CN103645231A - Method for detecting pollution toxicity of soil by adopting electric signals of double-chamber microbial fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for detecting pollution toxicity of soil by adopting electric signals of double-chamber microbial fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the pollution toxicity of soil by adopting electric signals of a double-chamber microbial fuel cell and belongs to the technical field of detection of soil pollution. According to the method, electric quantity generated by decomposing organic matters through soil microorganisms is used as an index for detecting the pollution toxicity of the soil; compared with a traditional method for detecting the toxicity by microorganism activity, biomass and the like, the method has the advantages of low cost, easiness in operation and short detection period. The double-chamber microbial fuel cell used in the method comprises an anode, a cathode, an anode fixing groove, a cathode fixing groove, an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, a top cover of the anode chamber, a top cover of the cathode chamber, a diaphragm, a rubber cushion, a lead wire, a load, bolts and nuts. Before the double-chamber microbial fuel cell is operated, polluted soil and glucose are mixed and are added into the anode chamber; a potassium ferricyanide solution is introduced into the cathode chamber to be used as an electron acceptor; after the double-chamber microbial fuel cell is operated for 48 hours, the generated electric quantity in the 48 hours is calculated and is used for evaluating the toxicity of pollutants. The method for detecting the pollution toxicity of the soil by adopting the electric signals of the double-chamber microbial fuel cell has high scientific values and application values.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of soil pollution toxicity detection technique; Be specifically related to the method for the electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity of a kind of pair of chamber soil microorganism fuel cell.
Background technology
Along with industrial development, a large amount of noxious materials enter into environment, mainly comprise heavy metal and organic contaminant etc.Many pollutants enter into soil, and spoiled soil is healthy, reduce soil microbial activities, cause soil degradation.Therefore soil pollution toxicity detects and seems extremely important, conventionally by detecting soil microbial activities, reflects pollutant toxicity and pollution level.The method of the detection soil microbial activities generally adopting comprises dehydrogenase activity detection, utilization of carbon source Atlas Method, soil microcalorimetric method.
From being detected as originally, the cost of dehydrogenase activity detection, utilization of carbon source Atlas Method and soil microcalorimetric method is higher.Dehydrogenasa detects need to use expensive chloro triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and San Ben Ji Jia Za (TPF), also needs in addition the equipment such as microplate reader or spectrophotometer.Utilization of carbon source Atlas Method needs expensive BIOLOG plate and BIOLOG instrument and computer; Soil trace heat detects and needs expensive micro-calorimeter.From testing process required time, except dehydrogenase activity detection can complete in 24 hours, utilization of carbon source Atlas Method and soil microcalorimetric method need continuous detecting some days.
Microbiological fuel cell is that microbial metabolism can be changed into the device of electric energy.The electric signal power that microbiological fuel cell produces also can be used for the power of indicator microoraganism metabolic activity.The toxicity that microbiological fuel cell has been developed for industrial waste water at present detects.In conventional method Shi anode chamber, be filled with fluid nutrient medium and cultivated in advance electrogenesis bacterium, making electrogenesis voltage or electric current reach stable.Water to be detected is added in anode chamber afterwards, the amplitude reducing according to curtage judges that wastewater toxicity is strong and weak again.But this detection method exists defect, the use of nutrient culture media and the pure bacterium of electrogenesis bacterium has increased cost, and cultivating electrogenesis bacterium needs the long period to electrogenesis is stable, and the processing of nutrient culture media also easily causes pollution.
To sum up, there is the problem that cost is high in existing soil microbial activities detection technique, and the method for the electrogenesis signal of existing employing microbiological fuel cell reflection water pollution situation also exists the problem that cost is high, pollution is grown and easily caused to sense cycle.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art and defect, comprise the high problem of cost existing in soil microbial activities detection technique, and the cost that the voltage of microbiological fuel cell or current signal exist in the method for reflection water pollution situation is high, sense cycle long and the problem that easily causes pollution, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new method that detects pollutant in soil toxicity.The method does not need nutrient culture media as anode electrogenesis system, but mixes after a small amount of glucose with contaminated soil, utilizes soil microorganism to carry out electrogenesis.Its operating cost is low, simple to operate, a little less than moving electrogenesis electric weight in 48 hours and can be used to reflect the strong toxicity of pollutant for soil microorganism.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The method of double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity, comprises the steps:
I (electric current, A)=U (voltage, V)/R (extrernal resistance, Ω) (1)
Voltage is converted into electric current, then according to formula:
Q (electric weight, C)=I (electric current, A) * t (time, s) (2)
Calculate 48 hours electrogenesis electric weight, for evaluating pollutant toxicity.
Two chambers soil microorganism fuel cell used comprises anode, negative electrode, anode pickup groove, negative electrode pickup groove, anode chamber, cathode chamber, anode chamber's top cover, cathode chamber top cover, barrier film, rubber cushion, wire, load and bolt nut, anode is arranged in the anode pickup groove of anode chamber's inner bottom part, and negative electrode is arranged in the negative electrode pickup groove of cathode chamber inner bottom part; Anode is connected by wire with negative electrode, and wire series load; Rubber cushion and barrier film are arranged between anode chamber and cathode chamber.
Soil in described contaminated soil is all soil typess, and its pollutant comprises heavy metal pollution, Organic Pollution or soda acid and pollutes.
The material of described male or female is carbon felt, carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon brush, activated carbon granule, graphite cake, graphite granule, corrosion resistant plate, stainless (steel) wire, titanium plate or titanium net.
Described barrier film is PEM, cation-exchange membrane, ultra filtration membrane, microfiltration membranes, perfluorinated sulfonic resin film, glass fibre membrane or polycarbonate membrane.
Further, described cathode chamber top cover and anode chamber's top cover are dismantled and assembled, are convenient to anode chamber and fill and remove contaminated soil, and be filled with or pour out receptor solution to cathode chamber, and on cathode chamber top cover and anode chamber's top cover, all have aperture, for wire, pass.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
Microorganism in soil utilizes the soil organism and glucose electrogenesis.The adding of glucose improve production by biological electroactive, shortened start-up time, thereby can obtain electrogenesis signal within a short period of time.After soil is polluted, the overall activity decreased of microorganism, the ability of decomposing organic electrogenesis is also suppressed, and the electric current therefore producing also reduces along with the increase of pollutant toxicity.Show as within working time, the electric weight that contaminated soil produces is lower than contaminated soil not, and pollution level is higher, and toxicity is larger, and electric weight is lower.
The present invention utilizes soil microorganism to decompose the organic electric weight producing as the index that detects soil pollution toxicity, with by the classic method of the detection toxicity such as microbial activity, biomass, compare, the present invention has the advantage that cost is low, simple to operate and sense cycle is short.Microbiological fuel cell used does not need nutrient culture media as anode electrogenesis system, but carry out electrogenesis after mixing a small amount of glucose with contaminated soil, a little less than moving electrogenesis electric weight in 48 hours and can be used to reflect the strong toxicity of pollutant for soil microbial activities, and electrogenesis electric weight is consistent with the variation tendency of traditional dehydrogenase activity, therefore to have operating cost low in the present invention, simple to operate, obtain fast result and conclusion advantage comparatively reliably.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The microbiological fuel cell structural representation that Fig. 1 the present invention is used, wherein, 1-anode chamber top cover, 2-anode chamber, 3-anode, 4-anode pickup groove, 5-cathode chamber top cover, 6-cathode chamber, 7-negative electrode, 8-negative electrode pickup groove, 9-wire, 10-load, 11-screw, 12-rubber cushion, 13-barrier film.
When Fig. 2 detects variable concentrations Cr (VI) contaminated soil toxicity, microbiological fuel cell electric current is curve over time.
When Fig. 3 (a) detects variable concentrations Cr (VI) contaminated soil toxicity, the electric weight that microbiological fuel cell produced in 48 hours; (b) desaturase activity in soil under variable concentrations Cr (VI) pollutional condition.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of method of utilizing double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrogenesis input soil pollution toxicity, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment is illustrated.
Embodiment: adopt double-chamber structure MFC, every chamber interior walls specification is 6cm * 6cm * 6cm, wall thickness 0.5cm, useful volume 216mL.Between two Room, with PEM, separate.Take carbon felt as electrode, and cathode carbon felt and anode carbon felt specification are all that 4cm * 4cm * 0.5cm(is long * wide * thick), electrode distance 6cm, connects 1000 Ω extrernal resistances between electrode.Soil is middle and lower reach of Yangtze River timbered soil, is typical yellowish soil.Soil is divided into 5 parts, adds respectively the K of different Cr (VI) concentration
2cr
2o
7solution also fully mixes with soil, makes Cr in soil (VI) concentration reach 0(and does not add Cr (VI) contrast), 50,100,200 and 400mgkg
-1.Soil aging adopts respectively MFC to detect electrogenesis and adopts traditional technique in measuring dehydrogenase activity after 1 day.Adopt the detection method of MFC as follows: the different soil of 5 parts of Cr (VI) concentration (every part of dry weight 120g) is mixed with glucose respectively, and it is 3% that glucose accounts for specific gravity of soil.Mixed soil is joined in the anode chamber of 5 MFC reactors.And add distilled water in anode chamber, make soil ratio reach 1:1.In cathode chamber, pour into 50mM, the pH7 phosphate buffer of 200mL, the 50mM potassium ferricyanide.Adopt data acquisition unit record every 1000 Ω extrernal resistance both end voltage of 10min record, record altogether 48 hours.And according to formula electric current=voltage/resistance, calculate the electric current of generation, draw electric current temporal evolution curve (Fig. 2).According to formula electric weight (C)=electric current (A) * time (S), (Fig. 3 a), measures the dehydrogenase activity (Fig. 3 b) of soil simultaneously, contrasts with electric quantity change to calculate total electric weight that 48 hours MFC of operation produce.Result shows, along with the increase of soil Cr (VI) concentration, the trend that traditional dehydrogenase activity index and electric weight reflect is in full accord.
Claims (6)
1. the method for double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1, first mixes contaminated soil with glucose, glucose amount ranges is between the 3%-5% of soil dry weight; The contaminated soil that is mixed with glucose is joined in the anode chamber of two chambers soil microorganism fuel cell, soil should occupy 2/3 and above anode chamber's volume again; Then in anode chamber, add distilled water, deionized water or tap water to make soil moisture content reach maximum water-holding capacity or in waterflooding state;
Step 2, the phosphate buffered saline(PBS) of the preparation potassium ferricyanide, potassium ferricyanide concentration range is from 50mM to 200mM, and the pH of phosphate buffer is adjusted to 7, and concentration is from 50mM to 200mM; Then the phosphate buffered saline(PBS) of the potassium ferricyanide is poured into cathode chamber, occupy more than 2/3 volume of cathode chamber;
Step 3, connects by wire anode and negative electrode with load, load Standard resistance range, between 100 Ω to 1000 Ω, detects and record voltage or the electric current at load two ends, after 48 hours, stops record, according to formula:
I (electric current, A)=U (voltage, V)/R (extrernal resistance, Ω) (1)
Voltage is converted into electric current, then according to formula:
Q (electric weight, C)=I (electric current, A) * t (time, s) (2)
Calculate 48 hours electrogenesis electric weight, for evaluating pollutant toxicity.
2. the method for double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pair of chamber soil microorganism fuel cell comprises anode, negative electrode, anode pickup groove, negative electrode pickup groove, anode chamber, cathode chamber, anode chamber's top cover, cathode chamber top cover, barrier film, rubber cushion, wire, load and bolt nut, anode is arranged in the anode pickup groove of anode chamber's inner bottom part, and negative electrode is arranged in the negative electrode pickup groove of cathode chamber inner bottom part; Described anode is connected by wire with negative electrode, and wire series load; Described rubber cushion and barrier film are arranged between anode chamber and cathode chamber.
3. the method for double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, soil in described contaminated soil is all soil typess, and its pollutant comprises heavy metal pollution, Organic Pollution or soda acid and pollutes.
4. the method for double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the material of described male or female is carbon felt, carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon brush, activated carbon granule, graphite cake, graphite granule, corrosion resistant plate, stainless (steel) wire, titanium plate or titanium net.
5. according to the method for the double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity described in claim 2 or 4, it is characterized in that, described barrier film is PEM, cation-exchange membrane, ultra filtration membrane, microfiltration membranes, perfluorinated sulfonic resin film, glass fibre membrane or polycarbonate membrane.
6. according to the method for the double-chamber microbiological fuel cell electrical signal detection soil pollution toxicity described in claim 2 or 4, it is characterized in that, described cathode chamber top cover and anode chamber's top cover are dismantled and assembled, and all have aperture on cathode chamber top cover and anode chamber's top cover, for wire, pass.
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Cited By (12)
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CN104049017A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-17 | 南京师范大学 | Method for detecting soil pollution toxicity according to power generation signal of single-room microbial fuel battery |
CN104142362A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-12 | 南京师范大学 | Method for indicating activity of microorganisms of contaminated soil through miniaturized integrated microbial fuel cell |
CN105842316A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 清华大学 | Bioelectrochemical system sensor and method for detecting water quality toxicity |
CN107045012A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-08-15 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of microbiological fuel cell toxic sensors and operation method |
CN109115858A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-01 | 北京雪迪龙科技股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method of quick detection soil comprehensive toxicity |
CN109295468A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-01 | 南京师范大学 | The method for going desilver to become rusty using double-chamber microbiological fuel cell |
CN109437476A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | A method of Biodegradability of Wastewater is assessed based on microbiological fuel cell |
CN110646476A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-01-03 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | Real-time monitoring and early warning system applied to underground water in soil |
CN111443116A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Toxicity evaluation method based on microbial fuel cell |
CN113248006A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Microbial desalination cell for water used in construction site |
US11105766B2 (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2021-08-31 | Advanced Environmental Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for real-time monitoring of in situ bioactivity and biodegradation |
CN113640355A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-12 | 南京师范大学 | Visualization system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events |
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CN104049017A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-17 | 南京师范大学 | Method for detecting soil pollution toxicity according to power generation signal of single-room microbial fuel battery |
CN104142362A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-12 | 南京师范大学 | Method for indicating activity of microorganisms of contaminated soil through miniaturized integrated microbial fuel cell |
CN105842316A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-10 | 清华大学 | Bioelectrochemical system sensor and method for detecting water quality toxicity |
CN107045012A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-08-15 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of microbiological fuel cell toxic sensors and operation method |
CN107045012B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-08-13 | 北京化工大学 | A kind of microbiological fuel cell toxic sensors and operation method |
CN109115858A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-01 | 北京雪迪龙科技股份有限公司 | A kind of device and method of quick detection soil comprehensive toxicity |
CN109295468A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-01 | 南京师范大学 | The method for going desilver to become rusty using double-chamber microbiological fuel cell |
CN109437476B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-11-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for evaluating biodegradability of sewage based on microbial fuel cell |
CN109437476A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-03-08 | 北京航空航天大学 | A method of Biodegradability of Wastewater is assessed based on microbiological fuel cell |
US11105766B2 (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2021-08-31 | Advanced Environmental Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for real-time monitoring of in situ bioactivity and biodegradation |
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CN110646476B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2022-02-08 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | Real-time monitoring and early warning system applied to underground water in soil |
CN111443116A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-24 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Toxicity evaluation method based on microbial fuel cell |
CN113248006A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-13 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Microbial desalination cell for water used in construction site |
CN113640355A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-11-12 | 南京师范大学 | Visualization system for in-situ online monitoring of wetland pollution events |
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