CN103678800A - Method for stock layout of irregular parts on rectangular board - Google Patents
Method for stock layout of irregular parts on rectangular board Download PDFInfo
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- CN103678800A CN103678800A CN201310661261.3A CN201310661261A CN103678800A CN 103678800 A CN103678800 A CN 103678800A CN 201310661261 A CN201310661261 A CN 201310661261A CN 103678800 A CN103678800 A CN 103678800A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for stock layout of irregular parts on a rectangular board. According to the method, firstly, the irregular parts are selected from a part library, and a minimum envelope rectangle of each irregular part is obtained quickly through a diagonal method; secondly, the envelope rectangles of the parts are ordered according to areas, and a priority stock layout sequence of the parts is determined; thirdly, the minimum envelope rectangles of the parts are subjected to primary stock layout through a leftmost and downmost method for placing the rectangles at different horizontal heights; fourthly, according to an initial stock layout result, a point set of the corresponding irregular parts is restored, and initial stock layout positions of the irregular parts are determined; lastly, according to the initial stock layout positions, the parts in the board are moved to be closer to one another, and then a better part stock layout result is obtained. By means of the automatic stock layout method, the irregular parts can be subjected to stock layout quickly, and a high stock utilization rate can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The computing machine the present invention relates in furniture, clothes and machine-building manufacture field is assisted stock layout automatically, refers in particular to the Nesting of a kind of irregular part on rectangular plate.
Background technology
In the materials processing industries such as furniture, clothes and machine-building, conventionally need in flat sheet, arrange a plurality of parts, i.e. the Cutting Stock Problem of part.Along with expanding economy, the utilization factor of sheet material has direct impact to the economic benefit of enterprise, and particularly, in using the very large manufacturing industry of sheet material quantity, the raising a little of stock layout efficiency will bring very large economic benefit.At present, in the not high enterprise of production level, most Nesting is all to rely on artificial visually examine and experience, adopt the workload of artificial stock layout large, efficiency is low, place one's entire reliance upon workman's skill level of stock layout effect, can not meet different, the flexible and changeable Production requirement of of a great variety, output now far away.Therefore, realizing the automatic nesting of part on sheet material, improve the utilization factor of sheet material, improve discharge velocity, is the target that enterprise is pursued.
In the Cutting Stock Problem of part, if when stock layout part is rectangular-shaped piece or other regular shapes, stock layout is relatively simple; When stock layout part is while being irregularly shaped, stock layout is complicated.Search time to regular part stock layout is longer, studies comparatively deeply, and existing many ripe achievements in research apply in the middle of actual production so far; And the research of nesting of irregular parts is started late, because nesting of irregular parts problem relates to any anglec of rotation and erose overlapping detection, increased stock layout difficulty, cause computation complexity high.Therefore, realize in the short period of time the automatic nesting of irregular part, improve availability ratio of the armor plate, there is important actual value and meaning.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and can effectively improve stock utilization, the quick method of automatic nesting that irregular part is carried out on rectangular plate, discharge method of the present invention is rectangle for the sheet material of stock layout; The part of stock layout has irregularly shaped arbitrarily; Shape does not have direction restriction on sheet material, can Arbitrary Rotation.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the present invention is: the Nesting of a kind of irregular part on rectangular plate, comprises the following steps:
1) from parts library, choose the irregular part for the treatment of stock layout, and be placed on rectangular plate, and between part, can not have overlapping;
2) adopt diagonal method to ask for the least surrounding boxes of each irregular part;
3) the least surrounding boxes of all for nesting parts is arranged from big to small according to area, and when area equates, according to the descending sort from big to small of the height of the least surrounding boxes, determined the preferential stock layout order of part;
4) utilize the most left BL method that descends most based on placing rectangle under differentiated levels to carry out stock layout to the least surrounding boxes of part, to obtain initial stock layout result;
5) according to initial stock layout result, recover the point set of corresponding irregular part, determine the initial stock layout position of irregular part;
6) according to initial stock layout position, the part on sheet material is done to further close movement, part is arranged closely, complete the automatic correctly stock layout of irregular part.
