CN103677057A - Voltage regulator - Google Patents
Voltage regulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103677057A CN103677057A CN201310538727.0A CN201310538727A CN103677057A CN 103677057 A CN103677057 A CN 103677057A CN 201310538727 A CN201310538727 A CN 201310538727A CN 103677057 A CN103677057 A CN 103677057A
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Abstract
A voltage regulator comprises a current regulator which is used for keeping a preset current in the voltage regulator.
Description
Technical field
The involved in the present invention voltage regulator that is subordinated to, particularly as the improvement project of the voltage regulator of a negative voltage regulator.The present invention needs, and a negative voltage regulator with good dynamic response and stability is provided, and from a low negative input voltage source job.This especially needs, and voltage regulator keeps stable with respect to the variation of temperature.
Background technology
The invention still further relates to a plurality of current regulators that make voltage regulator keep scheduled current.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of improved voltage regulator: it comprises an output terminal that an output voltage is provided; An adjustable side; A control circuit that is connected to output terminal and adjustable side, the difference of its level and adjustable side voltage is a default voltage.The control circuit of voltage regulator of the present invention comprises: a resitstance voltage divider being coupled between output terminal and adjustable side; A pair of triode, their collector connects together jointly, and their base stage difference contact resistance voltage divider, so that the output terminal of part and the voltage difference of adjustable side to be provided between two transistor bases, wherein these two triodes, when the voltage difference when between output terminal and adjustable side equals default voltage difference, provide the default ratio that flows through triode electric current under different current densities; A high-gain amplifier circuit that is connected to this pair of transistor emitter and output terminal, it is for ordering about when the ratio of triode electric current is predeterminated voltage for presetting ratio and output terminal and adjustable side voltage difference, and the voltage of output terminal maintains a fixed voltage.
Difference due to the current density of a pair of triode has an intrinsic emitter base voltage that is proportional to temperature poor between the base stage of a pair of triode
.Preferred voltage regulator of the present invention further comprises that a temperature coefficient is negative device, and it is connected in series to resitstance voltage divider between adjustable side and output terminal with this voltage difference to triode of balance
positive temperature coefficient (PTC).
Technical solution of the present invention is:
For making voltage regulator provide extra stability with respect to the variation of temperature, preferred voltage regulator of the present invention should be comprised of an integrated circuit, and wherein said a pair of triode and temperature coefficient are that negative device is distributed in a common center.
Another feature of voltage regulator of the present invention is that it comprises a high-gain amplifier circuit, and described a pair of triode is NPN type triode.This high-gain amplifier circuit comprises a pair of positive-negative-positive triode, and its base stage connects together, and emitter is connected respectively to the right emitter of NPN type triode, and wherein positive-negative-positive triode is to being operated under identical current density; An amplifier, it is connected to the right collector of positive-negative-positive triode, for amplifying the difference that flows into the right electric current of positive-negative-positive triode, thus the level of driver output terminal voltage for keeping.
Voltage regulator of the present invention also comprises for keeping the current regulator of the predetermined current of voltage regulator.Current regulator comprises the first terminal and the second terminal that is connected across voltage source two ends; The source triode of a plurality of identical drivings, its base stage connects together, and emitter-coupled is to described the first terminal; A triode pair; An electric current limits resistance; Control triode for one.The emitter of the first triode that described triode is right is connected to the second terminal, and its base stage is connected to it self collector.The base stage of the second triode that described triode is right is connected to the collector of described the first triode.The first triode is operated in the current density that is greater than described the second triode, wherein between the right emitter of triode, has a default voltage difference
.Electric current limits resistance and is connected to emitter and the second terminal at described the second triode, is proportional to predeterminated voltage poor for setting
the predetermined current of passing through described the second triode.Control the collector coupled of triode to the collector of the source triode of identical driving, its emitter is connected on the collector of described the second triode, and base stage is setovered to control the base current of the source triode of identical driving by the first or second terminal.The collector coupled of one of them of source triode is to the collector of described the second triode, so that the collector current of the source triode of identical driving keeps preset value.
Further feature of the present invention can be with reference to the description of following instance.
Contrast patent documentation: CN202550574U voltage regulator 201220129406.6
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the schematic circuit of first preferred embodiment of voltage regulator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic circuit of second preferred embodiment of voltage regulator of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic circuit of first preferred embodiment of current regulator of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic circuit of second preferred embodiment of current regulator of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is according to the schematic circuit of the preferred embodiment of negative voltage regulator of the present invention (this voltage regulator comprises that according to current regulator of the present invention).
Fig. 6 shows the physical location of Fig. 5 circuit emitter of the triode of each function in an integrated circuit, to provide best heat radiation transient state and gradient to suppress.
Fig. 7 is one and the negative voltage regulator of Fig. 5 is shown as the schematic circuit diagram of an adjustable voltage regulator use.
Embodiment:
According to voltage regulator of the present invention preferred embodiment, be shown in Fig. 1.In this example, voltage regulator comprises for the output terminal 10 of output voltage is provided, adjustable side 11, for being connected to the input end 12 of power supply, and a control circuit (being a default magnitude of voltage for keeping the voltage of output terminal 10 and the voltage of adjustable side 11) being connected between output terminal 10 and terminal 11.Adjustable side 11 is for being connected to voltage source, and voltage source is with respect to output terminal 10 forward bias.
