CN103676218A - Electrooptical modulator - Google Patents
Electrooptical modulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN103676218A CN103676218A CN201310669169.1A CN201310669169A CN103676218A CN 103676218 A CN103676218 A CN 103676218A CN 201310669169 A CN201310669169 A CN 201310669169A CN 103676218 A CN103676218 A CN 103676218A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrooptical modulator and relates to the field of laser frequency stabilization. The electrooptical modulator is composed of two titanium phosphate oxygen potassium crystals (2, 5), four electrode plates (1, 3, 4, 6) and an insulating substrate (7). By means of the shape, the structure and the mutual position relation between the two titanium phosphate oxygen potassium crystals (2, 5), light enters in the brewster angle of all light passing end faces of the titanium phosphate oxygen potassium crystals, thus reflection losses are reduced. In addition, reflected light and incident light are obviously separated in space and the etalon effect is prevented from occurring. The two crystals are used in cooperation, and light beams can be transmitted without excursion after passing the modulator. The electrooptical modulator has the advantages that the electrooptical modulator can be used for suppressing high-frequency noise of a laser; when light rays which excurse horizontally enter in the brewster angle, insertion losses of the light rays are small and the etalon effect does not exist.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser frequency stabilization field, can be applicable to the compacting of laser high-frequency frequency noise.
Background technology
In laser frequency stabilization field, piezoelectric ceramics and acousto-optic modulator are often used as frequency correction device.But some laser instrument (as dye laser) has the high frequency frequency noise to MHz magnitude, the responsive bandwidth of piezoelectric ceramics and acousto-optic modulator can not meet the compacting demand of high frequency noise.And the responsive bandwidth of electro-optic crystal can, to more than MHz, can be used to the HFS in controlled frequency noise.Therefore, inserting electrooptical crystal modulator as the topworks of broadband feedback control loop in laserresonator, is the effective means of the high frequency frequency noise of compacting laser instrument.
Generally speaking, the dielectric property of electro-optic crystal is not isotropic, can portray with principal dielectric axe system X-Y-Z the anisotropy of crystals dielectric property.The design of electrooptic modulator need be considered the direction of electric field, the direction of propagation of light etc. in crystal, and these depend on again the cutting mode of Electrooptic crystal material, i.e. the spatial orientation of each end face of crystalline size and crystal in principal dielectric axe system.
At present, when Electric optical modulation in intra-cavity device is suppressed for laser high-frequency frequency noise, its logical light end face and incident light direction of propagation near normal.This scheme has 2 deficiencies: 1., in the time of in crystal inserts chamber, the incident angle of near zero degree can be brought certain reflection loss, has improved the photo threshold that of laser instrument; 2. when light is by crystal, can be at crystals multiple reflections, these reflected light registration in space is better, mutually interferes and produces etalon effect, easily causes the unstable of laser instrument output optical mode.Although can greatly reduce loss and etalon effect at the logical light face plating of crystal anti-reflection film, now for the laser instrument for precision measurement field, faint interference just can produce tremendous influence to whole laser performance.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of electrooptic modulator, this electrooptic modulator is comprised of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals, four electrode plate and insulated substrate.The present invention is by shape, structure and the position relationship each other of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals, realized the brewster angle incidence of light at all logical light end faces of potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal, and then reduction reflection loss, and reflected light and incident light are spatially separated significantly, avoid the generation of etalon effect.And adopt two crystal to be used in conjunction with, can realize light beam by propagating without skew after modulator.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, can be for the compacting of laser high-frequency frequency noise, when the light of horizontal polarization during with brewster angle incidence its insertion loss little, and without etalon effect.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of electrooptic modulator is comprised of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals, four electrode plate and insulated substrate; The first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal is rectangular parallelepiped, two logical light end faces are all parallel with Z axis, logical light end face is positioned at Y-Z plane and around Z axis, is rotated counterclockwise 29.33 ° and locates, the upper and lower surface of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal is all vertical with Z axis, conducting resinl bonding the first battery lead plate of difference and the second battery lead plate for the upper and lower surface of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal, the edge of the first battery lead plate and the second battery lead plate is than long 1 ~ 3 millimeter of the edge of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal rectangular parallelepiped; The shape of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal, size and structure are all identical with the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal, the conducting resinl bonding third electrode plate of difference and the 4th battery lead plate for the upper and lower surface of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal, the edge of third electrode plate and the 4th battery lead plate is than long 1 ~ 3 millimeter of the edge of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal rectangular parallelepiped; The first battery lead plate is connected with wire with the 4th battery lead plate, and the second battery lead plate is connected with wire with third electrode plate; The Z axis of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal is contrary with the Z-direction of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal, the logical light end face angle of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals is 121.34 °, and the position of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals is symmetrical about the angular bisector of the logical light end face angle of these two crystal; The minor increment of the minor increment of the first battery lead plate and third electrode plate and the second battery lead plate and the 4th battery lead plate is 1 ~ 10 millimeter; The 4th battery lead plate of the second battery lead plate of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal and the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal is all fixed on insulated substrate.
