CN103668071A - Composite zinc alloy film coating process - Google Patents
Composite zinc alloy film coating process Download PDFInfo
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- CN103668071A CN103668071A CN201210352712.0A CN201210352712A CN103668071A CN 103668071 A CN103668071 A CN 103668071A CN 201210352712 A CN201210352712 A CN 201210352712A CN 103668071 A CN103668071 A CN 103668071A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite zinc alloy film coating process, and belongs to the technical field of surface treatment. The process sequentially comprises the steps of substrate surface pre-treatment, surface spraying and curing, vacuum film coating and heat-curable coating spraying and curing, wherein the vacuum film coating step comprises magnetron sputtering nickel plating, magnetron sputtering-ion plating mixed nickel-chromium plating and cathodic arc ion chromium-plating. According to the process, a heavy polishing procedure is eliminated, the process flow is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of a worker is reduced; in addition, a magnetron sputtering-ion plating mixed film coating technology is adopted, and an obtained product is high in film layer density and highly metallic; moreover, a metal layer and a metal mixed coating are prepared in the same vacuum furnace, so that the process is easy to operate, high bonding force of a film layer is ensured, and the quality of the product is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of zinc alloy composite technique for vacuum coating, belong to material surface technical field.
Background technology
Zinc alloy, with its good characteristic, is widely used in all respects such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, building, mechanical means, bridge, vehicle, boats and ships, household implements, electronics, is playing the part of important role in Chinese national economy.Along with the development of zinc alloy application, its process for treating surface, also correspondingly in rapid growth period, makes the requirement of aluminium alloy, zinc alloy surface treatment technology also more and more higher.For many years, it is ripe that the production technology of common electroplating zinc alloy has become, has very high surface quality, have good ornamental, wear resistance, erosion resistance.
At present the electroplating technology of zinc alloy is that wet method is electroplated: blank-check-oil removing-cleanings-paraffin removal-secondary cleaning-dry-arrangement-fill suspension member-cleaning-caustic corrosion-secondary cleaning-acid corrosion-secondary cleaning-soak ternary coating layer-strip coating-secondary cleaning-soak again ternary coating layer-secondary cleaning-(plating alkaline libation at an ancient wedding ceremony copper) or the dark nickel-recovery-secondary cleaning-acid activation-cleaning-acid bright copper plating-cleaning-pickling of preplating activation-bright nickel plating-cleaning-activation-chromium plating-recovery-secondary cleaning-tear open hanger-cleaning-be dried-test package.This electricity of wet process depositing process
There is many unsurmountable problems:
(1) in electroplating effluent, contain a certain amount of hazardous and noxious substances, especially prussiate and sexavalent chrome, need to carry out three wastes processing, its complex disposal process, processing cost is high, and still can not stop completely environmental pollution;
(2) using ternary coating layer is that " copper/nickel/chromium " layer need to consume the noble metals such as a large amount of copper, nickel, chromium; (3) energy consumption is large, complex process, and production efficiency is low, and cost is high;
(4) working condition is poor, to workman is healthy, has a certain impact.
Therefore, the electroplating technology of existing zinc alloy can not meet environment, energy-conservation, and the demand of the factors such as water saving is badly in need of a kind of both environmental protection of exploitation, and use properties is good, have again energy-conservation, water saving, material-saving, simplification of flowsheet, the new method for producing of enhancing productivity.
Vacuum plating is a kind of Novel clean production method, it is in airtight vacuum oven, by methods such as evaporation, sputter, multi-arc ion plating films, metal, compound or other Coating Materials are deposited to substrate surface, form the processing technology of one or more layers film.As protected decoration coating; zinc alloy is passive state in atmospheric environment; so traditional ferrous metal surface treatment technology is not good at its surperficial sticking power; the protection effect that is difficult to reach satisfied before vacuum plating after; conventionally to carry out primary coat and face painting with organic coating, form the composite deposite of " organic coating/vacuum-coating/organic coating ".
Aluminize with magnetron sputtering, urethane acrylate photo-cured coating spraying and curing schedule, the present invention is with respect to existing plated item, simplify technical process, improved production efficiency, reduced the pollution to environment, energy-conservation, economize on water and improved labor condition, but because chromium plating has porousness, make vacuum chromium-coated often solidity to corrosion poor, and the combination when aluminizing is bad, thereby affect end article quality, and the loaded down with trivial details operations such as grinding of the present invention's needs, under production efficiency is relatively low.
