CN103629153A - Single-stage turbo machine capable of compressing air - Google Patents
Single-stage turbo machine capable of compressing air Download PDFInfo
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- CN103629153A CN103629153A CN201310466918.0A CN201310466918A CN103629153A CN 103629153 A CN103629153 A CN 103629153A CN 201310466918 A CN201310466918 A CN 201310466918A CN 103629153 A CN103629153 A CN 103629153A
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Abstract
The invention discloses the technology of carrying out water spraying atomization and cooling in the gas compression thermodynamic process in an impeller of a single-stage (or the first stage of a multi-stage structure) turbo machine applied to an axial / radial / mixed flow type ventilator, an air blower and a compressor for compressing air, and an air supply system of a turbocharger and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. By the adoption of the technology, power consumption can be reduced substantially, and energy can be saved. The single-stage turbo machine is simple in device, mature in technology, safe and reliable to use, low in technical improvement cost, good in effect, and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the single-stage turbomachine in compressed-air actuated axial flow/runoff/mixed flow fan, blower, compressor, and the one-stage centrifugal gas compressor in the interior turbosupercharger of supercharging of internal combustion engine technical field and the one-stage centrifugal gas compressor in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells air supply system.
Background technique
Compressed-air actuated multistage blowers and turbocompressor, in the thermal procession of air compressing, extensively adopt cooling technology.Cooling main task---reduce the temperature of air in compression process, thereby reduce the compression work consuming while reaching given boost pressure, realize energy efficient.Cooling means can be divided into several below: external refrigeration (that draws is cooling), internal cooling, cooling, water spray or other liquid is cooling in advance, and above-mentioned several method combine use.Related content is consulted [Soviet Union] B. Φ. 84th～144 pages of inner this work (Dong Xiaoqiang etc. translate) < < centrifugal compressed machinery > > chapter 3 Beijing Chinese industrial publishing house January nineteen sixty-five.
According to Aerothermodynamics of Turbomachinery volume: in the air compressing thermal procession of each single-stage turbomachine level, the exchange in extraneous mechanical work and single-stage turbomachine level between gas energy can only be carried out in rotary blade.Therefore, only the cooling prime mover (such as motor) that could reduce of the air in this rotating element of impeller drives this compressor stage to rotate the power consuming, and the gas cooling in other fixed element (as Diffuser, return channel, spiral case) all can not contributed the saving of this grade of wasted work to some extent.
In all cooling technologies that existing above-mentioned turbomachine adopts, all unmatchful single-stage or multistage in the first order (chopped-off head) impeller in air compressing thermal procession implement the application precedent of cooling saving wasted work, caused huge energy dissipation.In order to improve this shortcoming and defect of prior art, the invention discloses a kind of new improvement project.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to save for the wasted work of the compression thermodynamic process in compressed-air actuated single-stage (or chopped-off head) in multi-stage impeller machinery turbomachine provide that a practicability is very strong, technology maturation, simple in structure, safe and reliable, energy-saving effect significantly, technological scheme that technological transformation cost is low.
The core technology that the present invention adopts be for achieving the above object toward flow into single-stage or multistage in the air draught of rotary blade import of first stage impeller machinery in water spraying atomization humidification.
The type of cooling---after impeller outlet, the situation of humidification is different for the single-stage turbomachine water spray adopting from prior art, the humidification of spraying water in the air-flow at the impeller inlet position of the present invention before air flows into impeller is in fact to implement cooling to the mobile compression process of impeller internal gas.Because under normal atmospheric environment condition, the specific heat at constant pressure of water is about 4 times of pressurization by compressed air specific heat; The latent heat of vaporization of water is especially up to 2400 times of pressurization by compressed air specific heat.Like this, the mixed gas being formed due to water spraying atomization humidification at impeller inlet by water and air---humid air (unsaturation that contains the more water yield/saturated/over-saturation humid air), the temperature rise meeting producing in compression thermodynamic process in impeller is significantly inhibited because of the heat absorption of institute's water content wherein, thereby obtains cooling obvious result.
From thermodynamic (al) analysis:
● water spray humidification, increase and flow into the water content in humid air in impeller, for example, even in the situation that spraying into seldom water gaging (spraying into 10 grams of water in per kilogram dry air), also can make the temperature lift-rising of taking turns interior compression process obviously be inhibited, make whole compression thermodynamic process more approach isothermal compression process, significantly reduced the power that compression process consumes.
● spray water cooling, even at small reduction ratio (π very
c≈ 2) situation, also can produce good energy-saving effect, can save power 5% left and right.
