CN103675935A - Design method of multifunctional space gravitational wave detector based on TRIZ - Google Patents

Design method of multifunctional space gravitational wave detector based on TRIZ Download PDF

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CN103675935A
CN103675935A CN201310669322.0A CN201310669322A CN103675935A CN 103675935 A CN103675935 A CN 103675935A CN 201310669322 A CN201310669322 A CN 201310669322A CN 103675935 A CN103675935 A CN 103675935A
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gravitational wave
laser
gravitational
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optical
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吴寿煜
张宇红
吴佳蓬
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Jiangnan University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a design method of a multifunctional space gravitational wave detector based on the TRIZ. Seven inventive principles recommended by the TRIZ serve as technological evolution paths, a ground laser interference gravitational wave detector can be evolved into a multifunctional space gravitational wave detector. The multifunctional space gravitational wave detector comprises devices such as spacecrafts. As shown in the figure, the multifunctional space gravitational wave detector is characterized in that the three spacecrafts form an equilateral triangle constellation with the 103-109km side length, the center of the equilateral triangle constellation moves on the earth orbit, an optical table on each spacecraft and an optical table on the adjacent spacecraft can have interference through coherent light beams generated by lasers, if gravitational waves scan the spacecrafts, the strength of light passing through photodiodes of photodetectors changes, a differentiator and a correlator are used for calculating the relation between the strength of the light and the phase position, and the value of the gravitational waves to be measured is obtained. The multifunctional space gravitational wave detector is characterized in that the low and medium frequency gravitational waves are detected, and a double-star system, large-mass black holes and random background gravitational waves are surveyed.

Description

The method for designing of the multi purpose space gravitational wave based on TRIZ
Technical field
The present invention relates to the precision measurement field that utilizes TRIZ and principle of optical interference to realize, relate in particular to a kind of method for designing of the multi purpose space gravitational wave based on TRIZ.
Background technology
Einstein, when founding general relativity, has foretold the existence of gravitational wave.Use the gravitational radiation theory of general relativity can derive three conclusions about gravitational wave: (1) gravitational wave exists, with light velocity propagation; (2) gravitational wave is shear wave, has two kinds of polarization states; (3) there is not the gravitational radiation of one pole and dipole, as long as three order derivatives of mass of system quadrupole moment are non-vanishing, just have gravitational wave by radiation.Gravitational wave is with energy, thereby can be detected.
Astronomer indirect verification the existence of gravitational wave.1993 Nobel prize for physics winners are Taylor (J.H.Taylor) and Hull these (R.A.Hulse) of the U.S., the reason of winning a prize is discovery and the research of they paired pulses double star PSRl913+16, and this binary pulsar system becomes first indirect observation evidence that has gravitational wave.And then the mankind thirst for direct detection more to gravitational wave, the fundamental purpose of gravitational wave detection is the moving effect that detects gravitational waves
Should, this is not only Direct Test einstein general relativity, the positive evidence that provides gravitational wave to exist, and its larger object is the understanding structure in universe and the new secret of evolutionary process.The gravitational wave detection activity major part of carrying out at present concentrates on utilizes ground laser interference gravitational wave to survey High Frequency Gravitational Waves, and is that the space laser that utilizes that expectation can realize after the year two thousand twenty interferes gravitational wave to survey exploitation and preliminary work that medium and low frequency gravitational wave carries out.
TRIZ is the statistics based on millions upon millions of high-level patents of invention and the innovative approach that extract is the marrow of scientific discovery, technical research and manufacture process, is one of state-of-the-art innovative approach in the world today.The < < printing and distributing in National Development and Reform Committee, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education and the Chinese Technology Association is about strengthening in some suggestion > > of innovative approach work, and TRIZ is as the innovative approach of emphasis popularization.