The present invention is by shape, structure and the position relationship each other of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals, realized the brewster angle incidence of light at all logical light end faces of potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal, and then reduction reflection loss, and reflected light and incident light are spatially separated significantly, avoid the generation of etalon effect.And adopt two crystal to be used in conjunction with, can realize light beam by propagating without skew after modulator.The Brewster angle that incides potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTP) crystal from air dielectric according to the known light of refractive index of potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTP) crystal is 60.67 °, if light beam is with this angle incident,, at four refractive index interphase places of the present invention, incident angle is all the Brewster angle at this place.For the laser of horizontal polarization, ideally reflectivity equals zero, so design has realized the little object of reflection loss.And at crystals, the light of multiple reflections is spatially separated significantly, destroyed the generation condition of interfering, therefore can there is not etalon effect yet.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, can be for the compacting of laser high-frequency frequency noise, when the light of horizontal polarization during with brewster angle incidence its insertion loss little, and without etalon effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein: 1 is that the first battery lead plate, 3 is that the second battery lead plate, 4 is that third electrode plate, 6 is that the 4th battery lead plate, 2 is that the first potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTP) crystal, 5 is the second potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTP) crystal; 7 is insulated substrate.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for dye laser ring resonator by a kind of electrooptic modulator of the present invention.
Wherein: 8 is pumping mirror, 9 is dyestuff jet flow, 10 and 11 is concave mirror, and 12,16,18 and 20 is level crossing, and 13,17,19 and 21 is piezoelectric ceramics, 14 is birefringent filter, 15 is thick etalon, and 22 is Brewster window, and 23 is Faraday polarization apparatus, 24 is thin etalon, and 25 is a kind of electrooptic modulator of the present invention.
Track schematic diagram when light is through the first potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTP) crystal 2 and the second potassium titanium oxide phosphate (KTP) crystal 5 when Fig. 3 a kind of electrooptic modulator of the present invention is arranged in dye laser ring resonator.
Fig. 4 laser frequency noise spectrum.
Wherein: curve 1 is the frequency noise of laser under free working order; Curve 2 is piezoelectric ceramics frequency noise in the ring after frequency locking during as topworks; Curve 3 is piezoelectric ceramics and the present invention frequency noise in the ring after frequency locking during jointly as topworks.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment mono-
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electrooptic modulator by two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals 2 and 5, four electrode plate 1,3,4 and 6 and insulated substrate 7 form; The first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 2 is rectangular parallelepiped, two logical light end faces are all parallel with Z axis, logical light end face is positioned at Y-Z plane and around Z axis, is rotated counterclockwise 29.33 ° and locates, the upper and lower surface of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 2 is all vertical with Z axis, the edge of bonding the first battery lead plate 1 and the second battery lead plate 3, the first battery lead plates 1 and the second battery lead plate 3 is distinguished than long 1 ~ 3 millimeter of the edge of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 2 rectangular parallelepipeds in the upper and lower surface of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 2 with conducting resinl; The shape of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 5, size and structure are all identical with the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 2, the conducting resinl bonding third electrode plate 4 of difference and the 4th battery lead plate 6 for the upper and lower surface of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 5, the edge of third electrode plate 4 and the 4th battery lead plate 6 is than long 1 ~ 3 millimeter of the edge of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 5 rectangular parallelepipeds; The first battery lead plate 1 is connected with the 4th battery lead plate 6 use wires, and the second battery lead plate 3 is connected with third electrode plate 4 use wires; The Z axis of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 2 is contrary with the Z-direction of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 5, the logical light end face angle of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals is 121.34 °, and the position of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals is symmetrical about the angular bisector of the logical light end face angle of these two crystal; The first battery lead plate 1 is 1 ~ 10 millimeter with the minor increment of third electrode plate 4 and the minor increment of the second battery lead plate 3 and the 4th battery lead plate 6; The second battery lead plate 3 of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 2 and the 4th battery lead plate 6 of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal 5 are all fixed on insulated substrate 7.
From the first battery lead plate (1) and third electrode plate (4), respectively draw a wire, these two wires are as the voltage input end of Electric optical modulation in intra-cavity device.When input voltage cyclical variation, the refractive index of potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal also can periodically change.
