CN103626472A - Ultra-high-temperature heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-high-temperature heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103626472A CN103626472A CN201310664651.6A CN201310664651A CN103626472A CN 103626472 A CN103626472 A CN 103626472A CN 201310664651 A CN201310664651 A CN 201310664651A CN 103626472 A CN103626472 A CN 103626472A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-high-temperature heat-insulating material prepared from carbon fiber and zirconia fiber as main raw materials. A preparation method of the ultra-high-temperature heat-insulating material comprises the following steps: firstly, uniformly mixing and dispersing the chopped carbon fiber and the zirconia fiber in deionized water containing a dispersing agent; secondly, preparing a carbon fiber-zirconia fiber composite preform by a vacuum filtering moulding method; finally, preparing a carbon fiber-zirconia fiber composite material by a press drying method. The ultra-high-temperature heat-insulating material is prepared from the carbon fiber and the zirconia fiber with relatively high elastic modulus, so that the ultra-high-temperature heat-insulating material is guaranteed to have relatively high heat-insulating performance and requirements on mechanical properties can be met; and tests show that the heat-insulating material can withstand a high temperature of at least 2000 DEG C within a short time, has the thermal conductivity of less than 0.15W/ m.K and the compressive strength of greater than 0.5MPa at 1000 DEG C, and is applicable to thermal protection (passive insulation) of an outer wall of a combustion chamber of a power device of a high-speed aircraft.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the lagging material in thermal protection technology field, particularly relate to a kind of ultrahigh-temperature (more than 2000 ℃) lagging material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
During the work of hypersonic aircraft power set; the temperature of outer wall of combustion chamber is up to 2100～2400 ℃; in order to protect the electronics of power set and periphery thereof; the obvious infrared signal feature that reduces the loose consumption of heat simultaneously and bring, outer wall of combustion chamber must adopt ultrahigh-temperature lagging material to carry out thermal protection.
It is the heat insulation (Han Jiecai that the ZrC/ aerogel of 1 inch and resinous polymer laminated composite materials are realized scramjet combustor outside wall surface that U.S. HyFly project adopts thickness, Hu Ping, Zhang Xinghong, the progress of hyperthermal material, solid-rocket technology, 2005,28(4): 289-294), but this material has the shortcoming that long-time use heat-proof quality declines.The punching engine of Britain SHyFE project has adopted multilayer insulation scheme, and heat zone has adopted zirconium white class material, and middle layer has adopted vacuum metal box, cryosphere has adopted aerogel (Han Jiecai, Hu Ping, Zhang Xinghong, the progress of hyperthermal material, solid-rocket technology, 2005,28(4): 289-294), when hot-face temperature surpasses 2000 ℃, back temperature is lower than 100 ℃, but this material has the more serious shortcoming of radiative transfer under high temperature.
The lagging material that can bear 2000 ℃ of above (use temperature in short-term) high temperature mainly comprises carbon fiber class material and Zirconium oxide fibre class material.There are carbon fiber felt and zirconium oxide fiber board commodity production both at home and abroad, as Zirconium oxide fibre be take as raw material in U.S. Zircar company, developed the zirconium oxide fiber board that is applicable to high temperature insulating, the top temperature of life-time service is 1700 ℃ (life-time service temperature), and the thermal conductivity of 400 ℃ is 0.08W/m.K.But because Zirconium oxide fibre intensity is low,, there is potential safety hazard so scramjet combustor outer wall adopts separately zirconium oxide fiber board lagging material to carry out thermal protection in the stressed easy brittle rupture of fiber.Carbon fiber class lagging material heatproof surpasses 3000 ℃, but thermal conductivity large (more than 0.43W/m.K) is used and can not meet the heat insulation requirement to combustion chamber separately.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrahigh-temperature (use temperature is more than 2000 ℃ in short-term) lagging material with good heat-proof quality and mechanical property.
Ultrahigh-temperature lagging material provided by the present invention, its main raw material 100 weight parts comprise the component of following ratio of weight and number: carbon fiber 0.5～15.0 weight part, Zirconium oxide fibre 85.0～99.5 weight parts.
Described carbon fiber is chopped strand, and carbon content is greater than 90%(mass/mass (W/W) percentage concentration), density is greater than 1.65g/cm
3, diameter is 1～10 μ m, length is less than 10mm(and is preferably 1～5mm).
Described Zirconium oxide fibre is chopped strand, and zirconia content is greater than 95%(mass/mass (W/W) percentage concentration), density is greater than 5.8g/cm
3, diameter is that 1～15 μ m, length are less than 30mm(and are preferably 1～4mm).
The density of described ultrahigh-temperature lagging material (after drying) is 0.20～1.00g/cm
3, can bear the high temperature of at least 2000 ℃ in short-term, thermal conductivity is less than 0.15W/mK at 1000 ℃, and ultimate compression strength is more than or equal to 0.5MPa.
Second object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of preparing above-mentioned ultrahigh-temperature lagging material.