Human research's gravitational wave 50 years, does not also have direct detection so far to gravitational wave.In relativity, can calculate gravitational wave and pass to solar strain and be about h=3 * 10 -21, the sensitivity of current ground laser interference gravitational wave has reached so precision.The short pulse or the High Frequency Gravitational Waves number of times that in Virgo supergalaxy group scope, occur are less, are the main causes that gravitational wave is not yet detected on ground.1989, US and European scientist planning moved to space gravitational wave detection experiment from ground, wishes to detect medium and low frequency gravitational wave.Space gravitational wave detection plan LISA(Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) be the collaborative project of NASA (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA).LISA launches 3 space probes in the year two thousand twenty later, and forming a length of side is 5 * 10 6the area of the equilateral triangle of km, carries out laser interference range finding, mutually to detect gravitational waves between them.
China's gravitational wave detection plan had been carried out repeatedly planning and discussing, and organized overseas investigation, China's gravitational wave detection scheme of similar LISA structure has been proposed, suggestion China launched by being positioned at the gravitational wave detection that three, equilateral triangle top spacecraft forms and organizes into groups before and after 2030, by laser interference method, carried out the medium and low frequency wave band (10 slightly higher than LISA frequency range -4-1.0Hz) direct detection of gravitational wave, main scientific goal is observation black hole binary and closes and Gravitational Wave Radiation that greatly quality produces than celestial body and while closing, and other universe gravitational wave process.This scheme proposes to cooperate with the LISA plan of European Space Agency.At present, spatial attraction ripple is surveyed in the 2050 space science planning that have been put into Chinese Academy of Sciences's formulation.
Patent exploitation TRIZ of the present invention and principle of optical interference have designed a kind of multi purpose space gravitational wave, wish to detect medium and low frequency gravitational wave etc.
Summary of the invention
Patent of the present invention discloses the evolution of technology route that utilizes TRIZ and principle of optical interference Optical interference device.The method for designing of the multi purpose space gravitational wave based on TRIZ, 7 inventive principle of recommending according to TRIZ are as evolution of technology route, ground laser interference gravitational wave can be evolved into a kind of multi purpose space gravitational wave, it comprises laser instrument (1) spacecraft 1, (2) spacecraft 2, (3) spacecraft 3, (4) on each spacecraft, there are two identical optical tablees, include LASER Light Source, optical beam-splitter, photodetector, optical frames groups etc. form the optical device of interferometer, and a series of electron devices that carry out digital signal processing, wherein there is difference engine, correlator etc., its technical characterictic is, by 3 spacecrafts, forming a length of side is 10 3-10 9the equilateral triangle constellation of km, the center of constellation runs on Earth's orbit, and falls behind 20 ° of the earth, and constellation plane becomes 60 ° of angles with ecliptic plane.The coherent light beam that each spaceborne each optical table can produce by laser instrument with adjacent spaceborne optical table interferes, if while having gravitational wave inswept, act on laser, changed sharp light frequency, interference fringe is moved, the light intensity of the photodiode by photodetector changes, utilize difference engine and correlator to calculate the relation between light intensity and phase place, obtain the variation of phase place, obtain the value of gravitational wave to be measured, finally information is passed to ground receiving station.Its functional character is: the black hole of detection medium and low frequency gravitational wave, research binary-star system, large quality, very big quality detouring and random background gravitational wave than double star.
The technique effect of patent of the present invention: principle is simple and practical, easy to operate, be convenient to scientific research.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, patent of the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is ground laser interference gravitational wave index path.
Fig. 2 is that space laser is interfered gravitational wave index path.
1. laser instruments in Fig. 1; 2. circulation mirror; 3. translucent half reflection glass; 4. phase regulator; 5. catoptron; 6. phase regulator; 7. catoptron; 8. photodiode; 9. difference engine; 10. correlator.
1. spacecrafts 1 in Fig. 2; 2. spacecraft 2; 3. spacecraft 3; 4. the earth; 5. the sun.
