CN103659601B - Based on coordinate automatic compensating method in angle head cylindrical grinding machine grinding - Google Patents
Based on coordinate automatic compensating method in angle head cylindrical grinding machine grinding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103659601B CN103659601B CN201310656904.5A CN201310656904A CN103659601B CN 103659601 B CN103659601 B CN 103659601B CN 201310656904 A CN201310656904 A CN 201310656904A CN 103659601 B CN103659601 B CN 103659601B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
- Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of based on coordinate automatic compensating method in angle head cylindrical grinding machine grinding, the steps include: when setting up coordinate system at every turn, by the difference of coordinates of targets and mechanical coordinate stored in macro-variable, compensation rate and crushing compensation rate is refreshed with numerical control macro-variable memory coordinate, during each start, caller recalculates coordinate value, auto-compensation workpiece coordinate; During manual setting coordinate, by compensate after coordinate with compensate before difference stored in macro-variable, is added with emery wheel diamond coordinate, the diamond coordinate that calculating makes new advances and grinding carriage security bit coordinate; In first grade of grinding many grades of workpiece, use amount instrument sends signal to CNC, uses jump instruction in a program, adds up to amount instrument offset each time, stored in the amount of being designated as instrument accumulated compensation value in a macro-variable; By the coordinate value subtracted amount instrument accumulated compensation value of first time foundation before upper once grinding.The present invention can in grinding process auto-compensation due to the repetitive positioning accuracy of lathe own, and the error that emery wheel loss causes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the automated process to workpiece coordinate in the grinding of a kind of angle head cylindrical grinding machine workpiece and crushing.
Background technology
At present, without on the numerically control grinder of grating scale, due to the repetitive positioning accuracy of lathe itself, the reasons such as the loss of crushing medium plain emery wheel usually can cause workpiece to be ground to last dimension overproof.A lot of lathe manually can only be inputted when each grinding by the grinding experience of operating personnel and compensate.This compensation way needs the amount compensated to calculate needs in the size of operating personnel's measuring workpieces after each grinding completes.And along with the loss of emery wheel, compensation rate will become large.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the shortcoming in order to overcome present grinding machine compensation way, there is provided a kind of based on coordinate automatic compensating method in angle head cylindrical grinding machine grinding, the method can in grinding process auto-compensation due to the repetitive positioning accuracy of lathe own, and the error that emery wheel loss causes.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of based on coordinate automatic compensating method in angle head cylindrical grinding machine grinding, the steps include:
1) workpiece coordinate system is set up, make the zero point of workpiece consistent with the zero point of workpiece coordinate system, when setting up coordinate system at every turn, by the difference of coordinates of targets and mechanical coordinate stored in macro-variable, numerical control macro-variable memory coordinate is used to refresh compensation rate and crushing compensation rate, when each start, caller recalculates coordinate value, auto-compensation workpiece coordinate;
2) when each manually setting coordinate, by after compensating coordinate with compensate before difference stored in macro-variable, is added with emery wheel diamond coordinate, the diamond coordinate that calculating makes new advances and grinding carriage security bit coordinate;
3) in first grade of grinding many grades of workpiece, use amount instrument carries out real-time online measuring, when workpiece grinding allowance is zero, amount instrument sends a signal to CNC, utilize this signal, use jump instruction in a program, feed simultaneously terminates, and current workpiece coordinate value is refreshed the target size for workpiece, and grinding gear afterwards will carry out grinding with new coordinate system;
4) amount instrument offset is each time added up, stored in the amount of being designated as instrument accumulated compensation value in a macro-variable.By the coordinate value subtracted amount instrument accumulated compensation value of first time foundation before upper once grinding.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention can in grinding process auto-compensation due to the repetitive positioning accuracy of lathe own, and the error that emery wheel loss causes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is workpiece zero and workpiece coordinate system consistent schematic diagram at zero point;
Fig. 2 is the deviation compensation schematic diagram that crushing causes;
Fig. 3 is angle head cylindrical grinding machine medium plain emery wheel guide rail and table top guide rail schematic diagram at angle;
Fig. 4 is that consumption instrument carries out real-time online measuring schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of based on coordinate automatic compensating method in angle head cylindrical grinding machine grinding:
First, in order to the convenience of grinding in workpiece grinding, need to set up a workpiece coordinate system, in this coordinate system workpiece we make the zero point of workpiece consistent with the zero point of workpiece coordinate system, but, if doing so, re-establish new coordinate system again after each start, so, when setting up coordinate system at every turn, by the difference of coordinates of targets and mechanical coordinate stored in macro-variable, when starting shooting at every turn, according to stored in macro-variable set up coordinate system again.Such as: the diameter of a workpiece is 100mm, this time, mechanical coordinate may be at an arbitrary position, we are uncontrollable, but, utilize macro-variable can set up a workpiece coordinate system, in this coordinate system, the x-axis coordinate making emery wheel 1 just encounter the position of workpiece 2 is 100mm, and we just can say workpiece zero and workpiece coordinate system zero point consistent (as Fig. 1) substantially like this.Z axis coordinate can set according to different situations.
Before not setting up workpiece coordinate system, the value of general workpiece coordinate is also uncertain.So first, the value of current workpiece coordinate system is read, this numerical value is stored in inside a macro-variable, is denoted as X
initial value and Z
initial value .Then, by the coordinate system needing setting one new according to different workpieces, this new coordinate value is also stored in him inside a macro-variable, is designated as X
setting value and Z
setting value .Go to subtract this initial value by this setting value:
X
offset 1 =X
setting value -X
initial value
Z
offset 1 =Z
setting value -Z
initial value
Subtract each other this value of obtaining stored in macro-variable, be designated as X
offset 1 , Z
offset 1 .
Example: first read in changing coordinates by caller caller 1000
O1000
#500=0
#501=0
#502=#5021
#503=#5022
#504=#5001
#505=#5001
#506=#5002
#507=#5002
M02
Parameter declaration is in table 1.
Then call by program 1001
O1001
IF[#500EQ0]GOTO10
IF[#500EQ3.0]GOTO40
IF[#500EQ4.0]GOTO50
GOTO100
N10
#502=#504-#505
#503=#506-#507
#548=#548-#502
#549=#549-#503
#544=#544-#502
#545=#545-#503
GOTO91
N40
#544=#504
GOTO90
N50
#545=#506
GOTO90
N90
#501=0
#502=0
#503=0
N91
#504=0
#505=0
#506=0
#507=0
#500=0
M98P1002
N100
M02
Parameter declaration is in table 1.
Because the characteristic of grinding machine, grinding machine will constantly loss 3(be as shown in Figure 2 at grinding process medium plain emery wheel), can decline by grinding force after emery wheel loss, workpiece grinding speed can be caused to decline, the problems such as the various lines of surface generation.So emery wheel after loss needs to repair, but grinding wheel diameter will diminish after crushing, if do not compensated, ensuing determine workpiece size in journey automatic grinding will be bigger than normal.At this moment general lathe needs artificial by virtue of experience being fallen by the deviation compensation that crushing causes, inconvenience very.This method is by calculating the trim amount of each emery wheel, be stored in inside a macro-variable, the relation of building up by welding power is considered in angle head cylindrical grinding machine, emery wheel guide rail generally can have a certain degree (as shown in Figure 3) with table top guide rail, so in order to keep the shape invariance after crushing, end face will become certain ratio with the trim amount of cylindrical.This is more relevant with the angle that emery wheel guide rail and table top are formed than row.Suppose that the trim amount of each cylindrical of lathe is X trim amount, then the trim amount Z-correction on end face direction is the product of X trim amount and TAN θ, and θ is the angle of emery wheel guide rail and lathe bed.Because in grinding machine China and foreign countries, circular direction is diameter programming, so the product of gained also needs divided by 2.Obtain:
Z
correction =(TAN θ * X
correction )/2
The numerical value of each crushing is accumulated in a macro-variable and stores, be designated as X
offset 2 , Z
offset 2 .
X
offset 2 =X
offset 2 + X
trim amount
Z
correction =(TAN θ * X
correction )/2
Z
offset 2 =Z
offset 2 + Z
trim amount
Coordinate X thus on outer circular direction should equal the X produced when changing coordinates adds transformed coordinate system
offset 1, deduct the X that crushing causes again
offset 2 .
X=X
changing coordinates + X
offset 1 -X
offset 2
Changing coordinates in X-axis, due to the relation of two-axle interlocking, is had relation by end face coordinate Z.
Z=Z
changing coordinates + Z
offset 1 -Z
offset 2 + (X
changing coordinates * SIN θ)/2
#564=#512
#565=#564*TAN[θ]
#565=#565/2
#542=#542-#564
#543=#543-#565
Call a secondary program when each start to calculate above-mentioned parameter, set up workpiece coordinate system X, Z.Need to refresh grinding carriage home, owing to also needing to refresh coordinate system after crushing, so before this program is placed on is placed on each section of program as subprogram while coordinate refreshes.As program 1002
O1002
G94
#101=#5021*COS[θ]+#548-#542
#103=#5021/2
#103=#103*SIN[θ]
#102=#5022+#103+#519-#513
G92X#101Z#102
#100=#542/2
#524=#590*COS[θ]+#548-#542
#524=#524+5.0
M99
Parameter declaration is in table 1.
After above-mentioned compensation policy, the dimensional accuracy of workpiece after can ensureing first time trimming wheel, but general grinding machine workpiece, because the reason of production efficiency, generally wants grinding N root workpiece to repair an emery wheel.So after first time trimming wheel, the workpiece size next time before trimming wheel can be bigger than normal because of the loss of emery wheel in grinding.Because when this loss occurs, emery wheel is not also repaired, and above-mentioned scheme cannot compensate this loss.So we also need use amount instrument to carry out real-time online measuring on the basis of above-mentioned compensation.In workpiece grinding process, use amount instrument 4 can monitor the size (Fig. 4) of workpiece 2 in grinding process, and when workpiece 2 grinding allowance is zero, amount instrument 4 can send a signal to CNC.Utilize this signal, in a program use jump instruction as: G31P1U0.5F0.05, the signal that redirect signal use amount instrument sends when grinding allowance is zero, while obtaining this signal, feed terminates.The size of such workpiece will be ensured by amount instrument.
In actual grinding machine process, workpiece usually comprises many grades of cylindricals and needs grinding.Due to grinding cost, frame for movement, and the various reasons such as grinding speed, cannot in the grinding process of each grade all use amount instrument carry out real-time on-line measurement.So, must ensure to ensure at first grade of grinding use amount instrument, amount instrument grinding allowance be zero send signal after, refresh workpiece coordinate system at once, being refreshed by cylindrical coordinate value X is the target size of first grade of workpiece.Example: equivalent instrument grinding allowance is that zero-signal sends, this time, the target size of hypothesis workpiece was 90.000mm.But, due to reasons such as the error in manual tool setting or the emery wheel losses in grinding, the X-axis coordinate of workpiece coordinate system and actual size are not inconsistent, and are assumed to be 90.005mm, at this moment set up workpiece coordinate system again, current workpiece coordinate value is refreshed the target size 90.000mm for workpiece.At this moment with the outer bowlder of newly-established next shelves of workpiece coordinate system grinding, due to grinding first grade of outer bowlder consumption instrument coordinate system is compensated, the grinding accuracy of workpiece will improve greatly.The workpiece target size 90.000 that workpiece coordinate 90.005 before compensating is deducted refreshing by this difference stored in a macro-variable, the amount of being designated as instrument offset.Amount instrument offset is each time added up, stored in the amount of being designated as instrument accumulated compensation value in a macro-variable.By the coordinate value X subtracted amount instrument accumulated compensation value of first time foundation before upper once grinding:
X2=X-amount instrument accumulated compensation value
Set up coordinate system again with X2, amount instrument offset last so just first compensate in this time grinding.
After amount instrument transmits, call subroutine O1003
O1003
G94
#521=#591-#5001
#522=#522+#521
G92X#591Z#5002
O1004
G94
#101=#5021*COS [θ]+#518-#512+#522(measures instrument accumulated compensation value)
#103=#5021/2
#103=#103*SIN[θ]
#102=#5022+#103+#519-#513
G92X#101Z#102
Parameter declaration is in table 1.
