CN103646141A - Cutting force modeling method for flat bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turning milling shaft parts - Google Patents
Cutting force modeling method for flat bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turning milling shaft parts Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting force modeling method for flat bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turning milling shaft parts. The method includes the steps that a spiral end mill coordinate system and a shaft part coordinate system are respectively established, and coordinate transformation between the two coordinate systems is determined; in the coordinate systems, an orthogonal turning milling cutting motion trail is clear, and an axial feed, a radial feed and a total feed are determined; according to the orthogonal turning milling cutting motion trail obtained through calculation and the determined feeds, an orthogonal turning milling cutting geometry is determined; infinitesimal orthogonal turning milling cutting force calculation formulas are set up for discrete layers respectively, whether the discrete layers participate in cutting or not is judged according to the determined orthogonal turning milling cutting thicknesses, cutting depths and orthogonal turning milling cutting-in cutting-out angles, limits of integration of infinitesimal cutting force are determined, integrals participate in cutting infinitesimal cutting force, and the total cutting force of the current cutting state is obtained. According to the model, cutting force of the orthogonal turning milling shaft parts can be accurately obtained, and then technological parameter optimization on the basis of the cutting force of the orthogonal turning milling shaft parts is further achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal cutting machining, in particular to a cutting force modeling method for a flat-bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turn-milling shaft part, which is suitable for machining the flat-bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turn-milling shaft part.
Background
In recent years, with the development of the national aviation industry, the requirements on the functions and the performances of products are diversified by the research and the application of new models and new materials, and the integral forgings of various new materials are widely applied to aircraft landing gears, so that the processing difficulty of large-scale complex shaft parts is improved. The turning and milling machining center is a high-grade numerical control machine tool, can realize five-axis linkage machining, can finish machining of complex curved surfaces, and can obtain good surface quality, wherein orthogonal turning and milling machining is a machining mode for finishing forming and machining of complex shaft parts by combining workpiece rotary motion and cutter rotary motion, and has the advantage of meeting the requirement of one-time clamping and multi-process machining of large complex shaft parts. In order to orthogonally turn-mill the shaft parts with the maximum material removal rate under the normal working condition, the cutting force of the orthogonal turn-milling shaft parts needs to be modeled, the cutting force of the orthogonal turn-milling shaft parts under the given cutting parameters is predicted, and reasonable processing parameters are arranged.
Common models for cutting force prediction are: the model comprises an empirical model, a finite element numerical model, an artificial intelligence model and a mechanical model. The empirical model establishes a functional relationship between the cutting force and the cutting parameters by using a statistical principle according to the cutting parameters and the cutting force data obtained by the cutting force test experiment, and a large amount of data is needed for ensuring the accuracy of the model. The finite element model is suitable for simulating the cut-in and cut-out stages of cutting and discontinuous machining, but under the condition that a large amount of plastic deformation occurs in the machining, the grid deformation is too large, so that the simulation error is increased. The application potential of the artificial intelligence modeling technology in metal cutting research is huge, but more theoretical and experimental researches are needed for the problems of the precision, the application range and the like of the simulation calculation. The mechanical model takes the chip as a research entry point, and analyzes the rules of stress, strain, friction force and cutting force in the chip forming process through modeling and simulation of the chip forming process. The mechanical force model is a cutting force model which is mature and widely used at present, and one important content is the determination of cutting geometry. The cutting geometry of the orthogonal turn-milling has the characteristics of variable cutting thickness and variable cutting depth, the cutting thickness and the cutting depth are changed along with the change of the rotation angle of the cutter, and an accurate orthogonal turn-milling cutting geometry model needs to be established for modeling the orthogonal turn-milling cutting force.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cutting force modeling method for a flat-bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turning and milling shaft part, which can accurately predict the cutting force of a steady-state orthogonal turning and milling shaft part through the analysis of the orthogonal turning and milling cutting geometry in the process of orthogonal turning and milling the shaft part, thereby optimizing processing parameters in the orthogonal turning and milling shaft part and improving the processing efficiency.