● the wasted work of the cooling generation of spraying water is saved effect, with the increase of compressed-air actuated flow and compression ratio, improves.For low compression ratio, when in wheel, compression thermodynamic process makes heating of air not reach the boiling point of water under this pressure, in humid air, the caloric receptivity of contained water droplets is just equal to four times of caloric receptivity of quality air with water content; But to high compression ratio, when the temperature rise of wheel compressed air reaches boiling temperature, the latent heat of vaporization heat absorbing property than air constant pressure specific heat up to the water of 2400 times, the just temperature rise of energy strong inhibition air in level, obtains good wasted work and saves effect.
● the compression thermodynamic process of air in impeller is the process of a continuous lift-rising of pressure and temperature from impeller inlet to impeller outlet.This situation, can guarantee that compressed water vapor of taking turns in interior humid air can not reach dew point (relative moisture 100%, lower than the dew point under this pressure, water vapor just starts to condense), the moisture content that the interior humidification atomization of wheel fills into can play a role to air temperature rise in killer stage as heat absorbent always, simultaneously also unlikely for worrying because of water recovery heat release and the unfavorable negative effect that " air water two-phase is flowed " that produce condensing water droplet formation inner additional flow loss causes the compression thermodynamic process of air in level.
● wasted work is saved the demonstration of part on T～S (temperature～entropy) figure
In water spray wheel, cooling compressor stage is compressed the demonstration of actual thermal procession 1 → 2 on T～S figure as shown in Figure 1.In figure, the implication of all thermal equivalent areas is as follows:
Bent limit polygonal 122 " the changeable compression merits that in the area of ab1---water spray wheel, cooling compressor stage consumes;
The area of the bent trapezoidal 13cb1 in limit---the loss that gas flow friction in level, separation, leakage and wheel disc frictional resistance etc. cause;
The area of bent limit polygonal 12dbc31---when cooling, reach extraneous total amount of heat, it equals the cooling heat spreading out of of process 1 → 2 (the trapezoidal 12db1 area in bent limit) and loses heat (the trapezoidal 13cb1 area in the bent limit) sum transforming, i.e. area 12dbc31=area 12db1+ area 13cb1.
The wasted work thermal equivalent area that participates in all standard compression thermal processions of contrast is respectively:
1. the changeable compression merit consuming without compressor stage 1 → 3 changeable compression process of cooling heat transferring situation with the external world is bent limit polygonal 132 " ab1 areas;
2. the isentropic compression work of constant entropy (thermal insulation) compression process 1 → 2 ' consumption is bent limit trapezoidal 12 ' 2 " ab1 areas;
3. isothermal (cooling) compression process 1 → 2 " consume isothermal compression merit be rectangle 12 " ab1 area.
The wasted work of the actual thermal procession of cooling compressor stage compression in water spray wheel is contrasted with the wasted work of above-mentioned various criterion compression thermodynamic process respectively, known:
■ with without cooling changeable compression process, compare, wasted work has been saved the thermal equivalent of curved line trangle 1231 areas;
■ compares with constant entropy (thermal insulation) compression process, and wasted work has been saved the thermal equivalent of curved line trangle 122 ' 1 areas;
■ compares with isothermal (cooling) compression process, and wasted work has consumed the curved line trangle 122 " thermal equivalent of 1 area more.
To sum up analyze, can obtain conclusion: the obviously more non-cooling saving of wasted work of cooled compressed thermal procession in water spray wheel.
The present invention realizes water spraying atomization humidification to take turns the cooling technological scheme of interior air compressing thermal procession, is on the air intlet pipe of single-stage compressor (or chopped-off head of multistage compressor), to access a water spraying atomization damping device.This device can be cooling according to gas compressor load condition needs, correspondingly provide required enough injection flow rates.
For the less device of atomizing humidifying performance water demand, can adopt supersonic atomizing humidifier.The water smoke that this device produces can fully mix with the air amount perfection of single-stage compressor, substantially can there is not in compression process the situation of " being stained with wall ", " air water two-phase flow ", thereby avoid the phenomenon of initiation " corrosion ", " foul adhesion " flow passage component runner wall and increase flow losses to occur.This supersonic atomizing humidifier, at air-conditioning apparatus, medical apparatus, supermarket fresh-keeping of vegetables now ... middle extensive use, the present invention can conveniently select as required.
For the large device of atomizing humidifying performance water demand, can adopt and on big-and-middle-sized diesel engine, water smoke be sprayed into suction tude and enter firing chamber, atomizer nozzle used when reducing maximum combustion temperature (reducing harmful nitrogen emissions of oxides) (water spray pressure 0.5～0.75 MPa, injection flow rate is per minute reaches several liters).The application example of this atomizer nozzle refers to the < < G32 diesel engines such as Li Ning and meets IMO Tier II NO
xtechnical research > > diesel engine the 3rd phase in 2012 18th～21 pages of Shanghai of emission request.