Table 1
| Display | Designation | Explanation | Setting value |
| Data setting is numbered | #500 | Effective number is 0.3.4.5 | |
| Grinding wheel diameter inputs | #501 | Manually input during grinding wheel diameter setting | |
| X actual value inputs | #502 | During to X-coordinate, manually input | |
| Z actual value inputs | #503 | During to Z coordinate, manually input | |
| Intermediate variable | #504 | ||
| Diamond position X | #505 | Automatic setting | |
| Diamond position Z | #506 | Automatic setting | |
| Intermediate variable | #507 | ||
| Coordinate X measure error | #521 | Manually reset after X-coordinate | |
| Coordinate X measure error is accumulated | #522 | Manually reset after X-coordinate | |
| Give up the throne after emery wheel | #524 | Automatic computing, user does not need setting | |
| X-coordinate biased 1 | #542 | Automatic setting | |
| Z coordinate biased 1 | #543 | Automatic setting | |
| X-coordinate is biased | #548 | Automatic setting | |
| Z coordinate is biased | #549 | Automatic setting | |
| Position memory Xm or computing X-coordinate difference etc. | #560 | Computing X-coordinate difference | |
| Position memory Zm or computing Z sitting block mark difference etc. | #561 | Computing Z coordinate difference | |
| Position memory X | #562 | Remember current workpiece coordinate X value | |
| Position memory Z | #563 | Remember current workpiece coordinate Z value | |
| X-axis security bit | #590 | X-axis security bit (mechanical coordinate) | |
| Workpiece target size | #591 | ||
| Crushing feed | #512 | Crushing feed | |
| Crushing position X | #544 | ||
| Crushing position Z | #545 | ||
| Current workpiece coordinate X | #5001 | Automatic reading | |
| Current workpiece coordinate Z | #5002 | Automatic reading | |
| Current mechanical coordinate X | #5021 | Automatic reading | |
| Current mechanical coordinate Z | #5022 | Automatic reading |
Tool the present embodiment:
1., first to workpiece coordinate, emery wheel is close to surface of the work (as shown in Figure 1), calls O1000 program
O1000
#500=0
#501=0
#502=#5021
#503=#5022
#504=#5001
#505=#5001
#506=#5002
#507=#5002
M02
In O1000 program, current workpiece coordinate is credited to #502, #503, and Current mechanical coordinate is counted #504, in #505, #506, #506, stored in the mechanical coordinate of emery wheel home in #590.
The full-size(d) of measuring workpieces, is input to #505 by him, #506.
2. call O1001 program
O1001
IF[#500EQ0]GOTO10
IF[#500EQ3.0]GOTO40
IF[#500EQ4.0]GOTO50
GOTO100
N10
#502=#504-#505
#503=#506-#507
#548=#548-#502
#549=#549-#503
#544=#544-#502
#545=#545-#503
GOTO91
N40
#544=#504
GOTO90
N50
#545=#506
GOTO90
N90
#501=0
#502=0
#503=0
N91
#504=0
#505=0
#506=0
#507=0
#500=0
M98P1002
N100
M02
O1002
G94
#101=#5021*COS[θ]+#548-#542
#103=#5021/2
#103=#103*SIN[θ]
#102=#5022+#103+#519-#513
G92X#101Z#102
#100=#542/2
#524=#590*COS[θ]+#548-#542
#524=#524+5.0
M99
In O1001 as #500=0, calculate the offset #502 after refreshing coordinate, #503.By #502, #503 stored in #548, #549.New crushing coordinate is calculated in #544 and #545.Then, coordinate system refreshes by call subroutine O1002.And the emery wheel home that calculating makes new advances is stored in #524.
As #500=3 or 4, by crushing coordinate write #548 or #549.
3. call O1002 and O1004 in the beginning of grinding main program
O1004
G94
#101=#5021*COS[θ]+#518-#512+#522
#103=#5021/2
#103=#103*SIN[θ]
#102=#5022+#103+#519-#513
G92X#101Z#102
In order to ensure that workpiece coordinate is refreshed when grinding work piece, before grinding Program, call subroutine O1002 refreshes workpiece coordinate system.In program O1004, amount instrument accumulated error value is added, calculates the workpiece coordinate system made new advances again, by coordinate stored in temporary variable #101, #102 (temporary variable after EP (end of program) by vanishing again.) coordinate just first compensate for by the offset of so last amount instrument before grinding.
