CN103645561A - A multi-wavelength cascade excitation sodium laser guide star and a self-adaptive optical correction method - Google Patents
A multi-wavelength cascade excitation sodium laser guide star and a self-adaptive optical correction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of self-adaptive optics, and provides a multi-wavelength cascade excitation sodium laser guide star and a self-adaptive optical correction method. The multi-wavelength cascade excitation sodium laser guide star comprises a laser source, a laser emitter, a fluorescence reception apparatus, a wavefront detection apparatus, a wavefront correction system and an imaging apparatus. Laser wavelengths provided by the laser source at least include one or more than one wavelength of the following types: a wavelength of 589nm, a wavelength of 819nm, a wavelength of 1847nm, a wavelength of 616nm and a wavelength of 1140nm. Under the effect of the lasers, sodium atoms in an atmosphere sodium layer is subjected to cascade excitation to reach a high level, and release beacon lights of different wavelengths in a process of transition to a low level in a level by level or a level skipping mode. Through the reception and measurement of the wavefront signals of the beacon lights, an object image can be corrected according to the wavefront signals of the beacon lights. The invention can provide the plurality of wavelength beacon lights, so that correction of wavefront distortions of other wavelengths is convenient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to adaptive optics field, relate in particular to a kind of sodium layer that utilizes atmosphere middle layer and provide the technology of multi-wavelength's beacon beam for ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.
Background technology
When light beam transmits in atmosphere, due to the impact of atmospheric turbulence, can cause that the wavefront of light beam distorts, the impact of ground astronomical sight is shown as to image resolution ratio and decline, observed object is fogged.At present, in order to improve the resolution of observed object, the adaptive optics based on laser guide star technology is more and more subject to researchist's attention.The principle of work of sodium laser guiding ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS is: utilize laser that the sodium atom apart from 80～120 km place sodium layers of ground is energized into excited state, then the light that the sodium atom spontaneous radiation of take is sent is beacon beam, the wavefront distortion information causing by surveying the entrained atmospheric turbulence of this beacon beam, adaptive optics corrective system can be made compensation to the wavefront distortion of astronomical sight light, and then improves the resolution of observed object.How to make full use of thin sodium layer obtain brighter, to carry the more approaching beacon beam of more wavefront information and wavelength and observation light be the key of this technology.
The current ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS based on sodium guiding, conventionally the laser at a branch of 589nm of ground surface launching is energized into first excited state 3P energy level by the sodium atom in sodium layer, then the sodium atom in 3P energy level sends the fluorescence of 589nm by spontaneous radiation, and ground telescopic system utilizes this fluorescence to proofread and correct as beacon beam the wavefront distortion that atmospheric turbulence causes.Yet the normally used service band of ground astronomical sight is that the visible ray of atmospheric transmission window is to infrared band, and be more to use near-infrared band, the beacon beam that therefore only utilizes 589nm is not that the wavefront distortion of the light of 589nm need to convert for tuning wavelength.And the beacon beam of single wavelength cannot be proofreaied and correct atmospheric inclined aberration essentially, often to find again the auxiliary correct tilt aberration of a natural guiding outward at laser guide star in actual applications.In addition; available sodium atom limited amount in thin sodium layer; and current sodium laser guiding has only utilized ground state and two energy levels of first excited state of sodium atom; be therefore subject to the restriction of two-level energy system saturation effect, improve merely the linearity increase that 589nm laser intensity cannot obtain the brightness of sodium guiding.In addition, the peak response wave band of the photodetector generally using is at present positioned near infrared, and 589nm is the peak response wave band in detector not, is unfavorable for surveying.
Therefore existing sodium laser guiding beacon wavelength is single, and from telescope service band away from; Cannot proofread and correct atmospheric inclined aberration; Brightness is subject to the restriction of two-level energy system saturation effect; Beacon beam is not in shortcomings such as detector peak response wave bands.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the mode exciting by multi-wavelength's laser cascade connection, can make full use of each energy level of sodium atom thin in atmosphere sodium layer, for ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS provides multi-wavelength beacon beam.
Principle of the present invention is: by lasing light emitter, can not only provide the laser energy of 589nm that sodium atom is energized into 3P energy level, can also provide the light of other wavelength that sodium atom cascade firing is arrived to higher energy level.For example with 819nm light, sodium atom is energized into 3D energy level from 3P energy level, then with 1847nm light, sodium atom is energized into 4F energy level from 3D energy level; With 1140nm light, sodium atom is energized into 4S energy level from 3P energy level; With 616nm light, sodium atom is energized into 5S energy level from 3P energy level.Like this, the sodium atom in high level is step by step or bypass the immediate leadership to the fluorescence that discharges different wave length in the process of low-lying level transition as beacon beam.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding, comprises lasing light emitter, laser beam emitting device, fluorescence reception device, Wavefront detecting device, wavefront correction system and imaging device.The optical maser wavelength that described lasing light emitter provides at least comprises 589nm, comprises as required one or more in 819nm, 1847nm, 616nm, 1140nm simultaneously; The Laser emission of the different wave length that described laser beam emitting device provides described lasing light emitter, to atmosphere sodium layer, arrives high level corresponding to different wave length by the sodium atom cascade firing in atmosphere sodium layer; Sodium atom in high level will step by step or be bypassed the immediate leadership to low-lying level transition, discharge the fluorescence of different wave length, as beacon beam simultaneously; Described fluorescence reception device is collected after described beacon beam, then surveys the wavefront signals of this beacon beam and deliver to wavefront correction system through described Wavefront detecting device; Described imaging device carries out imaging to target and obtains target image; Described wavefront correction system is according to the wavefront signals correction target image of Wavefront detecting device.
The hyperfine structure that the centre wavelength of each different wave length laser that further, described lasing light emitter provides is aimed at respectively corresponding energy level.
Further, described Wavefront detecting device is comprised of a plurality of Hartmann wave front sensors.
Further, described wavefront correction system adopts computing machine, distorting lens or the phase-modulator with image processing software.
Further, described laser beam emitting device comprises catoptron, several light combination mirrors and laser transmitting telescope.
Further, described fluorescence reception device is telescope.
Further, described imaging device comprises astronomical telescope and image-forming component.
Further, the telescope in described fluorescence reception device and the astronomical telescope of described imaging device are same telescope, or two independent telescopes.
The present invention also provides a kind of adaptive optics bearing calibration, comprises the following steps:
S1. by the Laser emission of different wave length to atmosphere sodium layer, the sharp light wavelength of described different wave length at least comprises 589nm, comprises as required one or more in 819nm, 1847nm, 616nm, 1140nm simultaneously;
S2. the sodium atom in atmosphere sodium layer is energized into corresponding high level by the laser cascade connection of different wave length, and then the sodium atom in high level will step by step or be bypassed the immediate leadership to low-lying level transition, discharge the fluorescence of different wave length, as beacon beam simultaneously;
S3. receive and measure the wavefront signals of described beacon beam, and according to the wavefront signals correction target image of beacon beam.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the mode that the present invention excites by multi-wavelength's laser cascade connection, can make full use of each energy level of sodium atom limited in thin atmosphere sodium layer, when alleviating the saturation effect of two-level energy system, can provide a plurality of wavelength beacon beams, make up the single defect of existing sodium guiding beacon wavelength, be convenient to proofread and correct the wavefront distortion of other wavelength, especially the wavefront distortion of near infrared light.The scheme of multi-wavelength cascade firing has been proposed simultaneously, the laser that this scheme adopts is except 589nm light, all the other optical wavelength are all long than 589nm, and while transmitting in atmosphere, scattering coefficient is little, can when reducing scattering loss, alleviate rear orientation light to surveying the impact of light.And the detector generally using is at present high at the remolding sensitivity 589nm of 819nm, is more suitable for surveying 819nm beacon beam.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of second embodiment of the invention.
Marginal data:
11.589nm laser instrument; 12.819nm laser instrument; 13.1140nm laser instrument; 14.589nm laser; 15.819nm laser; 16.1140nm laser; 17.1847nm laser instrument; 18.1847nm laser; 21. catoptrons; 22. first light combination mirrors; 23. second light combination mirrors; 24. laser transmitting telescopes; 31. atmosphere sodium layer; 32. sodium guidings; 33. astronomical sight targets; 34. beacon beams; 35. survey light; 41. astronomical telescopes; 42. spectroscopes; 51. Hartman wavefront detectors; 61. imaging CCD; 62. pattern process computers.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
First embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
In the present embodiment, multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding comprises following part: the lasing light emitter being jointly comprised of 589nm laser instrument 11,819nm laser instrument 12 and 1140nm laser instrument 13; The laser beam emitting device jointly being formed by catoptron 21, the first light combination mirror 22, the second light combination mirror 23 and laser transmitting telescope 24; The imaging device being formed by astronomical telescope 41 and imaging CCD61; The fluorescence reception device jointly being formed by astronomical telescope 41 and spectroscope 42; The Wavefront detecting device being formed by three Hartmann sensors 51; The wavefront correction system being formed by pattern process computer 62.Telescope in the present embodiment in fluorescence reception device and the astronomical telescope of imaging device are same telescope, and astronomical telescope 41, and adopt CCD as image-forming component.
The specific works principle of the present embodiment is as follows: first laser instrument 11,12,13 sends respectively the laser 14,15 and 16 that wavelength is 589nm, 819nm and 1140nm; 3 bundle laser synthesize a road light beam by catoptron 21, the first light combination mirror 22 and the second light combination mirror 23, and are transmitted in atmosphere sodium layer 31 by laser transmitting telescope 24; Sodium atom in atmosphere sodium layer 31 transits to 3P energy level from ground state level 3S under the effect of 589nm laser, then a part of sodium atom in 3P energy level transits to 3D energy level under the effect of 819nm laser, and the sodium atom of a part in 3P energy level transits to 4S energy level under the effect of 1140nm laser; And then the sodium atom in 3D, 4S, 3P energy level by the mode by spontaneous radiation step by step transition return ground state level 3S, send the fluorescence of 819nm, 1140nm and 589nm simultaneously, form sodium guiding 32; The beacon beam 34 that sodium guiding 32 sends is collected by astronomical telescope 41 and is reflexed in corresponding Hartmann wave front sensor 51 by beam splitter 42; After the wavefront signals of each Hartmann wave front sensor 51 detection beacon beams 34, send pattern process computer 62 to; The detection light 35 of the target of astronomical sight simultaneously 33 transmittings sees through beam splitter 42 after being collected by astronomical telescope 41 and enters imaging CCD61; Imaging CCD61 sends target image to pattern process computer 62; The wavefront signals that last pattern process computer provides according to Hartmann wave front sensor 51 is proofreaied and correct the target image that CCD provides, and makes target image more clear.
Second embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 2.The key distinction of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that lasing light emitter has increased 1847nm laser instrument.The present embodiment comprises: the lasing light emitter being jointly comprised of 589nm laser instrument 11,819nm laser 12,1140nm laser instrument 13 and 1847nm laser instrument 17; The laser beam emitting device jointly being formed by catoptron 21, the first light combination mirror 22, the second light combination mirror 23, the 3rd light combination mirror 25 and laser transmitting telescope 24; The imaging device being formed by astronomical telescope 41 and imaging CCD61; The fluorescence reception device jointly being formed by astronomical telescope 41 and spectroscope 42; The Wavefront detecting device being formed by four Hartmann wave front sensors 51; The wavefront correction system being formed by pattern process computer 62.
The specific works principle of the present embodiment is as follows: first laser instrument 11,12,13 and 17 sends respectively the laser 14,15,16 and 18 that wavelength is 589nm, 819nm, 1140nm and 1847nm; 4 bundle laser synthesize a road light beam by catoptron 21, the first light combination mirror 22, the second light combination mirror 23 and the 3rd light combination mirror 25, and are transmitted in atmosphere sodium layer 31 by laser transmitting telescope 24; Sodium atom in atmosphere sodium layer 31 transits to 3P energy level from ground state level 3S under the effect of 589nm laser, then a part of sodium atom in 3P energy level transits to 3D energy level under the effect of 819nm laser, the sodium atom of a part in 3P energy level transits to 4S energy level under the effect of 1140nm laser, then the sodium atom of following a part of 3D energy level transits to 4F energy level under the effect of 1847nm laser; And then the sodium atom in 4F, 3D, 4S, 3P energy level by the mode by spontaneous radiation step by step transition return ground state level 3S, send the fluorescence of 1847nm, 819nm, 1140nm and 589nm simultaneously, form sodium guiding 32; The beacon beam 34 that sodium guiding 32 sends is collected by astronomical telescope 41 and is reflexed in corresponding Hartmann wave front sensor 51 by beam splitter 42; After the wavefront signals of Hartmann wave front sensor 51 detection beacon beams 34, send pattern process computer 62 to; The detection light 35 of the target of astronomical sight simultaneously 33 transmittings sees through beam splitter 42 after being collected by astronomical telescope 41 and enters imaging CCD61; Imaging CCD sends target image to image processing system 62; The wavefront signals correction target image that last image processing system provides according to Hartmann wave front sensor 51, makes target image more clear.
Because each energy level of sodium atom has a plurality of hyperfine structures, the transition intensity between different hyperfine structures is not quite similar.In the present invention, in order to improve launching efficiency, can make the centre wavelength of the laser that lasing light emitter provides aim at respectively the hyperfine structure in corresponding energy level with larger transition intensity as far as possible.In the present invention, image-forming component can also adopt CMOS or other to have the image-forming component of imaging function.
For the beacon beam with different wave length receiving, wavefront correction system is according to the wavefront signals correction target image of Wavefront detecting device, its detailed process is similar with the adaptive optics trimming process that only contains 589nm beacon beam, specifically can be with reference to the books Adaptive Optics in Astronomy(Cambridge:Cambridge Univ.Press being edited by F.Roddier), 1999.
Claims (9)
1. a multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding, comprise lasing light emitter, laser beam emitting device, fluorescence reception device, Wavefront detecting device, wavefront correction system and imaging device, it is characterized in that: the optical maser wavelength that described lasing light emitter provides at least comprises 589nm, the while comprises one or more in 819nm, 1847nm, 616nm, 1140nm as required; The Laser emission of the different wave length that described laser beam emitting device provides described lasing light emitter, to atmosphere sodium layer, arrives high level corresponding to different wave length by the sodium atom cascade firing in atmosphere sodium layer; Sodium atom in high level will step by step or be bypassed the immediate leadership to low-lying level transition, discharge the fluorescence of different wave length, as beacon beam simultaneously; Described fluorescence reception device is collected after described beacon beam, then surveys the wavefront signals of this beacon beam and deliver to wavefront correction system through described Wavefront detecting device; Described imaging device carries out imaging to target and obtains target image; Described wavefront correction system is according to the wavefront signals correction target image of Wavefront detecting device.
2. multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the hyperfine structure that the centre wavelength of each different wave length laser that described lasing light emitter provides is aimed at respectively corresponding energy level.
3. multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Wavefront detecting device is comprised of a plurality of Hartmann wave front sensors.
4. multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wavefront correction system adopts computing machine, distorting lens or the phase-modulator with image processing software.
5. multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described laser beam emitting device comprises catoptron, several light combination mirrors and laser transmitting telescope.
6. multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fluorescence reception device is telescope.
7. multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described imaging device comprises astronomical telescope and image-forming component.
8. multi-wavelength cascade firing sodium laser guiding according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the telescope in described fluorescence reception device and the astronomical telescope of described imaging device are same telescope, or two independent telescopes.
9. an adaptive optics bearing calibration, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
S1. by the Laser emission of different wave length to atmosphere sodium layer, the sharp light wavelength of described different wave length at least comprises 589nm, comprises as required one or more in 819nm, 1847nm, 616nm, 1140nm simultaneously;
S2. the sodium atom in atmosphere sodium layer is energized into corresponding high level by the laser cascade connection of different wave length, and then the sodium atom in high level will step by step or be bypassed the immediate leadership to low-lying level transition, discharge the fluorescence of different wave length, as beacon beam simultaneously;
S3. receive and measure the wavefront signals of described beacon beam, and according to the wavefront signals correction target image of beacon beam.
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| CN103900692A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-02 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Solar grating spectrum imaging device based on solar adaptive optical system |
| CN103957054A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-30 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院 | Novel laser sodium guide star system |
| CN104267493A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-07 | 沈阳理工大学 | Array lens type laser guide star system |
| CN104466640A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学技术大学 | All-fiber frequency transformation seed light system applied to sodium laser radar |
| CN104618017A (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2015-05-13 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Device and method for improving wavefront quality of atmosphere laser communication link |
| CN105607074A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-05-25 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Pulse-laser-based beacon adaptive optical system |
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| CN107422391A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-01 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Sodium guides star group's Gao Zhongying wavefront distortion correcting system and method |
| CN108732742A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | System and method is corrected with frequency range optic communication adaptive optics to a kind of star based on Sodium guide star |
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| CN103957054A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-30 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院 | Novel laser sodium guide star system |
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| CN105629457A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-01 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Co-aperture emission and correction telescope combining Rayleigh beacon and sodium beacon |
| CN105607074A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-05-25 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Pulse-laser-based beacon adaptive optical system |
| CN105607074B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-12-01 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A kind of beacon adaptive optics system based on pulse laser |
| CN105629457B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-04-13 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | The common aperture transmitting that a kind of Rayleigh beacon is combined with sodium beacon and correction telescope |
| CN106066239A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-11-02 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Detection device and method is debug at large telescope scene based on guiding |
| CN107422391A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-12-01 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Sodium guides star group's Gao Zhongying wavefront distortion correcting system and method |
| CN108732742A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-02 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | System and method is corrected with frequency range optic communication adaptive optics to a kind of star based on Sodium guide star |
| CN108732742B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-01-01 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Satellite-ground same-frequency-band optical communication self-adaptive optical correction system and method based on sodium guide star |
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