According to the formation of technical solution of the present invention, the power-saving technology that known the present invention is a technology maturation, simple in structure, safe and reliable, energy-saving effect is remarkable, of many uses, technological transformation cost is low, be worth promoting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Shown in Fig. 1 is T～S (temperature～entropy) schematic diagram of the different thermal processions of single-stage turbomachine compressed air.
Shown in Fig. 2 is on the one-stage centrifugal compressor air inlet machine pipe in turbosupercharger, to access the schematic diagram of the example of the present invention of ultrasonic atomizatio water liquid damping device.
Shown in Fig. 3 is a kind of ultrasonic atomizing system schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below, by embodiment with by reference to the accompanying drawings technology contents of the present invention is further described.
As mentioned above, the present invention program's technological core is on the inlet tube of single-stage turbomachine gas compressor, to access water spraying atomization damping device, make the superfine water smoke of its generation, air in impeller inlet and suction is fully mixed into humid air (the institute's water content that is rich in moisture content, according to cooling needs, can be adjusted to unsaturation/saturated/over-saturation state at impeller inlet).The spray water being suspended in humid air drops in the compression thermodynamic process of the moist mixing air in impeller, as heat absorbent, constantly absorb the heat that compression produces, thereby suppress and reduced the lift-rising degree of air temperature in wheel, having played cooling effect---reduced the wasted work of gas compressor.
Shown in accompanying drawing 2 is on the inlet tube of the centrifugal compressor (the one-stage centrifugal gas compressor in the low pressure turbocharger in single-stage turbocharger/two-stage supercharging) in turbosupercharger, to access the device that ultrasonic atomizatio water liquid humidification flows into air in wheel.Turbocharger arrangement is wherein the single-stage turbocharger that a kind of liter-car supercharging gasoline engine is used, and what ultrasonic atomizing device (Fig. 3) illustrated is a kind of structure of bolton Langevin (Langevin) type oscillator generation 2MHz left and right frequency ultrasonic wave formation water smoke shape particle of the PZT of use pottery.Related content please refer to the 91st page of the wild husband for a long time of [day] slope work (going through benevolence jade translates) up-to-date high technology ceramics > of < < > Shanghai Tongji University publishing house November nineteen ninety.
Claims (3)
1. a compressed-air actuated single-stage turbomachine, it is composed in series by a single-stage turbomachine and a water spraying atomization damping device, it is characterized in that: the atomized water liquid outflow opening of water spraying atomization damping device is connected in series with the air suction inlet of impeller in single-stage turbomachine.
2. by single-stage turbomachine claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this single-stage turbomachine refers to the turbomachine that only has single step arrangement in compressed-air actuated axial flow/runoff/mixed flow fan, blower, compressor and turbosupercharger and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells air supply system, or the chopped-off head in multilevel hierarchy (first order) turbomachine.
3. by single-stage turbomachine claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: water spraying atomization damping device can be any device with atomizing spray function, be not limited to existing mature technologies such as adopting ultrasonic atomizatio and nozzle atomization.
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| CN201310466918.0A CN103629153A (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2013-10-09 | Single-stage turbo machine capable of compressing air |
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| CN201310466918.0A CN103629153A (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2013-10-09 | Single-stage turbo machine capable of compressing air |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107559239A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of centrifugal gas compressor attemperator of center nozzle structure |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1045442A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-09-19 | 西屋电气公司 | The cooling system of gas turbine and method |
| CN2085044U (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1991-09-18 | 常熟市鼓风机厂 | Spraying axial flow fan |
| CN1162063A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-10-15 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Gas turbine, combined circulation device and air compressor |
| CN101936219A (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-01-05 | 燃气涡轮机效率瑞典公司 | The method that is used for the power augmentation system and the humidifying air of motor |
| CN103016155A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-03 | 通用电气公司 | Ultrasonic water atomization system for gas turbine inlet cooling and wet compression |
-
2013
- 2013-10-09 CN CN201310466918.0A patent/CN103629153A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1045442A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1990-09-19 | 西屋电气公司 | The cooling system of gas turbine and method |
| CN2085044U (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1991-09-18 | 常熟市鼓风机厂 | Spraying axial flow fan |
| CN1162063A (en) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-10-15 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Gas turbine, combined circulation device and air compressor |
| CN101936219A (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-01-05 | 燃气涡轮机效率瑞典公司 | The method that is used for the power augmentation system and the humidifying air of motor |
| CN103016155A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-03 | 通用电气公司 | Ultrasonic water atomization system for gas turbine inlet cooling and wet compression |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107559239A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of centrifugal gas compressor attemperator of center nozzle structure |
| CN107559239B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of centrifugal gas compressor attemperator with center nozzle structure |
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Application publication date: 20140312 |
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