the direct voltage of filter capacitor C4 output 56.5V.
The direct voltage of this 56.5V is after the sampling feedback circuit for example, being comprised of optocoupler IC2, overcurrent protection triode Q2, current-limiting resistance R2, R3, voltage-stabilizing device (TL431), capacitor C 5, output voltage sampling resistor R4, R5, R6; error signal is delivered to PWM controller; this PWM controller, by automatically adjusting duty ratio, makes can access on C4 the Voltage-output of stable 56.5V.
In above-mentioned charhing unit, optocoupler IC1, IC2, in settling signal coupling, carry out the isolation on electric by the former limit of transformer T1, T2 and secondary, guarantee Electrical Safety.In addition, in order to meet security needs, three windings of small power supply transformer T2 are mutually insulated all, and meets the requirement of associated safety standard.
Also as shown in Figure 2, this charhing unit also comprises constant current voltage limiting control circuit, and its effect is the same with traditional constant current voltage limiting charging circuit, unique different: can be according to actual needs, the number of the battery core of charging, adjust the voltage of output, to meet the charging requirement of three sections of curves.In addition, at the output of this charhing unit, also as shown in Figure 2, be connected with isolation inductance L 1 and L2 and D4, and then be connected to the both positive and negative polarity of the battery pack shown in Fig. 1.
And in this charhing unit, also comprise modulation-demodulation circuit, its signal that control unit host computer (for example MCU host computer) is sent is modulated to and on 12V power line, delivers to control unit slave computer (referring to the MCU slave computer of Fig. 1), and receives and demodulates the answer signal of being sent here by slave computer.This host computer is the core of the control unit of whole charging device, be responsible for communicating by letter, controlling with slave computer slave computer action, adjustment output voltage, monitor opening or closing of output voltage, control relay K switch 5.And this charhing unit also comprises the MCU power supply that MCU host computer is provided to required operating voltage, the parameter of sampling feedback circuit will be controlled after the direct voltage isolation of MCU host computer output, thereby realize the object of adjusting voltage, and driving relay coil, carry out corresponding action, to disconnect or closing relay K switch 5.
The operation principle of above-mentioned constant current voltage limiting control circuit is: first, the chip power of this constant current voltage limiting control circuit is taken from the direct voltage of the 12V of accessory power supply output.After charging current current flowing sampling resistor R1, in this resistance R 1, can form certain voltage, electric current is larger, the voltage producing in this resistance R 1 is higher, by just can roughly calculating charging current to the detection of this voltage, this voltage compared with the reference voltage of setting and export a voltage signal and remove to control voltage-stabilizing device TL431, thereby having changed the output voltage on filter capacitor C4, making charging current all the time within the scope of the charging current of setting.
In addition; when being recharged short circuit; constant current voltage limiting control circuit goes voltage signal of output to drive overcurrent protection triode Q2 conducting; output voltage is dropped to minimum; thereby protected charging circuit to be unlikely to therefore to damage (in addition; also can by host computer MCU, send failure alarm signal according to actual needs), once short circuit is removed, charhing unit automatically replies normally.The constant current charge current parameters of charhing unit is generally to define according to the power that is recharged unit self, cannot arbitrarily adjust for the sake of security.
Then,, with reference to the schematic state transition graph of the charhing unit of the example flow diagram of the course of work of the charhing unit of Fig. 3 and corresponding Fig. 4, describe the course of work of charhing unit in detail.
When user connects charhing unit plug and carries out charging operations, after powering on, host computer first carries out initialization operation (step S101), enter immediately broadcast state and forbid charging voltage (step S102) starting to slave computer, to send broadcasting command by modulation-demodulation circuit that (now the quantity of slave computer module may more than one, be likely several, twenties can reach at most 30, each slave computer module can be monitored four battery cores (shown in Fig. 1)).
Due in advance in each slave computer programming have different address informations and the battery core classification information that arranges with jumper (these address informations can be discontinuous, but can not repeat, otherwise can there is address conflict), so slave computer is after receiving this broadcasting command that host computer sends, according to address size order, return to successively answer signal, the slave computer number that can hold that the information of the answer signal that host computer basis receives and charhing unit set while dispatching from the factory is compared, if find the number of slave computer, parameter does not meet set point, and (as: certain in slave computer breaks down or charger and battery do not mate, cannot normally work, now can not carry out charging operations, otherwise there will be danger), charhing unit reports an error, as the K5 relay switch of the main output switch of charhing unit, remain on the state of disconnection always.
Now host computer will constantly send broadcast singal, answer signal quantity when slave computer, when battery core classification information is identical with above-mentioned set point (step S103), first host computer records address information and the battery core classification (step S104) of these slave computers, and then forbid charging voltage (step S105), then send battery core querying command (step S106), order is now to send (by broadcast feedback, obtaining slave computer address) according to slave computer assigned address, each slave computer is when receiving querying command, first confirm whether the slave addresses in querying command packet is the address of the machine, if the machine address, the battery core charged state of the machine and battery core classification are fed back to main frame, main frame is received the battery core status command feedback of this slave, preserve this slave battery core charged state, send again the battery core querying command of next slave addresses, until receive the feedback (step S107) of all slaves.
When receiving, each slave battery core charge condition that main frame starts receiving judges, to determine the battery core charged state (step S108) of all slaves.If all slave battery cores do not need charging, return to the charging voltage of forbidding of step S105, and enter subsequently the host query state of step S106, main frame starts again slave addresses transmission battery core querying command in turn.If while existing slave to have battery core to charge, whether the current charged state that first judges this battery core catches up with charged state consistent (step S109) once, if consistent, (represent that current charging voltage is with last identical, without again adjusting charging voltage), return to the host query state of step S106, main frame starts again slave transmission battery core querying command in turn.If inconsistent, need to adjust charging voltage, now, main frame enters output voltage and adjusts state (non-communications status), voltage is dropped to minimum (step S110), simultaneously host acknowledgement output (by ADC(analog-to-digital conversion) multi collect) judge whether to drop within the scope of the minimum voltage of setting (step S111), when if main frame judges that output voltage is not within the scope of this, continue to wait for, in the time range of setting, voltage is still undesired, and block system relay K switch 5, same alarm (step S115).If through voltage drop after a period of time in setting range time, host computer enters switch state of a control (step S112), give in turn each slave transmit button control command, within a certain period of time, if obtain each slave switch, control correct feedback (step S113), main frame calculates output voltage grade according to total charged state, and main frame enters output voltage and adjusts state, the charging voltage of output matching is to battery core charging (step S114), and main frame enters query State again.
Because scan period of host computer is second time of level, guaranteed that whenever charhing unit has suitable voltage and current is battery core charging, has greatly extended the useful life of battery core on the basis that has guaranteed battery core charging capacity.
In use, as long as data wire interrupts, host computer is block system relay K switch 5 immediately, meanwhile, on the left side of relay switch K5, has minimum output voltage, guarantee can blindly not charge to battery core, in addition, after battery core is all full of, also can block system relay K5, cut off as mentioned above the charging of charhing unit to battery pack, to reduce unnecessary electrolyte loss.
In addition, control unit slave computer and accessory circuit thereof (as: optocoupler, driver element, relay switch etc.) power supply used is all the 12V power supply being provided by charhing unit substantially, during host computer inspection slave computer, all first by optocoupler turn-on voltage, to detect and the power supply of reverse circuit (only have voltage detecting and reverse circuit and attached optocoupler use be the electricity of battery), and then check that signal returns to the state of optocoupler, when battery core voltage is full, corresponding optocoupler is luminous, the corresponding pin current potential of slave computer is dragged down, otherwise uprise.Owing to adopting optocoupler and the passive isolation scan for inquiries mode of super low-power consumption, make voltage detecting and reverse circuit and attached optocoupler just can consume small electric current when charging scanning, when depositing at ordinary times or using, almost there is no quiescent current, very power saving.