The method of the above-mentioned ultrahigh-temperature lagging material of preparation provided by the present invention, can comprise the following steps:
1) first dispersion agent is added in deionized water, fully stir, then add carbon fiber and Zirconium oxide fibre, stir, obtain raw material slip;
2) raw material slip step 1) being obtained adds in vacuum filtration concentrating unit, it is concentrated that startup vacuum pump carries out suction filtration, in raw material slip, part moisture is discharged from, controlling solid load in slip is 0.05%～30%(mass/mass (W/W) percentage concentration), obtain ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body;
3) by metal splint method, regulate the density of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body, then ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body is placed in baking oven and is dried, obtain ultrahigh-temperature lagging material.The shape of precast body is generally the sheet material that thickness does not wait.
In above-mentioned preparation method, the dispersion agent in described step 1) is polyacrylamide, adds the polyacrylamide of 0.01～0.05 weight part in the deionized water of 100 weight parts.
Described step 2) the vacuum filtration concentrating unit (as shown in Figure 1) in comprises feed chute 1, blow tank 2 and vacuum pump 3, feed chute 1 be positioned at blow tank 2 on and be interconnected, blow tank 2 connects vacuum pump 3, and feed chute 1 inside is provided with filter screen 4, lays one deck filter paper 5 on filter screen 4.Orientation " on ", D score take the user of suction filtration concentrating unit to being reference direction.
The filter paper 5 that described vacuum filtration concentrating unit filter screen 4 is laid above can adopt non-woven fabrics or microporous fibre paper.
The using method of described vacuum filtration concentrating unit is: first raw material slip uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the filter paper 5 in feed chute 1, start vacuum pump 3, part moisture in raw material slip sees through filter paper 5 and filter screen 4 enters blow tank 2, obtains ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body.The solid load of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body can be controlled by suction filtration time and vacuum tightness, and vacuum tightness is generally between-0.05～-0.095MPa.
Metal splint method in described step 3) is specially: two thickness are that 10mm, the length of side are 400mm(or customized as requested) metal splint (as shown in Figure 2), metal splint is provided with some bolts hole, ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body is placed between two metal splints, two metal splints are fixed with bolt, by regulating the tightness of metal nuts to regulate the precast body density of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material, precast body density is 0.1～2g/cm
3.
Drying conditions in described step 3) is preferably at 120 ℃ dry 2～20 hours, and the moisture content in ultrahigh-temperature lagging material should be at 0.1～10%(mass/mass (W/W) percentage concentration) below.
The invention provides a kind of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material that carbon fiber and Zirconium oxide fibre prepared as main raw material of take, first by chopped carbon fiber and Zirconium oxide fibre even blending dispersion in containing the deionized water of dispersion agent, then adopt the method for vacuum filtration moulding to prepare carbon fiber-Zirconium oxide fibre composite preform, finally adopt the method for compaction drying to prepare carbon fiber-Zirconium oxide fibre matrix material.The present invention adopts carbon fiber and the compound preparation ultrahigh-temperature of the Zirconium oxide fibre lagging material with higher elasticity modulus, is guaranteeing can to meet the requirement of mechanical property again when ultrahigh-temperature lagging material has better heat-proof quality.Evidence, lagging material high temperature insulating of the present invention is respond well, not only high temperature resistant, can bear in short-term the high temperature of at least 2000 ℃, and there is lower thermal conductivity, at 1000 ℃, thermal conductivity is less than 0.15W/mK, in addition, also have good mechanical property, ultimate compression strength is more than or equal to 0.5MPa, be applicable to the thermal protection (passive heat insulation) of high-speed aircraft power set outer wall of combustion chamber, have a extensive future.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further details.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of raw material slime vacuum suction filtration concentrating unit
Fig. 2 is to the 2000 ℃ of hot certification test temperature test of oxyacetylene ablation curves of material sample of the present invention
Fig. 3 is for to finish rear sample pattern photo to 2000 ℃ of hot certification tests of oxyacetylene ablation of material sample of the present invention
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of ultrahigh-temperature (referring to that use temperature is more than 2000 ℃ in short-term) lagging material that carbon fiber and Zirconium oxide fibre prepared as main raw material of take with good heat-proof quality and mechanical property, first by chopped carbon fiber and Zirconium oxide fibre even blending dispersion in containing the deionized water of dispersion agent, then adopt the method for vacuum filtration moulding to prepare carbon fiber-Zirconium oxide fibre composite preform, finally adopt the method for compaction drying to prepare carbon fiber-Zirconium oxide fibre matrix material.
Below in conjunction with embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail.In the present invention, described percentage concentration is mass/mass (W/W) percentage concentration, mass/volume (W/V， unit: g/100ml) percentage concentration or volume/volume (V/V) percentage concentration if no special instructions.
Embodiment implements take technical solution of the present invention under prerequisite, has provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, and embodiment will contribute to understand the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1～10, preparation ultrahigh-temperature lagging material
The composition of raw materials of embodiment 1～10 ultrahigh-temperature lagging material is as shown in table 1:
The composition of raw materials of table 1: embodiment 1～10 ultrahigh-temperature lagging material
Addition unit: weight part
In the present invention, use carbon fiber and the compound ultrahigh-temperature lagging material that obtains of Zirconium oxide fibre.Wherein:
Carbon fiber is that diameter is less than or equal to the chopped strand of 10mm in 1～10 μ m, length, and carbon content is greater than 90%(mass percent concentration), density is greater than 1.65g/cm
3, commercially available, in the present invention, utilize the feature of its high temperature resistant (3000 ℃) and mechanical property excellence, the mechanical property of reinforced composite; In compound, the suitable scope of its consumption is 0.5～15.0%, lower than lower value, can reduce mechanical property, and surpasses higher limit, can reduce heatproof and heat-proof quality.