Embodiment
Patent of the present invention discloses the evolution of technology route that utilizes TRIZ and principle of optical interference Optical interferometer.It according to high frequency band (10Hz-10kHz), is the most responsive frequency band of laser interferometer detecting gravitational waves on ground; Midband (0.1Hz-10Hz) is galianconism long (10 3-10 5km) the most responsive frequency band of spatial attraction ripple exploring laser light interferometer; Low-frequency band (10 -4hz-10 -1hz) be the laser interference device brachium (10 of survey of deep space gravitational wave 6-10 9km) the most responsive frequency band.We analyze ground laser interference gravitational wave, as shown in Figure 1, find that this instrument system detects the adaptability of medium and low frequency gravitational wave poor, according to 2008TRIZ contradiction matrix table, improve " measuring accuracy " of (improvement) this device to medium and low frequency gravitational wave, must increase " area of moving object " of (deterioration) this device simultaneously.The engineering parameter sequence number of " measuring accuracy " and " area of moving object " is respectively 48 and 5, in 2008 contradiction matrix tables, the inventive principle sequence number of the numeral 10,24,28,3,5,26 of the 48th row and the corresponding matrix element of 5 row infall and 35 for recommending.7 inventive principle of recommending according to TRIZ, as evolution of technology route, can be evolved into ground laser interference gravitational wave a kind of multi purpose space gravitational wave.
Table 1 2008 contradiction matrix tables
Figure 154258DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Inventive principle 10, pre-operation: in advance object is carried out to special arrangement, make it have in time preparation, or in easy-operating position.Need to whole measuring system, carry out special arrangement in advance, if making " area of moving object " that this device worsens saves most, as shown in Figure 2, should launch by being positioned at the gravitational wave detection that three, equilateral triangle top spacecraft forms and organize into groups, it is 10 that 3 detectors form a length of side 3-10 9the equilateral triangle constellation of km, be that angle between every two spacecrafts is 60 °, the center of constellation runs on Earth's orbit, and falls behind 20 ° of the earth, constellation plane becomes 60 ° of angles with ecliptic plane, this design is the impact causing in order to reduce as far as possible terrestrial gravitation.There is in time preparation, when 3 detectors arrive when the gravitational wave detection of day is tested track, in easy-operating position, then use laser interference method direct detection gravitational wave.
Inventive principle 24, intermediary: by central object, transmit or carry out an action.Gravitational wave is surveyed as the intermediary of space gravitational wave, and gravitational wave can be carried out an action and make moving interference fringes.The gravitational wave wave source existing in universe mainly contains two classes: the gravitational wave that isolated celestial body produces and the random gravitational wave of background.Medium and low frequency band gravitational wave signal is the most responsive frequency band of this device.
Inventive principle 28, replace mechanical system: use up, sound, heat, olfactory system replaces mechanical system.The light beam sending at the laser instrument of space probe comes back reflective to produce through the catoptron at space probe to interfere, when gravitational wave arrives, can measure with photodiode the movement of interference fringe.On each spacecraft, there are two identical optical tablees, include the optical device that LASER Light Source, optical beam-splitter, photodetector, optical frames group etc. form interferometer, and a series of electron device that carries out digital signal processing.Because the angle between every two spacecrafts is 60 °, each spaceborne each optical table can interfere with adjacent spaceborne optical table, and the distance that laser is covered this section of spacecraft interval needs a period of time.The alloy cube (75% gold medal and 25% platinum) that is mounted with a conduct " test mass " after each interferometer, one of them surface is polished into smooth level crossing and is used for reflecting laser.If there is the inswept test mass of gravitational wave, the minor alteration of its position can cause interference signal, i.e. the change of laser phase changes the existence that can derive the gravitational wave observing from this phase place.
Inventive principle 3, local quality: the different piece of object realizes different functions.Gravitational wave, as a part of material in cosmic space, has the different function of other part materials.Gravitational wave has extraordinary coherence, utilizes its coherence can improve the detectivity of gravitational wave.In actual design, this measuring accuracy requires the residing environment high of test mass stable, and its position can not be subject to the impact of extraneous optical pressure and solar wind particle; And the interferometer measuration system of this device is also highly sensitive, make the gravitational wave signal really needing be unlikely to be submerged in the ocean of the interference such as laser frequency noise.In addition, this device also needs solution how to tackle the impact that spacecraft moves the Doppler effect that laser frequency is caused, the loss problem of laser long-distance transmission etc.
Inventive principle 5, merging: spatially similar object is linked together, make it complete parallel operation.Spatially, the laser of medium and low frequency gravitational wave and this device has similar coherence, and gravitational wave can produce the photon stream with the disturbance of laser same frequency perpendicular to the direction of propagation of laser, makes it complete parallel operation, i.e. moving interference fringes.This device distance between each spacecraft in actual motion reaches more than millions of kms length and can detect moving interference fringes 10 micromicrons (1 micromicron equals 10 -12rice) above length variations.
Inventive principle 26, copy: by virtual reality technology, can study complication system.Because the interaction of gravitational wave and other materials is very weak, so the gravitational wave producing in early universe has carried the information of early universe.The gravitational wave that this device detects, can copy by virtual reality technology the situation of gravitational wave source, if " the original gravitational wave " that while detecting Big Bang, produce, the situation in the time of can copying Big Bang by virtual reality technology.The fundamental purpose that spatial attraction ripple is surveyed is the moving effect that detects gravitational waves, and this is not only Direct Test einstein general relativity, the positive evidence that provides gravitational wave to exist, and its larger order is the understanding structure in universe and the new secret of evolutionary process.
Inventive principle 35, parameter change: the physical state that changes system.The variation of celestial body in solar system parameter, can change the state of laser in this apparatus system, so this device should be able to be measured the variation of celestial body in solar system parameter, for example, surveys and draws solar system gravitation and distributes.
Above 7 inventive principle of recommending according to TRIZ, ground laser interference gravitational wave is evolved into a kind of multi purpose space gravitational wave, it comprises: (1) spacecraft 1, (2) spacecraft 2, (3) spacecraft 3, (4) on each spacecraft, there are two identical optical tablees, include LASER Light Source, optical beam-splitter, photodetector, optical frames groups etc. form the optical device of interferometer, and a series of electron devices that carry out digital signal processing, wherein there is difference engine, correlator etc., its technical characterictic is, by 3 spacecrafts, forming a length of side is 10 3-10 9the equilateral triangle constellation of km, the center of constellation runs on Earth's orbit, and falls behind 20 ° of the earth, and constellation plane becomes 60 ° of angles with ecliptic plane.The coherent light beam that each spaceborne each optical table can produce by laser instrument with adjacent spaceborne optical table interferes, if while having gravitational wave inswept, act on laser, changed sharp light frequency, interference fringe is moved, the light intensity of the photodiode by photodetector changes, utilize difference engine and correlator to calculate the relation between light intensity and phase place, obtain the variation of phase place, obtain the value of gravitational wave to be measured, finally information is passed to ground receiving station.This device major function has: (l) binary-star system closely: the data stream of this device is mainly derived from the gravitational radiation of binary-star system in the Galactic System.These are not the binary-star systems under ordinary meaning, and this is that cycle that must have due to them is to meet the wave band of this device.Comprised white dwarf and relativistic celestial body, such as neutron star, black hole.This device wishes can solve frequency higher than the thousands of celestial body of this class of 1mHz, perhaps also containing there being black hole binary system.But because it has too many quantity when the low frequency, so that be brought together, form random non-isotropic fuzzy noise background.The signal of most of such system is all intermittent noise, and their frequency is enough high, so enough little of the separation of track, makes their radiation frequency very strong.Extragalactic binary-star system is also to be detected by this device, such as the black hole binary of Andromeda Galaxy.But most double star has all been placed in the fuzzy noise of higher-frequency.Because it is considered to the impact noise level lower than this device, be therefore unworthy us for this reason and the energy of raising laser.(2) black hole of large quality: the history of forming in this class black hole is also not very clear at present, but oneself is through there being ample evidence explanation, it is 1,000 times of solar masses or more black hole that most galaxy contains thousands of quality, and the center of galaxy is likely also the black hole of super large quality.This device have enough sensitivity see quality within the scope of 10,000 to one thousands of times solar masses two black holes and close.Therefore this device also can help us to study some queries, such as the formation in black hole, and massive black hole initial mass spectrum, black hole the complicated phase place of closing.Compare with the radiation of the black hole developing by supercomputer the generation of closing, possible gravitational field the strongest in general relativity can be excavated and detect to this device.