CN103666528B - A kind of catalytic cracking unit start-up method - Google Patents
A kind of catalytic cracking unit start-up method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103666528B CN103666528B CN201210352775.6A CN201210352775A CN103666528B CN 103666528 B CN103666528 B CN 103666528B CN 201210352775 A CN201210352775 A CN 201210352775A CN 103666528 B CN103666528 B CN 103666528B
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Abstract
A kind of catalytic cracking unit start-up method, injects revivifier by the fluidizing medium of heat and reactor makes it heat up, and closes the valve between revivifier and reactor, and loads in revivifier by live catalyst; When revivifier reaches certain temperature, water vapor is injected degassing vessel, improve the pressure of revivifier; After the activity decrease 10%-50% of revivifier inner catalyst, stop injecting water vapor, recover regenerator pressure, by catalyst transport to reactor; Catalyzer in reactor enters in settling vessel and carries out gas solid separation, and isolated catalyzer is back to revivifier; In reactor, spray into hydrocarbon oil crude material carry out catalytic cracking reaction.The method makes full use of existing apparatus condition, the activity of live catalyst can be reduced to fast the level of equilibrium catalyst before oil spout, thus avoid the catalyst replacement link in ordinary method, makes device drop into normal operation within the shorter time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the start-up method of catalytic cracking unit, more particularly, is a kind of method that industrial catalyticing cracking device reactor and regenerator system employing live catalyst go into operation.
Background technology
Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is most important heavy oil lighting process in current petroleum refining industry, along with oils demand progressively increases, constantly has newly-built catalytic cracking unit to go into operation operation in global range.
The start-up process of catalytic cracking full scale plant reactor and regenerator system generally follows following basic step: first by air aid burning indoor by the combustion heating of inflammable gas and/or liquid after inject revivifier and reactor successively, make two devices be warming up to 350 DEG C about-550 DEG C; Then close the valve in catalyst recycle line between two devices, warm air continues to inject revivifier, and in reactor, pass into water vapor; Subsequently catalyzer injected revivifier and make catalyzer in revivifier, carry out single device fluidisation under the effect of warm air; In revivifier, spray into combustion oil at a suitable temperature, make revivifier inner catalyst continue to be warming up to about 600 DEG C; Device inner catalyst fluidisation to be regenerated is normal and after setting up suitable catalyzer material level, the valve slowly between unlatching revivifier and reactor on regenerated catalyst line, is transferred in reactor by the part high temperature catalyst in revivifier under fluidized state; Turn in agent process need in revivifier supplement a certain amount of catalyzer, to maintain the material level of revivifier inner catalyst; Question response device inner catalyst has certain reserve and after the flows by actionization of water vapor is normal, valve between slow unlatching reactor and revivifier on reclaimable catalyst line of pipes, make the catalyzer in reactor be back to revivifier under fluidized state, set up two devices of catalyzer between revivifier and reactor ciculation fluidized; After the temperature of two devices, pressure and catalyst inventory reach set(ting)value, in reactor, spray into hydrocarbon oil crude material carry out catalytic cracking reaction and obtain product, complete the start-up process of catalytic cracking full scale plant reactor and regenerator system.
The catalyzer that catalytic cracking full scale plant adopts in start-up process is generally the industrial equilibrium catalyst taking from allied equipment, also has minority device to adopt the low activity of the special development catalyzer that goes into operation to go into operation.Why in start-up process, do not adopt live catalyst, mainly because the activity of live catalyst is very high, the reaction of hydrocarbon oil crude material on live catalyst will produce a large amount of coke, causes coke a large amount of " accumulation " on a catalyst, and then causes device to operate.In most cases, even if the feedstock property between similar catalytic cracking unit and product requirement also all exist certain difference, the catalyzer that the stage that therefore runs well adopts is also incomplete same.In order to reach the products distribution of expection, no matter adopt above-mentioned which kind of to go into operation scheme, all must use after device smooth running as the catalyzer that start-up process adopts slowly replaced by the custom-designed live catalyst of this device.
As compared to adopting the go into operation start-up process of special-purpose catalyst of other device equilibrium catalyst and low activity, the fresh stream catalyst of direct employing goes into operation and can avoid catalyst replacement link, make device drop into normal operation within the shorter time, thus save the expense input of refinery in start-up process; But need the problem solved to be the level how activity of live catalyst being reduced to fast equilibrium catalyst before oil spout.