The present invention further improves and optimizates on the basis of foregoing invention, and it is simpler that object is to provide a kind of operation, the composite vacuum plating method that is applicable to zinc alloy that cost is low, rete plating is good, compactness is high.
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs: a kind of composite vacuum plating method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps successively:
(1) substrate surface is carried out to pre-treatment: after base material throwing is flat with silicon carbide, use degreaser at 50 ℃, 70 ℃, substrate surface is carried out to oil removing, then water cleans up post-drying;
(2) surface spraying and curing: adopt electrostatic spraying by the workpiece spray end powder through pre-treatment, then remove tangerine peel, spray medium paint, curing 20-30min post-drying at 180 ℃ of-220 ℃ of temperature;
(3) vacuum plating: in having the vacuum apparatus of vacuum cathode arc ion plating and two kinds of plated film modes of magnetron sputtering concurrently, adopt first magnetron sputtering nickel plating, then magnetic controlled sputtering ion plating mixing nickel plating chromium, finally use cathodic arc ion plating chromium;
(4) heat curing coating spraying and curing: first electrostatic precipitation, adopt air spray finishing spraying, then within the scope of 150 ℃, 170 ℃, solidify 20-30min, finally dry.
Electrostatic spraying in above-mentioned steps (2) connects high voltage negative at gun head, is coated with aluminum alloy base material ground connection for anodal, applies high voltage direct current between aluminum alloy base material and spray gun electrode, forms powerful electrostatic field.Powder particulate suffered electrical forces in the end is directly proportional to the voltage of electrostatic field and the carried charge of paint particles, and and the distance between spray gun and workpiece be inversely proportional to, when voltage is enough high, spray gun end near zone forms ionization of air district, air is ionization and heating intensely, make spray gun end sharp edge or utmost point pin form a bolarious haloing around, can obviously see in the dark, this is that air produces strong corona discharge.End powder sprays after nozzle atomization, during the edge of the utmost point pin of the particulate being atomized by muzzle or spray dish, spray cup because contact is charged, when through corona discharge, produce gas ionization zone time, will increase again its surface charge density.Under the electrostatic field of the particulate that these are electronegative, to substrate surface motion, and be deposited on substrate surface and form and film uniformly.
As of the present invention preferred, described base material is aluminium alloy or zinc alloy.
As of the present invention preferred, described degreaser is comprised of an alkali metal salt and/or alkali metal base and tensio-active agent, further, described degreaser is comprised of an alkali metal salt, alkali metal base and tensio-active agent, wherein an alkali metal salt is 30-60g/L, alkali metal base is 1-2g/L, and tensio-active agent is 1-2g/L.This degreaser can effectively be removed the greasy dirt of substrate surface, for next step surface spraying and curing ready, is conducive to adhering to of surface sprays.
As of the present invention preferred, an alkali metal salt in described step (1) is Na
2cO
3, K
2cO
3, Na
3pO
4, K
3pO
4in one or more; Tensio-active agent is sodium lauryl sulphate and/or fatty diglycollic amide, can effectively remove the greasy dirt of substrate surface.
As of the present invention preferred, end powder in described step (2) is polyester powder and epoxy resin Copolymer Emulsion Coating, adopt resistant to elevated temperatures polyester powder and epoxy resin Copolymer Emulsion Coating as end powder, coating easily reclaims, pollutes little, it is combined firmly with aluminium alloy or zinc alloy base material, and is conducive to composite evacuated plated film.
Above-mentioned steps of the present invention (2) is specially: base material is hung on the work rest of vacuum apparatus, and to control work rest be 150mm with the distance that vacuumizes target, 200mm, vacuumize, when vacuum tightness reaches after 6.0 * 10-3Pa, open throttling valve, work rest rotates with the speed of 3r/min-6r/min, then be filled with working gas argon gas, make vacuum tightness maintain 0.15Pa-0.25Pa, then opening magnetron sputtering power supply is 450V at voltage, 550V, electric current is 20A, under 30A, 1 of target number, nickel plating Imin-2min, open again arc ions power supply, control voltage is 15V-25V, electric current is 60A-80A, 6 of target numbers, chromium plating 3min-5min, then close magnetron sputtering power supply, allow arc ions chromium plating 1min-2min.
Chromium is a kind of metal with silvery white gloss, nontoxic, chemical property is very stable, there is ductility, hard and crisp when impure, it is one of important strategic materials, owing to having the characteristics such as matter is hard, wear-resisting, high temperature resistant, anticorrosive, in metallurgical industry, refractory materials and chemical industry, is widely used.Vacuum chromium-coated layer is a kind of better protection one decorative coating, and the present invention selects composite evacuated plated film, and rete plating is good.We select first magnetron sputtering nickel plating, and itself and end powder have good combination, then magnetic controlled sputtering ion plating mixing nickel plating chromium, finally use cathodic arc ion plating chromium, can obtain and have good metalluster and the better coating of compactness.
As of the present invention preferred, described composite evacuated coatings thickness is 0.2 μ m-1.0 μ m.Air spray finishing spray pressure in described step (4) is 0.2MPa-0.5MPa, and coating thickness is 10 μ m-15 μ m.Aerial spraying is in the construction of current oil paint coating, to adopt to obtain more a kind of covering with paint technique.It is to utilize compressed-air actuated air-flow, flows through spray tip hole and forms negative pressure, and negative pressure makes paint vehicle suck from suction pipe, through nozzle ejection, forms coating cloud, and coating cloud spray body is formed uniform paint film to covering with paint, lacquer, colour wash, etc. on component surface.Aerial spraying can produce uniform paint, and coating is moist; More hidden parts (as gap, concavo-convex) for component, also can spray equably.
Acrylate one isocyanic ester heat curing coating spraying and curing: first electrostatic precipitation, then adopt air spray finishing spraying workpiece, and pressure is 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, and nozzle diameter is 1.0mm, 1.5mm, and coating thickness is 10 μ m-15 μ m.Solidification value is 150 ℃-170 ℃, and the time is 20-30min, dries.
In sum, the present invention compared with prior art, has following outstanding advantages and beneficial effect:
1, adopt magnetic controlled sputtering ion plating the admixture plates the film technology, obtained rete density high, surface brilliant white, metal sense is strong, there is good physicals and stable chemical property, its performance is better than traditional Electroplating Aluminum alloy/Zinc-alloy, owing to adopting the plating of vacuum dry method to replace traditional wet method, electroplate, the metal level on surface deposits by the method for vacuum plating, avoided the appearance of the toxic metal materials such as sexavalent chrome, reduce the pollution to environment, significantly reduced the consumption of energy consumption, water consumption and noble metal.
2, the present invention, due to the levelling effect of paint, has saved heavy polishing process, greatly reduces cost, has simplified technique, has improved production efficiency, has alleviated workman's labour intensity.
3, because the preparation of metal level and metal mixed coating is carried out in same vacuum oven, easy handling has been avoided extra operation simultaneously, has guaranteed the bonding force that rete is good, has improved the quality of product.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A composite vacuum plating method, the aluminum alloy sheet that the product size of take is long 120mm * wide 80mm * thick 8mm is described as follows as example:
(1) pre-treatment is carried out in the surface of aluminum alloy sheet: adopt cloth wheel upper apply carpenter's glue dip 280# silicon carbide by aluminium flake substantially throw flat after, use degreaser to carry out oil removing, degreaser can be an alkali metal salt, tensio-active agent, also can be alkali metal base and tensio-active agent, can also be an alkali metal salt, alkali metal base and tensio-active agent, it be Na that the present embodiment is used an alkali metal salt, alkali metal base and tensio-active agent
2cO
3: 30glL, Na
3pO
4: 30glL, NaOH:1glL, surperficial sodium lauryl sulphate: 1g/L, at 70 ℃, after oil removing, water cleans up again, finally dries;
(2) surface spraying and curing: adopt electrostatic spraying that the workpiece spray polyester powder through pre-treatment and epoxy resin are total to coating as end powder), thickness is 60 μ m, removes tangerine peel, sprays medium paint, solidifies 20min post-drying under 180 ℃ of solidification values;
(3) composite evacuated plated film: in having the vacuum apparatus of vacuum cathode arc ion plating and two kinds of plated film modes of magnetron sputtering concurrently, adopt first magnetron sputtering nickel plating, then magnetic controlled sputtering ion plating mixing nickel plating chromium, finally use cathodic arc ion plating chromium; Concrete step is:
Aluminum alloy sheet is hung in vacuum oven, and target/cardinal distance is 150mm;
Forvacuum, when vacuum tightness reaches after 6.0 * 10-3Pa, throttling valve leaves, and work rest rotates with the speed of 6r/min, be filled with working gas argon gas, vacuum tightness is maintained to 0.15Pa, first open magnetron sputtering power supply, voltage is 500V, electric current is 30A, 1 of target number, and target is nickel target, the plated film time is 2min, then opens arc ions power supply, and voltage is 15V, electric current is 60A, 6 of target numbers, and target is chromium target, the plated film time is 5min, then closes magnetron sputtering power supply, allows arc ions chromium plating Imin.After plated film completes, thickness of coating is 0.2 μ m;
(4) acrylate one isocyanic ester heat curing coating spraying and curing: first electrostatic precipitation, then adopt air spray finishing spraying workpiece, pressure is 0.2MPa, nozzle diameter is 1.0mm, and coating thickness is 10 μ m, and solidification value is 150 ℃, time is 20min, dries.