(3) greatly quality than detour (the Extreme Mass-Ration Inspiral) of double star: the existence that the massive black hole in the Galactic System can not isolate, they are positioned among the huge nebula in the black hole (10 times of solar masses) that has large scape neutron star and stellar mass.Therefore among these celestial bodies, random meeting makes black hole constantly sink to center, has the black hole of a stellar mass near massive black hole.So little quality black hole is just moved around massive black hole on a very large track, be called the wave source of an isolated burst.So far., the equation of motion in our not clear little quality black hole, to such an extent as to can't construct accurate wave filter.This is this device critical function just also.(4) random background gravitational wave: if the noise that random background causes higher than instrument and fuzzy noise, this device just can detect so.This wherein comprised the vestige of early stage word cosmos under residual such as, the repercussions of big bang, the phase transformation of rising suddenly and sharply.This voice history of listening attentively to universe for us is very helpful.The black hole of detection medium and low frequency gravitational wave, research binary-star system, large quality, very big quality detouring and random background gravitational wave than double star.The technique effect of patent of the present invention is: simple and practical, easy to operate, be convenient to scientific research.

Claims (3)

1. the method for designing of the multi purpose space gravitational wave based on TRIZ, comprise laser instrument (1) spacecraft 1, (2) spacecraft 2, (3) spacecraft 3, (4) on each spacecraft by two identical optical tablees, include LASER Light Source, optical beam-splitter, photodetector, optical frames group etc. and form the optical device of interferometer and a series ofly carry out the electron device of digital signal processing, wherein have difference engine, a correlator etc., its technical characterictic is, by 3 spacecrafts, forming a length of side is 10 3-10 9the equilateral triangle constellation of km, the center of constellation runs on Earth's orbit, and fall behind 20 ° of the earth, constellation plane becomes 60 ° of angles with ecliptic plane, the coherent light beam that each spaceborne each optical table can produce by laser instrument with adjacent spaceborne optical table interferes, if while having gravitational wave inswept, act on laser, changed sharp light frequency, interference fringe is moved, the light intensity of the photodiode by photodetector changes, utilize difference engine and correlator to calculate the relation between light intensity and phase place, obtain the variation of phase place, obtain the value of gravitational wave to be measured, finally information is passed to ground receiving station.
2. a kind of multi purpose space laser interference gravitational wave measurement mechanism as claimed in claim 1, its functional character is: survey the black hole of medium and low frequency gravitational wave, research binary-star system, large quality, very big quality detouring and random background gravitational wave than double star.
3. the method for designing that design relates to TRIZ and principle of optical interference is installed in a use as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: ground laser interference gravitational wave is analyzed that to find that this instrument system detects the adaptability of medium and low frequency gravitational wave poor, according to 2008TRIZ contradiction matrix table, improve " measuring accuracy " of (improvement) this device to medium and low frequency gravitational wave, must increase " area of moving object " of (deterioration) this device simultaneously, the engineering parameter sequence number of " measuring accuracy " and " area of moving object " is respectively 48 and 5, in 2008 contradiction matrix tables, the numeral 10 of the 48th row and the corresponding matrix element of 5 row infall, 24, 28, 3, 5, 26 and the 35 inventive principle sequence numbers for recommendation, 7 inventive principle of recommending according to TRIZ are as evolution of technology route, ground laser interference gravitational wave can be evolved into a kind of space laser and interfere gravitational wave, table 1 2008 contradiction matrix tables