The activity adopting the mode of hydrothermal treatment consists to reduce catalyzer in laboratory is very ripe method.Result of study shows, under catalytic cracking unit normal operating pressures, usually needs under the hot conditions of 730 DEG C-830 DEG C, adopts 100% water vapor to carry out to catalytic cracking live catalyst the catalyzer that process could obtain and equilibrium catalyst activity is close.In the stage of going into operation, catalytic cracking full scale plant reaction-regeneration system relies on the type of heating spraying into fuel combustion to provide heat needed for system, and due to the restriction by device materials and catalyzer tolerable temperature, the temperature of two devices generally will control below 700 DEG C.Visible catalytic cracking unit cannot reach the temperature condition needed for the hydrothermal treatment consists of laboratory in the stage of going into operation.
CN1124899C discloses one and makes catalytic cracking catalyst cyclic polluting, aging method, will be dissolved with in metal-organic hydrocarbon oil crude material injecting reactor to contact with regenerated catalyst, react, oil gas after separating reaction and catalyzer, oil gas sends into subsequent separation system, reacted catalyzer is aging through stripping, water vapor and flue gas, oxygen-containing gas regeneration after, be delivered to reactor cycles use.Live catalyst is after the method process, and its every physico-chemical property is all close to industrial equilibrium catalyst.The method is implemented on small-sized, medium-sized experimental installation, and is not suitable for catalytic cracking full scale plant.
CN101927198A and CN101927199A discloses one and improves catalytic cracking catalyst optionally treatment process, live catalyst is loaded dense phase fluidized bed, contact with water vapor, carry out under certain thermal and hydric environment aging after obtain aging catalyst, described aging catalyst is joined in industrial catalyticing cracking device.The method can make the activity and selectivity distribution of catalytic cracking unit inner catalyst more even, and it implements the external conditions needing the catalytic cracking unit operated to provide necessary, and the catalytic cracking unit being in the stage of going into operation cannot adopt the method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is on the basis of existing catalytic cracking full scale plant start-up method, propose a kind of method that catalytic cracking unit adopts live catalyst to go into operation.
Catalytic cracking unit start-up method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) after making it heat up the gas phase fluidization medium of heat injection For Fcc Regenerator and reactor, close the valve on regenerated catalyst line and reclaimable catalyst line of pipes between revivifier and reactor, continue the gas phase fluidization medium passing into heat in revivifier and reactor, and live catalyst is loaded in revivifier, make catalyzer be in fluidized state in revivifier, wherein revivifier is provided with catalyzer degassing vessel;
(2) injected by water vapor in the degassing vessel with revivifier UNICOM and catalyst exposure, and improve the pressure of regeneration system rapidly, the catalyzer now in degassing vessel is in the fluidized state of pressurization and water vapor atmosphere, and catalyst activity reduces fast;
(3) increase water vapor injection rate in the middle part of degassing vessel, promoted by catalyzer to carry with the pipeline of revivifier dilute phase UNICOM through degassing vessel top and return revivifier, the catalyst make-up in revivifier enters degassing vessel, continuation steam treatment;
(4) after the activity decrease 10%-50% of regeneration system rapidly inner catalyst, stop injecting water vapor in degassing vessel, regenerator pressure is down to normal level, open the valve on regenerated catalyst line subsequently, the catalyzer after amount of activated decline is delivered to reactor by regenerated catalyst line;
(5) catalyzer in reactor enters in settling vessel and carries out gas solid separation under the promotion of gas phase fluidization medium, and isolated catalyzer enters reclaimable catalyst line of pipes;
(6) open the valve on reclaimable catalyst line of pipes, make catalyzer be back to revivifier, set up ciculation fluidized between revivifier and reactor of catalyzer;
(7) in reactor, spray into hydrocarbon oil crude material carry out catalytic cracking reaction and obtain reaction product.
Method provided by the invention implements like this:
The gas phase fluidization medium of heat is injected bottom For Fcc Regenerator, and is introduced in reactor by regenerated catalyst line between revivifier and reactor and reclaimable catalyst line of pipes.Revivifier is provided with catalyzer degassing vessel.Fluidizing medium described in step (1) be selected from air, oxygen, inflammable gas burn in air or oxygen after gas, flammable liquid burn in air or oxygen after gas among one or more.
After device to be regenerated and inside reactor temperature at least reach 300 DEG C, close the valve on regenerated catalyst line and reclaimable catalyst line of pipes.The gas phase fluidization medium of heat continues to inject revivifier, injects another strand of gas phase fluidization medium at reactor bottom.Fluidizing medium in reactor can be identical with the fluidizing medium in step (1) revivifier, also can be water vapor, preferably water steam.
Live catalyst is loaded in revivifier, make catalyzer be in fluidized state under the effect of fluidizing medium.Described catalyzer is any catalyzer that applicable catalytic cracking unit uses.
When the internal temperature of revivifier reaches more than 350 DEG C, can spray in revivifier at such a temperature can the combustion oil of spontaneous combustion and contacts fresh catalyst burn, with the intensification of accelerator activator.
Improving the pressure of revivifier, is the preferred 0.5MPa-1.0MPa of 0.5MPa-3.0MPa at pressure, to the degassing vessel of revivifier UNICOM in inject superheated vapour.Maintain fluidized state 1-90 minute, preferred 15-30 minute in degassing vessel; Increase water vapor injection rate in the middle part of degassing vessel, the pipeline promoted by catalyzer through degassing vessel top and revivifier dilute phase UNICOM is carried and is returned revivifier.Meanwhile, the catalyst make-up in revivifier enters degassing vessel, continues steam treatment.Pressure of the present invention all refers to absolute pressure.
As the micro-activity decline 10%-50% of revivifier inner catalyst, after preferred decline 15%-30%, stop injecting water vapor to degassing vessel, regenerator pressure is down to normal level (generally lower than 0.3MPa), open the valve on regenerated catalyst line subsequently, the catalyzer after amount of activated decline is delivered to reactor by regenerated catalyst line.Described catalyst activity adopt ASTM D3907 or its improve one's methods and measure.
Catalyzer in reactor enters in settling vessel and carries out gas solid separation under the promotion of gas phase fluidization medium, and isolated catalyzer enters into reclaimable catalyst line of pipes.Open the valve on reclaimable catalyst line of pipes, make catalyzer be back to revivifier, set up ciculation fluidized between revivifier and reactor of catalyzer.Afterwards, in reactor, spray into hydrocarbon oil crude material carry out catalytic cracking reaction and obtain reaction product, complete the start-up process of catalytic cracking unit.
The beneficial effect of method provided by the invention is:
Method provided by the invention takes full advantage of catalytic cracking unit and to go into operation the condition that the stage itself can provide, and not needing to carry out change to device inside can implement, and therefore can not affect the normal operation of catalytic cracking unit.
The activity of live catalyst can be reduced to the method for the level of equilibrium catalyst fast by method provided by the invention before oil spout, thus avoid the catalyst replacement link adopted after conventional start-up method, make device drop into normal operation within the shorter time, thus save the expense input of refinery in start-up process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet that catalytic cracking unit provided by the invention adopts live catalyst start-up method, and the For Fcc Regenerator shown in Fig. 1 is provided with catalyzer degassing vessel.
Embodiment
Describe method provided by the invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but the present invention is not therefore subject to any restriction.
As shown in Figure 1, the gas phase fluidization medium of heat is injected the bottom of For Fcc Regenerator 10 by pipeline 1, and by entering degassing vessel 16 communicating pipe 15, being entered in reactor 6 and settling vessel 7 by regenerated catalyst 2 again, entered in revivifier 10 by reclaimable catalyst transfer lime 8 simultaneously.After device 10 to be regenerated, reactor 6 and settling vessel 7 internal temperature at least reach 300 DEG C, close the valve 3 on regenerated catalyst line 2 and reclaimable catalyst line of pipes 8 and valve 9 respectively.The gas phase fluidization medium of heat continues to inject revivifier 10 by pipeline 1, injects another strand of gas phase fluidization medium in the bottom of reactor 6 through pipeline 4.Live catalyst is loaded in revivifier 10, make catalyzer be in fluidized state under the effect of fluidizing medium.Catalyzer is by entering in degassing vessel 16 communicating pipe 15, and the fluidizing medium containing oxygen injects degassing vessel 16 by pipeline 13, makes the catalyzer in degassing vessel 16 be in fluidized state.When the internal temperature of revivifier 10 reaches more than 350 DEG C, can spray in revivifier 10 at such a temperature can the combustion oil of spontaneous combustion, with the intensification of accelerator activator.Change pipeline 13 injecting gas into water vapor by the fluidizing medium containing oxygen, water vapour is in degassing vessel 16 and catalyst exposure.After catalyst exposure, water vapour enters the top of revivifier 10 by pipe 17.By the variable valve 12 on flue gas pipeline 11, the pressure of revivifier 10 is increased to 0.5MPa-3.0Mpa.Catalyzer now in degassing vessel carries out fluidization treatment under pressure 0.5MPa-3.0MPa, temperature 550 DEG C-700 DEG C, 100% water vapor atmosphere, maintains this state 1-90 minute.In degassing vessel 16, inject fluidizing medium or water vapor by pipeline 14, the catalyzer of degassing vessel middle and upper part is delivered to revivifier 10 top through pipeline 17.Meanwhile, the catalyst make-up in revivifier enters degassing vessel, continues steam treatment.Repetition like this to revivifier inner catalyst micro-activity decline 10%-50% after, stop injecting water vapor, by the variable valve 12 on flue gas pipeline 11 by the Pressure Drop of revivifier 10 to normal level, open the valve 3 on regenerated catalyst line 2 subsequently, the catalyzer after activity decrease is delivered to reactor 6 by regenerated catalyst line 2.Catalyzer in reactor 6 enters in settling vessel 7 and carries out gas solid separation under the promotion of the gas phase fluidization medium from pipeline 4, and isolated catalyzer enters into reclaimable catalyst line of pipes 8.Open the valve 9 on reclaimable catalyst line of pipes 8, make catalyzer be back to revivifier 10, set up ciculation fluidized between revivifier 10 and reactor 6 of catalyzer.Afterwards, in reactor 6, spray into hydrocarbon oil crude material by pipeline 5 and carry out catalytic cracking reaction and obtain reaction product, complete the start-up process of catalytic cracking unit.
Further illustrate method provided by the invention below by embodiment, but the present invention is not therefore subject to any restriction.
The catalyzer used in embodiment is by catalyzer asphalt in Shenli Refinery of Sinopec Group industrial production, and trade names are MMC-2.This catalyzer contains the ZSP zeolite that ultrastable Y－type zeolite and mean pore size are less than 0.7 nanometer.The main physico-chemical property of MMC-2 live catalyst is in table 1.In embodiment, the micro-activity of catalyzer all adopts ASTMD3907 method to measure.
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 illustrates and adopts method provided by the invention, under an increased pressure live catalyst is carried out to the effect of hydrothermal treatment consists.
The go into operation condition in stage of pressurization fixed fluidized bed experimental installation simulation For Fcc Regenerator is adopted to test.In fixed fluidized bed for the loading of MMC-2 live catalyst, simultaneously using air as fluidizing medium, pass into fluidized-bed bottom after preheating oven is heated to about 350 DEG C, by the automatic pressure regulating valve of fixed fluidized bed outlet by fixed fluidized bed pressure-controlling at 0.5MPa.Electrically heated mode is adopted to be heated by fixed fluidized bed inner catalyst and be stabilized in 650 DEG C.Adopt two-step heating stove by water vapor and pass into fluidized-bed bottom after being superheated to 400 DEG C.Under these conditions hydrothermal treatment consists is carried out 12 hours to catalyzer.The underlying condition of process and the micro-activity of process rear catalyst list in table 2.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 illustrates and adopts method provided by the invention, under the condition of further raising pressure, live catalyst is carried out to the effect of hydrothermal treatment consists.
The basic skills of experiment is with embodiment 1, and difference is by fixed fluidized bed pressure-controlling at 0.7MPa, and catalyst temperature controls at 600 DEG C.Under these conditions hydrothermal treatment consists is carried out 9 hours to catalyzer.The underlying condition of process and the micro-activity of process rear catalyst list in table 2.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 illustrates the effect of live catalyst being carried out to hydrothermal treatment consists under low pressure conditions compared with embodiment 1.
The basic skills of experiment and most of hydrothermal conditions are with embodiment 1, and difference is at 0.3MPa by fixed fluidized bed pressure-controlling.Prevailing operating conditions and the results are shown in table 2.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 illustrates under low pressure conditions compared with embodiment 1, live catalyst is carried out to the effect of long period hydrothermal treatment consists.