At any time, as long as data wire communication disruption, relay switch K5 will disconnect charhing unit.If pull out charhing unit plug, the management relay switch of battery core, the slave computer of control unit and other all accessory circuits etc. all can quit work because not having electricity, as mentioned above the corresponding relay switch K1-K4 of each battery core B1-B4 shown in Fig. 1 is placed in to " 1 ", thereby battery core B1-B4 is together in series automatically for user.
In addition, the relay using in charhing unit must use Explosion-Proof Relay, and relay also can replace with MOSFET pipe certainly, just need to install suitable radiator additional.
Subsequently, with reference to Fig. 5 be installed on the charging device shown in Fig. 1 be recharged the detailed maps of control unit slave computer in unit and the example flow diagram of the course of work that is recharged unit in the charging device of Fig. 6, describe in detail and be arranged on the course of work that is recharged the slave computer in unit.
As shown in Figure 5, the data wire of modulation-demodulation circuit and host computer is connected, on this data wire, not only transmit data, also to transmit power supply to slave computer, data from host computer are delivered to slave computer after modulation-demodulation circuit, equally, the signal of slave computer also can be delivered to host computer by modulation-demodulation circuit, and the voltage that the 12V power supply of being sent here by data wire is exported 3.3V after the MCU power supply voltage stabilizing shown in Fig. 5 is to slave computer.12V power line is also supplied with the driver supporting with slave computer, relay power supply simultaneously.An I/O mouth part of slave computer MCU is gone driver connected, and a part connects optocoupler in addition, to complete relevant action.And the switch S shown in Fig. 51 is that battery types arranges switch.
Again, as shown in Figure 6, then introduce the control flow of slave computer, after powering on, slave computer starts immediately initialization (step S201), after initialization success, slave computer is according to interval certain hour scan round battery core state record, and slave computer is always in wait command state simultaneously, there is any order, do corresponding feedback (being the command type analysis of step S202).If broadcasting command (step S203), slave computer MCU is by (the fixing different delays in different addresses after predetermined time delay according to the address information of portion's programming within it in advance, all slave computers will guarantee that address is different) (step S204), to host computer, send out the packet (step S205) that includes address information and battery core type.If battery core querying command (step S206), first judges the address whether identical with the machine address (step S207) in command packet, if different, ignore this command packet; If identical, by the machine address, order feedback words, battery core type, battery core state, check word is combined into packet, sends to (transmission immediately) (step S208) in bus.If switch control command (step S209), first judges the address whether identical with the machine address (step S210) in command packet, if different, ignore this command packet; If identical, according to the switch control data in packet, operational relay, makes battery core incision or cuts out charge circuit, and then the state of end of operation is returned to main frame (step S211).
Below also in conjunction with the schematic block diagram of Fig. 1, describe the course of work of the charging device of this example in detail, as shown in Figure 1, after powering on, MCU slave computer starts initialization operation, send immediately own address information, if while having a plurality of slave computer, slave computer will send information to host computer according to sequence of addresses, when host computer is confirmed normally can charge, first start to send order to slave computer, allow slave computer start to inquire about the current state of battery core, detailed process is as follows, the I/O interface driver optocoupler U1 of this slave computer, U3, U5, U7 work, it is very little that the resistance of the photosensitive tube in optocoupler will become, so the power supply of battery core just can be added to voltage detecting and reverse circuit can normally be worked through optocoupler, here the battery core B1 of take is divided into four kinds of situation analysis as example: the first situation is, battery core does not have electricity, now voltage and reverse circuit can cannot not worked because there is no electricity yet, so the internal illumination pipe of optocoupler U2 can be not luminous yet, the phototriode of U2 inside presents high-impedance state, make the pin that this slave computer is relevant become high level under the effect of pull-up resistor, now this slave computer will think that battery core does not have electricity, need charging, the second situation is, battery core has electricity, but deficiency be so that voltage detecting and reverse circuit work cannot make the phototriode of U2 inside become low resistive state equally, and slave computer still thinks that battery core does not have electricity, needs charging, the 4th kind of situation is, battery core has electricity, and voltage is that 14V does not need charging, at this moment driving voltage detects and reverse circuit work, drive the luminous tube of optocoupler U2 to start luminous, the phototriode of U2 inside is because being subject to the irradiation internal resistance step-down of light, thereby make the corresponding pin of slave computer become low level from original high level, slave computer will send to host computer these information in time, host computer promotes the driver by slave computer relay switch K1 and is placed in " 0 " state after obtaining this information, thereby make this joint not need the battery core B1 of charging to depart from charge circuit, avoided the loss for no reason of electrolyte.Because the power supply of this relay switch K1 is taken from host computer, so can not consume the electric energy of battery core B1, what now consume battery core electric energy only has voltage detecting and reverse circuit, owing to having adopted the design of low-power consumption element and low-power consumption, has greatly reduced the loss of battery core electric energy.When this voltage drop that saves the battery core B1 of off-line arrives the lower voltage limit of voltage detecting and reverse circuit setting, the luminous tube of optocoupler U2 inside will extinguish, so host computer will start again this battery core charging, and and so forth, the charging modes of other battery cores is identical in this.
When being full of electricity, user pulls out after charging plug, slave computer does not quit work because there is no electricity, voltage detecting and reverse circuit also because optocoupler U1 there is no electricity, do not quit work (now voltage and reverse circuit hardly the electric energy of consuming cells), relay switch K1 does not automatically reset because there is no electricity yet, and at this moment just in time relay is together in series all batteries for user normally again.
The operation principle of voltage detecting and reverse circuit is as follows: when the voltage of battery core starts charging until while being charged to 14V from low-voltage, and voltage detecting and protective circuit upset, relay switch makes battery core depart from charge circuit under the control of slave computer.When battery core voltage because of electric discharge naturally while dropping to 13V again the overturn luminous tube of U2 inside of (this parameter can artificially be set) voltage detecting and reverse circuit will extinguish, relay switch makes battery core again access charge circuit to continue to charge under the control of slave computer.Owing to having adopted the optocoupler of passive isolation scan for inquiries mode and low-power consumption, again by the lower limit of battery core charging voltage is rationally set, make to be full of electric battery core in a charge cycle because above-mentioned former thereby again to access the number of times of charge circuit few, unless the life-span of battery core approaches termination.When battery core is not charged, the electric current that voltage detecting and reverse circuit consume is less than 100 and receives peace, and the electric current that battery core is full of electricity and its consumption under passive isolation scan for inquiries mode is less than 10 milliamperes.
Adaptive battery balanced charging device of the present invention can be realized the equalizing charge of battery pack effectively, to extend the useful life of battery pack.There is fabulous adaptability, can be applied in the battery pack of any series connection, especially for use in particularly suitable in the battery pack of various high values, for example can be for lead-acid battery, lithium battery be charged, possesses fabulous series connection expanded function simultaneously, can realize easily from a module to a plurality of modules, such as series connection such as 30 modules, carry out self adaptation Charge Management (wherein each module can control example as four battery cores).And compare there is circuit when realizing equalizing charge simple, with low cost, high reliability of this charging device and existing other battery charge balancing protective devices.
Although the present invention be take the four battery core battery pack of conventional 48V/20A in electric bicycle and is illustrated as example.For the battery pack (as: lithium battery group etc.) of other types as long as and the hardware parameter done seldom of voltage specification set, software just does not need to make any adjustments and can adapt under extremely wide cell voltage and normally move.
Do not departing under the aim of essential characteristic of the present invention, the present invention can be presented as various ways, therefore the example in the present invention is to be illustrative rather than definitive thereof, due to scope of the present invention, be defined by the claims but not limited by specification, and drop on the scope that claim defines, or all changes in the full scope of equivalents of its scope defining are all understood to include in claims.
Claims (12)
1. an adaptive battery balanced charging device, is characterized in that, comprising:
At least one is recharged unit, and be respectively recharged unit and possess a plurality of battery cores that are in series, and corresponding to detect a plurality of voltage detecting and the reverse circuit of the charging voltage state of each battery core one by one with each battery core;
Charhing unit, described charhing unit possesses the charging circuit to charge to being respectively recharged the battery core of unit for output voltage, described charging circuit be respectively recharged in unit described in a plurality of battery cores of being in series be connected to form charge circuit; And
Control unit, at least one in described a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit of described control unit detects and when the battery core corresponding with it is full of electricity, first reduces the voltage that described charging circuit is exported, subsequently this is full of to electric battery core and departs from from described charge circuit, and according to the quantity of remaining battery core in described charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of described charging circuit output.
2. adaptive battery balanced charging device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described unit that is respectively recharged also comprises and described each battery core switch one to one, and described control unit is controlled described switch optionally the corresponding battery core of this switch cut from described charge circuit or to be cut out.
3. adaptive battery balanced charging device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in be recharged unit and also comprise the isolating device being connected between each voltage detecting and reverse circuit and described control unit for transmission of signal or power supply.
4. adaptive battery balanced charging device according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Described control unit comprise the host computer that is arranged in described charhing unit and be arranged on described in be respectively recharged the slave computer in unit; Each slave computer receives and stores the signal detecting from described voltage detecting and reverse circuit;
Described host computer scans to obtain to described slave computer the signal that described slave computer is stored, the voltage of exporting according to charging circuit described in described signal controlling, and by described slave computer, described switch is controlled.
5. adaptive battery balanced charging device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described slave computer is configured to thereon after electricity to provide independent current source for voltage detecting described in each and reverse circuit.
6. an adaptive battery balanced charging method, is characterized in that, comprising:
Provide at least one to be recharged unit, be respectively recharged unit and possess a plurality of battery cores that are in series;
The charging circuit that charhing unit is possessed is connected to form charge circuit with a plurality of battery cores that are in series that are respectively recharged in unit, thereby the voltage of exporting by described charging circuit charges to the battery core being respectively recharged in unit;
By being respectively recharged in unit, a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detect the charging voltage state of each battery core one to one with each battery core;
At least one by control unit in described a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detects and when the battery core corresponding with it is full of electricity, first reduces the voltage that described charging circuit is exported, subsequently this is full of to electric battery core and departs from from described charge circuit, and according to the quantity of remaining battery core in described charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of described charging circuit output.
7. adaptive battery balanced charging method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, by described be full of electric battery core and depart from from described charge circuit after, voltage status with the corresponding voltage detecting of this battery core and this battery core of reverse circuit continuation detection, when the voltage that this battery core detected is when set point is above, described control unit does not respond the change in voltage of this battery core, and when the voltage that this battery core detected is during lower than described set point, described control unit accesses this battery core in described charge circuit again, wherein, maximum voltage value when described set point is full of electricity lower than this battery core.
8. adaptive battery balanced charging method according to claim 6, is characterized in that,
Described control unit comprise the host computer that is arranged in described charhing unit and be arranged on described in be respectively recharged the slave computer in unit; By each slave computer, receive and store the signal detecting from described voltage detecting and reverse circuit;
By described host computer, described slave computer is scanned to obtain the signal that described slave computer is stored, and the voltage that described host computer is exported according to charging circuit described in described signal controlling, and optionally control the incision of battery core from described charge circuit or cut out via described slave computer.
9. adaptive battery balanced charging method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described host computer is identified each slave computer by obtaining the address information of each slave computer and the battery core information that is recharged unit under each slave computer.
10. adaptive battery balanced charging method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, after described slave computer powers on, by this slave computer, take the mode of isolation provides the independent current source of mutual isolation as voltage detecting described in each and reverse circuit, in the mode by isolation, receives the signal that voltage detecting and reverse circuit are exported described in each.
11. adaptive battery balanced charging methods according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, when described a plurality of voltage detecting and reverse circuit detect the battery core corresponding with it and are all full of electricity, by control unit, disconnect being connected of described charging circuit and each battery core, and by each battery core automatically series connection for use.
12. 1 kinds of adaptive battery balanced charging methods, is characterized in that, comprising:
By a charge circuit, a plurality of battery cores that are in series are charged;
Detect the charging voltage state of each battery core;
When at least one battery core being detected and be full of electricity, this is full of to electric battery core and from described charge circuit, departs from;
According to the quantity of remaining battery core in described charge circuit, automatically adjust the voltage of exporting to described charge circuit.
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