Described control circuit comprises that a resitstance voltage divider (comprising resistance R 1 and R2) is coupled between output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11, a pair of triode Q1 and Q2, a high-gain amplifier circuit 13.
This pair of triode Q1 and Q2, their collector connects jointly, R1, the R2 that base stage is connected respectively to resitstance voltage divider with between output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11 (being between their base stage) part voltage difference is provided.This pair of triode Q1 and Q2 are operated under different current densities, while equaling default voltage difference for the voltage difference between output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11, provide the ratio of the electric current of default inflow triode Q1 and Q2.
Plus and blowup circuit 13 is connected to emitter and the output terminal 10 of described a pair of triode Q1, Q2, take and be used at the electric current that flows through triode Q1, the Q2 voltage difference between preset ratio and output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11 during as default voltage difference, maintaining output end voltage is certain level.Due to the difference of the current density of described a pair of triode Q1 and Q2, between the base stage of described a pair of triode Q1, Q2, having one, to be proportional to the emitter base voltage of temperature poor
.
Temperature coefficient is that negative triode Q3 is connected in series to resitstance voltage divider R1, the R2 between adjustable side 11 and output terminal 10, to be used for the voltage difference of balance triode Q1, Q2
positive temperature coefficient (PTC).
In the voltage regulator of Fig. 1, a pair of triode Q1, Q2 are NPN type triodes, and high-gain amplifier circuit 13 comprises an operational amplifier 14 and a pair of positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5.Positive-negative-positive triode connects jointly to the base stage of Q4, Q5, and its emitter is connected respectively to the emitter of a pair of NPN type triode Q1, Q2.Positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5 are operated under identical current density.
Operational amplifier 14 is connected to the collector of a pair of positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5, to be used for amplifying the difference of the electric current that flows through positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5, thus the level of drive output 10 voltages for keeping.
The voltage regulator of Fig. 1 also comprises that a current source and electric current limit resistance R 3 and R4.
Fig. 2 has shown according to second of a voltage regulator of the present invention preferred embodiment.The voltage regulator of Fig. 2 comprises an output terminal 10, adjustable side 11, and input end 12, resitstance voltage divider R1, R2, a pair of NPN type triode Q1, Q2 and temperature coefficient are negative triode Q3.All these devices all connect each other, and the voltage regulator of identical assembly and Fig. 1 provides identical function.
The place that the voltage regulator of Fig. 2 is different from the voltage regulator of Fig. 1 is high-gain amplifier circuit 15.High-gain amplifier circuit 15 comprises a pair of positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5, the 3rd, the 4th and the 5th NPN type triode Q6, Q7 and Q8, the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9 and an output stage (comprising NPN type triode Q10 and Q11).
Positive-negative-positive triode connects jointly to the base stage of Q4, Q5, and its emitter is connected respectively to the emitter of a pair of NPN type triode Q1, Q2.Positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5 are operated under identical current density.
The connector of the 3rd NPN type triode Q6 is connected to a collector (being connected to NPN type triode to the NPN type triode Q1 with larger current density in Q1 and Q2) of positive-negative-positive triode Q4.The base stage of the 3rd NPN type triode Q6 is connected to the collector of himself.
The collector of the 4th NPN type triode Q7 is connected to a collector (being connected to NPN triode to having the NPN triode Q2 of lower current density in Q1 and Q2) of positive-negative-positive triode Q5.The base stage of the 4th NPN type triode Q7 is connected to the collector of the 3rd NPN type triode Q6.The collector of the second positive-negative-positive triode Q4 and Q5 is connected to each other, and is connected to the base stage of triode Q4 and Q5.
The base stage of the 5th NPN type triode Q8 is connected to the collector of the 4th NPN type triode Q7, and its emitter is connected to the emitter of the 4th NPN type triode Q7.
The base stage of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9 is coupled to the collector of the 5th NPN type triode Q8, and its emitter-coupled is to output terminal 10.
Biasing circuit EB is connected to output terminal 10, so that the emitter voltage of the 3rd, the 4th and the 5th NPN type triode Q6, Q7, Q8 is connected to output terminal 10 jointly, so that flow through the difference that the electric current of the 3rd NPN type triode is proportional to the electric current that flows through positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5.
The output stage that comprises NPN type triode Q10, Q11 is connected between output terminal 10 and input end 12 and the collector of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9, for amplifying by the electric current of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9, thereby flowing through NPN type triode, to the electric current of Q1, Q2, be default ratio and the voltage between output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11 while being default voltage difference, the level of the voltage of drive output 10 for keeping.
The voltage regulator of Fig. 2 also comprises for the collector that is connected to the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9 of high rate degree of stability and the capacitor C 1 between input end 12, a pair of current source are provided
with
.
Fig. 3 has shown according to of the present invention for keeping a preferred embodiment of the current regulator of predetermined current.The current regulator of Fig. 3 comprises the first and second terminals 10 and 12, for connecting a voltage source; A pair of triode Q12 and Q13; An electric current limits resistance R 9; Source triode 15a, 16b, 15c and their emitter-coupled of 15d(of controlling triode Q14 and identical driving is to the first terminal 10).
The emitter of the first triode Q12 is connected to the second terminal 12, and its base stage is connected to it self collector.The base stage of the second triode Q13 is connected to the collector of the first triode Q12.The first triode Q12 is operated in the current density that is greater than the second triode Q13, thereby between the emitter of triode Q12, Q13, has a default voltage difference
.
Between the emitter and the second terminal 12 of the second triode Q13 that electric current restriction resistance R 9 is connected to, for setting a default voltage difference
.
Control the collector coupled of triode Q14 to the base stage of source triode 15a, 16b, 15c and the 15d of identical driving, its emitter is connected to the collector of described the second triode Q13, base stage is setovered by biasing circuit ES with respect to the second terminal 12, for controlling the base current of source triode Q15A, Q16b, Q15c and the Q15d of identical driving.
The collector coupled of source triode Q16b is to the collector of the second triode Q13, for the collector current of source triode Q15a, Q16b, Q15c and the Q15d of the identical driving that keeps presetting.
Fig. 4 has shown second preferred embodiment of current regulator of the present invention.The current regulator of this example comprises source triode Q15a, Q16b, Q15c and the Q15d of a plurality of identical drivings, a pair of triode Q12 and Q13, and an electric current limits resistor R9 and a control triode Q14.These ingredients are to be mutually related, and the assembly identical with the current regulator of Fig. 3 provides identical function.
The source triode of a plurality of identical drivings of the current regulator of Fig. 4 is provided by a plurality of collector a, c and the d of positive-negative-positive triode Q16 and positive-negative-positive triode Q15.Triode is NPN type triode to Q12 and Q13.Controlling triode Q14 is NPN type triode.Controlling the large base stage of triode Q14 is setovered by biasing circuit (comprising resistance R 14 and R13) with respect to the second terminal 12.
Control the collector coupled of triode Q14 to the source triode Q15 of identical driving and the base stage of Q16, its emitter is connected to the collector of described the second triode Q13, for controlling the source triode Q15 of identical driving and the base current of Q16.The collector that the collector " b " of source triode Q16 is coupled to the second triode Q13 is default electric current for keeping the electric current of collector Q15a, c, d and Q15b of the source triode of each identical driving.
The which couple being comprised of resistance R 29, R10, R11 and diode D1, D2 is to described the first terminal 10 and the second terminal 12, and be coupled to the source triode Q15 of identical driving and the base stage of Q16, to guarantee that voltage regulator is started working when voltage is applied to terminal 10 and 12.
The current regulator of Fig. 4 also comprises source triode Q18, Q19, Q20 and the Q21 of more than second identical driving, its emitter-coupled is to the second terminal 12, base stage is coupled to " a " of the collector of source electrode triode Q15 by resistance R 14, for the collector from more than second source triode Q18, Q19, Q20 and Q21, provide extra default electric current.The second described source triode is NPN type triode.
Fig. 5 has shown according to the negative voltage regulator of the present invention preferred embodiment of (this voltage regulator comprises that according to current regulator of the present invention).In the description of this example, identical drawing reference numeral is illustrated in the same components in Fig. 1,2,3 and 4.
The negative voltage regulator of Fig. 5 comprise a negative output voltage end (
) 10, adjustable side 11, negative input voltage end (
) 12, and control circuit.Negative output voltage through voltage stabilizing
at terminal 10, provide.Adjustable side 11 is for being connected to a voltage source, and voltage source is used for carrying out forward bias with respect to negative output voltage end 10.Negative voltage input end 12 is for being connected to power supply.
Described control circuit is connected to output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11, for keeping the difference of output end voltage and adjustable side 11 voltages, is a default voltage difference.
Described control circuit comprises a resitstance voltage divider (it comprises resistance R 1 and R2) being coupled between output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11, a pair of NPN type triode Q1, Q2, and a high-gain amplifier circuit 16.
Described a pair of NPN type triode Q1 and Q2, its collector connects jointly, and base stage is connected respectively to resitstance voltage divider R1, R2, for providing part voltage difference between the base stage between output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11 being triode.These two NPN type triode Q1 and Q2 are operated in different current densities, and being used for, when the voltage difference when between output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11 is default voltage difference, provides the default ratio that flows through the right electric current of NPN type triode.
Difference due to the current density of described a pair of NPN type triode Q1 and Q2 has an intrinsic emitter base voltage being directly proportional to temperature poor between NPN type triode Q1 and the base stage of Q2
.
A temperature coefficient is that negative positive-negative-positive triode Q41 is connected in series to resitstance voltage divider R1, the R2 between adjustable side 11 and output terminal 10, with balance, is used for NPN type triode Q1, Q2 voltage difference
positive temperature coefficient (PTC).
The base stage of positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5 connects jointly, and its emitter is connected respectively to the emitter of a pair of NPN type triode Q1, Q2.Positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5 are operated under identical current density.
The collector of the 3rd NPN type triode Q6 is connected to a collector (it is connected to NPN type triode to the NPN type triode Q1 with larger current density in Q1, Q2) of positive-negative-positive triode Q4.The base stage of the 3rd NPN type triode Q6 is connected with the collector of self.
The collector of the 4th NPN type triode Q7 is connected to the collector (being connected to NPN type triode to the NPN type triode Q2 with lower current density in Q1, Q2) of positive-negative-positive triode Q5.The base stage of the 4th NPN type triode Q7 is connected to the collector of the 3rd NPN type triode Q6.The collector of the second positive-negative-positive triode Q4 and Q5 is connected to each other, and is connected to the base stage of triode Q4 and Q5.
The base stage of the 5th NPN type triode Q8 is connected to the collector of the 4th NPN type triode Q7, and its emitter is connected to the emitter of the 4th NPN type triode Q7.
The base stage of the 6th NPN type triode Q17 is coupled to the collector of the 5th NPN type triode Q8 by resistance R 24, its collector is connected to output terminal 10.
The base stage of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9 is connected to the emitter of the 6th NPN type triode Q17, and its emitter is coupled to output terminal 10 by resistance R 45.
The biasing circuit that comprises diode D5 and resistance R 42 is connected to output terminal 10, with the emitter of the 3rd, the 4th and the 5th NPN type triode Q6, Q7, Q8 of setovering according to output terminal 10, thereby make the electric current that flows through positive-negative-positive triode Q9 be proportional to the difference that flows through positive-negative-positive triode Q4, Q5 electric current.
The output stage that comprises NPN type Darlington triode (being compound transistor) Q10 and Q11 is connected between output terminal 10 and input end 12 and the collector of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9, for the electric current flowing through NPN type triode Q1, Q2, be that voltage difference between preset ratio and output terminal 10 and adjustable side 11 is while being default voltage difference, amplify by the electric current of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9, thus the level of the voltage of drive output 10 for keeping.
The base stage of NPN type triode Q10 is coupled to the collector of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9 by resistance R 46, and the base stage of NPN type triode Q11 is connected to the emitter of NPN type triode Q10.The emitter of NPN type triode Q10 is coupled to input end 12 by resistance R 5, and the emitter of triode Q11 is by the input end 12 of resistance R 6 and R7.The collector of triode Q10 and Q11 is connected to output terminal 10.
The emitter of triode Q2 is greater than the emitter of triode Q1, and its value is a parameter between 4 and 10, like this when the voltage difference between terminal 10 and 11 equals default voltage, for example 1.25 volts, equiulbrium flow is crossed to the electric current of triode Q1 and Q2.When the voltage difference between terminal 10 and 11 is followed default voltage difference variation, flow into the electric current of triode Q1 and Q2 emitter by unequal, thereby between triode Q1 and the emitter terminal of Q2, provide an error signal, to indicate the voltage difference between terminal 10 and 11 follow default voltage difference and change.
For the working condition of explanation high-gain amplifier circuit 16, can consider this situation: owing to being connected to the load (not shown) of terminal 10, increase, the described negative output voltage through voltage stabilizing at terminal 10 reduces with respect to the current potential of terminal 11.When the voltage difference between terminal 10 and 11 reduces, the base voltage of triode Q2 rises, thereby causes flowing into respectively from the emitter of triode Q1, Q2 the current imbalance of the emitter of triode Q4, Q5.From the emitter of triode Q1 with from the electric current of the outflow of the emitter of triode Q1, decline, thus the loop imbalance that contains triode Q1, Q2, Q4 and Q5.The current following that flows through triode Q7 flows through the electric current of triode Q4.Therefore, when flowing through the electric current of triode Q4 and reduce, the electric current that flows through triode Q7 also reduces, thereby causes the electric current that flows through triode Q8 to increase.So just reduced the electric current that flows through triode Q17, in the also minimizing (that is, the current potential with respect to terminal 10 becomes larger in negative direction) thereupon of the error signal through amplifying of triode Q17 emitter.
When the emitter from triode Q17 through amplifying reduces to the error signal of the base stage of positive-negative-positive triode Q9, the electric current that flows through positive-negative-positive triode Q9 increases, thereby causes the electric current that flows through output stage triode Q10 and Q11 from terminal 10 to terminal 12 to increase.The curent change that flows through positive-negative-positive triode Q9 that output stage triode Q10 and Q11 cause the error change by triode 17 emitters amplifies.
The electric current that flows through the increase of output stage triode Q10 and Q11 becomes larger by the voltage that causes negative voltage output terminal 10 with respect to the voltage of adjustable side 11 in negative direction, thereby the voltage difference between terminal 10 and 11 is equated with described default voltage difference.When the voltage difference between terminal 10 and 11 remains default voltage difference, in the error signal through amplifying of triode Q17 emitter, will not change, and the electric current maintenance of flowing through between terminal 10 and 12 is constant.
According to the preferred embodiment of negative voltage regulator of the present invention, comprise several for guaranteeing good dynamic response and the assembly of stability.
In high-gain amplifier circuit 16, a feedforward capacitor C2 is connected between the base stage of triode Q2 and the base stage of triode Q17, for raising speed and stability.A capacitor C1 is connected between the collector and input end 12 of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode Q9, for high frequency stability is provided.
Current regulation circuit 20a, a 20b are connected to terminal 10 and 12, for voltage regulator provides the default working current of maintenance.Current regulation circuit 20a, 20b comprise: a pair of triode Q12 and Q13; Electric current limits resistance R 9; Control triode Q14; The first source triode Q15, collector a, e, c and d that it contains a plurality of identical drivings; The triode Q16 of an identical driving, it contains a collector b; The second source triode Q18, Q19, Q20 and the Q21 of a plurality of identical drivings.Triode Q12, Q13, Q14, Q18, Q19, Q20 and Q21 are NPN type triodes, and triode Q15 and Q16 are positive-negative-positive triodes.
The emitter of the first triode Q12 in described a pair of triode is connected to input end 12, and its base stage is connected to it self collector.This base stage to the second triode Q13 of triode is connected to the collector of the first triode Q12.The first triode Q12 is operated in than under the large current density of the second triode Q13, thereby between the emitter of triode Q12, Q13, has a default voltage difference
.
Electric current limits resistance R 9 and is connected between the emitter and input end 12 of the second triode Q13, for setting, flows through the default voltage difference of being proportional to of the second triode Q13
electric current.
Control the collector coupled of triode Q14 to the base stage of source triode Q15 and Q16, its emitter is connected to the collector of described the second triode Q13, and its base stage is setovered according to input end 12, for controlling the base current of source triode Q15 and Q16.The base stage of Q15 and Q16 is also coupled to the start-up circuit being comprised of resistance R 7, R26, R25, R33, R29, R10, R11 and diode D1, D2.
The collector " b " of source triode Q16 is coupled to the collector of described the second triode Q13, for the electric current that keeps all collector a, b from source triode Q15 and Q16, c, d and e to flow out, is default value.
The emitter-coupled of the source triode Q18 of more than second identical driving, Q19, Q20, Q21 is to input end 12, its base stage is coupled to the base stage " a " of source triode by resistance R 14, for the extra default electric current flowing out from the second source triode Q18, Q19, Q20 and Q21 is provided.
The emitter of triode Q13 is than very big several times of the transmitting of triode Q12, and by the electric current of triode Q15 collector " b "
with by the electric current of triode Q13
coupling.Electric current
and electric current
with respect at terminal
the negative input voltage providing is stable, and proportional with absolute temperature.Therefore, can, from the collector of the first source triode Q15 reservation or from described the second source triode Q18, Q19, Q20, Q21, provide being greater than or less than of different sizes
reversal source.This current source is not with the voltage in terminal 10 and 11
with
variation and change.
The base stage of triode Q18, Q19, Q20 and Q21 is coupled to the collector " b " of source triode Q15 by resistance R 14.The emitter of triode Q18, Q19, Q20 and Q21 is coupled to terminal 12 by resistance R 17, R30, R18 and R19 respectively.In high-gain amplifier circuit 16, the collector of triode Q18 provides a stable current source to the collector of triode Q9.In high-gain amplifier circuit 16, the collector of triode Q19 provides a stable current source to the emitter of triode Q17.In high-gain amplifier circuit 16, the collector of triode Q20 provides a stable current source to the emitter of triode Q6, Q7, Q8.
The collector of triode Q41 is connected to the collector of triode Q8, for the current source of a voltage higher than the negative output voltage at terminal 10 being provided to high-gain amplifier circuit 16.
The preferred embodiment of negative voltage regulator of the present invention is stable with respect to temperature variation.The temperature compensation function of triode Q41 is discussed in above-mentioned process.In addition, have a temperature curvature compensating circuit, it comprises positive-negative-positive triode Q25, NPN type triode Q22 and Q23, resistance R 20, and be coupled to adjustable side 11 and high-gain amplifier circuit 16, for keeping the electric current of adjustable side 11 relatively constant about temperature.
In current regulator 20a, 20b, the base stage of the emitter of triode Q23 and triode Q25 is connected to a stable current source on triode Q21 collector.In high-gain amplifier circuit 16, the base stage of triode Q23 and collector are connected to the base stage of triode Q4 jointly.The collector of triode Q25 is connected to terminal 12.The emitter of triode Q25 is connected to the emitter of triode Q22 by resistor R20.The collector of triode Q22 is connected to reference voltage end 11 by resistance R 21 and R22.The collector of triode Q22 is also connected to the base stage of triode Q1 by resistance R 23.The base stage of triode Q22 is connected to the emitter of triode Q41.
The base stage of triode Q1, Q4, Q22, Q23, Q25 and Q41 is to the junction voltage of emitter
increase with temperature reduces, and with the minimizing of temperature, increases.
The worked example of temperature curvature compensating circuit is as follows.Consider the situation that temperature reduces, the voltage drop of triode Q1 emitter
; The base voltage of triode Q4 declines 4
; The emitter voltage of triode Q25 declines 4
.The base stage of triode Q41 is connected to negative output voltage end 10, and it is constant that its variation with temperature keeps.Yet the base voltage of the emitter of triode Q41 and triode Q22 all rises 2
.Therefore, the triode Q22 emitter voltage at the upper end of resistance R 20 keeps constant.Due to when temperature declines, at the triode Q25 of resistance R 20 downsides emitter voltage, decline 4
, along with the reduction of temperature, more current flowing resistance R20 and triode Q22 are to adjustable side 11, to keep the electric current of terminal 11 with respect to temperature constant.