Figure 257138DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Inventive principle 10, pre-operation: in advance object is carried out to special arrangement, make it have in time preparation, or in easy-operating position, need to whole measuring system, carry out special arrangement in advance, if making " area of moving object " that this device worsens saves most, as shown in Figure 2, should launch by being positioned at the gravitational wave detection that three, equilateral triangle top spacecraft forms and organize into groups, it is 10 that 3 detectors form a length of side 3-10 9the equilateral triangle constellation of km, be that angle between every two spacecrafts is 60 °, the center of constellation runs on Earth's orbit, and fall behind 20 ° of the earth, constellation plane becomes 60 ° of angles with ecliptic plane, and this design is the impact causing in order to reduce as far as possible terrestrial gravitation, there is in time preparation, when 3 detectors arrive when the gravitational wave detection of day is tested track, in easy-operating position, then use laser interference method direct detection gravitational wave, inventive principle 24, intermediary: by central object, transmit or carry out an action, gravitational wave is surveyed as the intermediary of space gravitational wave, gravitational wave can be carried out an action and make moving interference fringes, the gravitational wave wave source existing in universe mainly contains two classes: the gravitational wave that isolated celestial body produces and the random gravitational wave of background, and medium and low frequency band gravitational wave signal is the most responsive frequency band of this device, inventive principle 28, replace mechanical system: use up, sound, heat, olfactory system replaces mechanical system, the light beam sending at the laser instrument of space probe comes back reflective to produce through the catoptron at space probe to interfere, when gravitational wave arrives, can measure with photodiode the movement of interference fringe, on each spacecraft, there are two identical optical tablees, include LASER Light Source, optical beam-splitter, photodetector, optical frames groups etc. form the optical device of interferometer, and a series of electron devices that carry out digital signal processing, because the angle between every two spacecrafts is 60 °, each spaceborne each optical table can interfere with adjacent spaceborne optical table, the distance that laser is covered this section of spacecraft interval needs a period of time, after each interferometer, be mounted with the alloy cube (75% gold medal and 25% platinum) of a conduct " test mass ", one of them surface is polished into smooth level crossing and is used for reflecting laser, if there is the inswept test mass of gravitational wave, the minor alteration of its position can cause interference signal, be the change of laser phase, from this phase place, change the existence that can derive the gravitational wave observing, inventive principle 3, local quality: the different piece of object realizes different functions, gravitational wave is as a part of material in cosmic space, there is the different function of other part materials, gravitational wave has extraordinary coherence, utilize its coherence can improve the detectivity of gravitational wave, in actual design, this measuring accuracy requires the residing environment high of test mass stable, and its position can not be subject to the impact of extraneous optical pressure and solar wind particle, and the interferometer measuration system of this device is also highly sensitive, make the gravitational wave signal really needing be unlikely to be submerged in the ocean of the interference such as laser frequency noise, in addition, this device also needs solution how to tackle the impact that spacecraft moves the Doppler effect that laser frequency is caused, the loss problem of laser long-distance transmission, etc., inventive principle 5, merging: spatially similar object is linked together, make it complete parallel operation, 16.spatially, the laser of medium and low frequency gravitational wave and this device has similar coherence, and gravitational wave can produce the photon stream with the disturbance of laser same frequency perpendicular to the direction of propagation of laser, makes it complete parallel operation, i.e. moving interference fringes, this device distance between each spacecraft in actual motion reaches more than millions of kms length and can detect moving interference fringes 10 micromicrons (1 micromicron equals 10 -12rice) above length variations, inventive principle 26, copy: by virtual reality technology, can study complication system, because the interaction of gravitational wave and other materials is very weak, so the gravitational wave producing in early universe has carried the information of early universe, the gravitational wave that this device detects, can copy by virtual reality technology the situation of gravitational wave source, if " the original gravitational wave " that while detecting Big Bang, produce, the situation in the time of can copying Big Bang by virtual reality technology, the fundamental purpose that spatial attraction ripple is surveyed is the moving effect that detects gravitational waves, and this is not only Direct Test einstein general relativity, the positive evidence that provides gravitational wave to exist, and its larger order is the understanding structure in universe and the new secret of evolutionary process, inventive principle 35, parameter change: the physical state that changes system, the variation of celestial body in solar system parameter, can change the state of laser in this apparatus system, so this device should be able to be measured the variation of celestial body in solar system parameter, for example, surveys and draws solar system gravitation and distributes.
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