CN103658786B - The numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston - Google Patents
The numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston Download PDFInfo
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- CN103658786B CN103658786B CN201310680705.8A CN201310680705A CN103658786B CN 103658786 B CN103658786 B CN 103658786B CN 201310680705 A CN201310680705 A CN 201310680705A CN 103658786 B CN103658786 B CN 103658786B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, comprise the following steps: parameters input, the design size of workpiece and technical requirement are input to digital control system; Digital control system is according to the Selecting parameter cutter of input in step one and calculate cutter rail data, determines C, Z, X tri-cutter rail data of interlock of axle of lathe; By emulation module verification cutter rail data; Set and Positioning; Machining, starts nc program, and driven by motor cutterhead is revolution at a high speed, controls machine tool chief axis simultaneously and drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and does Z axis and X-axis motion, process outer surface of piston by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage.The method adopts milling with whirling cutter processes middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, machine tool motion precision is high, dynamic stability good, be easy to realize the accurate control to process, and do not need the high frequency such as linear electric motors, magnetic telescopic driver respective execution mechanisms, reduce equipment cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the digital control processing field of part, particularly relate to the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston.
Background technology
Piston is the vital part of automobile engine, is also one of worst parts of condition of work in engine.Consider piston own material skewness, be heated and easily produce the factors such as irregular deformation, for ensureing that it presents sub-circular as much as possible under working environment, usually the high speed engine piston under normal temperature is designed to middle-convex and varying ellipse shape: from longitudinal cross-section, it is cydariform; From cross section, be then similar to ellipse.Middle-bulged varying ellipse piston can reduce and friction between casing wall effectively, improves the service life of piston.But the profile of this complexity also brings great difficulty to machining.
At present, the processing of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston many employings copying lathe and lathe in machining two kinds of modes.Pattern working (machining) efficiency is low, second-rate, poor stability when speed is higher, and pattern fabrication cycle is grown and can not be exchanged, and adjustment is complicated, is not easy to the change that enterprise responds rapidly user's request.Along with the development of auto industry, to the machining accuracy of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston and the requirement of working (machining) efficiency more and more higher.Therefore, the system of processing of such non-circular sections part is more prone to adopt Numeric Control Technology.
About the digital control processing of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, mainly adopt turning process, namely adopt special piston lathe in machining.General principle is, main shaft clamp piston blank rotates at a relatively high speed (to keep necessary cutting speed), meanwhile, adjusts tool position in real time, by cutter along main shaft diameter to high-frequency reciprocating move and realize Noncircular machinin.This just needs knife rest servo-drive system to have high frequency sound, Long Distances and high accuracy characteristic.So number of pistons car controlling bed system needs to adopt the straight line executing mechanism of high frequency sound as feed mechanism, as linear electric motors, piezoelectric element, little inertia servomotor and super-magnetostrictive drive etc., adds equipment cost undoubtedly.Even so, when main shaft needs to rotate at a relatively high speed, cutter is still difficult to accurate tracking main shaft angle, poor stability, is difficult to ensure machining accuracy.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention discloses the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, utilize the method can on special lathe or on screw-thread mill bed or with C axle and by milling mode processing middle-bulged varying ellipse piston outer surface on the numerically controlled lathe installing cyclone milling head additional.
For achieving the above object, concrete scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, comprises the following steps:
Step one: parameters input, is input to digital control system by the design size of workpiece and technical requirement;
Step 2: digital control system is according to the Selecting parameter cutter of input in step one and calculate cutter rail data, determines C, Z, X tri-cutter rail data of interlock of axle of lathe;
Step 3: by emulation module verification cutter rail data, interfere when existing, collision phenomenon or mismachining tolerance time, then return step 2, otherwise, send the cutter rail data by verifying to digital control system;
Step 4: Set and Positioning, by trade union college on the machine tool chief axis of lathe, axis of workpiece and machine tool chief axis dead in line, mounting cutter on cutterhead also ensures that point of a knife inscribed circle is coaxial with cutterhead, control cutterhead to move along workpiece spindle to i.e. Z axis and radial direction and X-axis, make cutterhead around workpiece, and carry out aim at tool operation;
Step 5: machining, starts nc program, and driven by motor cutterhead is revolution at a high speed, controls machine tool chief axis simultaneously and drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and does Z axis and X-axis motion, process outer surface of piston by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage.
The lathe of described step 4 comprises machine tool chief axis, on machine tool chief axis, clamping has workpiece, machine tool chief axis is parallel with the cutter axis be arranged on cyclone milling head and apart from adjustable, cutterhead is perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, cutterhead can be installed some can under the driving of motor the pivotal cutter of high speed, the point of a knife incenter of cutter is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and its diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece.
The design size of the piston of described step one comprises diameter, length, horizontal profile molded line, horizontal profile molded line, and technical requirement comprises material, dimensional tolerance, surface roughness.
The quantity of described cutter is 2-8.
The computational process of described cutter rail data is:
(2-1): the math equation first being obtained whole piece molded line by interpolation method or empirical equation:
y
z＝f
1(z)；
Wherein, z is the axial coordinate of arbitrfary point on the longitudinal profile molded line in piston skirt, y
zfor the radial coordinate of this point, f
1the functional relation of both expressions, is shown in Fig. 3.
(2-2): according to design formula or the transverse profiling shape math equation being obtained optional position, piston skirt by interpolation method:
ρ
φ,
z＝f(φ,z)；
Wherein, z is the position of this profile, φ and ρ
φ,
zbe respectively polar angle and the footpath, pole of arbitrfary point on this profile, f represents the functional relation between polar angle and footpath, pole.
(2-3): make φ and z change in given range, according to
Cutter-contact point position (C, Z, X) on calculating processing piston face during any point.
Wherein, C, Z, X are respectively axial, the radial displacement of workpiece rotation and cutter.
The system of processing of the application is made up of lathe, digital control system, lathe is the cyclone milling machine possessing C, Z, X three-shaft linkage function, wherein machine tool chief axis is called Z axis, rotation around Z axis is called C axle, along main shaft diameter to move and be called X-axis, the numerically controlled lathe that C axle can be adopted controlled or numerical control screw thread cyclone milling machine.The feature of this lathe is: machine tool chief axis can holding workpiece rotate around Z axis; The cutterhead of cyclone milling head is perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, and cutter axis is parallel with Z axis and apart from adjustable, and can move along main shaft axis and Z-direction and radial direction and X-direction; Cutterhead can make high speed rotary motion around its gyroaxis and speed is adjustable; Cutterhead can be installed some cutter, the center of circle of point of a knife inscribed circle is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and its diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of piston blank.
Add man-hour, driven by motor cutterhead is revolution at a high speed, forms principal cutting movement, simultaneously, controlling main shaft drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and moves along Z axis and X-axis according to the Changing Pattern of piston face from workpiece one end, process outer surface of piston by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the method adopts milling with whirling cutter processes middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, the rotary motion of workpiece is a kind of feed motion instead of principal cutting movement, therefore workpiece comparatively low velocity can rotate (3-30 rev/min), and cutter is lower along the reciprocating feed motion frequency of workpiece radial direction.Thus machine tool motion precision is high, dynamic stability good, is easy to realize the accurate control to process, and does not need the high frequency such as linear electric motors, magnetic telescopic driver respective execution mechanisms, reduces equipment cost.
2. carry out high-speed cutting by the High Rotation Speed carry its tools of cutterhead, stock-removing efficiency is high.And much knives tool participate in cut, every cutter cutting depth is little, so cutting force is little, cutting stability is good, surface quality and machining accuracy high.
3. X-axis can realize Long Distances back and forth movement easily, and special software for calculation accurately can calculate the cutter rail data of any piston face, thus the flexibility of the method high, adapt to wide, polytype outer surface of piston can be processed.
Due to These characteristics, the present invention effectively can improve the crudy on middle-bulged varying ellipse piston surface, comprises surface quality and machining accuracy, and has the feature such as low cost, high flexibility.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 process principle schematic diagram one;
Fig. 2 process principle schematic diagram two;
Fig. 3 middle-bulged varying ellipse piston skirt section longitudinal profile molded line schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 middle-bulged varying ellipse piston skirt section horizontal profile molded line schematic diagram;
In figure, 1 machine tool chief axis, 2 cutterheads, 3 workpiece, 4 cutters.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail:
As shown in Figure 1-2, workpiece 3 clamping is on machine tool chief axis 1, and the axis of rotation of the cutterhead 2 on cyclone milling head is parallel with machine tool chief axis 1; Cutterhead 2 can be installed some cutter 4 and can at a high speed revolution under the driving of motor; The point of a knife incenter of cutter 4 is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead 2, and its diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece 3.Cutterhead 2 along workpiece spindle to rectilinear motion (Z axis), can accurately control along the rectilinear motion (X-axis) of workpiece radial direction and the corner (C axle) of machine tool chief axis 1.Add man-hour, main shaft 1 drives workpiece 3 to rotate (C is to feeding), and cutterhead 2 realizes principal cutting movement at carry its tools 4 High Rotation Speed, and meanwhile, cutterhead 2, along Z-direction and X to feeding, processes piston face by C, Z, X three-shaft linkage.
Above-mentioned C, Z, X tri-the interlock of axle controlled by the numerical control program worked out in advance.According to the feature of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston curved surface, the tool position (cutter rail data) during three-shaft linkage can adopt following methods to try to achieve:
The design feature of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston is: skirt section cross section is in being similar to elliptical shape, and different in the oval angle value of different skirt eminence, in the vertical in cydariform or camber.Piston middle bulged curve is generally provided by design drawing with empirical equation or list point form.Shaft section position, data point place axial coordinate Z represents, the semi-minor axis in piston ellipsoid cross section represents by Y-coordinate,
As shown in Figure 3, the math equation of whole piece molded line can be obtained by interpolation method or empirical equation
y
z＝f
1(z) （1）
Wherein, z is the axial coordinate of arbitrfary point on the longitudinal profile molded line in piston skirt, y
zfor the radial coordinate of this point, f
1the functional relation of both expressions.
As shown in Figure 4, the horizontal profile of piston skirt is similar to ellipse, and when using polar coordinate representation, on this curve, the footpath, pole of any point is the function of this section two semiaxis a, b and this polar angle φ, is provided by empirical equation or data point.Because major semiaxis a and axial line distance have nothing to do, and semi-minor axis b=y
z, so the footpath, pole of any point can be expressed as
ρ
φ,
z＝f(φ,z) （2）
The designer of piston only provides the horizontal profile of some positions (z coordinate) sometimes, but according to design formula or the horizontal profile that can be obtained optional position, piston skirt by interpolation method, all can be expressed as formula (2) form.So machining piston on the surface any point (is expressed as (φ, z, ρ by circular cylindrical coordinate
φ, z)) time cutter-contact point position (C, Z, X) by following formula calculate, suppose that lathe coordinate system is consistent with workpiece coordinate system in Fig. 4,
In order to realize the digital control processing of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, cyclone milling head is arranged on machine tool dragging plate or other correct position and makes its cutterhead perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, and namely cutter axis is parallel with Z axis and apart from adjustable; Cyclone milling head under the drive of machine tool dragging plate can along workpiece spindle to and radial motion; Be arranged on the cutterhead on cyclone milling head and can make high speed rotary motion (speed is adjustable) around its gyroaxis under the drive of motor; Cutterhead can be installed some cutter, be generally 2-8 handle, make the center of circle of point of a knife inscribed circle on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and its diameter be greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece.
In order to realize the accurate interlock of C, Z, X-axis, above-mentioned lathe need be equipped with digital control system.
According to above-mentioned principle and implementation method, the specific implementation step of the digital control processing of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston is as follows:
Step one, parameters input.Software for calculation obtains design size (as diameter, length, horizontal profile molded line, horizontal profile molded line etc.) and the technical requirement (as material, dimensional tolerance, surface roughness etc.) of piston;
Step 2, cutter rail calculates.Select cutter by software for calculation and calculate cutter path, generating the numerical control code adapted with concrete Digit Control Machine Tool;
Step 3, realistically displayed.By emulation module verification cutter rail data or numerical control code.If there is the phenomenons such as interference, collision or have larger mismachining tolerance, then return step 2, otherwise, the cutter rail data by verifying or numerical control code are transmitted the digital control system of lathe;
Step 4, Set and Positioning.By piston blank and trade union college on machine tool chief axis, axis of workpiece overlaps with main-shaft axis, mounting cutter on cutterhead also ensures that point of a knife inscribed circle is coaxial with cutterhead, then Non-follow control cutterhead is along workpiece spindle to (Z axis) and radial (X-axis) motion, make cutterhead around workpiece, and carry out aim at tool operation;
Step 5, machining.Start nc program, driven by motor cutterhead is revolution at a high speed, controls main shaft simultaneously and drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and does Z axis and X-axis motion, process outer surface of piston by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage.