The preferred embodiment of negative voltage regulator of the present invention also comprises a circuit 24, and it is connected to high-gain amplifier circuit 16 and terminal 10 and 12, flows to the electric current of terminal 12 for sensing from terminal 10, and for restriction along with
increase the decrement of electric current.This circuit 24 comprises NPN type triode Q19, Q26, Q27, positive-negative-positive triode Q28, resistance R 7, R25, R26, R27, R28, R29 and R30, resistance R 31, R32 and R33, Zener diode D3, capacitor C4 and C5.
The emitter of current source triode Q19 is coupled to terminal 12 by resistance R 30, and the collector of source triode Q19 is connected to the base stage of triode Q9.The emitter of triode Q26 is connected to input end 12, and the collector of triode Q26 is connected to the base stage of triode Q28, and by resistance R 28, is coupled to conversely again the emitter of triode Q28.The emitter of triode Q28 is connected to the collector of triode Q9 and the collector of current source triode Q18.The collector of triode Q27 is coupled to the base stage of triode Q26 by resistance R 32, and by resistance R 27 and R35, is connected to the collector of triode Q9.The base stage of triode Q27 is connected to it self collector by resistance R 31 and resistance R 27.The first emitter of an independent triode Q27 is connected to output line 22 by resistance R 26 from the output stage triode Q11 at resistance R 6 nodes and inductive reactance R7.Triode Q27 comprises extra emitter
by Zener diode D3 in parallel and resistance R 33, also by resistance R 29 and Zener diode D1, be coupled to terminal 10.This emitter
the line 22 that also resistance R 25 by series connection and resistance R 26 are coupled to.
Inductive reactance R27 is approximately 0.4 ohm.Electric current from terminal 10 to terminal 12 obtains by the voltage at inductive reactance R7 two ends by sensing.When this electric current increases, the voltage at inductive reactance R7 two ends increases, and the voltage of the emitter and collector of triode Q27 increases.This has increased again the electric current that flows through triode Q26 conversely, and causes electric current to start to flow through triode Q28.When electric current flows through triode Q28, flow through the current cut-off of triode Q19.When triode Q19 ends, flowing through the increase of electric current of triode Q9 and the electric current that passes through output stage triode Q10 and Q11 obtaining thus increases and will be limited.
When increasing, the electric current that flows through resistance R 29 and resistance R 25 increases, thereby causes flowing through the emitter of triode Q27
current cut-off.This also causes the electric current that flows through triode Q9 to reduce, and therefore exists
quantity hour, output stage triode Q10 and Q11 are flow through in restriction electric current from terminal 10 to terminal 12 is a lower value.
The preferred embodiment of negative voltage regulator of the present invention also comprises a circuit 26, and it is for detection of the high temperature of voltage modulator circuit, and when sensing a default temperature, turn-offs the power supply of negative output voltage terminal 10.
Circuit 26 comprises NPN type triode Q30, Q31, Q32 and Q33, positive-negative-positive triode Q34 and Q35 and resistance R 37, R38, R39, R40 and R41.The collector of triode Q30 is connected to the collector of triode Q9, and its emitter is connected to input terminal 12.The base stage of triode Q30 is connected to the collector " e " of triode Q15 and the collector of triode Q31 by line 30.The emitter of triode Q31 is connected to input end 12, and its base stage is connected to the collector " c " of triode Q15 and the collector of triode Q32 by line 31.The emitter of triode Q32 is connected to input end 12, and its base stage is connected to the base stage of Q30 by resistance R 37 and R38.The base stage of triode Q32 is coupled to terminal 12 by resistance R 38 and R39.The collector that the base stage of triode Q32 is also connected to, and the emitter of triode Q34 is coupled to the collector " d " of triode Q15 by line 32.The base stage of triode Q34 is connected to the collector of triode Q33.The emitter of triode Q33 is coupled to input end 12 by resistance R 40, and its collector is coupled to the collector " d " of triode Q15 by resistance R 41 and line 32.Base stage with triode Q35 is the same, and the base stage of triode Q33 is connected to the collector of triode Q12.The collector of triode Q35 is connected to terminal 12, and its emitter is connected to the collector " d " of triode Q15 by line 32.The transmitting of the triode Q35 very emitter of triode Q34 provides a bias voltage.
When the temperature of triode Q33 rises to a default temperature, the electric current by triode Q33 is increased to a value and makes triode Q34 conducting, thus turn-on transistor Q32.This will end triode Q31, thereby cause triode Q30 conducting.When triode Q30 conducting, from the collector current of triode Q9, flow directly into input terminal 12, thereby turn-off the output power of output triode Q10 and Q11 and shutoff lead-out terminal 10.
Resistance in Fig. 5 circuit and the value of electric capacity are as follows:
Diode D2, D4 and D5 are NPN transistor, and its base stage is connected in the mode same with triode Q6 with collector.Zener diode D1 and D3 are NPN transistor, and its collector and emitter connects together.
In an integrated circuit example of negative voltage regulator of the present invention, hot gradual change and transient state embody at identical center by placing the emitter of the triode of specific function.
Forward Fig. 6 to, be divided into two independently regions with the emitter of other triode compound triode in function, the emitter of each identical triode represents by identical reference symbol, for example Q2.The emitter of specific triode combination is placed on identical distribution center.For example, in the combination of triode Q1, Q2 and Q41, these three triodes are centered by the emitter of triode Q41.The emitter of triode Q4 and Q5 has identical distribution center by four cross-linked modes.Four cross-couplings refer to a kind of structure, and wherein four transistors are placed with quadrilateral, and the transistor at diagonal angle is connected in parallel, so network effects are identical with two transistors.The emitter of triode Q6 and Q7 is set so that the emitter of the emitter of triode Q7 and triode Q6 has identical distribution center.