4. the call subroutine O1003 when grinding first grade of amount instrument transmits
O1003
G94
#521=#591-#5021
#522=#522+#521
G92X#591Z#5002
Target size is deducted changing coordinates in program O1003 and calculate the value of output instrument compensation stored in #521, and the #522(that added up by #521 measures instrument accumulated compensation value) in.Then workpiece coordinate system is refreshed.Grinding gear afterwards carries out grinding by with new coordinate system, the compensation of the grinding amount of the have also been obtained instrument like this.
Claims (1)
1., based on a coordinate automatic compensating method in angle head cylindrical grinding machine grinding, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
(1) be used as initial value under the value of current workpiece coordinate system being read, be denoted as X
initial value and Z
initial value described initial value is stored in inside a macro-variable, then, to need setting target workpiece coordinate system according to different workpieces, the zero point of described target workpiece coordinate system is consistent with workpiece zero, and workpiece coordinate value is in the coordinate system as setting value, be denoted as X setting value and Z setting value, described setting value is stored in inside macro-variable, goes to subtract described initial value as offset by described setting value, be designated as X
offset 1 , Z
offset 1 ,
X
offset 1 =X
setting value -X
initial value
Z
offset 1 =Z
setting value -Z
initial value
By described offset stored in macro-variable,
When setting up coordinate system at every turn, use the offset X of macro-variable memory
offset 1 , Z
offset 1 as refreshing compensation rate;
The crushing amount of each crushing is accumulated in a macro-variable and stores, as crushing compensation rate, be designated as X
offset 2 , Z
offset 2 , when each start by refreshing compensation rate and crushing compensation rate, recalculating target workpiece coordinate system, automatically generating target workpiece coordinate system;
(2) when each manually setting coordinate system, by the difference of target workpiece coordinate system and current workpiece coordinate system stored in macro-variable, described difference is added with emery wheel diamond coordinate and grinding carriage security bit coordinate respectively, calculates the emery wheel diamond coordinate and grinding carriage security bit coordinate that make new advances;
(3) in first grade of grinding many grades of workpiece, use amount instrument carries out real-time online measuring, when workpiece grinding allowance is zero, amount instrument sends a signal to CNC, utilize this signal, use jump instruction in a program, feed simultaneously terminates, according to the error of workpiece between the coordinate that the X-axis coordinate of target workpiece coordinate system is corresponding with actual size, target workpiece coordinate system is refreshed the target size for workpiece, and the grinding gear set up after new coordinate system will carry out grinding with new coordinate system;
(4) value of described new coordinate system X-axis is deducted the value of the X-axis of target workpiece coordinate system as amount instrument offset, amount instrument offset is each time added up, stored in the amount of being designated as instrument accumulated compensation value in a macro-variable, by target workpiece coordinate value subtracted amount instrument accumulated compensation value before upper once grinding.
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| CN106272071B (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-11-16 | 苏州苏铸成套装备制造有限公司 | A kind of laser sensor application method being exclusively used in numerical control grinding machine |
| JP6464209B2 (en) * | 2017-01-27 | 2019-02-06 | ファナック株式会社 | Numerical controller |
| CN110877237B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2021-06-15 | 辽宁科技大学 | Compensation method based on eccentricity of rotation center of main shaft of grinding machine and rotation center of workpiece |
| CN111604719B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-08-10 | 湖北大学 | Self-adaptive high-efficiency large-grinding-amount longitudinal grinding method for cylindrical grinding |
| CN112692726B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-10-26 | 常州多博特机器人科技股份有限公司 | Casting grinding wheel compensation control method |
| CN114137909B (en) * | 2021-11-27 | 2023-06-16 | 哈尔滨东安汽车动力股份有限公司 | Programming method for hole reference alignment by measuring head for Fanuc system |
| CN115139223B (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2023-09-22 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Method for batch processing of parts by adopting grinding automatic processing unit |
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