CN103644309B - 一种耐低温蝶阀 - Google Patents

一种耐低温蝶阀 Download PDF

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CN103644309B
CN103644309B CN201310607976.0A CN201310607976A CN103644309B CN 103644309 B CN103644309 B CN 103644309B CN 201310607976 A CN201310607976 A CN 201310607976A CN 103644309 B CN103644309 B CN 103644309B
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ring
low temperature
sealing
butterfly plate
temperature resistant
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CN103644309A (zh
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张艳秋
江树勇
赵亚楠
钱存根
钱玉峰
吴纪福
张春芳
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Jiangsu billion valve Limited by Share Ltd
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JIANGSU EVALVE GROUP Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/22Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
    • F16K1/226Shaping or arrangements of the sealing
    • F16K1/2263Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat
    • F16K1/2265Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat with a channel- or U-shaped seal covering a central body portion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/22Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
    • F16K1/226Shaping or arrangements of the sealing
    • F16K1/2263Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/22Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation crossing the valve member, e.g. butterfly valves
    • F16K1/226Shaping or arrangements of the sealing
    • F16K1/2263Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat
    • F16K1/2266Shaping or arrangements of the sealing the sealing being arranged on the valve seat and being forced into sealing contact with the valve member by a spring or a spring-like member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32Details
    • F16K1/34Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/46Attachment of sealing rings
    • F16K1/465Attachment of sealing rings to the valve seats

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐低温蝶阀,属于流体控制阀门技术领域。该阀包括通过阀杆(3)偏置安装蝶板(2)的阀体(1),蝶板具有绕阀杆轴线偏转的流道开启位置和流道关闭位置,蝶板远离阀杆的一端具有周边倒角,流道对应蝶板关闭位置的周边倒角处具有密封卡槽,密封卡槽内插入圆弧端与耐低温蝶阀蝶板倒角面贴合的U形截面耐低温材料非金属密封圈(4),非金属密封圈中嵌有使圆弧端保持贴合倒角面趋势的弹簧圈(5)和保持U形截面两外侧贴合密封槽壁的支撑环(7)。由于本发明的密封圈在弹簧圈的收缩作用下与蝶板贴合密封,因此可以保证在超低温条件下的可靠有效密封。

Description

一种耐低温蝶阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耐低温蝶阀,尤其涉及一种基于形状记忆合金的高可靠超低温耐低温蝶阀密封结构,属于流体控制阀门技术领域。
背景技术
随着石油、化工和燃气行业的迅速发展,尤其是液化天然气(LNG)作为一种新兴能源的广泛应用,使得LNG用超低温阀门的需求量迅速增加。由于LNG常压下的温度为-162℃,不仅温度极低,且易燃易爆,因此对阀门的低温密封性能提出了更高和更严格的要求。
现有技术中,常温下工作的蝶阀常采用金属-非金属密封副。但在低温状态下,由于非金属材料的膨胀系数较金属材料大得多,使得其低温时的收缩量与金属密封、阀体等配合件的收缩量相差很大,从而导致密封比压严重降低,结果容易导致密封失效的结果。另外,大多数非金属材料在深冷温度下变硬、变脆,失去韧性,从而导致冷流和应力松弛。
为了防止材料在超低温下的低应力脆断,对于温度低于-100℃的工况,阀门主要零件基本考虑采用具有面心立方晶格的奥氏体不锈钢、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金等。但因铝和铜及其合金的硬度不高,密封面的耐磨、耐擦伤性能较差,所以实际在低温阀门中应用极少,而采用奥氏体不锈钢材料居多(如0Cr18Ni9、00Cr17Ni12Mo2)等。然而,奥氏体不锈钢作为低温阀门的金属密封副材料也存在着某些不足。因为这类材料大部分在常温下处于亚稳定状态,当温度降低到相变点(Ms)以下时,材料中面心立方结构的奥氏体会转变成体心立方结构的马氏体,从而引起体积变化导致内部应力增加,使原本经研磨后达到密封要求的密封面产生翘曲变形,造成密封失效。
加之零件各部分的温度差异或不同材料间物理性能的差异会引起收缩不均而产生温变应力,因此超低温阀门的可靠密封成为一道技术难题。
此外,为了确保安全,要求LNG阀门具有防火功能,即可在火灾发生,也要避免密封很快失效。据申请人了解,现有技术难以满足此要求。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的在于:针对上述现有技术存在的缺陷,提出一种在低温条件下可以保证可靠有效密封的耐低温蝶阀,从而满足LNG等超低温流体的输送需求。
本发明进一步的目的在于:提出一种发生火灾时,可以避免密封很快失效的耐低温蝶阀,从而使其具有防火功能。
为了达到上述首要目的,本发明的耐低温蝶阀包括通过阀杆偏置安装蝶板的阀体,所述蝶板具有绕阀杆轴线偏转的流道开启位置和流道关闭位置,所述蝶板远离阀杆的一端具有周边倒角,所述流道对应蝶板关闭位置的周边倒角处具有密封卡槽,所述密封卡槽内插入圆弧端与所述蝶板倒角面贴合的U形截面耐低温材料非金属密封圈,所述非金属密封圈中嵌有使所述圆弧端保持贴合倒角面趋势的弹簧圈和保持所述U形截面两外侧贴合密封槽壁的支撑环。
由于本发明的密封圈在弹簧圈的收缩作用下与蝶板贴合密封,因此既妥善解决了低温下非金属材料收缩量与金属配合件收缩量相差很大的问题,又克服了非金属材料在深冷温度下失去韧性导致的冷流和应力松弛,同时避免了全金属密封金相变化带来的麻烦,可以保证在超低温条件下的可靠有效密封。
本发明进一步的完善是,所述弹簧圈由沿环形轴线螺旋盘绕的弹性金属带材制成,因此具有良好的收缩弹性,可以产生所需的径向弹性变形。
本发明更进一步的完善是,所述支撑环位于密封槽底处,这样更有利于保持密封圈处于撑展状态,避免迂回缝隙,进一步保证密封效果。
为了达到进一步的目的,所述非金属密封圈中装有内径箍紧弹簧圈的预紧环,所述预紧圈由经深冷扩径变形处理的记忆合金制成。该预紧环在箍紧弹性圈的同时,也起到保持所述U形截面两外侧贴合密封槽壁的作用。
由于预紧环经过深冷条件下的扩径变形处理,其内径略小于弹簧圈的外径,装配时可进一步使弹簧圈产生预变形,进而提高对密封圈的密封压力,保证密封的可靠性。并且由于预紧环形具有形状记忆功能,因此当密封圈因火灾被烧损时,预紧环在高温作用下发生形状恢复,内径恢复到扩径前的尺寸,将进一步压缩弹簧圈,补偿因密封圈烧损而产生的间隙,达到避免进一步泄漏的目的。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为本发明一个实施例的结构示意图。
图2为图1的局部放大图。
图3为图1实施例的弹簧圈结构示意图。
图4为图1实施例的蝶板部分俯视图。
图中1-阀体;2-蝶板;3-阀杆;4-密封圈;5-弹簧圈;6-预紧环;7-支撑环;8-挡圈;9-固定螺钉;10-销钉。
具体实施方式
实施例一
本实施例为一种基于形状记忆合金的高可靠超低温双偏心蝶阀,其结构如图1、图2所示,包括阀体1、圆形蝶板2、阀杆3以及设置于阀体1内的密封圈4、弹簧圈5、预紧环6、支撑环7、挡圈8及固定螺钉9。
圆形的蝶板2两个具有穿孔的凸起通过销钉10与阀杆3固连,并通过阀杆偏置安装在阀体1上,阀杆3可在阀体1内转动。该蝶板2具有绕阀杆3轴线偏转的圆形流道开启位置(图4虚线位置)和关闭位置(图1),其远离阀杆3的一端具有周边倒角。圆形流道对应蝶板2关闭位置的周边倒角处具有环形密封卡槽,该密封卡槽由阀体1圆形流道扩径段处安装通过固定螺钉9固装在阀体1上的挡圈8形成。密封卡槽内插入圆弧端与蝶板2倒角面贴合的U形截面耐低温材料非金属密封圈4,非金属密封圈4中嵌有使其圆弧端保持贴合倒角面趋势的弹簧圈5、内径箍紧弹簧圈5的矩形截面预紧环6,以及保持U形截面两外侧贴合密封槽壁的矩形截面支撑环7,支撑环位于密封槽底处,从而保持密封圈处于撑展状态,有效避免迂回缝隙。
实际组装时,在非金属密封圈4的U形截面由内朝外安装弹簧圈5、预紧环6和支撑环7后,由通过固定螺钉9固装于阀体1的挡圈8将其压装固定在密封槽内。挡圈8对应预紧环6和支撑环7的位置分别具有凸起平面形成的贴紧环。
弹簧圈5的结构如图3所示,截面为直径为d的圆环,由沿直径为D的环形轴线以外径为d的螺旋盘绕的弹性金属带材制成,具有良好的收缩弹性,可以产生所需的径向弹性变形,其内径D-d略小于非金属密封圈4对应嵌装处的外径D’,因此可以使非金属密封圈4在弹簧圈5的弹力作用下径向收缩,保持圆弧端贴合倒角面的趋势,即使该密封圈4一定程度磨损,也能保证密封的可靠性。为防止非金属密封圈4在超低温条件下变硬变脆,采用耐低温的聚三氟氯乙烯密封材料制作。
预紧环6采用奥氏体相变终了温度Af较高的高温镍钛基形状记忆合金材料制成,加工时先在奥氏体状态下将其加工到一定直径,然后在深冷条件下(低于Mf点)进行扩径变形,使其内径略小于弹簧圈5的外径,装配时弹簧圈5的外径由预紧环6套住,可使弹簧圈5进一步产生预变形,增大弹簧圈5的弹力,进而提高密封圈4的密封压力,保证密封的可靠性。并且由于预紧环6为形状记忆合金,因此具有防火作用。当密封圈5因火灾被烧损时,预紧环6在高温作用下发生形状恢复,内径恢复到扩径前的尺寸,将进一步压缩弹簧圈5,补偿因密封圈5的烧损产生的间隙,达到防止泄漏的目的。
本实施例的所谓双偏心蝶阀一是圆形蝶板2的所在面偏离阀杆3的轴线,二是阀杆3的轴线在圆形蝶板2面的投影偏离该蝶板的直径(参见图4)。因此开启阀门时,阀杆3在驱动装置的带动下作逆时针旋转运动,带动蝶板2转动,在偏心力矩的作用下,蝶板2会逐渐与固定在阀体1上的密封圈4脱离,实现一个渐出脱离的过程,降低了密封副之间的机械磨损和擦伤。关闭阀门时,阀杆3在驱动装置的带动下作顺时针旋转运动,带动蝶板2转动,蝶板的外圆密封面逐渐接近并挤压密封圈4,使其产生弹性变形而借助弹性力形成的密封比压保证蝶阀密封。
试验证明,本实施例的双偏心蝶阀与已有技术相比具有以下优点:
1.由于采用结构巧妙合理的弹簧圈与密封圈的金属-非金属密封副密封,因此克服了金属-非金属在超低温条件下自身膨胀系数以及收缩量差异导致的密封比压降低恶果。
2.密封圈采用抗低温的聚三氟氯乙烯密封材料,能避免超低温条件下的变硬变脆,保证密封的可靠性。
3.密封圈内嵌入弹簧圈,可以通过弹簧预紧弹力对密封圈施加径向收缩力,保持与阀体密封面具有更大、更好的密封贴合,进一步保证了密封的可靠性。
4.采用镍钛基形状记忆合金材料制作预紧环,可在火灾发生时补偿因密封圈烧损产生的间隙,达到防止进一步泄漏的目的,具有防火功能。
上述实施例为非限制性的,本发明还可以有其它变化方式,例如预紧环截面邻近弹簧圈的表面可以是凹弧形,且与弹簧圈吻合,这样收缩时弹簧圈的盘绕外径d不会变形;再如支撑环邻近弹簧圈的表面为凸弧面,这样更便于组装和保持密封圈形状;等等。

Claims (7)

1.一种耐低温蝶阀,包括通过阀杆(3)偏置安装蝶板(2)的阀体(1),所述蝶板具有绕阀杆轴线偏转的流道开启位置和流道关闭位置,所述蝶板远离阀杆的一端具有周边倒角,其特征在于:所述流道对应蝶板关闭位置的周边倒角处具有密封卡槽,所述密封卡槽内插入圆弧端与所述蝶板倒角面贴合的U形截面耐低温材料非金属密封圈(4),所述非金属密封圈中嵌有使所述圆弧端保持贴合倒角面趋势的弹簧圈(5)和保持所述U形截面两外侧贴合密封槽壁的支撑环(7);所述弹簧圈由沿环形轴线螺旋盘绕的弹性金属带材制成;所述支撑环位于密封槽底处;所述非金属密封圈中装有内径箍紧弹簧圈的预紧环(6),所述预紧圈由经深冷扩径变形处理的记忆合金制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐低温蝶阀,其特征在于:所述蝶板为圆形蝶板,所述流道为圆形流道,所述圆形蝶板的所在面偏离所述阀杆的轴线,所述阀杆的轴线在圆形蝶板面的投影偏离所述圆形蝶板的直径。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐低温蝶阀,其特征在于:所述密封卡槽由阀体圆形流道扩径段处安装固装在阀体上的挡圈形成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的耐低温蝶阀,其特征在于:所述挡圈对应预紧环和支撑环的位置分别具有凸起平面形成的贴紧环。
5.根据权利要求4所述的耐低温蝶阀,其特征在于:所述非金属密封圈采用聚三氟氯乙烯密封材料制作,所述预紧环采用镍钛基形状记忆合金材料制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的耐低温蝶阀,其特征在于:所述预紧环截面邻近所述弹簧圈的表面是与弹簧圈吻合的凹弧形。
7.根据权利要求6所述的耐低温蝶阀,其特征在于:所述支撑环邻近弹簧圈的表面为凸弧面。
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CN104265892A (zh) * 2014-09-17 2015-01-07 江苏亿阀集团有限公司 一种用于低温阀门的复合密封圈
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