CN103658650A - Method for improving compactness of part formed in metal drop print-on-demand deposition mode - Google Patents
Method for improving compactness of part formed in metal drop print-on-demand deposition mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103658650A CN103658650A CN201310721955.1A CN201310721955A CN103658650A CN 103658650 A CN103658650 A CN 103658650A CN 201310721955 A CN201310721955 A CN 201310721955A CN 103658650 A CN103658650 A CN 103658650A
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for improving the compactness of a part formed in a metal drop print-on-demand deposition mode. A single-line metal drop deposition forming process and a three-dimensional part layer-by-layer accumulation forming process are adopted in the method. The method includes the steps that firstly, a three-dimensional model of the part to be formed is designed through computer software; then, the model of the part is subjected to hierarchy discretization in the z-axis direction, three-dimensional data information of the data is converted into a series of two-dimensional hierarchical surface data information, and united numerical control codes containing molten drop jet control information and deposition path information are generated according to the outline geometrical characteristics of each hierarchical surface; coordination control over jet of molten drops and movement of a three-dimensional substrate is carried out by a forming system according to the united numerical control codes so that the molten drops can be accumulated on the substrate point by point and layer by layer according to a forming path and manufacturing of the three-dimensional part can be achieved at last. By means of the forming method, a complicated three-dimensional metal structure can be directly formed without a special mould or expensive equipment; the method has the advantages of low cost, high forming efficiency, numerous material sources, flexibility, low energy consumption, non-pollution and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing technology of metal drop jet printing shaping 3 d part, particularly a kind ofly improve the method that metal drop prints on demand deposition formation part density.
Background technology
Metal drop jet printing deposition formation technology is to have merged rapid prototyping technology and molten drop need based jet technology, take the method for a kind of direct manufacture metal parts that " part model discrete-material successively pile up " be shaping thought.Its principle is: first utilize computer software design to go out the three-dimensional stereo model of part to be formed; Then along z direction of principal axis, part model is carried out to layering discrete processes, the three-dimensional data information of part is converted to a series of two-dimentional aspect data messages, and according to the profile geometric properties of each aspect, generate and comprise molten drop and spray and control and the associating numerical control code of deposition path information; Formation system, according to associating numerical control code, coordinate to be controlled the injection of molten drop and the motion of three-dimensional substrate, make molten drop on substrate according to the pointwise of shaping track, successively pile up, finally realize the manufacture of 3 d part.This forming technique is without special mould and expensive device, can direct forming complex three-dimensional metal structure, have that cost is low, forming efficiency is high, material source scope is wide, flexibility, energy consumption is low and the advantage such as pollution-free, in fields such as minute vehicle, Micro Electro Mechanical System, miniature weapon system equipments, has good application prospect.
The process of metal drop deposition formation part is that MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC increases, and thermal source is by the local moment input of certain track while scan, and with the complex process of the rapid solidification of molten drop, local remelting and non-isochronism phase transformation.The molten drop of deposited adjacent overlap joint is at combination interface place, and the heat that after relying on, deposition molten drop carries makes the surface that has previously deposited molten drop that local remelting occur, and realizes combination to each other, and then the whole 3 d part that is shaped.Owing to relating to the impact of factors when the formation of parts, on the one hand, between the molten drop of adjacent position deposition, because deposition steps is improper apart from, overlapping rate and depositing temperature etc., formation of parts inside is easy to occur the defects such as hole and cold shut; On the other hand, due to the part input of heat and the local remelting of deposition materials, cause part temperature distributing disproportionation even, in layer, interlayer can produce thermal stress, is easy to cause formation of parts to produce micro-crack and buckling deformation.These all make formation of parts be difficult to reach complete densification, greatly reduce the serviceability of part.How to improve the problem of part forming density, become the major reason of restriction metal drop drop-on-demand deposition forming technique development.
Document " Remelting and coalescence of molten metal droplets deposited on a plate, ASME Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference2004:1-6. " take Sn60/Pb40 alloy as test material, molten drop pointwise deposition lines process is studied, introduced and a kind ofly by coordination, controlled molten drop injection frequency and deposition substrate movement velocity and realize the method that molten drop deposition steps distance and overlapping rate are controlled, and analyzed the lines deposition results under different molten drop overlapping rates, the entity lines of continuous densification have tentatively been obtained.Document " Experiments on Remelting and Solidification of Molten Metal Droplets Deposited in Vertical Columns.Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering2007 (129): 311-318. " be take Sn60/Pb40 alloy as test material, molten drop pointwise deposition column process is studied, analyzed the impact of depositing temperature on molten drop remelting combination, proposed by rationally controlling depositing temperature, realize deposited adjacent molten drop and at combination interface place, obtain the method for good remelting bonding state, obtained the column of continuous densification.But above-mentioned document just for low melting point Sn60/Pb40 alloy molten drop, deposits simple lines and column process is studied, and be all the one-sided impact of considering a technological parameter, and the problem of how effectively controlling for formation of parts density in metal drop deposition formation 3 d part process not yet can solve at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above that exist in Metal Melting deposition formation 3 d part, propose a kind of passing through and rationally control scanning strategy between molten drop deposition steps distance, depositing temperature and optimization layer, and then improve the method for metal drop deposition formation part density.
In order to reach above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved: a kind of metal drop method of deposition formation part density as required that improves, comprise successively stack shaping method of single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation method and 3 d part, wherein:
Described single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation method comprises the steps:
(1) set basic technology parameter: ambient oxygen content O
c, molten drop diameter D, molten drop initial temperature T
d, molten drop deposition frequency f, deposition distance h;
(2) under the basic technology parameter of setting, adopt respectively different deposition substrate temperature T
b(T
b-1, T
b-2... T
b-n) carry out the sedimentation experiment of single molten drop, observe molten drop post-depositional form on substrate, and measure each substrate temperature T
bafter lower molten drop solidifies, solidify angle θ, draw deposition substrate temperature T
bmolten drop is solidified to the rule that affects of angle θ, the numerical relation of setting up is between the two:
θ=A+B
1T
b+B
2T
b 2+B
3T
b 3(T
b-1<T
b<T
b-n) (1)
(3) computation model of deposition steps distance while setting up two the best overlap joint of molten drops acquisition fusion states according to adjacent two molten drops overlap joint fusion mechanism and mass conservation law, the computing formula of deriving the optimum deposition steps distance of molten drop is:
Draw: W
optimonly with molten drop diameter D and after solidifying to solidify angle θ relevant;
(4), according to the computing formula (1) and (2) that draw in step (2) and step (3), calculate the deposition substrate temperature T of setting
b-i(i represents: 1......n) lower corresponding optimum deposition steps is apart from W
optim-i(i represents: 1......n);
(5) according to the W calculating in step (4)
optim-i, under the basic technology parameter of setting, adopt different deposition substrate temperature T
b(T
b-1, T
b-2... T
b-n) and corresponding optimum deposition steps apart from W
optim-i(i represents: 1......n), carry out the test of single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation, contrast deposition test result, draws deposition substrate temperature (T when molten drop acquisition best overlap joint fusion state and shaping lines obtain best quality
b) and deposition steps distance (W
optim);
Described 3 d part successively stack shaping method comprises the steps:
(1) set basic technology parameter: ambient oxygen content O
c, molten drop diameter D, molten drop initial temperature T
d, molten drop deposition frequency f, deposition distance h;
(2) according to the drawn result of the test of step (5) in the test of single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation, set optimum deposition substrate temperature (T
b) and deposition steps distance (W
optim);
(3) according to 3 d part, divide the information of the aspect outline data after layer scattering, adopt raster scanning trajectory model to fill the entity area in each aspect, and according to the optimum deposition steps distance (W setting
optim), generate and comprise the associating numerical control file that metal drop sprays control information and three-dimensional deposition substrate motion track information;
(4) according to the numerical control file generating in step (3), formation system reads in the shaping data message of first aspect, by coordination, control the injection of metal drop and the motion of three-dimensional deposition substrate, make metal drop according to raster scanning track pointwise deposition in x-y plane, first aspect is shaped;
(5) height of an aspect of deposition substrate decline, formation system reads in the shaping data message of second aspect, and adjust the direction of metal drop raster scanning track, the angle that makes adjacent two layers raster scanning course bearing is 90 °, by coordination, control the injection of metal drop and the motion of three-dimensional deposition substrate, make metal drop according to the pointwise deposition in x-y plane of the raster scanning track after adjusting, second aspect is shaped;
(6) repeating step (4) and (5), formation system successively reads in the shaping data message of follow-up each aspect, layer by layer deposition, 3 d part is to the last shaped;
(7) after part forming finishes, examine under a microscope inside parts Cross Section Morphology, and measure the density of formation of parts.
Beneficial effect, this forming technique is without special mould and expensive device, can direct forming complex three-dimensional metal structure, have that cost is low, forming efficiency is high, material source scope is wide, flexibility, energy consumption is low and the advantage such as pollution-free, in fields such as minute vehicle, Micro Electro Mechanical System, miniature weapon system equipments, has good application prospect.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is elaborated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is metal drop drop-on-demand deposition forming technique schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is molten drop post-depositional form in different deposition substrate temperature;
Fig. 3 is the post-depositional relation curve solidifying between angle and deposition substrate temperature of molten drop;
Fig. 4 two is computation models of molten drop deposition steps distance while obtaining best overlap joint fusion state;
Fig. 5 is the single metal wire bar photo of different substrate temperature and the lower shaping of molten drop deposition steps distance;
Fig. 6 is interlayer quadrature mixed sweep deposition principle schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is that under two kinds of distinct methods, deposition formation obtains part photo schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, to of the present invention, explain the most in more detail:
Embodiment 1.7075Al alloy molten drop deposition formation list thread test
(1) setting basic technology parameter is: ambient oxygen content is O
c=25PPM, molten drop diameter is D=1mm, molten drop initial temperature is T
d=700 ℃, molten drop deposition frequency f=1Hz, deposition distance h=5mm;
(2) under the basic technology parameter of setting, adopt respectively different substrate temperature T
b(200 ℃, 250 ℃, 300 ℃, 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃ and 600 ℃) carry out the sedimentation experiment of single molten drop, observe molten drop post-depositional form on substrate, and measure each substrate temperature T
bafter lower molten drop solidifies, solidify angle θ (as shown in Figure 2), draw substrate temperature T
bwhat molten drop was solidified to angle θ affects rule (as shown in Figure 3), and the numerical relation of setting up is between the two:
θ=289.75-1.04T
b+0.00168T
b 2-9.13×10
-7T
b 3(200℃<T
b<600℃) (3)
(3) computation model (as shown in Figure 4) of deposition steps distance while setting up two the best overlap joint of molten drops acquisition fusion states according to adjacent two molten drops overlap joint fusion mechanism and mass conservation law, the computing formula of deriving the optimum deposition steps distance of molten drop is:
(4), according to the computing formula (1) and (2) that draw in step (2) and step (3), calculate the substrate temperature T setting
b=400 ℃, the optimum deposition steps of lower correspondence is apart from W
optim=0.864mm;
(5), according to the result calculating in step (4), under the basic technology parameter of setting, adopt different deposition substrate temperature T
b(200 ℃, 300 ℃, 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃ and 600 ℃) and corresponding optimum deposition steps are apart from W
optim(0.692mm, 0.787mm, 0.831mm, 0.864mm, 0.888mm, 0.903mm, 0.911mm and 0.915mm), carries out the test of single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation, and contrast deposition test result (as shown in Figure 5), can find out at T
b=200 ℃, 300 ℃, when 350 ℃ and 400 ℃, along with the remelting bonding state between the rising molten drop of temperature is strengthening, but the lines surface undulation now depositing is more obvious; Work as T
bwhen=450 ℃ and 500 ℃, obtain best remelting bonding state between molten drop, the lines surface depositing is more smooth; Find too high substrate temperature simultaneously and be not suitable for, working as T
bcan not rapid solidification after molten drop deposition when=550 ℃ and 600 ℃, in longer a period of time, in liquid state, it is excessive that molten drop is sprawled diameter, and the lines of shaping are more slightly difficult to keep form.So suitable deposition substrate temperature is: work as T
b=450 ℃ and 500 ℃; Deposition steps is apart from being: W
optim=0.888mm and 0.903mm.
The successively stack shaping 3 d part test of embodiment 2.7075Al alloy molten drop
(1) setting basic technology parameter is: ambient oxygen content is O
c=25PPM, molten drop diameter is D=1mm, molten drop initial temperature is T
d=700 ℃, molten drop deposition frequency f=1Hz, deposition distance h=5mm;
(2) result of the test drawing according to example 1.7075Al alloy molten drop deposition formation list thread test, sets deposition substrate temperature (T
b=450) and deposition steps apart from (W
optim=0.888mm);
(3) according to 3 d part, divide the information of the aspect outline data after layer scattering, adopt raster scanning trajectory model to fill the entity area in each aspect, and according to the optimum deposition steps distance (W setting
optim), generate and comprise the associating numerical control code that metal drop sprays control information and three-dimensional deposition substrate motion track information;
(4) according to the numerical control code generating in step (3), formation system reads in the shaping data message of first aspect, by coordination, control the injection of metal drop and the motion of three-dimensional deposition substrate, make metal drop according to raster scanning track (as shown in Fig. 6-a) pointwise deposition in x-y plane, first aspect is shaped;
(5) height of an aspect of deposition substrate decline, formation system reads in the shaping data message of second aspect, and adjust the direction of metal drop raster scanning track, the angle that makes adjacent two layers raster scanning course bearing is 90 ° (as shown in Fig. 6-b), by coordination, control the injection of metal drop and the motion of three-dimensional deposition substrate, make metal drop according to the pointwise deposition in x-y plane of the raster scanning track after adjusting, second aspect is shaped;
(6) repeating step (4) and (5), formation system successively reads in the shaping data message of follow-up each aspect, layer by layer deposition, the 3 d part that is to the last shaped (as shown in Fig. 7 (b));
(7) after part forming finishes, examine under a microscope inside parts Cross Section Morphology (as shown in Fig. 7 (b)), the density of measuring formation of parts is about 98%; And contrast with the part that does not adopt this method deposition formation to go out (as shown in Fig. 7 (a)), verified that this method can significantly improve the density that metal drop prints on demand deposition formation part.
Metal drop jet printing deposition formation technology is to have merged rapid prototyping technology and molten drop need based jet technology, take the method for a kind of direct manufacture metal parts that " part model discrete-material successively pile up " be shaping thought.Its principle is: first utilize computer software design to go out the three-dimensional stereo model of part to be formed; Then along z direction of principal axis, part model is carried out to layering discrete processes, the three-dimensional data information of part is converted to a series of two-dimentional aspect data messages, and according to the profile geometric properties of each aspect, generate and comprise molten drop and spray and control and the associating numerical control code of deposition path information; Formation system, according to associating numerical control code, coordinate to be controlled the injection of molten drop and the motion of three-dimensional substrate, make molten drop on substrate according to the pointwise of shaping track, successively pile up, finally realize the manufacture of 3 d part.This forming technique is without special mould and expensive device, can direct forming complex three-dimensional metal structure, have that cost is low, forming efficiency is high, material source scope is wide, flexibility, energy consumption is low and the advantage such as pollution-free, in fields such as minute vehicle, Micro Electro Mechanical System, miniature weapon system equipments, has good application prospect.
Claims (1)
1. improve the method that metal drop prints on demand deposition formation part density, it is characterized in that,
Comprise successively stack shaping method of single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation method and 3 d part, wherein:
Described single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation method comprises the steps:
(1) set basic technology parameter: ambient oxygen content O
c, molten drop diameter D, molten drop initial temperature T
d, molten drop deposition frequency f, deposition distance h;
(2) under the basic technology parameter of setting, adopt respectively different deposition substrate temperature T
b(T
b-1, T
b-2... T
b-n) carry out the sedimentation experiment of single molten drop, observe molten drop post-depositional form on substrate, and measure each substrate temperature T
bafter lower molten drop solidifies, solidify angle θ, draw deposition substrate temperature T
bmolten drop is solidified to the rule that affects of angle θ, the numerical relation of setting up is between the two:
θ=A+B
1T
b+B
2T
b 2+B
3T
b 3(T
b-1＜T
b＜T
b-n) (1)
(3) computation model of deposition steps distance while setting up two the best overlap joint of molten drops acquisition fusion states according to adjacent two molten drops overlap joint fusion mechanism and mass conservation law, the computing formula of deriving the optimum deposition steps distance of molten drop is:
Draw: W
optimonly with molten drop diameter D and after solidifying to solidify angle θ relevant;
(4), according to the computing formula (1) and (2) that draw in step (2) and step (3), calculate the deposition substrate temperature T of setting
b-i(i represents: 1......n) lower corresponding optimum deposition steps is apart from W
optim-i(i represents: 1......n);
(5) according to the W calculating in step (4)
optim-i, under the basic technology parameter of setting, adopt different deposition substrate temperature T
b(T
b-1, T
b-2... T
b-n) and corresponding optimum deposition steps apart from W
optim-i(i represents: 1......n), carry out the test of single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation, contrast deposition test result, draws deposition substrate temperature (T when molten drop acquisition best overlap joint fusion state and shaping lines obtain best quality
b) and deposition steps distance (W
optim);
Described 3 d part successively stack shaping method comprises the steps:
(1) set basic technology parameter: ambient oxygen content O
c, molten drop diameter D, molten drop initial temperature T
d, molten drop deposition frequency f, deposition distance h;
(2) according to the drawn result of the test of step (5) in the test of single line strip metal molten drop deposition formation, set optimum deposition substrate temperature (T
b) and deposition steps distance (W
optim);
(3) according to 3 d part, divide the information of the aspect outline data after layer scattering, adopt raster scanning trajectory model to fill the entity area in each aspect, and according to the optimum deposition steps distance (W setting
optim), generate and comprise the associating numerical control file that metal drop sprays control information and three-dimensional deposition substrate motion track information;
(4) according to the numerical control file generating in step (3), formation system reads in the shaping data message of first aspect, by coordination, control the injection of metal drop and the motion of three-dimensional deposition substrate, make metal drop according to raster scanning track pointwise deposition in x-y plane, first aspect is shaped;
(5) height of an aspect of deposition substrate decline, formation system reads in the shaping data message of second aspect, and adjust the direction of metal drop raster scanning track, the angle that makes adjacent two layers raster scanning course bearing is 90 °, by coordination, control the injection of metal drop and the motion of three-dimensional deposition substrate, make metal drop according to the pointwise deposition in x-y plane of the raster scanning track after adjusting, second aspect is shaped;
(6) repeating step (4) and (5), formation system successively reads in the shaping data message of follow-up each aspect, layer by layer deposition, 3 d part is to the last shaped;
(7) after part forming finishes, examine under a microscope inside parts Cross Section Morphology, and measure the density of formation of parts.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104043832A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-17 | 西安交通大学 | Device for controlling metal additive molding surface quality |
| CN104096840A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-15 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for improving metal droplet deposition accuracy and efficiency by graphite snap rings |
| CN105081325A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 许昌学院 | Surface quality control device for three-dimensional (3D) part formed through metal drop printing and control method of surface quality control device |
| CN106270518A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-01-04 | 梁福鹏 | A kind of drop formation method for metal 3 D-printing |
| CN106735222A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-05-31 | 西北工业大学 | Homogeneous metal droplet selects domain to select to deposition 3D printing method |
| CN107127345A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-05 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of the metal microlayer model manufacture device and method of gas phase auxiliary |
| CN108907201A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-30 | 西北工业大学 | The method of homogeneous metal drop print circuit |
| CN109047769A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-12-21 | 北京航科精机科技有限公司 | The method of metal parts increasing material precise forming |
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| CN104043832B (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2016-06-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of device controlling metal increasing material forming surface quality |
| CN104043832A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-17 | 西安交通大学 | Device for controlling metal additive molding surface quality |
| CN104096840A (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2014-10-15 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for improving metal droplet deposition accuracy and efficiency by graphite snap rings |
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| CN105081325A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 许昌学院 | Surface quality control device for three-dimensional (3D) part formed through metal drop printing and control method of surface quality control device |
| CN106270518B (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2019-03-12 | 南京钛陶智能系统有限责任公司 | A kind of drop formation method for metal 3 D-printing |
| CN106270518A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-01-04 | 梁福鹏 | A kind of drop formation method for metal 3 D-printing |
| CN106735222A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-05-31 | 西北工业大学 | Homogeneous metal droplet selects domain to select to deposition 3D printing method |
| CN106735222B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2019-01-08 | 西北工业大学 | Homogeneous metal droplet selects domain to select to deposition 3D printing method |
| CN107127345A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-09-05 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of the metal microlayer model manufacture device and method of gas phase auxiliary |
| CN107127345B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-05-03 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of the metal microlayer model manufacturing device and method of gas phase auxiliary |
| CN108907201A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-30 | 西北工业大学 | The method of homogeneous metal drop print circuit |
| CN108907201B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-05-18 | 西北工业大学 | Method of uniform metal droplet printing circuit |
| CN109047769A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2018-12-21 | 北京航科精机科技有限公司 | The method of metal parts increasing material precise forming |
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