Claims (5)
1. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one: parameters input, is input to digital control system by the design size of workpiece and technical requirement;
Step 2: digital control system is according to the Selecting parameter cutter of input in step one and calculate cutter rail data, determines C, Z, X tri-cutter rail data of interlock of axle of lathe;
Step 3: by emulation module verification cutter rail data, interfere when existing, collision phenomenon or mismachining tolerance time, then return step 2, otherwise, the digital control system of lathe will be transmitted by the cutter rail data of verification;
Step 4: Set and Positioning, by trade union college on the machine tool chief axis of lathe, axis of workpiece and machine tool chief axis dead in line, mounting cutter on cutterhead also ensures that point of a knife inscribed circle is coaxial with cutterhead, control cutterhead to move along workpiece spindle to i.e. Z axis and radial direction and X-axis, make cutterhead around workpiece, and carry out aim at tool operation;
Step 5: machining, starts nc program, and driven by motor cutterhead is revolution at a high speed, controls machine tool chief axis simultaneously and drives workpiece to do the motion of C axle, controls cutterhead and does Z axis and X-axis motion, process outer surface of piston by C, X, Z three-shaft linkage.
2. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the design size of the piston of described step one comprises diameter, length, horizontal profile molded line, and technical requirement comprises material, dimensional tolerance, surface roughness.
3. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the lathe of described step 4 comprises machine tool chief axis, on machine tool chief axis, clamping has workpiece, machine tool chief axis is parallel with the cutter axis be arranged on cyclone milling head and apart from adjustable, cutterhead is perpendicular to machine tool chief axis, cutterhead can be installed some can under the driving of motor the pivotal cutter of high speed, the point of a knife incenter of cutter is on the axis of rotation of cutterhead, and point of a knife inscribed circle diameter is greater than the maximum gauge of workpiece.
4. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the quantity of described cutter is 2-8.
5. the numerical-control cyclone milling method of middle-bulged varying ellipse piston as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the computational process of described cutter rail data is:
(2-1): the math equation first being obtained whole piece molded line by interpolation method or empirical equation:
y
z＝f
1(z)；
Wherein, z is the axial coordinate of arbitrfary point on the longitudinal profile molded line in piston skirt, y
zfor the radial coordinate of this point, f
1the functional relation of both expressions;
(2-2): according to design formula or the transverse profiling shape math equation being obtained optional position, piston skirt by interpolation method:
ρ
φ,z＝f(φ,z)；
Wherein, z is the position of this profile, φ and ρ
φ, zbe respectively polar angle and the footpath, pole of arbitrfary point on this profile, f represents the functional relation between polar angle and footpath, pole;
(2-3): make φ and z change in given range, according to
Cutter-contact point position (C, Z, X) on calculating processing piston face during any point,
Wherein, C, Z, X are respectively axial, the radial displacement of workpiece rotation and cutter.
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| CN105252232B (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2017-10-17 | 山东大学 | A kind of method for processing steam turbine blade blade curved surface |
| CN107020392B (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2020-12-08 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Method for processing convex variable elliptic curve |
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| US4573840A (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1986-03-04 | Lamb Technicon Corp. | Piston counterboring machine |
| CN1126851A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-07-17 | 西安百科实业公司 | Numerically controlled tool carriage for machining piston and its control method |
| CN101543902A (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2009-09-30 | 南京彩云机械电子制造有限公司 | Workpiece non-rotating excircle machining mechanism |
| CN201644882U (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-11-24 | 江苏环洋组合机床有限公司 | Piston ring parallel opening milling mechanism of piston ring horizontal profiling and turning combined machine tool |
| CN102039440A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-05-04 | 大连交通大学 | Whirlwind milling machine for chamfering of large bar |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61214907A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1986-09-24 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | Piston combustion chamber forming method for diesel engine |
| JPS63278709A (en) * | 1987-05-08 | 1988-11-16 | Hiroshi Niiyama | Pickup type free size hole cutter |
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2013
- 2013-12-12 CN CN201310680705.8A patent/CN103658786B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4573840A (en) * | 1984-04-02 | 1986-03-04 | Lamb Technicon Corp. | Piston counterboring machine |
| CN1126851A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1996-07-17 | 西安百科实业公司 | Numerically controlled tool carriage for machining piston and its control method |
| CN101543902A (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2009-09-30 | 南京彩云机械电子制造有限公司 | Workpiece non-rotating excircle machining mechanism |
| CN201644882U (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2010-11-24 | 江苏环洋组合机床有限公司 | Piston ring parallel opening milling mechanism of piston ring horizontal profiling and turning combined machine tool |
| CN102039440A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-05-04 | 大连交通大学 | Whirlwind milling machine for chamfering of large bar |
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