The basic skills of experiment and most of hydrothermal conditions are with embodiment 1, and difference is by fixed fluidized bed pressure-controlling at 0.3MPa, will extend to 72 hours the treatment time.Prevailing operating conditions and the results are shown in table 2.
In table 2, the experimental result of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 shows, adopt method provided by the invention, under the condition that live catalyst can provide in the catalytic cracking unit stage of going into operation, just activity can be reduced to the level of equilibrium catalyst by means of only 12 hours hydrothermal treatment consists, illustrate that industrial catalyticing cracking device adopts method provided by the invention can realize adopting live catalyst to go into operation.Embodiment 1 is compared known with comparative example 1 with comparative example 2, adopts method provided by the invention significantly can accelerate the decay of activity speed of live catalyst, even if under low pressure significantly extend the activity that hydrothermal conditions also effectively cannot reduce live catalyst.
Table 1
| Catalyzer | MMC-2 |
| Zeolite content, heavy % | |
| Y | 16 |
| ZSP | 12 |
| Physical properties | |
| Specific surface, rice 2/ gram | 258 |
| Pore volume, centimetre 3/ gram | 0.19 |
| Apparent density, gram per centimeter 3 | 0.75 |
| Screening, heavy % | |
| 0-20 micron | 0.8 |
| 0-40 micron | 10.4 |
| 0-80 micron | 70.8 |
| 0-110 micron | 88.5 |
| 0-149 micron | 97.8 |
| > 149 microns | 2.2 |
| Micro-activity | 91 |
Table 2
| Project | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Treatment condition | ||||
| Fluidized-bed temperature, DEG C | 650 | 600 | 650 | 650 |
| Fluidized-bed pressure, MPa | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| The actual treatment time, hour | 24 | 18 | 24 | 72 |
| Process rear catalyst micro-activity | 69 | 65 | 85 | 84 |
Claims (7)
1. a catalytic cracking unit start-up method, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) after making it heat up the gas phase fluidization medium of heat injection For Fcc Regenerator and reactor, close the valve on regenerated catalyst line and reclaimable catalyst line of pipes between revivifier and reactor, continue the gas phase fluidization medium passing into heat in revivifier and reactor, and live catalyst is loaded in revivifier, make catalyzer be in fluidized state in revivifier, wherein revivifier is provided with catalyzer degassing vessel;
(2) water vapor is injected in the degassing vessel with revivifier UNICOM and catalyst exposure, and improve the pressure of regeneration system rapidly, catalyzer now in degassing vessel is in the fluidized state of pressurization and water vapor atmosphere, catalyst activity reduces fast, pressure is 0.5MPa-3.0MPa, and the temperature of revivifier is 550 DEG C-700 DEG C;
(3) increase water vapor injection rate in the middle part of degassing vessel, promoted by catalyzer to carry with the pipeline of revivifier dilute phase UNICOM through degassing vessel top and return revivifier, the catalyst make-up in revivifier enters degassing vessel, continuation steam treatment;
(4) after the activity decrease 10%-50% of regeneration system rapidly inner catalyst, stop injecting water vapor in degassing vessel, regenerator pressure is down to normal level, open the valve on regenerated catalyst line subsequently, the catalyzer after amount of activated decline is delivered to reactor by regenerated catalyst line;
(5) catalyzer in reactor enters in settling vessel and carries out gas solid separation under the promotion of gas phase fluidization medium, and isolated catalyzer enters reclaimable catalyst line of pipes;
(6) open the valve on reclaimable catalyst line of pipes, make catalyzer be back to revivifier, set up ciculation fluidized between revivifier and reactor of catalyzer;
(7) in reactor, spray into hydrocarbon oil crude material carry out catalytic cracking reaction and obtain reaction product.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that step (2) described pressure is 0.5MPa-1.0MPa.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the temperature of revivifier is 600 DEG C-680 DEG C.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the activity decrease 15%-30% of step (4) described catalyzer.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step (1) described fluidizing medium be selected from air, oxygen, inflammable gas burn in air or oxygen after gas, flammable liquid burn in air or oxygen after gas among one or more.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the degassing vessel inner catalyst fluidisation time is 1-90 minute.
7. method according to claim 6, is characterized in that the degassing vessel inner catalyst fluidisation time is 15-30 minute.
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| US11891578B2 (en) | 2018-07-16 | 2024-02-06 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Process and system for catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils |
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