After above-mentioned surface treatment, the salient features of aluminum alloy sheet coating is as follows:
(1) color and luster: brilliant white;
(2) hardness: 1H;
(3) sticking power (hundred lattice): 100%;
(4) salt fog resistance (CASS experiment): >=120h;
(5) resistance toheat: 170 ℃ of 12h, coating is without coming off, without height:
(6) temp. variation resistant performance: 85 ℃/1h--20 ℃ 130min is a circulation, after 4 circulations, coating is without coming off, without height.
Embodiment 2
A composite vacuum plating method, the zinc alloy sheet that the product size of take is long 100mm * wide 60mm * thick 6mm is described as follows as example:
(1) pre-treatment is carried out in the surface of zinc alloy sheet: method is identical with embodiment 1, difference is that the degreaser using is K
2cO
3: 30g/L, K
3pO
4: 30g/L, KOH:1g/L, fatty diglycollic amide: 2g/L, oil removing at 50 ℃;
(2) surface spraying and curing: difference from Example 1 is that solidification value is 220 ℃, and be 30min set time;
(3) composite evacuated plated film: zinc alloy sheet is hung in vacuum oven, target/cardinal distance is 200mm, forvacuum, when vacuum tightness reaches after 6.0 * 10-3Pa, throttling valve leaves, work rest rotates with the speed of 3r/min, be filled with working gas argon gas, vacuum tightness is maintained to 0.25Pa, first open magnetron sputtering power supply, voltage is 450V, electric current is 20A, 1 of target number, target is nickel target, the plated film time is Imin, open again arc ions power supply, voltage is 25V, electric current is 60A, 6 of target numbers, target is chromium target, the plated film time is 3min, then close magnetron sputtering power supply, allow arc ions chromium plating 2min.After plated film completes, thickness of coating is 1.0 μ m;
(4) acrylate one isocyanic ester heat curing coating spraying and curing: first electrostatic precipitation, then adopt air spray finishing spraying workpiece, and pressure is 0.5MPa, and coating thickness is 15 μ m, and solidification value is 170 ℃, and the time is 30min, dries.
After above-mentioned surface treatment, the salient features of zinc alloy sheet coating is as follows:
(1) color and luster: brilliant white;
(2) hardness: 2H;
(3) sticking power (hundred lattice): 100%;
(4) salt fog resistance (CASS experiment): >=240h;
(5) resistance toheat: 170 ℃ of 12h, coating is without coming off, without height:
(6) temp. variation resistant performance: 85 ℃/1h--20 ℃ 130min is a circulation, after 5 circulations, coating is without coming off, without height.
Embodiment 3
A kind of composite vacuum plating method, the aluminum alloy sheet that the product size of take is long 100mm * wide 60mm * thick 6mm is example, in the present embodiment surface spraying and solidify, composite evacuated plated film, heat curing coating spraying and curing schedule be with embodiment 1, it is Na that aluminum alloy sheet substrate surface is carried out to degreaser in pre-treatment step
2cO
3: 50glL, sodium lauryl sulphate: 1glL fatty diglycollic amide: 1g/L, oil removing at 60 ℃.
After above-mentioned surface treatment, the salient features of aluminum alloy sheet coating is as follows:
(1) color and luster: brilliant white;
(2) hardness: 1H:
(3) sticking power (hundred lattice): 100%;
(4) salt fog resistance (CASS experiment): >=120h;
(5) resistance toheat: 170 ℃ of 12h, coating is without coming off, without height:
(6) temp. variation resistant performance: 85 ℃/1h--20 ℃/30min is a circulation, after 4 circulations, coating is without coming off, without height.