In Fig. 2, under dye laser normal operation, the present invention is inserted in laser instrument ring resonator, adjusting its position and angle reappears laser generation, finely tune again the angle of electrooptic modulator, make the reflected light of its logical light end face reach the most weak, then its position is fixed.Due to the light level of approximation polarization of this dye laser, the incident angle of this time at the logical light end face of crystal is Brewster angle., according to geometry designs of the present invention, as shown in Figure 3, at four refractive index interphase places of the present invention, incident angle is all the Brewster angle at this place.For the laser of horizontal polarization, ideally reflectivity equals zero, so design has realized the little object of reflection loss.And at crystals, the light of multiple reflections is spatially separated significantly, destroyed the generation condition of interfering, therefore can there is not etalon effect yet.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for dye laser ring resonator by a kind of electrooptic modulator of the present invention.The pump light that pumping mirror 8 injects outside reflexes in the dyestuff jet flow 9 of gain media.Concave mirror 10 and 11 and level crossing 12,16,18 and 20 together form ring resonator.The single mode running of laser instrument realizes by birefringent filter 14, thin etalon 24 and 15 3 grades of modeling devices of thick etalon.Faraday polarization apparatus 23 has guaranteed the Unidirectional of light field in chamber.It is tuning that Brewster window 22 can make laser instrument realize the cline frequency of about 30GHz scope. Planar cavity mirror 12,16,18 and 20 is bonded at respectively on piezoelectric ceramics 13,17,19 and 21, and these piezoelectric ceramics can be used as the frequency correction device of frequency stabilization system.Electrooptic modulator 25 adopts a kind of electrooptic modulator of the present invention.Wherein piezoelectric ceramics 13,17 and 21 sizes are larger, and responsive bandwidth is about 100Hz, and the dynamic range of frequency adjustment can reach 2GHz, the main slowly drift on a large scale of being responsible for revising laser frequency; Piezoelectric ceramics 19 sizes are less, and responsive bandwidth is about 10kHz, are responsible for the laser frequency noise of intermediate frequency.Frequency noise more than 10kHz relies on a kind of electrooptic modulator 25 of the present invention in chamber to suppress.
The method of compacting frequency noise is: utilize the means of optics and electronics to obtain frequency error signal, deliver to frequency correction device carry out frequency stabilization after error signal is amplified as control voltage.During frequency stabilization, can adopt in two ways, mode is only to use piezoelectric ceramics as a topworks for feedback control loop, controls voltage and is added on piezoelectric ceramics, can change the elongation of piezoelectric ceramics, the chamber that directly changes resonator cavity is long, and then the output light frequency of laser instrument is proofreaied and correct; Another kind of mode is to use piezoelectric ceramics and the present invention jointly as topworks, except piezoelectric ceramics control loop, Ling You controls on mono-tunnel Voltage Feedback to voltage input end of the present invention, change the refractive index of crystal, the optical length of resonator cavity (light path) changes thereupon, and then the output light frequency of laser instrument is proofreaied and correct.Because the responsive bandwidth of electro-optic crystal is higher, can make up piezoelectric ceramics and high frequency noise be suppressed to the deficiency of ability.
Fig. 4 has provided the laser frequency noise spectrum in three kinds of situations.Curve 1 is the frequency noise of laser under free working order, has reflected the frequency noise characteristic that laser instrument is intrinsic; Curve 2 is piezoelectric ceramics frequency noise in the ring after frequency locking during as topworks, when measurement result shows piezoelectric ceramics as topworks, the frequency noise below 10kHz is had to suppression; Curve 3 is piezoelectric ceramics and the present invention frequency noise in the ring after frequency locking during jointly as topworks, compare with the situation shown in curve 2, the present invention can provide higher FEEDBACK CONTROL bandwidth, and wherein the noise within the scope of 100Hz-50kHz has further reduced approximately 4/5.
Claims (1)
1. an electrooptic modulator, is characterized in that, this electrooptic modulator is comprised of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals (2,5), four electrode plate (1,3,4,6) and insulated substrate (7); The first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (2) is rectangular parallelepiped, two logical light end faces are all parallel with Z axis, logical light end face is positioned at Y-Z plane and around Z axis, is rotated counterclockwise 29.33 ° and locates, the upper and lower surface of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (2) is all vertical with Z axis, conducting resinl difference bonding the first battery lead plate (1) and the second battery lead plate (3) for the upper and lower surface of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (2), the edge of the first battery lead plate (1) and the second battery lead plate (3) is than long 1 ~ 3 millimeter of the edge of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (2) rectangular parallelepiped; Shape, size and the structure of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (5) is all identical with the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (2), conducting resinl difference bonding third electrode plate (4) and the 4th battery lead plate (6) for the upper and lower surface of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (5), the edge of third electrode plate (4) and the 4th battery lead plate (6) is than long 1 ~ 3 millimeter of the edge of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (5) rectangular parallelepiped; The first battery lead plate (1) is connected with wire with the 4th battery lead plate (6), and the second battery lead plate (3) is connected with wire with third electrode plate (4); The Z axis of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (2) is contrary with the Z-direction of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (5), the logical light end face angle of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals is 121.34 °, and the position of two potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystals is symmetrical about the angular bisector of the logical light end face angle of these two crystal; The first battery lead plate (1) is 1 ~ 10 millimeter with minor increment and second battery lead plate (3) of third electrode plate (4) with the minor increment of the 4th battery lead plate (6); Second battery lead plate (3) of the first potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (2) is all fixed on insulated substrate (7) with the 4th battery lead plate (6) of the second potassium titanyl oxygenic phosphate(KTP) crystal (5).
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| CN201310669169.1A CN103676218A (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2013-12-11 | Electrooptical modulator |
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| CN201310669169.1A CN103676218A (en) | 2013-12-11 | 2013-12-11 | Electrooptical modulator |
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| WO2019002820A1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2019-01-03 | M Squared Lasers Limited | Electro-optic modulator |
| CN109143641A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2019-01-04 | 成均馆大学校产学协力团 | Optical element |
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| US11799263B2 (en) | 2017-06-29 | 2023-10-24 | M Squared Lasers Limited | Electro-optic modulator |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |