CN103650286A - 包含电源、可再生能源以及电力转换器的电力管理系统 - Google Patents

包含电源、可再生能源以及电力转换器的电力管理系统 Download PDF

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CN103650286A
CN103650286A CN201280030009.6A CN201280030009A CN103650286A CN 103650286 A CN103650286 A CN 103650286A CN 201280030009 A CN201280030009 A CN 201280030009A CN 103650286 A CN103650286 A CN 103650286A
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power converter
contactor
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A.P.巴劳纳
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Schneider Toshiba Inverter Europe SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/12—Remote or cooperative charging

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电能管理系统，其包含：电源；可再生能源；电力转换器；安排成将电力转换器的输入端与电源或与可再生能源连接的第一选择装置；安排成将电力转换器的输出端与电源或与储存电能的系统连接的第二选择装置；以及按照预先建立的操作规则操作的使第一选择装置和第二选择装置同步的装置。

Description

包含电源、可再生能源以及电力转换器的电力管理系统
技术领域
本发明涉及包含像例如配电网络那样的供电源、像例如光伏板那样的可再生能源、电力转换器、和像例如电动汽车的蓄电池那样的电能储蓄系统的电能管理系统。
背景技术
在与所谓的传统供电源，即，配电网络、和像光伏板那样的可再生能源两者连接、和配有对电动汽车再充电的终端的住宅中，需要第一转换器转换光伏板提供的电能以便将其注入配电网络中，需要第二转换器转换源自配电网络的电能以便对插入适当电插座中的电动汽车的蓄电池再充电。将两种不同转换器用于完成两种功能被证明是特别麻烦的解决方案。此外，必须将两个转换器专门配置成实现它们的功能。
因此，本发明的目的是提出可以管理像例如配电网络那样的传统供电源、像例如光伏板那样的可再生能源、和像例如电动汽车的蓄电池那样的能量储蓄系统之间的电力分配的控制系统，所述控制系统根据标准部件是简单的、可靠的、小型的和可实现的。
发明内容
这个目的通过包含如下的电能管理系统来实现：
-供电源；
-可再生能源；以及
-电力转换器，其包含输入端、与所述输入端连接的整流器模块、与该整流器模块连接的DC供应总线(supply bus)、与该DC供应总线连接的逆变器模块、和与该逆变器模块连接的输出端，
其特征在于：
-该供电源和该可再生能源并行地与该电力转换器的输入端连接；
-该系统包含第一选择装置，其被设计成将该电力转换器的输入端与该供电源或与该可再生能源连接；
-该系统包含第二选择装置，其被设计成将该电力转换器的输出端与该供电源或与电能储蓄系统连接；以及
-该系统包含按照预先建立的操作规则操作的使第一选择装置和第二选择装置同步的装置。
按照一个特定特征，该第一选择装置包含第一接触器，该第二选择装置包含第二接触器。
有利地，该系统包含与转换器的输出端和与第二接触器连接的输出滤波器。
有利地，该系统包含与第一接触器连接的变压器和与该变压器和与该供电源连接的输入滤波器。
有利地，该系统包含连接在整流器模块与DC供应总线之间的“升压”型的转换器。
按照本发明，该供电源是配电网络。
按照本发明，该可再生能源由光伏板或至少一台风力涡轮机组成。
按照本发明，该能量储蓄系统由电动汽车的蓄电池组成。
附图说明
通过参照举例给出和用附图表示的实施例，可以从如下的详细描述中明显地看出本发明的其他特征和优点，在附图中，图1代表按照本发明的能量管理系统。
具体实施方式
本发明的电能管理系统包含传统供电源，例如，配电网络R、和可再生能源，例如，光伏板PV或风力涡轮机，使得可以在配有电插座的住宅中提供各种操作配置，电插座旨在与像，例如，电动汽车VE的蓄电池那样的电能储蓄系统连接。
在随后的描述中，将认为供电源是配电网络R，可再生能源由光伏板PV组成，以及电能储蓄系统由电动汽车VE的蓄电池形成。根据这些各种成分，各种操作配置如下：
-配电网络R可以与电动汽车VE的蓄电池连接以便对它们再充电；
-光伏板PV可以与配电网络R连接以便将产生的电能再注入到电网上；
-光伏板PV可以与电动汽车VE的蓄电池连接以便对它们再充电。
这三种操作配置可以通过本发明的电能管理系统获得。于是本发明的电能管理系统包含用于管理源于电网或光伏板的电动汽车的蓄电池的充电或再注入光伏板提供的能量两者的公用电力转换器。因此以如下模式应用电力转换器：
-当应用光伏板或配电网络对电动汽车的蓄电池充电时，以充电模式；或者
-当光伏板PV将产生的电能再注入配电网络R中时，以能量再生模式。
在默认情况下，系统处在，例如，配电网络与对电动汽车再充电的电插座连接、以便当插入汽车时对它的蓄电池再充电的充电模式下。
参考图1，电力转换器包含：
-包含至少两条输入线In1、In2的输入端；
-与输入端连接和旨在整流AC电压的整流器模块12。这个整流器模块12有利地使用比晶闸管更经济和更可靠的二极管。可以滤波这个整流电压以获取DC电压。
-与整流器模块连接以及由正极线10和负极线11组成的DC供应总线，可以将DC电压施加在这些线上。
-习惯用于保持DC供应总线的电压Vdc恒定的总线电容器Cb。这个总线电容器Cb连接在总线的正极线10和负极线11之间。
-连接在DC供应总线的输出端上的逆变器模块13。在充电模式下，逆变器模块13完成同步“降压”转换器的功能，使得可以在电流源模式下控制电动汽车VE的储蓄系统的充电。在能量再生模式下，将逆变器模块13用作有源整流器，使得可以将光伏板PV产生的电能再注入到配电网络R中。于是逆变器模块13包含通过脉冲宽度调制（PWM）施加命令的安装在每相上的电力断路器130。这些断路器是受进行PWM的控制单元控制、例如，IGBT型的功率晶体管。在图1中，逆变器模块13包含两条开关臂，每条开关臂都配有串联在DC供应总线的正极线和负极线之间的两个功率晶体管130。
-与逆变器模块连接和由至少两条输出线Out1、Out2组成的输出端，每条输出线Out1、Out2与在逆变器模块13的每条开关臂上形成的中点连接。
本发明的系统还包含第一选择装置，其与电力转换器的输入端连接和旨在将电力转换器的输入端与光伏板PV或与配电网络R连接。
该系统还包括第二选择装置，其与电力转换器的输出端连接和旨在将电力转换器的输出端与配电网络R或与电动汽车VE的蓄电池连接。
有利地，第一选择装置包含受第一控制信号控制的第一机电接触器Ct1，第二选择装置包含受第二控制信号控制的第二机电接触器Ct2，第二控制信号按照例如存储在控制单元UC中和为了获得各种上述操作配置而选择的预先建立操作规则与第一控制信号同步。第一接触器Ct1包含与光伏板PV连接的两个第一输入端e1、和与配电网络R连接的两个第二输入端e2。第一接触器Ct1包含与电力转换器的两条输入线In1、In2连接的两个输出端s1。第二接触器Ct2包含与电力转换器的两条输出线Out1、Out2连接的两个输入端e10、旨在当插入电动汽车VE时与电动汽车VE的蓄电池连接的两个第一输出端s10、和与配电网络R连接的两个第二输出端s20。
有利地，该电能管理系统还包含由两个电感器L1、L2和电容器C1组成的输出滤波器14，两个电感器L1、L2的每一个一方面与电力转换器的输出线Out1、Out2连接，另一方面与第二接触器Ct2的不同输入端e10连接，电容器C1一方面与第二接触器Ct2的第一输出端s10连接，另一方面与DC供应总线的负极线11连接。在充电模式下，将由两个电感器L1、L2和电容器组成的输出滤波器与逆变器模块一道用于形成同步“降压”型的转换器。在能量再生模式下，输出滤波器14的两个电感器L1、L2用作“升压”型的电感器。
有利地，该电能管理系统还包含变压器15和EMC（电磁兼容）滤波器16，变压器15的次级与第一接触器Ct1的两个第二输入端e2连接，EMC滤波器16一方面与所述变压器15的初级连接，另一方面与配电网络R连接。变压器15用于进行电力转换器与配电网络R的电流隔离。应用和评估EMC滤波器16以便达到与电磁兼容性有关的标准。
有利地，本发明的电能管理系统包含由开关臂和电感器组成的“升压”型的转换器17，该开关臂与DC供应总线的两条供电线10、11连接，该电感器一方面与所述开关臂的中点连接，另一方面与DC供应总线的供电线串联。“升压”转换器的开关臂将能够是应用在标准变速驱动器中、具有三相输出的逆变器模块的开关臂之一。“升压”型的转换器17具有双重功能。在能量再生模式下，可以提高DC供应总线上的电压。在充电模式下，形成电流源以便减少输入电流的谐波。
上述操作规则，例如，如下：
-如果电动汽车VE被插入旨在对它的蓄电池再充电的插座中以及如果凭借光伏板PV产生的电能量足够，则将电动汽车VE的蓄电池与光伏板PV连接。控制单元UC以这样的方式控制第一接触器Ct1，那就是接着将它的两个第一输入端e1与它的两个输出端s1连接，以及控制单元UC以这样的方式控制第二接触器Ct2，那就是将它的两个输入端e10与它的两个第一输出端s10连接。
-如果电动汽车VE被插入旨在对它的蓄电池再充电的插座中以及如果凭借光伏板PV产生的能量不足，则将电动汽车VE的蓄电池与配电网络R连接。控制单元UC以这样的方式控制第一接触器Ct1，那就是将它的两个第二输入端e2与它的两个输出端s1连接，以及控制单元UC以这样的方式控制第二接触器Ct2，那就是将它的两个输入端e10与它的两个第一输出端s10连接。
-如果电动汽车VE未插入以及如果正是白天，则系统处在光伏板PV与配电网络R连接的能量再生模式下。于是，控制单元UC以这样的方式控制第一接触器Ct1，那就是将它的两个第一输入端e1与它的两个输出端s1连接，以及控制单元UC以这样的方式控制第二接触器Ct2，那就是将它的两个输入端e10与它的两个第二输出端s20连接。如果电动汽车VE未插入以及如果正是夜间，则系统可以保持在能量再生模式下。
凭借光伏板PV产生的能量的数量可以通过测量面板输送的电压、或通过应用定义工作时间间隔所基于的时钟来确定。
按照本发明，该系统可以包含传感器，使得可以检测电动汽车是否被插入它的再充电插座中。
按照本发明，随所选的操作规则而变，控制单元UC凭借同步装置调度控制信号来控制第一和第二接触器Ct1、Ct2，以便选择电力转换器的输入端和它的输出端的连接，以及可选地，如果存在转换器17，选择与转换器17的开关臂的连接。此外，随所选的操作规则而变，控制单元UC将适当命令施加于逆变器模块13的电力断路器，以便使逆变器模块13起同步“降压”转换器的作用或起有源整流器的作用。

Claims (8)

1.一种电能管理系统，其包含：
-供电源；
-可再生能源；以及
-电力转换器，其包含输入端、与所述输入端连接的整流器模块（12）、与该整流器模块（12）连接的DC供应总线、与该DC供应总线连接的逆变器模块（13）、和与该逆变器模块（13）连接的输出端，
其特征在于：
-该供电源和该可再生能源并行地与该电力转换器的输入端连接；
-该系统包含第一选择装置，其被设计成将该电力转换器的输入端与该供电源或与该可再生能源连接；
-该系统包含第二选择装置，其被设计成将该电力转换器的输出端与该供电源或与电能储蓄系统连接；以及
-该系统包含按照预先建立的操作规则操作的使第一选择装置和第二选择装置同步的装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于该第一选择装置包含第一接触器（Ct1）以及在于该第二选择装置包含第二接触器（Ct2）。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于该系统包含与转换器的输出端和与第二接触器（Ct2）连接的输出滤波器（14）。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于该系统包含与第一接触器（Ct1）连接的变压器（15）以及与该变压器和与该供电源连接的输入滤波器（16）。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于该系统包含连接在整流器模块（12）与DC供应总线之间的“升压”型的转换器（17）。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于该供电源是配电网络（R）。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于该可再生能源由光伏板（PV）或至少一台风力涡轮机组成。
8.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于该能量储蓄系统由电动汽车（VE）的蓄电池组成。
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