The specific technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a cutting force modeling method for a flat-bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turn-milling shaft part specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively establishing a spiral end mill coordinate system and a shaft part coordinate system, and determining coordinate transformation between the two coordinate systems;
s2: in the established coordinate system, the orthogonal turn-milling cutting motion track is defined, and axial feed, radial feed and total feed are determined;
s3: in the established coordinate system, determining the orthogonal turn-milling cutting geometry according to the calculated orthogonal turn-milling motion track and the determined feed;
a: axially dispersing the spiral end mill into a plurality of layers, and determining the orthogonal turn-milling chip thickness of each discrete layer in an established coordinate system according to the obtained feeding and orthogonal turn-milling motion tracks;
b: determining the orthogonal turning and milling cutting depth of each corner position, and judging whether the discrete layer is within the cutting depth range or not;
c: determining a cutting-in and cutting-out angle of orthogonal turn-milling cutting according to the determined thickness and cutting depth of the orthogonal turn-milling cutting, and judging whether each cutter tooth is in cutting at each corner position;
s4: and establishing a infinitesimal orthogonal turning and milling cutting force calculation formula for each discrete layer, judging whether each discrete layer participates in cutting or not according to the determined orthogonal turning and milling chip thickness, the determined cutting depth and the orthogonal turning and milling cut-in and cut-out angle, determining an integral limit of the infinitesimal cutting force, integrating the infinitesimal cutting force participating in cutting, and obtaining the total cutting force of the current cutting state.
The coordinate transformation between the coordinate system of the spiral end mill and the coordinate system of the shaft part in the orthogonal turning, milling and cutting is obtained by the following formula:
wherein x isw，ywAnd zwIs the coordinate value, x, of the midpoint in the coordinate system of the shaft partF，yFAnd zFIs the coordinate value of the midpoint of the tool coordinate system, R is the workpiece radius, apFor a given depth of cut, theta is the workpiece angle, and e is z of the tool coordinate system with t equal to 0FAxial relative zwAxis in ywEccentricity in the negative direction of the axis, t cutting time, faFor axial feed, N is the number of teeth of the cutter, and lambda is the ratio of the rotational speed of the milling cutter to the rotational speed of the workpiece.
The orthogonal turn-milling total feed is calculated by the following formula:
wherein f istIn order to realize the tangential feeding,
n is the number of teeth of the cutter; f. ofaIn order to achieve the axial feed,
aelambda is the ratio of the rotational speed of the milling cutter to the rotational speed of the workpiece,nFfor rotational speed of milling cutter, nwIs the workpiece rotation speed, R is the workpiece radius, betawFor helical conveying of milling cutters relative to the workpieceThe lift angle of the moving track.
The orthogonal turning and milling chip thickness is as follows:
wherein, aeTo cut the width, ae＝fa·λ·N·sinβw，βwIs the lead angle of the milling cutter relative to the spiral motion track of the workpiece, <math>
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for the cut-in angle determined by the chip thickness,
for the cutting angle determined by the chip thickness,
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the orthogonal turning and milling cutting depth is as follows:
wherein R is the radius of the tool, R is the radius of the workpiece,
is the contact angle of the ith infinitesimal layer on the blade j, apZ of the tool coordinate system for a given depth of cut with t equal to 0FAxial relative zwAxis in ywThe eccentricity existing in the negative direction of the shaft, and t is the cutting time.
The cutting-in and cutting-out angle of the orthogonal turn-milling cutting is as follows:
corner of cut
Cutting corner
Wherein,
for the cut angle determined by the depth of cut,
for the cutting angle determined by the cutting depth,
βwthe angle of the spiral line is increased, <math>
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</math> zifor the ith infinitesimal layer in the tool axis zFThe coordinate values of (2).
The instantaneous orthogonal turning and milling cutting force is calculated by a mechanical model, an orthogonal turning and milling infinitesimal cutting force calculation formula is firstly obtained, then whether the discrete layer participates in cutting or not is judged according to the determined orthogonal turning and milling chip thickness, the determined cutting depth and the orthogonal turning and milling cut-in and cut-out angle, the integral limit of the infinitesimal cutting force is determined, the infinitesimal cutting force participating in cutting is integrated, and the total cutting force in the current cutting state is obtained.
Wherein, the algorithm of the total cutting force of the current cutting state is as follows:
according to the mechanical cutting force model of Altintas, the cutting force of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth can be expressed as:
in the formula, Ktc，KrcAnd KacAre respectively a shearing action pairCoefficient of action of tangential, radial and axial cutting forces, Kte，KreAnd KaeRespectively the action coefficients of the friction action of the cutting edge to tangential, radial and axial cutting forces,
is the chip thickness of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth.
Is the instantaneous contact angle of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth;
the infinitesimal tangential force, the infinitesimal radial force and the infinitesimal axial force in the formula (1) are converted into a milling cutter coordinate system xFyFzFThe infinitesimal cutting force component along the x-axis, the infinitesimal cutting force component along the y-axis, and the infinitesimal cutting force component along the z-axis in (b) to obtain:
integrating the infinitesimal cutting force along the axial direction of the milling cutter, and obtaining the cutting force according to the equations (1) and (2):
in the formula, apIn order to be the nominal depth of cut,
is the cutting-in angle of the milling cutter,
is the milling cutter cut angle.
The instantaneous cutting forces of all the helical cutting edges are summed to obtain the total instantaneous cutting force acting on the milling cutter:
according to the cutting force modeling method for the orthogonal turning and milling shaft parts of the flat-bottom spiral end mill, the accurate cutting force model of the orthogonal turning and milling shaft parts can be obtained, the model fully considers the movement track, the cutting thickness, the cutting depth and the cutting-in and cutting-out angle of orthogonal turning and milling cutting in the process of orthogonal turning, milling and cutting the shaft parts, and the cutting force of the stable orthogonal turning and milling shaft parts can be accurately predicted. The method comprises the steps of dispersing a helical cutting edge into a plurality of tiny cutter tooth infinitesimal elements in the axial direction, establishing a calculation formula of instantaneous cutting force of orthogonal turning and milling shaft parts according to a mechanical force model, and predicting the orthogonal turning and milling cutting force under a given point cutting parameter by using a chip geometric model of the orthogonal turning and milling shaft parts.
According to the method, the cutting force of the orthogonal turning and milling shaft part is predicted according to the known material model, the geometric parameters of the cutter and the designed process parameters, and compared with the measured value of the cutting force in the experimental process of the orthogonal turning and milling shaft part adopting the same workpiece material, cutter and process parameters, the predicted cutting force can be well matched with the actually measured cutting force. The method can predict the cutting force of the steady-state orthogonal turning and milling shaft part, is beneficial to determining the processing parameters by technicians in the field and improving the processing efficiency under the normal working condition.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of orthogonal turn-milling coordinate transformation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the orthogonal turn-milling feed motion of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a discrete schematic view of a flat bottom helical end mill according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of orthogonal turn-milling chip thicknesses according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the orthogonal turn-milling depth of cut according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The cutting force modeling method for the orthogonal turn-milling shaft part of the flat-bottom spiral end mill comprises the following steps:
(one) coordinate transformation calculation
Orthogonal turn-milling is a combined motion of workpiece rotation and milling cutter rotation to complete the machining of the workpiece, and to obtain a better machined surface and increase the feed, the cutter may be offset so that the axis of the cutter is not coplanar with and orthogonal to the axis of the workpiece, and machining is performed in a downward-offset manner, as shown in fig. 1, for ease of analysis, assuming that the workpiece is stationary, the milling cutter is rotated at the workpiece rotation speed nwIn fig. 1(a), the workpiece to be machined by the milling cutter is viewed from the shank along the milling cutter axis at the time t equal to 0, and fig. 1(b) shows the milling cutter rotated by θ (that is, after the milling cutter is rotated by θ degrees)
Time) observing the milling cutter along the workpiece axis, establishing a workpiece coordinate system xwywzwWherein z iswThe axis being the workpiece axis, xwZ when t and t are equal to 0FWhen the direction of the axes is consistent and t is 0, z of the tool coordinate systemFAxial relative zwAxis in ywThe negative axis direction has a lower eccentricity e, and the direction in which the lower eccentricity increases is vertically downward as viewed in fig. 1(a), coinciding with the direction of rotation of the workpiece.
Any point (x) in the milling cutter coordinate systemF,yF,zF) Transforming into the coordinate system of the workpiece to obtain coordinates (x)w,yw,zw)：
Wherein R is the workpiece radius, apTo a depth of cut, nFBy milling cutter speed, milling cutter-to-workpiece speed ratiofaThe axial feed amount of the milling cutter per tooth along the axial direction of the workpiece.
(II) determining the orthogonal turn-milling movement locus
In the process of orthogonal turning, milling and cutting shaft parts, the rotary motion of the shaft parts can generate feeding along the tangential direction of the shaft parts, and the feeding of a milling cutter along the axial direction of the shaft parts is combined to form the total feeding of the milling cutter, so that the motion track of the milling cutter relative to a workpiece is a continuous spiral line, and a helix angle exists. And respectively calculating tangential feed, axial feed and total feed of the orthogonal turn-milling machine in the determined coordinate system, and determining the helix angle of the motion track.
In orthogonal turn-milling, the milling cutter is fed f relative to each tooth of the workpiecezFed tangentially f by each toothtAnd axial feed per tooth faSynthesis, as shown in FIG. 2, of the computational expression
The path of movement of the milling cutter relative to the workpiece is a continuous helix, as shown in fig. 2, the helix angle βwFeeding tangentially to each tooth of the milling cutter ftAxial feed per tooth faCorrelation, expressed as follows <math>
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</math> Axial feed per tooth of milling cutter vfaIs the milling cutter axial feed speed.
Due to the helix angle, a rotary conversion seat is establishedMarker is x'Fy′Fz′FAnd coordinate system xFyFzFThe included angle therebetween is psi,
in a coordinate system of x'Fy′Fz′FAnd analyzing the thickness of the cutting chips of the shaft parts orthogonally turned and milled by the circumferential edge of the spiral end mill.
(III) determination of orthogonal turning and milling chip geometry
In an established coordinate system, axially dispersing a spiral end mill into a plurality of layers, and determining the orthogonal turn-milling chip thickness of each discrete layer at each corner position of the cutter according to the obtained feeding and orthogonal turn-milling motion tracks; then determining the orthogonal turning and milling cutting depth of each corner position, and judging whether the discrete layer is within the cutting depth range or not; and finally, determining a cutting-in and cutting-out angle of orthogonal turn-milling cutting according to the determined thickness and cutting depth of the orthogonal turn-milling cutting, and judging whether each cutter tooth is in cutting at each corner position.
As shown in fig. 3, the cutting edge of the helical end mill is a helical line, and it is very difficult to directly calculate the cutting force caused by orthogonal turning and milling of shaft parts, and the problem can be solved well by discretization. Therefore, as shown in fig. 3, the helical edge of the milling cutter is axially dispersed into several layers, that is, a plurality of plane cutting milling cutters perpendicular to the central axis of the milling cutter and having a distance Δ d, the sheet sandwiched between two adjacent planes is a discrete layer, the cutting of each discrete layer tooth infinitesimal (for example, when viewed along the axis of the milling cutter, four teeth are uniformly distributed on each discrete layer of a four-edge milling cutter, and each tooth is a tooth infinitesimal) can be regarded as the oblique cutting with the cutting edge inclination i equal to the milling cutter helix angle β, the orthogonal turning and milling cutting force calculation formula is derived from a mechanical force model for each infinitesimal cutting layer, and the integral is obtained in the cutting range to obtain the instantaneous orthogonal turning and milling cutting force. A in FIG. 3pFor cutting depth, Δ d is the discrete layer thickness,
n is a radicalAnd (5) the number of scattering layers.
(a) Calculating the orthogonal turn-milling chip thickness
To facilitate the analysis of the chip thickness of the peripheral edge of the helical end mill, a local coordinate system x 'is established in FIG. 4'Fy′Fz′FWherein x'FThe axis being perpendicular to the helix and to the coordinate system xFyFzFX ofFThe included angle between the axes is psi,
z′Faxis and zFAre superposed and y'FObtained by the right hand rule.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the milling cutter local coordinate system x'Fy′Fz′FIn the method, a calculation model of the orthogonal turning and milling chip thickness of the spiral end mill is established, and a coordinate system x ″, isFy′′Fz′′FThe milling cutter is rotated about the cutter axis, the blade continuously cuts into and cuts out the workpiece from y'FThe shaft calculates the cut-in and cut-out angle and the cut-in angle in the clockwise direction
And cutting out of cornersCan be given by:
in the formula, aeTo cut the width, ae＝fa·λ·N·sinβwX 'is a coordinate system'Fy′Fz′FTo xFyFzFIn the coordinate system, x is obtainedFyFzFAngle of entry in a coordinate system
And cutting out of corners
When in use
When the ith element of the jth cutter tooth is in a cutting state, the chip thickness is calculated into two parts of CA and AB, and the following formula is shown as follows:
wherein, aeTo cut the width, ae＝fa·λ·N·sinβw，βwIs the lead angle of the milling cutter relative to the spiral motion track of the workpiece, <math>
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for the cut-in angle determined by the chip thickness,
for the cutting angle determined by the chip thickness,
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(b) calculating orthogonal turn-milling cutting depth
Different from the common end milling, when the shaft parts are cut by orthogonal turn milling, the cutting depth a is constantly changed and is less than or equal to the given nominal cutting depth apIt is assumed that the contact angle of the ith bin of the instantaneous j teeth is, as shown in FIG. 5
When the corresponding milling cutter cutting depth is
It can be seen from the infinitesimal layering that the cutting is only participated when the infinitesimal is within the cutting depth range of the milling cutter, and the intersection point of the outer circle of the milling cutter and the outer circle of the workpiece is A at the moment, and the point is in the coordinate system x of the workpiecewywzwAnd milling cutter coordinate system xFyFzFRespectively is (x)A,w,yA,w,zA,w)、(xA,F,yA,F,zA,F) Wherein
Since point a is located on both the outer circle of the workpiece and the peripheral edge of the milling cutter, it can be deduced that the milling cutter cutting depth at this time is:
(c) calculating the cut-in and cut-out angle of orthogonal turning and milling shaft parts
And calculating the cut-in and cut-out angle of the orthogonal turning and milling shaft type part respectively according to the determined chip thickness and the determined cutting depth of the orthogonal turning and milling shaft type part, wherein the cut-in angle of the orthogonal turning and milling shaft type part is the larger value of the two calculated cut-in angles, and the cut-out angle is the smaller value of the two calculated cut-out angles.
Wherein,
for the cut angle determined by the depth of cut, 
for the cutting angle determined by the cutting depth,
(IV) calculating the instantaneous cutting force of orthogonal turning and milling cutting shaft parts
According to the mechanical cutting force model of Altintas, the cutting force of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth can be expressed as:
in the formula, Ktc，KrcAnd KacCoefficient of action of the shearing action on the tangential, radial and axial cutting forces, Kte，KreAnd KaeThe coefficients of the tangential, radial and axial cutting forces are the blade friction.
Is the chip thickness of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth.
Is the instant contact angle of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth due to the milling cutter helix angle betaFThe instantaneous contact angle of different infinitesimal elements changes with the change of the cutting depth, and the instantaneous reference contact angle of a certain spiral blade bottom endpoint is assumed to be determined asThe instant contact angle of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth is
Wherein
The angle between the teeth is the angle between the teeth,
n is the number of teeth of the knife,
and r is the radius of the milling cutter.
The infinitesimal tangential force, the infinitesimal radial force and the infinitesimal axial force in the formula (1) are converted into a milling cutter coordinate system xFyFzFThe infinitesimal cutting force component along the x-axis, the infinitesimal cutting force component along the y-axis, and the infinitesimal cutting force component along the z-axis in (b) to obtain:
in order to obtain the total cutting force generated by the helical cutting edge j, the infinitesimal cutting force is integrated in the milling cutter axial direction in the range where the helical cutting edge participates in cutting, and the cutting force is obtained according to equations (10) and (11):
in the formula, apIs nominally cutDepth of cut (transient milling cutter depth of cut changes over time due to the kinematic nature of orthogonal turn-milling, which is less than or equal to the nominal depth of cut),
is the cutting-in angle of the milling cutter,is the milling cutter cut angle.
The instantaneous cutting forces of all the helical cutting edges are summed to obtain the total instantaneous cutting force acting on the milling cutter:
the accurate instantaneous cutting force of the flat-bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turning-milling shaft type part can be obtained through the four steps.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cutting force modeling method for a flat-bottom spiral end mill orthogonal turn-milling shaft part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: respectively establishing a spiral end mill coordinate system and a shaft part coordinate system, and determining coordinate transformation between the two coordinate systems;
s2: in the established coordinate system, the orthogonal turn-milling cutting motion track is defined, and axial feed, radial feed and total feed are determined;
s3: in the established coordinate system, determining the orthogonal turn-milling chip geometry according to the calculated orthogonal turn-milling motion track and the determined feed:
a: axially dispersing the spiral end mill into a plurality of layers, and determining the orthogonal turn-milling chip thickness of each discrete layer in an established coordinate system according to the obtained feeding and orthogonal turn-milling motion tracks;
b: determining the orthogonal turning and milling cutting depth of each corner position, and judging whether the discrete layer is in the cutting depth range;
c: determining a cutting-in and cutting-out angle of orthogonal turn-milling cutting according to the determined thickness and cutting depth of the orthogonal turn-milling cutting, and judging whether each cutter tooth is in cutting at each corner position;
s4: and establishing a infinitesimal orthogonal turning and milling cutting force calculation formula for each discrete layer, judging whether each discrete layer participates in cutting or not according to the determined orthogonal turning and milling chip thickness, the determined cutting depth and the orthogonal turning and milling cut-in and cut-out angle, determining an integral limit of the infinitesimal cutting force, integrating the infinitesimal cutting force participating in cutting, and obtaining the total cutting force of the current cutting state.
2. The modeling method for the cutting force of the flat-bottom helical end mill orthogonal turning shaft part according to claim 1, wherein the coordinate transformation between the helical end mill coordinate system and the shaft part coordinate system in the orthogonal turning cutting is calculated by the following formula:
wherein x isw，ywAnd zwIs the coordinate value, x, of the midpoint in the coordinate system of the shaft partF，yFAnd zFIs the coordinate value of the midpoint of the tool coordinate system, R is the workpiece radius, apFor a given depth of cut, theta is the workpiece angle, and e is z of the tool coordinate system with t equal to 0FAxial relative zwAxis in ywEccentricity in the negative direction of the axis, t cutting time, faFor axial feeding, N is the number of teeth of the cutter, lambda is the rotation speed ratio of the milling cutter to the workpiece,
nFfor rotational speed of milling cutter, nwThe workpiece rotation speed.
3. The modeling method for the cutting force of the flat-bottom helical end mill orthogonal turn-milling shaft part according to claim 2, wherein the total orthogonal turn-milling feed is calculated by the following formula:
wherein f istIn order to realize the tangential feeding,
fain order to achieve the axial feed,
vfais the axial feed speed of the milling cutter, R is the workpiece radius, nwIs the rotational speed of the workpiece, apFor a given depth of cut.
4. The method for modeling the cutting force of a flat-bottomed helical end mill orthogonal turning shaft part according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the orthogonal turning chip geometry is determined by a variable chip thickness, a variable cutting depth and an incision angle of orthogonal turning cutting in a determined coordinate system and coordinate transformation.
5. The modeling method for the cutting force of the flat-bottom helical end mill orthogonal turning shaft part according to claim 3, wherein the chip thickness of the orthogonal turning is determined by the tool corner, the feed per tooth, the tool radius and the cutting width, and is obtained by the following calculation formula:
wherein, aeTo cut the width, ae＝fa·λ·N·sinβw，βwIs the lead angle of the milling cutter relative to the spiral motion track of the workpiece, <math>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>β</mi>
<mi>w</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>arctan</mi>
<mfrac>
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</msub>
<msub>
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</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>ψ</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
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<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>β</mi>
<mi>w</mi>
</msub>
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
</math> 
for the cut-in angle determined by the chip thickness,
for the cutting angle determined by the chip thickness, <math>
<mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msqrt>
<msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>z</mi>
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</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
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</msup>
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</msub>
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<mi>r</mi>
<mo>·</mo>
<mi>cos</mi>
<mi>θ</mi>
</msqrt>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>θ</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>arcsin</mi>
<mrow>
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<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
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</mrow>
</math> r is the radius of the cutter,the contact angle of the ith infinitesimal layer on blade j.
6. The method for modeling the cutting force of a flat-bottomed helical end mill orthogonal turn-milling shaft part according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the orthogonal turn-milling cutting depth is as follows:
wherein R is the radius of the tool, R is the radius of the workpiece,
is the contact angle of the ith infinitesimal layer on the blade j, apZ of the tool coordinate system for a given depth of cut with t equal to 0FAxial relative zwAxis in ywThe eccentricity existing in the negative direction of the shaft, and t is the cutting time.
7. The method for modeling the cutting force of the flat-bottom helical end mill orthogonal turn-milling shaft part according to claim 6, wherein the cut-in and cut-out angles of the orthogonal turn-milling cutting are as follows:
corner of cut
Cutting corner
Wherein,for the cut angle determined by the depth of cut, <math>
<mrow>
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<mi>φ</mi>
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<mi>arccos</mi>
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</math> 
for the cutting angle determined by the cutting depth,
βwthe angle of the spiral line is increased, <math>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>β</mi>
<mi>w</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>arctan</mi>
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</msub>
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</mfrac>
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</math> zifor the ith infinitesimal layer in the tool axis zFThe coordinate values of (2).
8. The cutting force modeling method for the orthogonal turning and milling shaft part of the flat-bottom spiral end mill according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the instantaneous orthogonal turning and milling cutting force is calculated by a mechanical model, an orthogonal turning and milling infinitesimal cutting force calculation formula is firstly obtained, then whether a discrete layer participates in cutting or not is judged according to the determined orthogonal turning and milling chip thickness, the determined cutting depth and the orthogonal turning and milling cutting-in and cutting-out angle, the integral limit of the infinitesimal cutting force is determined, and the infinitesimal cutting force participating in cutting is integrated to obtain the total cutting force in the current cutting state.
9. The modeling method of claim 8, wherein the current cutting state total cutting force algorithm is as follows:
according to the mechanical cutting force model of Altintas, the cutting force of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth can be expressed as:
in the formula, Ktc，KrcAnd KacCoefficient of action of the shearing action on the tangential, radial and axial cutting forces, Kte，KreAnd KaeRespectively the action coefficients of the friction action of the cutting edge to tangential, radial and axial cutting forces,
is the chip thickness of the ith infinitesimal of the jth cutter tooth, N is the cutter tooth number,
is the instantaneous contact angle of the ith element of the jth cutter tooth;
the infinitesimal tangential force, the infinitesimal radial force and the infinitesimal axial force in the formula (1) are converted into a milling cutter coordinate system xFyFzFThe infinitesimal cutting force component along the x-axis, the infinitesimal cutting force component along the y-axis, and the infinitesimal cutting force component along the z-axis in (b) to obtain:
integrating the infinitesimal cutting force along the axial direction of the milling cutter, and obtaining the cutting force according to the equations (1) and (2):
in the formula, apIn order to be the nominal depth of cut,
is the cutting-in angle of the milling cutter,
is the milling cutter cut-off angle;
the instantaneous cutting forces of all the helical cutting edges are summed to obtain the total instantaneous cutting force acting on the milling cutter:
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