CN103632117B - Active RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) positioning method based on direct sequence spread spectrum technology - Google Patents
Active RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) positioning method based on direct sequence spread spectrum technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN103632117B CN103632117B CN201310612126.XA CN201310612126A CN103632117B CN 103632117 B CN103632117 B CN 103632117B CN 201310612126 A CN201310612126 A CN 201310612126A CN 103632117 B CN103632117 B CN 103632117B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) positioning method based on a direct sequence spread spectrum technology. The method mainly comprises the steps: a fixed tag awakes an appointed mobile tag through broadcasting the positioning information; the mobile tag replies the position information by a direct spread spectrum sequence; the distance information is computed by the fixed tag and is transmitted to a reader; a host computer collects a plurality of pieces of distance information from the reader and calculates the position of the mobile tag. The communication between the position tag and the mobile tag is completed by using the direct spread spectrum sequence, and the position of the tag is obtained by calculation; thus when the measurement distance is longer, the measurement precision can be still higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, it is related to a kind of active rfid localization method, specifically one kind is based on straight
Connect the design of the active rfid localization method of sequence spread spectrum techniques.
Background technology
Existing radio frequency positioning short-distance technique has radar fix, wireless direction-finding to walk, signal strength signal intensity rssi positioning, toa
The localization method such as (radio signal transmission time) and tdao (radio signal transmission time difference).Alignment system searched by radar, just
It is using the outside in different directions transmission signal of radar, then by the analysis being searched target return signal, to determine quilt
The position of searching target, the exemplary of this way it is simply that search the aircraft of enemy using military radar, but this side
Method due to apparatus expensive, bulky it is clear that not being suitable for typically positioning application yet.Wireless direction-finding walk system it is necessary first to
With the object being searched, a simple wireless signal generating means, intermittent outside transmission signal are installed, search people
Member's needs determine the general direction of signal source using moving towards antenna and audiomonitor, and the power according to signal, to judge quilt
The Position Approximate of searching target, although this method is simple, poor accuracy.
Due to the progress of technology, the micropower transceiver that many single-chips are made now, all there is signal strength signal intensity instruction
(rssi) function, thus, using the signal strength signal intensity size (rssi) receiving, to differentiate moving target position, also to become a kind of
The method of positioning.
Using measurement radiofrequency signal from searching target, the method positioning to monitoring radio receiver monitor transmission time (toa), due to right
The synchronization requirement of signal source and signal receiver time is very high, thus also impracticable；Using two kinds of unlike signal (examples of measurement
As radiofrequency signal and ultrasonic signal), the method positioning to signal receiver transmission time difference (tdoa) from signal source, due to needing
To use two kinds of different signals, also be accomplished by launching using two kinds and receiving the equipment of unlike signal, such as ultrasonic wave occurs
And receiving device, this just increases cost, meanwhile, the accuracy of this localization method direct phase with the precision of time difference measurements
Close, this adds increased its use difficulty, this also prevents one from its application.
Rfid (radio frequency identification) is a kind of wireless communication technology, can pass through radio
Signal identification specific objective simultaneously reads and writes related data, and connects without foundation machinery or optics between identifying system and specific objective
Touch.Wireless signal is the electromagnetic field by being tuned into radio frequency, and data is transmitted on the label being attached to article
Go out, with automatic identification and this article of tracking.Some labels can be obtained by from the electromagnetic field that identifier sends in identification
Energy, does not need battery；Also label is had to have power supply in itself it is possible to actively send radio wave (to be tuned into radio frequency
Electromagnetic field).But rfid localization method in the prior art has the drawback that and is easily disturbed by signal, and
If distant when mobile target is positioned there is also the not high shortcoming of certainty of measurement.
The distance-finding method being currently based on rssi is typically using following logarithm loss model:
In formula, d is the distance between transmitter and receiver；d0It is ginseng
Examine distance；η is fading channel index；General value 2～4；xσBe average be zero, the gaussian random noise variable of meansquaredeviationσ；pl
(d0) it is range transmitter d0The signal strength signal intensity at place；Pl (d) is the signal strength signal intensity at range transmitter d；pl(d0) warp can be passed through
Test and draw, or obtain from hardware specification definition.Can be obtained apart from d by signal strength signal intensity pl (d) by this equation.In addition also have
Decay factor model, this class model includes the change that building type impact and obstacle cause.Although these methods are non-
Often simply it is not required that increasing hardware especially, but because the evaluated error of rssi signal strength signal intensity is very big, influence factor is also very
Many, thus accuracy is also excessively poor, particularly small range is closely even more so.
Content of the invention
The invention aims in solution prior art rfid localization method exist shortcoming and provide one kind to be based on
The rfid localization method of direct sequence spread spectrum skill.
The technical scheme is that the rfid localization method based on direct sequence spread spectrum skill, specifically include:
S1, the position of setting fixed labels, and by the positional information of fixed labels and id information by reader send to
Host computer, is stored by host computer；
S2, from reader to fixed labels send positioning instruction, fixed labels receive positioning instruction；
S3, fixed labels carry out Direct-Spread communication with mobile tag in coverage area, mobile tag by itself
Id information fixed labels are returned back to by direct spreading sequence；
S4, fixed labels calculate and the distance of mobile tag, and by the id information of range information and fixed labels send to
Reader, reader receives the location information of all fixed labels transmissions and uploads to host computer, by host computer root
Compare with the location information receiving according to the id information of the fixed labels of storage and obtain the positional information of mobile tag.
Further, described fixed labels and mobile tag be by default all in periodic sleep state, every
Regular time can come to life from periodic sleep intercept in the range of whether have positioning instruction.
Further, described mobile tag sends to fixed labels location information process to be experienced in mobile tag
For: information coding, the generation of signal format, Direct-Spread is modulated, baseband filtering, shaping, quadrature up-conversion, and passband filters, letter
Number amplify, be sent to fixed labels eventually through antenna.
Further, described fixed labels to obtain the phase place between upstream sequence and descending sequence pseudo-code by essence synchronization
Differ from and to calculate the distance between fixed labels and mobile tag.
Further, the communication process of the DSSS between described fixed labels and mobile tag and calculating are solid
The process that distance and mobile tag between is signed in calibration is: positioning instruction is carried out framing by fixed labels first, is then spread,
Through quadrature up-conversion, modulate on carrier wave and launched by antenna, spread-spectrum signal enters in the region that fixed labels cover
Row broadcast；
Mobile tag receives positioning instruction, after demodulated and despreading, obtains positioning instruction, pseudo- code generator generates and replicates
Pseudo-code sequence, is synchronized with the upstream sequence of locking, replicates pseudo-code sequence and modulates descending carrier as downstream signal, by direct
The mode of sequence spread spectrum is sent to corresponding fixed labels；
The fixed labels location information replied by mobile tag of acquisition, then pass through comparator and contrast this pseudo-code sequence and
The phase place of the up pseudo-code sequence just sending, calculates the time difference, deducts fixing time delay, obtain total time delay, calculate fixation
The distance between label and mobile tag.
Further, sequence pseudo-code in spreading procedure selects m-sequence as spread-spectrum pseudo code, and the form of signal is by frame
Head, flag, data segment and crc verification composition, wherein said frame head is used for signal trace, and flag is as arrival time timing
Mark, data segment comprises the id of location tags and mobile tag, and for the differentiation of different labels, crc verifies for error checking and correction.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the rfid localization method based on direct sequence spread spectrum skill for the present invention is by using straight
Connect the communication that frequency expansion sequence completes between location tags and mobile tag, and the distance between the two calculating, and will be related
Range information calculates and is sent to reader, and mutually multiple range informations are then sent to computer by reader, in a computer
Then can be thus realizing positioning in a peacekeeping hyperspace for the electronic tag；Because spreading codes information is concerned with, i.e. an information
A complete PN-code capture is filled out, so can use the bit synchronization signal as information code for the proper phase of spreading code, so in code
The precision of range finding is dependent on the precision of receiving terminal pseudo-code tracing, and unambiguous distance is determined by the length of information frame, Ke Yiyong
Find range in remote, obtain accurate position with the mode of spread spectrum, then by being calculated label position, thus can solve
Certainly measurement distance farther out when, still obtain the high certainty of measurement of comparison.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) based on the rfid localization method of direct sequence spread spectrum skill for the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention based on localizing environment in the rfid localization method of direct sequence spread spectrum skill；
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention is marked mobile based on location information in the rfid localization method of direct sequence spread spectrum skill
The process of experience in label；
Fig. 4 is the embodiment of the present invention based on mobile tag in the rfid localization method of direct sequence spread spectrum skill and fixing mark
Positioning schematic between label.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further elaborated with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It is illustrated in figure 1 the FB(flow block) based on the rfid localization method of direct sequence spread spectrum skill for the embodiment of the present invention,
Specifically include:
S1, the position of setting fixed labels, and by the positional information of fixed labels and id information by reader send to
Host computer, is stored by host computer；
S2, from reader to fixed labels send positioning instruction, fixed labels receive positioning instruction；
S3, fixed labels carry out Direct-Spread communication with mobile tag in coverage area, mobile tag by itself
Id information fixed labels are returned back to by direct spreading sequence；
S4, fixed labels calculate and the distance of mobile tag, and by the id information of range information and fixed labels send to
Reader, reader receives the location information of all fixed labels transmissions and uploads to host computer, by host computer root
Compare with the location information receiving according to the id information of the fixed labels of storage and obtain the positional information of mobile tag.
In order to skilled artisans appreciate that and implement the present invention, retouched in detail below in conjunction with instantiation
State, be illustrated in figure 2 the embodiment of the present invention based on localizing environment in the rfid localization method of direct sequence spread spectrum skill:
In technical solution of the present invention, mobile tag is a relatively simple single-chip signal receiver transmitter, its transmitting
Power can be controlled by way of software or hardware, typically battery-powered, carries with chip, in order to reach power saving
Purpose, after mobile tag is started working, by default, periodic sleep state can be entered, at set intervals will
Periodically whether revival has, to intercept, the positioning instruction coming from fixed labels broadcast.Refer to if there are the positioning from fixed labels
Make information, then the relevant information of label will be sent within a shorter time after Direct-Spread by mobile tag
To fixed labels.
The structure of fixed labels is roughly the same with mobile tag, and its positional information is all fixed and stored with the mutually care of itself
In host computer, and likewise, it also can carry out periodic sleep, will revive at set intervals whether to intercept
There is the positioning instruction from reader, once having, then in the region covering, positioning instruction is broadcasted by frequency expansion sequence, and wait
Receive the positional information that mobile tag returns, calculate relative distance between the two, finally by the range information calculating
It is sent to reader.
General reader is a signal receiver transmitter being connected with host computer, both can enter with fixed labels
Row communication can also directly be communicated with mobile tag, and when being positioned, reader sends positioning to fixed labels first
Instruction, and accept to send, by location tags, the range information of returning, after receiving range information, more related distance is sent to
Host computer.
Host computer namely computer in general sense, the inside store the id information of each fixed labels and its
Positional information, also stores the id information of each mobile tag, for identifying different label informations, so accepting to be derived from it
Reader is collected after the range information that the transmission of different fixed labels comes, you can calculate the real time position of mobile tag.
To be described in detail by the specific course of work below, and first positioning be sent to fixed labels from reader and refer to
Order, fixed labels are by periodic sleep before receiving the positioning instruction that reader is sent, the cycle at set intervals
Property revival to intercept the signal sent from reader, after receiving the positioning instruction that reader is sent, be put into work shape
State, and send specific positioning instruction into overlay area, mobile tag is waken up after receiving specific wake-up instruction, specific
Mobile tag be waken up after, to corresponding fixed labels reply a positional information, between fixed labels and mobile tag with
DSSS is communicated, and fixed labels calculate both according to the phasometer between upstream sequence and descending sequence pseudo-code
Distance, and immediately the distance calculated is sent to reader, reader identification being transmitted across from different fixed labels
The range information coming, and range information is sent to host computer, host computer is believed according to the position of the fixation of fixed labels
Breath and corresponding range information, calculate the position of mobile tag in real time.
The communication process of the DSSS between described fixed labels and mobile tag and calculating fixed labels and shifting
Between dynamic label, the process of distance is: positioning instruction is carried out framing by fixed labels first, is then spread, through just handing in
Frequency conversion, modulates on carrier wave and is launched by antenna, spread-spectrum signal is broadcasted in the region that fixed labels cover；Mobile
Label receives positioning instruction, after demodulated and despreading, obtains positioning instruction, pseudo- code generator generates and replicates pseudo-code sequence, with
Walk in the upstream sequence of locking, replicate pseudo-code sequence and modulate descending carrier as downstream signal, by DSSS
Mode is sent to corresponding fixed labels；The location information that fixed labels acquisition is replied by mobile tag, then pass through comparator pair
Than the phase place of this pseudo-code sequence and the up pseudo-code sequence being originally sent, calculate the time difference, deduct fixing time delay, obtain
Total time delay, calculates the distance between fixed labels and mobile tag.And pseudo-code in spreading procedure for the sequence selects m-sequence
As spread-spectrum pseudo code, the form of signal is made up of frame head, flag, data segment and crc verification, and wherein said frame head is used for signal
Follow the tracks of, as arrival time timing markers, data segment comprises the id of location tags and mobile tag to flag, for different labels
Differentiation, crc verifies for error checking and correction.
During mobile tag sends positional information to fixed labels, positional information will be through substantially: information is compiled
Code, the generation of signal format, Direct-Spread is modulated, baseband filtering, shaping, quadrature up-conversion, and passband filters, and signal amplifies,
Eventually fixed labels are sent to by antenna, its process is as shown in Figure 3.
During spread-spectrum signal obtains, because the distance between fixed labels in the present invention and mobile tag exist
Not over a chip in embodiment in pseudo-code, so not needing to capture this link to ensure phase during synchronizing
Position is less than the width of a code element it is only necessary to carry out essence synchronization to obtain the phase difference between uplink and downlink pseudo-code, smart synchronous
Namely follow the tracks of.The problem followed the tracks of can be solved well by delay lock loop, and final phase difference is through location tags
Pseudo-code phase comparator draw, then can obtain the distance between mobile tag and location tags, its detailed process such as Fig. 4
Shown.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, embodiment described here is to aid in reader and understands this
Bright principle is it should be understood that the protection domain of invention is not limited to such special statement and embodiment.Every according to upper
State description and make various possible equivalents or change, be all considered to belong to the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the rfid localization method based on direct sequence spread spectrum skill is it is characterised in that specifically include:
S1, the position of setting fixed labels, and the positional information of fixed labels and id information are sent to upper by reader
Computer, is stored by host computer；
S2, from reader to fixed labels send positioning instruction, fixed labels receive positioning instruction；
S3, fixed labels carry out Direct-Spread communication with mobile tag in coverage area, and mobile tag is by the id of itself
Information returns back to fixed labels by direct spreading sequence；
S4, fixed labels calculate the distance with mobile tag, and the id information of range information and fixed labels is sent to reading
Device, reader receives the location information that all fixed labels send and simultaneously uploads to host computer, by host computer according to depositing
The id information of the fixed labels of storage is compared with the location information receiving and is obtained the positional information of mobile tag；
Described fixed labels to obtain the phase difference between upstream sequence and descending sequence pseudo-code by essence synchronization and to calculate fixation
The distance between label and mobile tag；
The communication process of the DSSS between described fixed labels and mobile tag and calculating fixed labels and mobile mark
Between label, the process of distance is: positioning instruction is carried out framing by fixed labels first, is then spread, through positive up-conversion,
Modulate on carrier wave and launched by antenna, spread-spectrum signal is broadcasted in the region that fixed labels cover；
Mobile tag receives positioning instruction, after demodulated and despreading, obtains positioning instruction, pseudo- code generator generates and replicates pseudo-code
Sequence, is synchronized with the upstream sequence of locking, replicates pseudo-code sequence and modulates descending carrier as downstream signal, by direct sequence
The mode of spread spectrum is sent to corresponding fixed labels；
The fixed labels location information replied by mobile tag of acquisition, then by comparator contrast this pseudo-code sequence with the most initial
The phase place of the up pseudo-code sequence sending, calculates the time difference, deducts fixing time delay, obtains total time delay, calculates fixed labels
The distance between with mobile tag；
Sequence pseudo-code in spreading procedure selects m-sequence as spread-spectrum pseudo code, and the form of signal is by frame head, flag, data segment
Verify composition with crc, wherein said frame head is used for signal trace, flag comprises as arrival time timing markers, data segment
Location tags and the id of mobile tag, for the differentiation of different labels, crc verifies for error checking and correction.
2. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that described fixed labels and mobile tag are all located by default
In periodic sleep state, can come to life from periodic sleep at every fixed time and whether have positioning to refer in the range of intercepting
Order.
3. the method for claim 1 is it is characterised in that the location information that described mobile tag sends to fixed labels exists
In mobile tag, process to be experienced is: information coding, the generation of signal format, and Direct-Spread is modulated, baseband filtering, shaping,
Quadrature up-conversion, passband filters, and signal amplifies, and is sent to fixed labels eventually through antenna.
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| CN106469319A (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2017-03-01 | 阜阳师范学院 | A kind of being based on positions and the visual intelligent monitoring system of motion rail trace |
| CN108108028B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2021-02-09 | 华大恒芯科技有限公司 | Method for controlling application program by using ultrahigh frequency RFID (radio frequency identification) tag |
| WO2019167154A1 (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Wireless terminal, management system, sleep determination method, and processing method |
| CN110321742B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-04-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for detecting electronic tag |
| CN110677209A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-01-10 | 刘礼白 | Clock extraction method for code division radio frequency identification passive tag response data |
| CN110907890B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2022-10-14 | 电子科技大学 | RFID intelligent goods shelf misplacement detection method |
| CN114553369B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-11-03 | 合肥埃科光电科技股份有限公司 | System and method for detecting digital signal cable performance based on FPGA |
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| US8159346B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2012-04-17 | Hitachi, Ltd. | RFID system, RFID cable system, and RFID cable laying method |
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| CN101029930A (en) * | 2007-04-06 | 2007-09-05 | 东南大学 | Personnal positioner under well |
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