Described step 2) comprise the steps:
The convexification of (I) part, according to the point set information of irregular part, calculates the interior angle size of irregular part figure, the concavity and convexity of judgement figure, and by recessed region, interior angle is greater than the summit of 180 ° and removes, realize the convexification of concave polygon, for calculating the least surrounding boxes, prepare;
(II) determines the reference edge of part the least surrounding boxes by diagonal method, obtain point set middle distance after part convexification 2 points farthest, the line between these 2 regarded as to the approximate diagonal line of its least surrounding boxes; Take these two summits is end points, along part, respectively draws two limits; Using this four edges respectively as the reference edge of enclosure rectangle, seek out as follows four enclosure rectangles:
The reference edge of take is asked the enclosure rectangle of part as basis, rotating part makes this reference edge parallel with X-axis, and the point set coordinate of more postrotational part is obtained maximal value and the minimum value of X, Y coordinate, and is designated as x
max, x
min, y
max, y
min, this has just produced with coordinate (x
max, y
max), (x
max, y
min), (x
min, y
max), (x
min, y
min) be the enclosure rectangle on summit, its area S=(x
max-x
min) * (y
max-y
min);
(III) determines the least surrounding boxes of part, in four enclosure rectangles that obtain, selects to have the enclosure rectangle of minimum area as the least surrounding boxes of part from (II).
In described step 4), when not determining the height of layer, rectangle to be arranged is placed on to the highest level position of sheet material low order end, then that rectangle is first to moving to left, then to moving down, until can not move again, now rectangle height is the highest level height of current layer, if rectangle is under sheet material residual altitude level, from the highest level height of arranging part to the scope sheet material top, in the time of can not placing, can carry out the rotation of 90 °; When the height of layer is determined, rectangle to be arranged is started to move down left from the highest level position of the low order end of current layer, until can not move, if current layer can not put down when arranging rectangle, select the not next enclosure rectangle of stock layout sequence to be emitted on current layer, if all rectangles all can not be placed, never first rectangle of stock layout sequence starts in new layer discharge.
The most left most the descend BL method of described utilization based on placing rectangle under differentiated levels carries out stock layout to the least surrounding boxes of part, to obtain initial stock layout result, comprises the steps:
Determining of (I) placed layer, if discharge first rectangle, or current layer can not be placed any rectangle, produce new placed layer, select first enclosure rectangle in stock layout sequence not, make the following judgment: if sheet material residue can be arranged, be highly more than or equal to rectangle height, set current layer height and equal this rectangle height; If sheet material residue can be arranged, be highly less than rectangle height, and be more than or equal to rectangle width, set current layer height and equal rectangle width, now rectangle half-twist; If residual sheet metal can be arranged and highly be less than rectangle width, abandon the discharge of current rectangle, select the not next enclosure rectangle of stock layout sequence to carry out above judgement; If row's enclosure rectangle all can not placed, finish whole stock layout process;
(II) sets the initial stock layout position of enclosure rectangle, if rectangle current to be arranged is to determine in (I) rectangle to be placed on the rectangle of placed layer height to the highest level position of sheet material low order end, and to forward step (IV) below to; If not, rectangle is placed on to the highest level position of current layer low order end, and forwards step (III) below to;
(III) judges whether to reselect enclosure rectangle current to be arranged, if the residue stock layout width of current layer, be the width of sheet material deduct current layer the rectangle of stock layout take width, be less than the width of rectangle current to be arranged, never in stock layout sequence, select the enclosure rectangle that first width is not more than this layer of residue stock layout width, return to step (II); If such rectangle does not exist, return to step (I);
The movement of (IV) enclosure rectangle, is first moved to the left enclosure rectangle, then moves down, until can not move again;
(V) upgrades the not stock layout area information of sheet material, comprises and upgrades the residue stock layout width of every layer of sheet material and upgrade the not point set information in stock layout region of sheet material;
(VI) judges whether to also have not stock layout rectangle, and whether stock layout sequence be sky, if having, chooses first enclosure rectangle in stock layout sequence not, returns to step (II); If no, finish stock layout process.