Claims (10)
1. a composite vacuum plating method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps successively:
(1) substrate surface is carried out to pre-treatment: after base material throwing is flat with silicon carbide, use degreaser at 50 ℃, 70 ℃, substrate surface is carried out to oil removing, then water cleans up post-drying;
(2) surface spraying and curing: adopt electrostatic spraying by the workpiece spray end powder through pre-treatment, then remove tangerine peel, spray medium paint, curing 20-30min post-drying at 180 ℃, 220 ℃ temperature;
(3) vacuum plating: in having the vacuum apparatus of vacuum cathode arc ion plating and two kinds of plated film modes of magnetron sputtering concurrently, adopt first magnetron sputtering nickel plating, then magnetic controlled sputtering ion plating mixing nickel plating chromium, finally use cathodic arc ion plating chromium;
(4) heat curing coating spraying and curing: first electrostatic precipitation, adopt air spray finishing spraying heat curing coating, then within the scope of 150 ℃, 170 ℃, solidify 20-30min, finally dry.
2. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described base material is aluminium alloy or zinc alloy.
3. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described degreaser is comprised of an alkali metal salt or alkali metal base and tensio-active agent.
4. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: an alkali metal salt in described step (1) is one or more in Na2CO3, K2CO3, Na3PO4, K3PO4; Tensio-active agent is sodium lauryl sulphate or lipid acid di-alcohol acyl.
5. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the end powder in described step (2) is polyester powder and epoxy resin Copolymer Emulsion Coating.
6. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step is specially in (2): base material is hung on the work rest of vacuum apparatus, and to control work rest be 150mm with the distance that vacuumizes target, 200mm, vacuumize, when vacuum tightness reaches after 6.0 * 10-3Pa, open throttling valve, work rest rotates with the speed of 3r/min-6r/min, then be filled with working gas argon gas, make vacuum tightness maintain 0.15Pa, 0.25Pa, then opening magnetron sputtering power supply is 450V-550V at voltage, electric current is under 20A-30A, 1 of target number, nickel plating 1min-2min, open again arc ions power supply, control voltage is 15V, 25V, electric current is 60A-80A, 6 of target numbers, chromium plating 3min-5min, then close magnetron sputtering power supply, allow arc ions chromium plating 1min-2min.
7. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described composite evacuated coatings thickness is 0.2 μ m-1.0 μ m.
8. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the air spray finishing spray pressure in described step (4) is 0.2MPa, 0.5MPa, and coating thickness is 10 μ m-15 μ m.
9. according to a kind of composite vacuum plating method described in claim 1 or 8, it is characterized in that: described heat curing coating is acrylate one isocyanate coatings.
10. a kind of composite vacuum plating method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described degreaser is comprised of an alkali metal salt, alkali metal base and tensio-active agent, wherein an alkali metal salt is 30-60g/L, and alkali metal base is 1-2g/L, and tensio-active agent is 1-2g/L.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210352712.0A CN103668071A (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | Composite zinc alloy film coating process |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210352712.0A CN103668071A (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2012-09-21 | Composite zinc alloy film coating process |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107460442A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-12 | 杭州泛亚卫浴股份有限公司 | A kind of environmental protection and energy saving surface treatment method |
| CN110144559A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-20 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | A kind of metal surface protection layer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111809151A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-23 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Coating process for brass and zinc alloy base material |
| CN111826615A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-27 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Method for coating brass or zinc alloy substrate |
| US11072853B2 (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2021-07-27 | Citic Dicastal Co., Ltd | High-ductility periodic variable alloy protective film and forming method thereof |
| CN113604782A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-05 | 江苏杰邦电子科技有限公司 | Automatic vacuum coating process for notebook computer shell |
-
2012
- 2012-09-21 CN CN201210352712.0A patent/CN103668071A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107460442A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-12 | 杭州泛亚卫浴股份有限公司 | A kind of environmental protection and energy saving surface treatment method |
| US11072853B2 (en) | 2018-03-21 | 2021-07-27 | Citic Dicastal Co., Ltd | High-ductility periodic variable alloy protective film and forming method thereof |
| CN110144559A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-20 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | A kind of metal surface protection layer and preparation method thereof |
| CN111809151A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-23 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Coating process for brass and zinc alloy base material |
| CN111826615A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-27 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Method for coating brass or zinc alloy substrate |
| CN113604782A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-05 | 江苏杰邦电子科技有限公司 | Automatic vacuum coating process for notebook computer shell |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |