CN103667881B - Method for producing high-magnetic-induction oriented silicon steel - Google Patents
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- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种硅钢的生产方法，具体的说是一种高磁感取向硅向的生产方法。The invention relates to a production method of silicon steel, in particular to a production method of high magnetic induction orientation silicon orientation.
背景技术Background technique
高磁感取向硅钢先天抑制剂法由于以MnS、AlN作为重要抑制剂，抑制力强，具有成品磁感高的特点。MnS固溶温度高，传统加热炉中要使铸坯心部温度达到MnS固溶温度，其铸坯表面温度一般要达到1380℃左右，对应炉温要求达到1400℃左右；同时，要使MnS能充分、均匀地固溶，还需要长时间保温。由于加热温度高、高温保温时间长，使用煤气等火焰方式加热，其铸坯表面氧化严重，成材率低。The high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel inherent inhibitor method uses MnS and AlN as important inhibitors, which has strong inhibitory power and has the characteristics of high magnetic induction of the finished product. The solid solution temperature of MnS is high. In the traditional heating furnace, in order to make the core temperature of the billet reach the solid solution temperature of MnS, the surface temperature of the billet generally needs to reach about 1380 °C, and the corresponding furnace temperature is required to reach about 1400 °C; at the same time, the MnS must be able to Sufficient and uniform solid solution also requires long-term heat preservation. Due to the high heating temperature, long holding time at high temperature, and the use of flame heating methods such as gas, the surface of the slab is severely oxidized and the yield is low.
采用电磁感应原理对板坯进行加热，其升温速度高，板坯内外温度差小；与常规火焰加热炉相比，能大幅缩短总在炉时间和高温段时间，从而大幅改善热轧板表面质量。但是，采用电磁感应加热板坯生产的高磁感取向钢时，由于其板坯炉床侧温度不均匀，长期以来，存在成品单边磁性不良、磁性合格率不稳定的现象。Using the principle of electromagnetic induction to heat the slab, the heating rate is high, and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the slab is small; compared with the conventional flame heating furnace, it can greatly shorten the total time in the furnace and the time in the high temperature section, thereby greatly improving the surface quality of the hot-rolled plate . However, when using electromagnetic induction to heat the slab to produce high magnetic induction oriented steel, due to the uneven temperature on the hearth side of the slab, there has been a phenomenon of poor magnetic properties on one side of the finished product and unstable magnetic pass rate for a long time.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决上述技术问题，提供一种高磁感取向硅向的生产方法，能有效改善因采用电磁感应加热炉加热板坯存在的单边磁性不良问题，具有工艺简单、操作简便、能有效改善磁性均匀性、大幅提高成品磁性合格率，提高整体的平均磁感值。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a production method of high magnetic induction orientation silicon orientation, which can effectively improve the problem of bad unilateral magnetic properties due to the use of electromagnetic induction heating furnace to heat the slab, and has the advantages of simple process and easy operation , It can effectively improve the magnetic uniformity, greatly increase the magnetic pass rate of finished products, and increase the overall average magnetic induction value.
本发明方法包括将连铸坯经预轧、电磁感应加热炉加热、粗轧、精轧、常化、冷轧、脱碳退火、高温退火和拉伸平整退火得到高磁感取向硅钢，其中，The method of the present invention comprises pre-rolling the continuous casting slab, heating in an electromagnetic induction heating furnace, rough rolling, finish rolling, normalization, cold rolling, decarburization annealing, high temperature annealing and stretching and tempering annealing to obtain high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel, wherein,
所述电磁感应加热炉加热步骤中，在电磁感应加热炉内，预轧后板坯炉床侧所对应的感应加热线圈的输出功率较板坯其它部位所对应的感应加热线圈的输出功率高5-30%，控制板坯炉床侧温度为1390℃～1410℃。In the electromagnetic induction heating furnace heating step, in the electromagnetic induction heating furnace, the output power of the induction heating coil corresponding to the hearth side of the slab after pre-rolling is 5 times higher than the output power of the induction heating coil corresponding to other parts of the slab. -30%, control the temperature of the slab hearth side at 1390°C to 1410°C.
在粗轧步骤中，对粗轧后板坯的炉床侧进行单边加热，加热时间为2～10秒，使板坯的炉床侧加热至1200℃～1250℃；In the rough rolling step, the hearth side of the rough-rolled slab is unilaterally heated for 2 to 10 seconds, and the hearth side of the slab is heated to 1200°C to 1250°C;
所述常化步骤中，采用三段式常化退火工艺，先将热轧板加热1100～1150℃，保温12～60秒；然后降温至860℃，再次升温至880℃～900℃，保温1-2分钟；最后在920～930℃，加热1～2分钟。In the normalizing step, a three-stage normalizing annealing process is adopted, first heating the hot-rolled plate to 1100-1150°C, and keeping it warm for 12-60 seconds; -2 minutes; Finally, heat at 920-930°C for 1-2 minutes.
所述电磁感加热炉加热步骤中，控制出炉板坯的炉床侧与板坯中间温度差不大于10℃。In the heating step of the electromagnetic induction heating furnace, the temperature difference between the hearth side of the slab and the middle of the slab is controlled to be no more than 10°C.
所述预轧步骤中，连铸坯经燃气炉低温预热后再进行预轧，控制预热温度为1180℃～1250℃，预轧的下压率为10-30%，侧压量为80-150mm。In the pre-rolling step, the continuous casting slab is pre-rolled after low-temperature preheating in a gas furnace, and the pre-heating temperature is controlled at 1180°C to 1250°C, the pre-rolling reduction rate is 10-30%, and the side pressure is 80% -150mm.
所述粗轧的终轧温度为1170℃～1210℃，所述精轧终轧温度为950℃～1050℃，精轧后板厚2.0～2.3mm。The finish rolling temperature of the rough rolling is 1170°C-1210°C, the finish rolling temperature is 950°C-1050°C, and the plate thickness after finish rolling is 2.0-2.3mm.
将常化后的钢板冷却至50～80℃后进行冷轧，采用非对称的快速水冷，冷却水温控制在40～60℃，板坯的炉床侧冷却速度为40～70℃/S，较其它部位冷却速度慢5～10℃/S。The normalized steel plate is cooled to 50-80°C and then cold-rolled, using asymmetric rapid water cooling, the cooling water temperature is controlled at 40-60°C, and the cooling rate of the hearth side of the slab is 40-70°C/S, which is relatively The cooling speed of other parts is 5-10°C/S slower.
连铸坯经燃气炉低温预热后再进行预轧，施加10-30%的压下率，同时施加100mm以上的侧压量，在入电磁炉前破碎板坯边部及角部的柱状晶，减少热轧过程中的边裂发生，这样，经电磁感应加炉加热后，板坯表层及角部柱状晶不会过于发达，减少成品线状细晶，提高成品的磁性均匀性和稳定性；侧压量的控制，有利于显著改善边部的磁性。The continuous casting slab is pre-rolled after being preheated at a low temperature in a gas furnace, and a reduction rate of 10-30% is applied. At the same time, a lateral pressure of more than 100mm is applied to break the columnar crystals at the edge and corner of the slab before entering the induction furnace. Reduce the occurrence of edge cracks in the hot rolling process, so that after heating by electromagnetic induction furnace, the columnar crystals on the surface and corners of the slab will not be too developed, reduce the linear fine grains of the finished product, and improve the magnetic uniformity and stability of the finished product; The control of the side pressure is beneficial to significantly improve the magnetic properties of the edge.
进一步的，发明人发现板坯在磁感应加热炉内时，被放置于炉床上的耐热金属垫块上，而炉床装有循环水冷却装置，从而导致接触板坯炉床侧的温度较其余部位偏低、对应部位的成品磁性稳定性差，磁性不均匀。对于上述问题，发明人通过增加电磁感应加热炉内板坯炉床侧所对应的感应加热线圈的输出功率，使其较板坯其它部位所对应的感应加热线圈的输出功率增加5～30%，以解决板坯炉床侧温度较低的问题，同时控制板坯的炉床侧温度为1390～1410℃，避免板坯表面氧化；确保出炉时，板坯炉床侧与板坯中部的温度差不大于10℃，以避免边部裂纹和磁性恶化现象的发生。Furthermore, the inventors found that when the slab is in the magnetic induction heating furnace, it is placed on the heat-resistant metal pad on the hearth, and the hearth is equipped with a circulating water cooling device, which results in a lower temperature on the hearth side contacting the slab than the rest The position is low, and the magnetic stability of the finished product at the corresponding position is poor, and the magnetic properties are uneven. For the above problems, the inventor increased the output power of the induction heating coil corresponding to the hearth side of the slab in the electromagnetic induction heating furnace to increase the output power of the induction heating coil corresponding to other parts of the slab by 5-30%. To solve the problem of low temperature on the hearth side of the slab, at the same time control the temperature on the hearth side of the slab to 1390-1410°C to avoid oxidation on the surface of the slab; ensure the temperature difference between the hearth side of the slab and the middle of the slab when it comes out of the furnace Not more than 10°C to avoid edge cracks and magnetic deterioration.
进一步的，发明人在粗轧后，还对板坯炉床侧的边部进行单边加热，使该部温度达1200～1250℃，这样做的目的是为了减少边部与中部的温度差、从而提高板坯横向的磁性均匀性；粗轧终轧温度1170℃～1210℃，精轧终轧温度控制在950～1050℃，精轧完成后再快冷至520℃-550℃，板厚控制在2.0mm-2.3mm，控制MnS均匀细小的大量析出，同时避免AlN的大量析出。Further, after the rough rolling, the inventor also unilaterally heated the side of the slab hearth to make the temperature of this part reach 1200-1250°C. The purpose of doing this is to reduce the temperature difference between the side and the middle, In order to improve the magnetic uniformity of the transverse direction of the slab; the finishing rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1170 ℃ ~ 1210 ℃, and the finishing rolling temperature of finishing rolling is controlled at 950 ~ 1050 ℃. In the range of 2.0mm-2.3mm, a large amount of uniform and fine precipitation of MnS is controlled, while a large amount of precipitation of AlN is avoided.
所述常化为三段式常化退火工艺，其目的是为了提高磁性合格率，改善磁性的均匀性，常化后的冷却采用非对称的快速水冷，冷却水温控制在40～60℃；板坯的炉床侧冷却速度为40～70℃/S，较其它部位冷却速度慢5～10℃/S。以提高AlN析出的稳定性。The normalization is a three-stage normalization annealing process, the purpose of which is to increase the magnetic qualification rate and improve the uniformity of the magnetic properties. The cooling after normalization adopts asymmetrical rapid water cooling, and the cooling water temperature is controlled at 40-60 °C; The cooling rate of the hearth side of the billet is 40-70°C/S, which is 5-10°C/S slower than that of other parts. To improve the stability of AlN precipitation.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明工艺简单，针对单侧磁性不良导致的成品磁性合格率低的问题，通过对工艺的改进，提高板坯的磁性均匀性，大幅降低因单侧磁性不良导致的成品磁性合格率，提高整体的平均磁感值。The process of the invention is simple, aiming at the problem of low magnetic pass rate of finished products caused by unilateral magnetic defect, by improving the process, the magnetic uniformity of the slab is improved, the magnetic pass rate of finished products caused by unilateral magnetic defect is greatly reduced, and the overall The average magnetic induction value.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例：Example:
将连铸坯经燃气炉低温预热后再预轧、电磁感应加热炉加热、粗轧、精轧、常化、冷轧、脱碳退火、高温退火和拉伸平整退火得到高磁感取向硅钢，The continuous casting slab is preheated by gas furnace at low temperature, then pre-rolled, electromagnetic induction heating furnace, rough rolling, finish rolling, normalization, cold rolling, decarburization annealing, high temperature annealing and stretching and tempering annealing to obtain high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel ,
其中，in,
1.燃气炉低温预热：将连铸坯送入燃气炉低温预热至1180～1250℃.1. Low-temperature preheating of gas furnace: send the continuous casting slab into the gas furnace for low-temperature preheating to 1180-1250°C.
2.预轧：将预热后的连铸坯进行1-3道预轧，控制预轧的下压率为10-30%，侧压量为80-150mm。2. Pre-rolling: The preheated continuous casting slab is subjected to 1-3 pre-rolling, the pre-rolling rate is controlled to 10-30%, and the side pressure is 80-150mm.
3.电磁感应加热炉加热：将预轧后的板坯送入电磁感应加热炉进行加热，控制炉温为1400℃，使板坯的炉床侧所对应的感应加热线圈的输出功率为1000～1500kw,较板坯其它部位所对应的感应加热线圈的输出功率高5-30%，控制板坯炉床侧温度为1390～1410℃，使出炉板坯的炉床侧与板坯中间温度差不大于10℃。3. Electromagnetic induction heating furnace heating: send the pre-rolled slab into the electromagnetic induction heating furnace for heating, control the furnace temperature to 1400°C, and make the output power of the induction heating coil corresponding to the hearth side of the slab be 1000~ 1500kw, which is 5-30% higher than the output power of the induction heating coil corresponding to other parts of the slab, and the temperature of the hearth side of the slab is controlled at 1390-1410°C, so that the temperature difference between the hearth side of the slab and the middle of the slab is the same Greater than 10°C.
4.粗轧、精轧：对出炉后的板坯进行5-7道粗轧，再经7道次精轧，快速冷却至550℃，得到2.0-2.3mm的热轧板。其中，对粗轧后板坯的炉床侧进行单边加热后再精轧，加热时间为2～10秒,加热温度为1200～1250℃，使板坯的炉床侧的温度在精轧入口处达到1200～1250℃，所述粗轧的终轧温度为1170℃～1210℃，所述精轧终轧温度为950℃～1050℃，精轧后板厚2.0～2.3mm。4. Rough rolling and finish rolling: 5-7 passes of rough rolling are carried out on the slab after it comes out of the furnace, and then 7 passes of finish rolling, and it is rapidly cooled to 550°C to obtain a hot-rolled sheet of 2.0-2.3 mm. Wherein, the hearth side of the rough-rolled slab is unilaterally heated and then finish-rolled, the heating time is 2 to 10 seconds, and the heating temperature is 1200-1250°C, so that the temperature of the hearth side of the slab is at the entrance of the finish rolling temperature reaches 1200-1250°C, the finish rolling temperature of the rough rolling is 1170°C-1210°C, the finish rolling temperature is 950°C-1050°C, and the plate thickness after finish rolling is 2.0-2.3mm.
5.常化：将热轧板进行三段式常化退火，先将钢板加热1100～1150℃，保温12～60秒（为常化1段）；然后降温至860℃，再次升温至880℃～900℃，保温1-2分钟（为常化2段）；最后在920～930℃，加热1～2分钟（为常化3段）；将常化后的板坯冷却至50～80℃后进行冷轧，采用非对称的快速水冷，冷却水温控制在40～60℃，板坯的炉床侧冷却速度为40～70℃/S，较其它部位冷却速度慢5～10℃/S。5. Normalization: The hot-rolled plate is subjected to three-stage normalization annealing. Firstly, the steel plate is heated to 1100-1150°C and held for 12-60 seconds (one stage of normalization); then the temperature is lowered to 860°C, and the temperature is raised to 880°C again ~900°C, keep warm for 1-2 minutes (for the second stage of normalization); finally, heat at 920-930°C for 1-2 minutes (for the third stage of normalization); cool the normalized slab to 50-80°C Afterwards, cold rolling is carried out, using asymmetric rapid water cooling, the cooling water temperature is controlled at 40-60°C, and the cooling rate of the hearth side of the slab is 40-70°C/S, which is 5-10°C/S slower than other parts.
6.对常化冷却后的钢板进行冷轧、脱碳退火、高温退火和拉伸平整退火得到高磁感取向硅钢，6. Cold rolling, decarburization annealing, high temperature annealing and stretching and tempering annealing are carried out on the normalized and cooled steel plate to obtain high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel,
按照上述工艺进行的本发明实施例1-8和比较例的成分和工艺以及实施效果参见表1。Refer to Table 1 for the ingredients, processes and implementation effects of Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples of the present invention carried out according to the above process.
表1-1实施例1-8和比较例的成分和主要工艺参数The composition and main process parameter of table 1-1 embodiment 1-8 and comparative example
表1-2实施例和比较例的成分和主要工艺参数Composition and main process parameter of table 1-2 embodiment and comparative example
比较例：Comparative example:
将连铸坯经燃气炉低温预热后再经预轧、电磁感应加热炉加热、粗轧、精轧、常化、冷轧、脱碳退火、高温退火和拉伸平整退火得到高磁感取向硅钢，The continuous casting slab is preheated by gas furnace at low temperature, then pre-rolled, electromagnetic induction heating furnace, rough rolling, finish rolling, normalization, cold rolling, decarburization annealing, high temperature annealing and stretching and tempering annealing to obtain high magnetic induction orientation silicon steel,
其中，in,
1、燃气炉低温预热：将连铸坯送入燃气炉低温预热至1200℃.1. Low temperature preheating of gas furnace: send the continuous casting slab into the gas furnace for low temperature preheating to 1200°C.
粗轧：将预热后的连铸坯进行3道粗轧，控制粗轧的下压率为13%，侧压量为60mm。Rough rolling: The preheated continuous casting slab is subjected to 3 rough rollings, the rough rolling rate is controlled to be 13%, and the side pressure is 60mm.
3、电磁感应加热炉加热：将粗轧后的板坯送入电磁感应加热炉进行加热，控制炉温为1400℃，使板坯全范围的感应加热线圈输出功率均匀设定。3. Electromagnetic induction heating furnace heating: send the rough-rolled slab into the electromagnetic induction heating furnace for heating, control the furnace temperature to 1400°C, and set the output power of the induction heating coil in the whole range of the slab evenly.
4、粗轧、精轧：对出炉后的板坯进行5-7道粗轧，粗轧终轧温度1180～1200℃；再经7道次精轧至2.0-2.3mm，精轧终轧温度920～1020℃；再快冷至550℃，完成热轧。4. Rough rolling and finishing rolling: 5-7 passes of rough rolling are carried out on the slab after it comes out of the furnace, and the finishing rolling temperature of rough rolling is 1180-1200°C; 920～1020°C; then rapidly cooled to 550°C to complete hot rolling.
5、常化：将热轧板进行两段式常化退火，先将板坯加热1100～1150℃，保温12～60秒（为常化1段）；然后降温至860℃，再次升温至880℃～900℃，保温1-2分钟（为常化2段）；将常化后的板坯冷却至50～80℃后进行冷轧，冷却水温控制在40～60℃，板面均匀冷却速度为40～80℃/S。5. Normalization: Carry out two-stage normalization annealing of the hot-rolled sheet, first heat the slab to 1100-1150°C, and keep it warm for 12-60 seconds (one stage of normalization); then lower the temperature to 860°C, and then raise the temperature to 880°C ℃～900℃, heat preservation for 1-2 minutes (for normalization stage 2); after cooling the normalized slab to 50～80℃, cold rolling is carried out, the cooling water temperature is controlled at 40～60℃, and the cooling speed of the slab surface is uniform 40~80°C/S.
6、对常化冷却后的钢板进行冷轧、脱碳退火、高温退火和拉伸平整退火得到高磁感取向硅钢。6. Perform cold rolling, decarburization annealing, high temperature annealing and stretching and tempering annealing on the normalized and cooled steel plate to obtain high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel.
7、得到成品的磁性合格达到90%左右，单边磁性不良发生率10～18%。经爱泼斯坦方圈法测试，典型试样的B800：1.925T，P17/50：1.009w/kg。7. The magnetic qualification of the finished product reaches about 90%, and the incidence rate of unilateral magnetic failure is 10-18%. Tested by Epstein's square circle method, B 800 of a typical sample: 1.925T, P 17/50 : 1.009w/kg.
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