In described step 6), in order to reduce the white space between part, from first part of stock layout, one by one part is carried out to downward translation, when mobile, need meet following requirement: part does not exceed sheet material border, does not have overlapping between part; When the translation downwards of all parts, complete the automatically correct stock layout of irregular part.
When completing the automatically correct stock layout of irregular part, can adopt formula
calculate the stock layout utilization factor of sheet material.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages and beneficial effect in the present invention:
1, a kind of method of asking for fast irregular part the least surrounding boxes with diagonal method has been proposed;
2, utilize the most left BL method that descends most based on placing rectangle under differentiated levels, realized rapidly irregular part is carried out to initial stock layout;
3, each irregular part is carried out near mobile, part is arranged closely;
4, this Nesting is realized simply, and the stock layout time is short, and stock layout efficiency is high, can effectively save production cost, and improves production efficiency and the economic competitiveness of enterprise.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of transferring the automatic nesting method of enclosure rectangle based on differentiated levels of the present invention.
Fig. 2 asks for the process flow diagram of the least surrounding boxes of irregular part in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is for the pictorial diagram of the irregular part of stock layout in embodiment.
Fig. 4 is for being irregular part and corresponding the least surrounding boxes schematic diagram thereof in embodiment.
Fig. 5 discharges the schematic diagram of first enclosure rectangle in embodiment.
Fig. 6 racks up in embodiment after second enclosure rectangle, starts the schematic diagram to the 3rd enclosure rectangle stock layout.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that discharges the 3rd enclosure rectangle in embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that discharges the 5th enclosure rectangle in embodiment.
Fig. 9 is the stock layout effect schematic diagram of utilization of the present invention based on placing enclosure rectangle under differentiated levels.
Figure 10 for recovering the point set of corresponding irregular part, the initial stock layout position view of irregular part of determining on the basis of Fig. 9.
Figure 11 utilizes the effect schematic diagram of automatic nesting method of the present invention to nesting of irregular parts.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The present embodiment is that five irregular parts are carried out to stock layout, and part can Arbitrary Rotation, and the material shape of sheet material is rectangle, and concrete stock layout comprises the following steps:
1) from parts library, choose five irregular parts for the treatment of stock layout, specifically as shown in Figure 3, then irregular part is placed on rectangular plate, and between part, can not has overlapping.
2) adopt diagonal method to ask for the least surrounding boxes of each irregular part, specifically as shown in Figure 2, comprise the steps:
The convexification of (I) part, according to the point set information of irregular part, calculates the interior angle size of irregular part figure, the concavity and convexity of judgement figure, and by recessed region, interior angle is greater than the summit of 180 ° and removes, realize the convexification of concave polygon, for calculating the least surrounding boxes, prepare;
(II) determines the reference edge of part the least surrounding boxes by diagonal method, obtain point set middle distance after part convexification 2 points farthest, the line between these 2 regarded as to the approximate diagonal line of its least surrounding boxes; Take these two summits is end points, along part, respectively draws two limits; Using this four edges respectively as the reference edge of enclosure rectangle, seek out as follows four enclosure rectangles:
The reference edge of take is asked the enclosure rectangle of part as basis, rotating part makes this reference edge parallel with X-axis, and the point set coordinate of more postrotational part is obtained maximal value and the minimum value of X, Y coordinate, and is designated as x
max, x
min, y
max, y
min, this has just produced with coordinate (x
max, y
max), (x
max, y
min), (x
min, y
max), (x
min, y
min) be the enclosure rectangle on summit, its area S=(x
max-x
min) * (y
max-y
min).
The least surrounding boxes that adopts above method to ask for is concrete as accompanying drawing 4, and records respectively the point set information of each part and its enclosure rectangle.
3) the least surrounding boxes of all for nesting parts is arranged from big to small according to area, and when area equates, according to the descending sort from big to small of the height of the least surrounding boxes, determined the preferential stock layout order of part.Be that the preferential stock layout of part is sequentially: preferentially arrange the part that the least surrounding boxes area is larger; And area is when identical, preferentially arranges the part that the least surrounding boxes height is high, as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 for nesting part stock layout sequence
4) utilize the most left BL method that descends most based on placing rectangle under differentiated levels to carry out stock layout to the least surrounding boxes of part, to obtain initial stock layout result.When not determining the height of layer, rectangle to be arranged is placed on to the highest level position of sheet material low order end, then rectangle is first to moving to left, to moving down, until can not move, now rectangle height is the highest level height of current layer again again, if rectangle is under sheet material residual altitude level, from the highest level height of arranging part to the scope sheet material top, in the time of can not placing, can carry out the rotation of 90 °; When the height of layer is determined, rectangle to be arranged is started to move down left from the highest level position of the low order end of current layer, until can not move, if current layer can not put down when arranging rectangle, select the not next enclosure rectangle of stock layout sequence to be emitted on current layer, if all rectangles all can not be placed, never first rectangle of stock layout sequence starts in new layer discharge.Specifically comprise the following steps:
Determining of (I) placed layer, if discharge first rectangle, or current layer can not be placed any rectangle, produce new placed layer, select first enclosure rectangle in stock layout sequence not, make the following judgment: if sheet material residue can be arranged, be highly more than or equal to rectangle height, set current layer height and equal this rectangle height; If sheet material residue can be arranged, be highly less than rectangle height, and be more than or equal to rectangle width, set current layer height and equal rectangle width, now rectangle half-twist; If residual sheet metal can be arranged and highly be less than rectangle width, abandon the discharge of current rectangle, select the not next enclosure rectangle of stock layout sequence to carry out above judgement; If row's enclosure rectangle all can not placed, finish whole stock layout process;
(II) sets the initial stock layout position of enclosure rectangle, if rectangle current to be arranged is to determine in (I) rectangle to be placed on the rectangle of placed layer height to the highest level position of sheet material low order end, and to forward step (IV) below to; If not, rectangle is placed on to the highest level position of current layer low order end, and forwards step (III) below to;
(III) judges whether to reselect enclosure rectangle current to be arranged, if the residue stock layout width of current layer, be the width of sheet material deduct current layer the rectangle of stock layout take width, be less than the width of rectangle current to be arranged, never in stock layout sequence, select the enclosure rectangle that first width is not more than this layer of residue stock layout width, return to step (II); If such rectangle does not exist, return to step (I);
The movement of (IV) enclosure rectangle, is first moved to the left enclosure rectangle, then moves down, until can not move again;
(V) upgrades the not stock layout area information of sheet material, comprises and upgrades the residue stock layout width of every layer of sheet material and upgrade the not point set information in stock layout region of sheet material;
(VI) judges whether to also have not stock layout rectangle, and whether stock layout sequence be sky, if having, chooses first enclosure rectangle in stock layout sequence not, returns to step (II); If no, finish stock layout process.
And in the present embodiment, by reference to the accompanying drawings 1, and according to said method, the least surrounding boxes of each irregular part is carried out to stock layout, to five above-mentioned parts, be that example describes below:
(I) places first enclosure rectangle.The height of sheet material is greater than the height of rectangle, and the rectangle that is first therefore 1 sequence number is placed on the highest level position of sheet material low order end, rectangle is first moved to the left, then moves down, until can not move; Now determined the stock layout position of this rectangle, and the highest level position of ground floor rectangle stock layout is just the height of this rectangle, the residue stock layout width of ground floor is exactly with the width of sheet material, to deduct the width of first rectangle, specifically as shown in Figure 5.
The enclosure rectangle that (II) is 2 by sequence number is placed on the highest level position of ground floor low order end, and now, the residue stock layout width of ground floor is larger than the width of second rectangle, rectangle is first moved to the left, move down again, until can not move again, upgrade the not stock layout area information of sheet material.
The enclosure rectangle that (III) is 3 by sequence number is placed on the highest level position of ground floor low order end, the residue stock layout width of ground floor is less than the width of the 3rd rectangle, specifically as shown in Figure 6, will be again never in stock layout sequence, select the enclosure rectangle that first width is not more than ground floor residue stock layout width, choosing sequence number is that stock layout is carried out in the highest level position that 4 enclosure rectangle is placed on ground floor low order end; After the rectangle stock layout that is 4 to sequence number, the residue stock layout width of ground floor can not discharge other enclosure rectangle again, and the enclosure rectangle of stock layout need to not start stock layout from new one deck, specifically as shown in Figure 7.
(IV) is by first enclosure rectangle of stock layout sequence not, be that sequence number is the highest level position that 3 enclosure rectangle is placed on sheet material low order end, sheet material residue can be arranged the height that is highly greater than this enclosure rectangle, this rectangle is first moved to the left, move down again, till through can not movement again; Upgrade the highest level position of second layer rectangle stock layout, upgrade the not stock layout information of sheet material, specifically as shown in Figure 7.
The enclosure rectangle that (V) is 5 by sequence number is placed on the highest level position of second layer low order end, and now, the residue stock layout width of the second layer is greater than the width that sequence number is 5 enclosure rectangle; Rectangle is first moved to the left, more first lower mobile, until can not move again; Upgrade the not stock layout information of sheet material, specifically as shown in Figure 8.
(VI) all enclosure rectangle stock layouts are complete, specifically as shown in Figure 9, finish enclosure rectangle stock layout.
5) according to the stock layout result of the least surrounding boxes in step 4), recover the point set of corresponding irregular part, determined the initial stock layout position of irregular part, specifically as shown in figure 10.
6) according to initial stock layout position, the part in sheet material is done to further close movement, part is arranged closely, complete the automatic correctly stock layout of irregular part.Its concrete condition is as follows: in order to reduce the white space between part, from first part of stock layout, one by one part is carried out to downward translation, need meet following requirement: part does not exceed sheet material border, does not have overlapping between part when mobile; When the translation downwards of all parts, complete the automatically correct stock layout of irregular part, specifically as shown in figure 11.
When completing the automatically correct stock layout of irregular part, can adopt following formula to calculate the stock layout utilization factor of sheet material.
By above-mentioned formula, can be drawn, the stock utilization of the stock layout result of Figure 11 is 75.02%.
In a word, in sum, the present invention first carries out stock layout to the least surrounding boxes of irregular part with the method based on placing rectangle under differing heights level, to determine the initial stock layout position of part, then part is carried out, near mobile, part being arranged closely.This compared to existing technology, this Nesting is realized simple, the stock layout time is short, stock layout efficiency is high, can effectively save production cost, and the production efficiency and the economic competitiveness that improve enterprise, is worthy to be popularized.
The examples of implementation of the above are only the present invention's preferred embodiment, not with this, limit practical range of the present invention, therefore the variation that all shapes according to the present invention, principle are done all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the Nesting of irregular part on rectangular plate, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) from parts library, choose the irregular part for the treatment of stock layout, and be placed on rectangular plate, and between part, can not have overlapping;
2) adopt diagonal method to ask for the least surrounding boxes of each irregular part;
3) the least surrounding boxes of all for nesting parts is arranged from big to small according to area, and when area equates, according to the descending sort from big to small of the height of the least surrounding boxes, determined the preferential stock layout order of part;
4) utilize the most left BL method that descends most based on placing rectangle under differentiated levels to carry out stock layout to the least surrounding boxes of part, to obtain initial stock layout result;
5) according to initial stock layout result, recover the point set of corresponding irregular part, determine the initial stock layout position of irregular part;
6) according to initial stock layout position, the part on sheet material is done to further close movement, part is arranged closely, complete the automatic correctly stock layout of irregular part.
2. a kind of nesting of irregular parts method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described step 2) comprise the steps:
The convexification of (I) part, according to the point set information of irregular part, calculates the interior angle size of irregular part figure, the concavity and convexity of judgement figure, and by recessed region, interior angle is greater than the summit of 180 ° and removes, realize the convexification of concave polygon, for calculating the least surrounding boxes, prepare;
(II) determines the reference edge of part the least surrounding boxes by diagonal method, obtain point set middle distance after part convexification 2 points farthest, the line between these 2 regarded as to the approximate diagonal line of its least surrounding boxes; Take these two summits is end points, along part, respectively draws two limits; Using this four edges respectively as the reference edge of enclosure rectangle, seek out as follows four enclosure rectangles:
The reference edge of take is asked the enclosure rectangle of part as basis, rotating part makes this reference edge parallel with X-axis, and the point set coordinate of more postrotational part is obtained maximal value and the minimum value of X, Y coordinate, and is designated as x
max, x
min, y
max, y
min, this has just produced with coordinate (x
max, y
max), (x
max, y
min), (x
min, y
max), (x
min, y
min) be the enclosure rectangle on summit, its area S=(x
max-x
min) * (y
max-y
min);
(III) determines the least surrounding boxes of part, in four enclosure rectangles that obtain, selects to have the enclosure rectangle of minimum area as the least surrounding boxes of part from (II).
3. a kind of nesting of irregular parts method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 4), when not determining the height of layer, rectangle to be arranged is placed on to the highest level position of sheet material low order end, then rectangle is first to moving to left, again to moving down, until can not move again, now rectangle height is the highest level height of current layer, if rectangle is under sheet material residual altitude level, from the highest level height of arranging part to the scope sheet material top, in the time of can not placing, can carry out the rotation of 90 °; When the height of layer is determined, rectangle to be arranged is started to move down left from the highest level position of the low order end of current layer, until can not move, if current layer can not put down when arranging rectangle, select the not next enclosure rectangle of stock layout sequence to be emitted on current layer, if all rectangles all can not be placed, never first rectangle of stock layout sequence starts in new layer discharge.
4. a kind of nesting of irregular parts method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Determining of (I) placed layer, if discharge first rectangle, or current layer can not be placed any rectangle, produce new placed layer, select first enclosure rectangle in stock layout sequence not, make the following judgment: if sheet material residue can be arranged, be highly more than or equal to rectangle height, set current layer height and equal this rectangle height; If sheet material residue can be arranged, be highly less than rectangle height, and be more than or equal to rectangle width, set current layer height and equal rectangle width, now rectangle half-twist; If residual sheet metal can be arranged and highly be less than rectangle width, abandon the discharge of current rectangle, select the not next enclosure rectangle of stock layout sequence to carry out above judgement; If row's enclosure rectangle all can not placed, finish whole stock layout process;
(II) sets the initial stock layout position of enclosure rectangle, if rectangle current to be arranged is to determine in (I) rectangle to be placed on the rectangle of placed layer height to the highest level position of sheet material low order end, and to forward step (IV) below to; If not, rectangle is placed on to the highest level position of current layer low order end, and forwards step (III) below to;
(III) judges whether to reselect enclosure rectangle current to be arranged, if the residue stock layout width of current layer, be the width of sheet material deduct current layer the rectangle of stock layout take width, be less than the width of rectangle current to be arranged, never in stock layout sequence, select the enclosure rectangle that first width is not more than this layer of residue stock layout width, return to step (II); If such rectangle does not exist, return to step (I);
The movement of (IV) enclosure rectangle, is first moved to the left enclosure rectangle, then moves down, until can not move again;
(V) upgrades the not stock layout area information of sheet material, comprises and upgrades the residue stock layout width of every layer of sheet material and upgrade the not point set information in stock layout region of sheet material;
(VI) judges whether to also have not stock layout rectangle, and whether stock layout sequence be sky, if having, chooses first enclosure rectangle in stock layout sequence not, returns to step (II); If no, finish stock layout process.
5. a kind of nesting of irregular parts method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 6), in order to reduce the white space between part, from first part of stock layout, one by one part is carried out to downward translation, when mobile, need meet following requirement: part does not exceed sheet material border, does not have overlapping between part; When the translation downwards of all parts, complete the automatically correct stock layout of irregular part.
6. the Nesting of a kind of irregular part on rectangular plate according to claim 1 or 5, is characterized in that: when completing the automatically correct stock layout of irregular part, can adopt formula
calculate the stock layout utilization factor of sheet material.
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