As shown in Figure 7, negative voltage regulator of the present invention is as an adjustable negative voltage regulator.The circuit of Fig. 5 is included in an encapsulated integrated circuit 50.Negative voltage input terminal 12 is connected to a negative voltage source
.Negative voltage lead-out terminal 10 is connected to terminal
for the negative output voltage of voltage stabilizing is provided.An input capacitance C21 is connected between terminal 12 and the earth terminal of circuit, and an output capacitance C22 is connected between terminal 10 and the earth terminal of circuit.A resitstance voltage divider that comprises resistance R 51 and variohm R52 is connected between terminal 10 and the earth terminal of circuit.
The numerical value 7 of the element that the circuit of Fig. 7 is used is as follows:
Claims (9)
1. a voltage regulator, is characterized in that: comprising: an output terminal that an output voltage is provided; An adjustable side; A control circuit that is connected to output terminal and adjustable side, the difference of its level and adjustable side voltage is a default voltage; Described control circuit comprises: a resitstance voltage divider being coupled between output terminal and adjustable side; A pair of triode, their collector connects together jointly, and their base stage difference contact resistance voltage divider, so that the output terminal of part and the voltage difference of adjustable side to be provided between two transistor bases, wherein these two triodes, when the voltage difference when between output terminal and adjustable side equals default voltage difference, provide the default ratio that flows through triode electric current under different current densities; A high-gain amplifier circuit that is connected to this pair of transistor emitter and output terminal, it is for ordering about when the ratio of triode electric current is predeterminated voltage for presetting ratio and output terminal and adjustable side voltage difference, and the voltage of output terminal maintains a fixed voltage.
2. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: due to described in a pair of triode the difference of current density, between the base stage of this pair of triode, have an intrinsic emitter base voltage Δ V who is proportional to temperature
be; Also comprise that a temperature coefficient is that negative device is connected in series to the resitstance voltage divider between adjustable side and output terminal, its be used for balance this to triode voltage difference delta V
bepositive temperature coefficient (PTC); Described temperature coefficient is that negative device is the 3rd triode, and the temperature coefficient of its emitter base voltage is for negative, and the emitter of described the 3rd triode and base stage are connected in series to resitstance voltage divider; The voltage regulator consisting of an integrated circuit, wherein said a pair of triode and a temperature coefficient are that negative device is distributed in a common center.Described a pair of triode is NPN type triode; High-gain amplifier circuit comprises: a pair of positive-negative-positive triode, and its base stage connects jointly, and emitter is connected respectively to the emitter of above-mentioned a pair of NPN type triode, and wherein, described a pair of positive-negative-positive triode is operated under identical current density; An amplifier is connected to the collector of described a pair of positive-negative-positive triode, for amplifying, flows into this difference to the electric current of positive-negative-positive triode to carry out driver output terminal voltage be the level of described maintenance.
3. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described amplifier comprises: a 3rd NPN type triode, its collector is connected to the collector (this positive-negative-positive triode is connected to the described NPN triode in a pair of NPN type of very large current density triode that has) of positive-negative-positive triode, and its base stage is connected to its collector; A the 4th NPN type triode, its collector is connected to the collector (positive-negative-positive triode is connected to a NPN type triode in the described a pair of NPN type triode with very low current density) of positive-negative-positive triode, and its base stage is connected to the collector of described the 3rd NPN triode; A the 5th NPN type triode, its base stage is coupled to the collector of the 4th NPN type triode, the emitter of emitter-coupled to the four NPN type triodes; A the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode, its base stage is coupled to the collector of the 5th NPN type triode, and emitter-coupled is to output terminal; A circuit arrangement that is connected to output terminal, it brings in the emitter of biasing the 3rd, the 4th and the 5th NPN type triode according to output, make to flow through the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode electric current and be proportional to the difference that flows through described a pair of positive-negative-positive triode electric current; An input end that is coupled to power supply; An output stage, it is coupled between output terminal and input end and the collector of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode, and the electric current that flows through described the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode for amplifying be take the level that driver output terminal voltage is described maintenance; One is coupled to the collector of the 3rd positive-negative-positive triode and the electric capacity between input end, and it is for providing high frequency degree of stability.
4. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: due to the difference of the current density in described a pair of NPN type triode, have an intrinsic emitter base voltage Δ V who is proportional to temperature between the base stage of this pair of triode
be; Also comprise that a temperature coefficient is that negative device is connected in series to the resitstance voltage divider between adjustable side and output terminal, its be used for balance this to triode voltage difference delta V
bepositive temperature coefficient (PTC); The voltage regulator being formed by an integrated circuit, wherein said a pair of NPN type triode and a temperature coefficient are that negative device is distributed in a common center, described a pair of positive-negative-positive triode is distributed in common center, and the third and fourth described NPN type triode is distributed in common center; The voltage regulator being formed by an integrated circuit, wherein said a pair of NPN type triode is distributed in a common center, and described a pair of positive-negative-positive triode is distributed in a common center.
5. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the voltage regulator being formed by an integrated circuit, and wherein said a pair of triode is distributed in a common center; The current regulator that keeps a plurality of predetermined current of voltage regulator, described current regulator comprises: the first and second terminals that connect a voltage source; The triode of a plurality of identical drive sources, its base stage connects jointly, and emitter is connected to described the first terminal; Second triode pair, the emitter of the first triode of described the second centering is connected to the collector that the second terminal and base stage are connected to it, the base stage of the second triode of the second centering is connected to the collector of described the first triode, wherein, current density ratio second triode of the first triode work is large, between the right emitter of the second triode, has a default voltage difference delta V
be; A current setting resistor, it is connected between the emitter and the second terminal of described the second triode, and for setting a default electric current by described the second triode, this electric current is proportional to voltage difference delta V
be; Control triode for one, its collector coupled is to the base stage of the triode of identical drive source, and its emitter is connected to the collector of described the second triode, and its base stage is setovered for controlling the base current of the triode of identical drive source by the first terminal or the second terminal; The collector coupled of one of them source triode is to the collector of described the second triode, for the collector current of the source triode of the described common driving that keeps presetting.
6. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the source triode of described a plurality of common driving is positive-negative-positive triode, and the second triode is to being a pair of NPN type triode, and controlling triode is a NPN type triode; The source triode of a plurality of identical drivings of second, its emitter-coupled is to the second terminal, and base stage is coupled to the collector of first source triode of mentioning, and for the collector from the second source triode, provides the extra predetermined electric current of maintenance; The source triode of a plurality of identical drivings of described first is positive-negative-positive triodes, and the second triode is to being NPN type triode, and controlling triode is a NPN type triode, and the source triode of a plurality of identical drivings of described second is NPN type triodes.
7. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: current regulator, for maintaining a plurality of default electric currents, comprising: the first and second terminals that are connected across voltage source two ends; Its emitter-coupled is to the source triode of a plurality of identical drivings of the first terminal; A triode pair, the emitter of the first triode that this is right is connected to the second terminal, base stage is connected to it self collector, and the base stage of this second right triode is connected to the collector of described the first triode, and described the first triode is operated in the current density that is greater than the second triode, between the right emitter of triode, there is a default voltage difference delta V
be; A current setting resistor, it is connected between the emitter and the second terminal of described the second triode, and for setting a default electric current by described the second triode, this electric current is proportional to voltage difference delta V
be; Control triode for one, its collector coupled is to the base stage of the source triode of identical driving, and its emitter is connected to the collector of described the second triode, and its base stage is setovered for controlling the base current of the triode of identical drive source by the first terminal or the second terminal; The collector coupled of one of them source triode, to the collector of described the second triode, is predetermined current for maintenance from the electric current of the collector of the triode of identical drive source.
8. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the source triode of described a plurality of identical driving is positive-negative-positive triode, and triode is to being NPN type triode, and controlling triode is NPN type triode; The source triode of more than second identical drivings, its emitter-coupled is to the second terminal, and base stage is coupled to the collector of first source triode of mentioning, and for the collector from the second source triode, provides the extra predetermined electric current of maintenance; The source triode of more than first described identical drivings is positive-negative-positive triodes, and the second triode is to being NPN type triode, and controlling triode is a NPN type triode, and the source triode of more than second described identical drivings is NPN type triodes.
9. a kind of voltage regulator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprising: an output terminal that an output voltage is provided; An adjustable side; A control circuit that is connected to output terminal and adjustable side, the difference of its level and adjustable side voltage is a default voltage; Described control circuit comprises: a resitstance voltage divider being coupled between output terminal and adjustable side; A pair of triode, their base stage is contact resistance voltage divider respectively, so that the output terminal of part and the voltage difference of adjustable side to be provided between two transistor bases, wherein these two triodes, when the voltage difference when between output terminal and adjustable side equals default voltage difference, provide the default ratio that flows through the right electric current of NPN triode under different current densities; A high-gain amplifier circuit that is connected to this pair of transistor emitter and output terminal, it is for ordering about when the ratio of triode electric current is predeterminated voltage for presetting ratio and output terminal and adjustable side voltage difference, and the voltage of output terminal maintains a fixed voltage; Difference due to the current density of described a pair of triode has a poor Δ V of the intrinsic emitter base voltage that is proportional to temperature between the base stage of a pair of triode
be; The temperature coefficient of positive-negative-positive triode is wherein for negative, for the voltage difference Δ V of a pair of triode of balance
bepositive temperature coefficient (PTC).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310538727.0A CN103677057A (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2013-11-05 | Voltage regulator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310538727.0A CN103677057A (en) | 2013-11-05 | 2013-11-05 | Voltage regulator |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106020315A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-10-12 | 拉碧斯半导体株式会社 | Semiconductor device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4176308A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1979-11-27 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Voltage regulator and current regulator |
-
2013
- 2013-11-05 CN CN201310538727.0A patent/CN103677057A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4176308A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1979-11-27 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Voltage regulator and current regulator |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106020315A (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-10-12 | 拉碧斯半导体株式会社 | Semiconductor device |
| CN106020315B (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2019-12-24 | 拉碧斯半导体株式会社 | Semiconductor device with a plurality of semiconductor chips |
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