CN103635349B - Method for operating an electric machine coupled to an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle and arithmetic unit - Google Patents

Method for operating an electric machine coupled to an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle and arithmetic unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103635349B
CN103635349B CN201280031962.2A CN201280031962A CN103635349B CN 103635349 B CN103635349 B CN 103635349B CN 201280031962 A CN201280031962 A CN 201280031962A CN 103635349 B CN103635349 B CN 103635349B
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motor
under
accumulator
exciting current
current
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CN103635349A (en
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R.赫比希
J.勒斯纳
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SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
    • B60W30/18109—Braking
    • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/08—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a DC motor
    • H02P3/14—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing a DC motor by regenerative braking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
    • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an AC motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/425—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • B60W2510/242—Energy storage means for electrical energy
    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating an electric machine that is coupled to an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle. The electric machine has a stator winding, a rotor winding, a field controller assigned to the rotor winding, and a power converter which is connected downstream of the stator winding and which comprises actuatable switching elements. An excitation current flowing through the rotor winding is specified dependent on an operating mode of the electric machine, and the electric machine is operated as a generator in a first generator operating mode in order to brake the motor vehicle, the braking energy that is recovered during the braking process being stored.

Description

The method and arithmetic element of the motor that operation is coupled with internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and arithmetic element for running the motor for coupling with internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle.
Background technology
In a motor vehicle Jing frequently with the claw pole generator with electric excitation as motor.By the electricity of rotor windings Stream is used as to be predefined for adjusting the adjustable parameter of desired output voltage and by the field regulator attached troops to a unit.The regulation is for example Preventing, the magnitude of voltage of surging being provided by the very different motor speed with electromotor, these magnitudes of voltage are necessary Shi Keneng damages rearmounted electric device.
It is known that using motor as starter-generator, so that one side is started under the motor running of motor（Open It is dynamic）On the other hand internal combustion engine and produce under the generator operation of motor for the electric current of onboard power system and for motor-driven The electric current that car accumulator charges.
Motor for vehicle traction is known in motor vehicle driven by mixed power field.It is in this to aim at, in the slow-speed of revolution Lower support internal combustion engine（So-called pressure operation, turbo lag compensation（Turboloch-Kompensation））, at the low rotational speed Internal combustion engine does not also provide its completely moment of torsion.With system as concept " regenerative system " description, make in such a system It is that electromotor runs motor with moment of torsion as big as possible, to brake the braking energy that the vehicle and temporary here are reclaimed.It is logical Often for this purpose using the synchronous motor of permanent excitation, which is in high voltage（Generally>100V）Lower operation.This is with transmission In system, the protective measure of big change and the high cost brought due to high voltage result in the system structure of complexity.Except height Integrated expense as system cause high extra charge.
It is desirable that, it is also possible to hybrid power operation is realized with conventional motor economically and/or operation is regenerated.
The content of the invention
A kind of method for running the motor for coupling with internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle, wherein institute are proposed according to the present invention State motor have stator winding, rotor windings, the field regulator for being associated with the rotor windings and after be placed in the stator winding Current transformer, the current transformer have can trigger switch element, wherein advance depending on the present mode of operation of the motor It is determined that by the exciting current of the rotor windings, wherein the motor is transported as electromotor under the first generator operation pattern OK, to brake the motor vehicles, wherein the braking energy that storage here is reclaimed, wherein, under the second generator operation pattern When the rotating speed of the motor is less than rotary speed threshold value, according to the charged state for having accumulator to be charged is so predefined Exciting current, so as to charge for the accumulator with being less than the first charge threshold.A kind of arithmetic element is also proposed, arranges described Arithmetic element is implementing described method.
It has by the invention been realized, can also use conventional motor for hybrid power runs and/or regeneration runs（For example Starter-generator of claw pole generator or belt drives etc.）, its method is to provide a kind of particular type of exciting current Preset value.Exciting current is provided differently in particular according to the operational mode of motor, wherein being especially to discriminate between multiple electromotor fortune Row mode and/or multiple motoring-mode operations.Here so adjusts exciting current, so that the exciting current is for corresponding Operational mode it is as optimum as possible.Particularly exciting current preset value is not for all operational modes are all identicals.Therefore Exciting current is provided according to a kind of each other regulations under at least two operational modes, such as in the first generator operation pattern It is lower according to desired braking moment and under other operational modes according to desired generator voltage.
It is necessary by applying conventional motor almost not change in power train.The efficiency of motor can be improved. If realized as regulation predetermined, then can particularly accurately retain desired exciting current（“IErr”）.
The motor running and generator operation of motor can be roughly distinguished first as operational mode.In addition Shut-off operation can be considered, exciting current is turned off in this mode.
Motor running advantageously comprises starting process（" starting "）, starting/stopping operation and/or electrically support traveling fortune OK（So-called boost mode）.
Basically by the type controlled to trigger generator operation of the switch element of current transformer.Generator operation is favourable Ground includes the boost chopper as the load with accumulator（HSS）, as with accumulator load active rectifier （AGLR；Here switchs the switch element in natural switch instant, produces as in traditional diode rectifier Similar characteristic）, the AGLR with the electric zero moment and/or AGLR with electric braking operation.
Exciting current is predefined according to the I-U characteristic curves of vehicle battery preferably in a kind of design. This charges a battery with a rated current for determining and subsequently with a rated voltage for determining first.Preferably also basis turns Speed（nG）With the moment of torsion for requiring（MWunsch）Predetermined exciting current（IErr）.The preset value of exciting current can be depended on Other parameter, such as depending on temperature（T）, stator voltage（UG）And/or stator current（IG）.Also, it is preferred that according to load Voltage and current predefines exciting current, and the load voltage and electric current are exported in onboard power system.
It is preferred that predefining exciting current according to one or more operational modes for subsequently illustrating.3000 turns of here selection Per point（U/min）Rotary speed threshold value be purely illustrative and depending on motor so-called starting speed.
Pattern 0（First motoring-mode operation）：Start internal combustion engine
Exciting current is advantageously adjusted to its maximum permissible value by here（IErr_Grenz）, it is as big as possible to obtain Magnetic current, so as to motor provides the maximum starting torque under minimum phase current to internal combustion engine.Maximum phase current（IPhase_ Max）It is conditioned.
Pattern 1（First motoring-mode operation）：Start internal combustion engine（Starting/stopping）
Exciting current is advantageously adjusted to its maximum permissible value by here（IErr_Grenz）, it is as big as possible to obtain Magnetic current, so as to motor provides the maximum starting torque under minimum phase current to internal combustion engine.Can be with starting/stopping operation Little exciting current is kept in stop phase.This has the advantage that, can realize that back to back motor rises without delay It is dynamic.
Pattern 2（Second motoring-mode operation）：The torque of internal combustion engine is supported（Hybrid power operation, pressure operation）
Not only by stator current but also controling parameter be used as by exciting current realize regulation in this operating mode, To adjust desired rated moment.Stator current quilt in the dq coordinate systems that rotor is fixed as known in the literature Description, so as to produce three controling parameters Id, Iq and IErr.Maximum stator current（IG_Max）It is conditioned.Turn in higher When fast, motor reaches its voltage limit and runs in degaussing.Not only by stator electricity in the motor that can be adjusted outside this Stream composition Id（Traveling angles of the pre- commutation angle alpha=between rotor and stator field）And adjusted by the exciting current in rotor Save the degaussing.Here so selects the degaussing according to operating point so that can adjust desired specified with optimum efficiency Torque.In controling parameter and desired rated moment（MWunsch）Between relation preferably deposited in the form of combined characteristic curve Storage：（Id、Iq、IErr）=f（MWunsch, rotating speed）.
Can be with design temperature（T）And/or generator speed（nG）And/or stator voltage（UG）Dependency.
In order to be less than maximum allowable battery current, controling parameter can additionally depend on battery current.
Pattern 3（Second generator operation pattern）：Less than such as 3000U/min（Turn per point）Rotary speed threshold value electromotor Operation
Because electromotor in the range of speeds in traditional rectification can not output, current transformer is in the fortune Run as boost chopper under row mode.As in mode 2, parameter Id, Iq and IErr are used as controling parameter.Excitation electricity Stream（IErr）Here is preferably adjusted to its maximum permissible value as in pattern 1, adjusts and is realized by Id and Iq.Maximum phase current （IPhase_Max）, stator current（IG）And stator voltage（UG）It is conditioned.
Little fractional load can also be triggered with less exciting current in another embodiment.Controling parameter has again Sharp ground is stored in the form of combined characteristic curve：（Id、Iq、IErr）=f（MSoll, rotating speed）.
And here should be less than the maximum charging voltage or maximum charging current of accumulator, so as to controling parameter also may be used With depending on these accumulator parameters.Preferably only only up to the first charge threshold（Charged state-SOC）Realize filling for accumulator Electricity.
Pattern 4（3rd generator operation pattern）：Higher than such as 3000U/min（Turn per point）Rotary speed threshold value electromotor Operation
With active rectifier in the range of speeds（AGLR）Run the motor.Controling parameter here only encourages electricity Stream, because by changing naturally the triggering for predefining stator.Can be with design temperature（T）And/or generator speed（nG）And/or Stator current（IG）And/or stator voltage（UG）Dependency.Stator current（IG）And stator voltage（UG）It is conditioned.
In order to be charged a battery according to the characteristic curve for determining, it is possible to, electric power storage is predefined as specified parameter Pond electric current and/or battery tension：IErr =f（USoll, rotating speed）IErr=f in other words（ISoll, rotating speed）.
The charging of accumulator is only realized only up to the second charge threshold preferably.Further preferably the second charge threshold is big In the first charge threshold.
Pattern 5（4th generator operation pattern）：Idle running
Dynamo current is not required in this condition and exciting current is so predefined so that stator current is zero. This is particularly the situation in IErr=0.The pattern is for example used, so as to start or generator torque acceleration when cause Internal combustion engine removes load or after the regeneration step by the energy output reclaimed to onboard power system.The state is kept advantageously, directly To at or below the 3rd charge threshold.
Pattern 6（First generator operation pattern）：Electric braking
Here so predefines exciting current according to the desired braking moment that motor is managed so that collect maximum Braking energy.Here charges a battery until upper charge threshold.Exciting current to be regulated so passes through form：IErr=f （MSoll, rotating speed）Combined characteristic curve produce.Can be with design temperature（T）And/or generator speed（nG）And/or stator electricity Stream（IG）And/or stator voltage（UG）Dependency.
Stator current（IG）And stator voltage（UG）It is conditioned.
Mode 7：" motor shut-off "
Exciting current can be turned off in this operating mode selectively.And, once more than the 3rd or the 4th charging threshold Value, advantageously only keeps the state.
The preferred selection of related parameter under corresponding operational mode is summarized in form in the diagram.Wherein list Above-mentioned eight kinds of operational modes（Referring to " pattern " a line）.
List in " demand " a line：Which system needs the pattern and there must be which condition.If demand Different pattern, then the pattern with minimum numerical value is selected in region " priority " a line.
Managed by motor（System）Implement with regard to driving moment and braking moment driver expect torque regulation or Person says that control and motor stop the coordination for requiring.
Charge Management（System）For being charged a battery by UI characteristic curves（I characteristic curves：Constant brake force Square, constant charging current U characteristic curve：Constant voltage）.In addition aim at, collect Brake Energy as much as possible Amount and realize in enough dump energies starting/stopping and slide requirement.To this control corresponding to preferential requirement and with regard to The battery state of charge of each operational mode.
If motor is run with a voltage under motor running, the voltage is positioned in common 12V onboard power systems voltage On however under the contact voltage of the permission of 60V, then improve the moment of torsion exported by motor, and especially high cost Additional safety measure becomes unnecessary.12V is significantly higher than by the voltage, using what is added（In traditional electromotor Do not set）Pattern 3（Boost chopper）.Voltage in known hybrid power system, electricity are substantially less than by the voltage Machine has been issued to its voltage limit in significantly less rotating speed and has operated in degaussing（Pattern 2）In.
Triggering device according to the arithmetic element such as motor vehicles of the present invention is particularly set as implementing on programming technique According to the method for the present invention.
And realize that the present invention is favourable in the form of software, because this causes especially little cost, particularly when The triggering device of execution is additionally operable to other task and therefore after all exists.For providing the suitable data of computer program Carrier be particularly disk, hard disk, flash memory, EEPROM, CD-ROM, DVD and other etc..And pass through computer network（Cause Special net, corporate intranet etc.）It is possible to download.
The additional advantage and design of the present invention results from description and appended accompanying drawing.
It is obvious that it is aforesaid and it is subsequent also by the feature of elaboration not only by the combination for being given respectively but also with other Combination is individually applicable, without departing from protection scope of the present invention.
Description of the drawings
Embodiment in reference to the accompanying drawings schematically shows the present invention and which is carried out in detail hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing It is thin to illustrate.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of embodiment of the motor with current transformer, and the current transformer has the switch unit that can trigger Part, as which can be used as the basis of the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows a kind of embodiment of the motor vehicles regenerative system with the motor especially in accordance with Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 show according to the present invention it is a kind of preferred embodiment, in operational mode and battery state of charge Between relation；
Fig. 4 shows the preferred of related under corresponding operational mode parameter for above-mentioned eight kinds of operational modes Select.
Specific embodiment
Show motor in FIG in form of a circuit diagram and represent with 100 on the whole, as which can be used as this Bright basis is like that.The motor has generator assembly 10 and unsteady flow device assembly 20.The unsteady flow device assembly sending out in motor Run usually as commutator under motor operation, and as invertor operation under motor running.
What generator assembly 10 was diagrammatically only connected with the stator winding 11 of Y-connection and with diodes in parallel swashs The form for encouraging winding rotor windings 12 in other words is illustrated.The rotor windings are periodically switched by power switch 13, described Power switch is connected with the joint 24 of unsteady flow device assembly 20.Standard implementation of the triggering of power switch 13 according to field regulator 15, Wherein power switch 13 is equally generally integrated in the special of field regulator as the diode being connected in parallel with rotor windings 12 Integrated circuit（ASIC）In.
A threephase generator is shown in the category of application.But the present invention is also applicable in less or more in principle In the electromotor of multiphase, such as five-phase generator.
20 here of unsteady flow device assembly is designed as B6 and switchs and have switch element 21, and which for example can be designed as MOSFET 21.MOSFET 21 is for example connected with the corresponding stator winding 11 of electromotor by bus-bar.In addition the MOSFET and joint 24th, 24 ' connections and in the generator operation of motor it is corresponding be available for when triggering motor vehicles including accumulator 30 The DC current of onboard power system is used.The triggering of switch element 21 realized via trigger port 26 by triggering device 25, wherein Not every part is designed with reference for clarity reasons.Triggering device 25 passes through 27 points of one or more phase passages The phase voltage of each stator winding is not obtained.Other device can be provided in order to provide the phase voltage, however it is described other Device is not shown for clarity reasons.
Triggering device 25 exists（It is synchronous）The analyzing and processing of the phase voltage by the offer of phase passage 27 is carried out in commutator operation And thereby determine that single MOSFET's 21 turns on and off the moment accordingly.By the control action of trigger port 26 in The gate pole joint of MOSFET 21.
The field regulator 15 provided in known field regulator, category such as preferably has so-called V-arrangement Clamped nipple 19, which is connected with the one of the stator winding of electromotor.Connect the frequency of V-arrangement terminal signals phase input signal in other words In actuator 15 it is analyzed process and according to the characteristic parameter of the signal be used for activation or deexcitation conditioner operation simultaneously And be eventually used for triggering power switch 13 by triggering wire 14.Phase signals for phase signals input 19 can also be as shown Guided by triggering device 25 like that.
Motor 100 is used under motor running, motor vehicles to be driven individually or with combustion engine combination.It is preferred that making With accumulator as power supply, the accumulator is with the voltage higher than common 12V onboard power systems voltage（Such as 40V）. Motor 100 used in generator operation, to produce energy and brake motor-car if necessary.
Show the regenerative system of motor vehicles in fig. 2 in form of a circuit diagram and represent with 200 on the whole, as which Can be as the basis of the present invention like that.The regenerative system 200 is with motor 201, especially in accordance with the motor 100 of Fig. 1.
Regenerative system 200 is with than usual onboard power system voltage higher voltage（Such as 40V）Region A and have logical Normal onboard power system voltage（Such as 12V）Region B.Higher voltage is anyway in a kind of contact voltage of permission（About 60V）Under, so as to the protective measure of high cost be it is unnecessary, motor 201 however the moment of torsion of raising can be exported.Region A and B is coupled by DC/DC transducers 204.
The first accumulator for being designed as " high voltage " accumulator 202 is disposed with region a, and which is for example in motor running Power for motor 201 down.203 same arrangement of possible high voltage load is in region a.
The second accumulator for being designed as " normal voltage " accumulator 205 is disposed with the B of region, its be used for according to phase place to Region B powers, and wherein motor 201 is not as generator operation.Possible load 206,207 is equally arranged in the B of region.
Under generator operation, motor 201 is powered to region A and B and is charged to accumulator 202 and 205.
Exciting current is predefined in scope of the invention according to the operational mode of motor.
In figure 3 according to a kind of preferred embodiment in the operational mode above listed in the table of the present invention Show the relation between the battery state of charge SOC represented in operational mode 1 to mode 7 and with percents.If Just there are multiple accumulator as shown in Figure 2, then battery state of charge advantageously relates to play decision work respectively The accumulator of accumulator, the accumulator being that is electrically charged or motor.
The selection for having operational mode to be used is so realized advantageously, so that collecting maximum Brake Energy Amount.There is the selection of operational mode to be used in particular according to priority and motor speed, expect torque, temperature and SOC The threshold value of restriction is realized.Then the operational mode for selection correspondingly predefines exciting current.
Described charge threshold is produced by Fig. 3.First charge threshold here is, for example, 40%（Referring to the lower limit of pattern 3）, Two charge thresholds are 50%（Referring to the lower limit of pattern 4）, the 3rd charge threshold be 37%（Referring to the lower limit of pattern 5）.

Claims (19)

1. the motor that operation is coupled with internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle is used for（100；201）Method, wherein the motor have it is fixed Sub- winding（11）, rotor windings（12）, be associated with the rotor windings（12）Field regulator（15）The stator is placed in after Winding（11）Current transformer（20）, the current transformer is with the switch element that can trigger（21）, wherein depending on the motor Present mode of operation is predefined by the rotor windings（12）Exciting current, wherein the motor（100；201） As generator operation under one generator operation pattern, to brake the motor vehicles, wherein the Brake Energy that storage here is reclaimed Amount, wherein, in the motor under the second generator operation pattern（100；201）Rotating speed when being less than rotary speed threshold value, according to having Accumulator to be charged（202、205）Charged state so predefine the exciting current, so as to be less than the first charging Charge for the accumulator on threshold value ground.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, braking moment and/or the rotating speed of the motor according to demand is advance It is determined that the exciting current under the first generator operation pattern.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, according to there is accumulator to be charged（202、205）Charged state it is pre- First determine the motor（100；201）Operational mode.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein, the motor（100；201）As motor running, to export torsion Square is to the internal combustion engine.
5. method according to claim 2, wherein, the motor（100；201）As motor running, to export torsion Square is to the internal combustion engine.
6. method according to claim 3, wherein, the motor（100；201）As motor running, to export torsion Square is to the internal combustion engine.
7. method according to claim 4, wherein, maximize the exciting current under the first motoring-mode operation.
8. the method according to claim 4 or 7, wherein, according in following parameter under the second motoring-mode operation At least one parameter predefines the exciting current：The rotating speed of motor, rated moment preset value, stator voltage, stator current, Temperature in motor.
9. method according to claim 1, wherein, in the motor under the 3rd generator operation pattern（100；201） Rotating speed when being higher than rotary speed threshold value, according to there is accumulator to be charged（202、205）Charged state so predefine it is described Exciting current, so as to charge for the accumulator with being less than the second charge threshold.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein, second charge threshold is higher than first charge threshold.
11. methods according to claim 1, wherein, according to there is accumulator to be charged under generator drive pattern （202、205）Predetermined I-U characteristic curves predefine the exciting current.
12. methods according to claim 11, wherein, the exciting current is so predefined, it is described so as to be less than There is accumulator to be charged（202、205）Upper temperature threshold.
13. methods according to claim 10, wherein, so predefine under the 4th generator operation pattern described sharp Electric current is encouraged, so as in rotor windings（12）Do not have electric current to sense the stator winding during rotation（11）In.
14. methods according to claim 13, wherein, when for the motor（100；201）The accumulator of power supply （202）Charged state more than three times charge thresholds when, only run the motor under the 4th generator operation pattern.
15. methods according to claim 1, wherein, the exciting current is turned off under shut-off operational mode.
16. methods according to claim 1, wherein, transported in motor with the voltage higher than common onboard power system voltage The motor is run under row mode（10）.
17. methods according to claim 16, wherein, the voltage is between 12V and 60V.
18. methods according to claim 17, wherein, the voltage is more than 30V.
19. arithmetic elements, arrange the arithmetic element to implement the method according to any one of the claims.
CN201280031962.2A 2011-06-30 2012-06-06 Method for operating an electric machine coupled to an internal combustion engine in a motor vehicle and arithmetic unit Active CN103635349B (en)

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