Zirconium oxide fibre is that zirconia content is greater than 95%, density is more than or equal to 5.8g/cm
3, diameter is less than or equal to the commercially available staple fibre of 30mm in 1～15 μ m, length, in the present invention, utilizes its resistance to 2600 ℃ of high temperature, characteristic that thermal conductivity is low, brings into play high temperature resistant and heat insulation effect; In compound, the suitable scope of its consumption is 85.0～99.5%, lower than lower value, can reduce heatproof and heat-proof quality, and surpasses higher limit, can reduce mechanical property.
The preparation method of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material, comprises the following steps:
1) first dispersion agent polyacrylamide is added in deionized water, fully stir, then add carbon fiber and Zirconium oxide fibre, stir, obtain raw material slip;
2) raw material slip step 1) being obtained adds in vacuum filtration concentrating unit, it is concentrated that startup vacuum pump carries out suction filtration, in raw material slip, part moisture is discharged from, controlling solid load in slip is 0.05～30%(mass/mass (W/W) percentage concentration), obtain ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body;
3) by metal splint method, regulate the density of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body at 0.1～2g/cm
3, then ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body is placed in baking oven and is dried 2～20 hours at 120 ℃, moisture content is at 0.1～10%(mass/mass (W/W) percentage concentration) below, ultrahigh-temperature lagging material obtained.
In above-mentioned preparation, step 2) the vacuum filtration concentrating unit (as shown in Figure 1) using in, comprise feed chute 1, blow tank 2 and vacuum pump 3, feed chute 1 be positioned at blow tank 2 on and be interconnected, blow tank 2 connects vacuum pump 3, feed chute 1 inside is provided with filter screen 4, lays one deck filter paper 5 on filter screen 4.Orientation " on ", D score take the user of suction filtration concentrating unit to being reference direction.
The filter paper 5 that vacuum filtration concentrating unit filter screen 4 is laid above can adopt non-woven fabrics or microporous fibre paper.
The using method of vacuum filtration concentrating unit is: first raw material slip uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the filter paper 5 in feed chute 1, starts vacuum pump 3, the part moisture in raw material slip sees through filter paper 5 and filter screen 4 enters blow tank 2, obtains ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body.The solid load of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body can be controlled by suction filtration time and vacuum tightness, and vacuum tightness is generally between-0.05～-0.095MPa.
Metal splint method in step 3) is specially: two thickness are that 10mm, the length of side are 400mm(or customized as requested) metal splint, metal splint is provided with some bolts hole, ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body is placed between two metal splints, two metal splints are fixed with bolt, by regulating the tightness of metal nuts to regulate the density of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body, precast body density is 0.1～2g/cm
3(density range of the precast body of design when this parameter is preparation, different from the density of material scope after drying).
Performance test:
The physical parameter of embodiment 1～10 ultrahigh-temperature lagging material and existing lagging material carbon fiber felt (purchased from three industry carbon elements) and zirconium oxide fiber board (purchased from U.S. Zircar company) and heat-proof quality are with reference to GB/T17911.3-1999 refractory ceramic fibre product volume density test method, YB/T4130-2005 discharge flat band method, test result is as shown in table 2:
Table 2 lagging material physical parameter and heat-proof quality comparison
As can be seen from Table 2, the density of lagging material of the present invention (after drying) is 0.20～1.00g/cm
3, and thering is lower thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity is less than 0.150W/mK at 1000 ℃, and high temperature insulating performance is good; In addition, also have good mechanical property, ultimate compression strength is more than or equal to 0.50MPa.And the high temperature insulating poor performance of existing lagging material carbon fiber felt, in the time of 1000 ℃ thermal conductivity up to 0.350W/mK, the mechanical property of zirconium oxide fiber board poor (ultimate compression strength is less than 0.4MPa).
In addition, for the high temperature insulating performance of examination Zirconium oxide fibre-carbon fiber ultrahigh-temperature lagging material of the present invention, carried out 2000 ℃ of hot certification tests of oxyacetylene ablation, the examination time is 1000s, and sample size is 100mm * 100mm * 10mm.
As shown in Figure 2, as on-test 100s, hot-face temperature is elevated to 1800 ℃ to test temperature test curve, and 400s is raised to 2000 ℃ of left and right, remains on ever since 2000 ℃ until off-test.The huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) temperature of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material is 318 ℃ of left and right, and result shows that material has excellent heat-proof quality.It is complete that off-test material structure keeps, as shown in Figure 3.
Visible by above test, ultrahigh-temperature lagging material of the present invention is high temperature resistant, in short-term (20min) can bear 2000 ℃ high temperature (raw material of material of the present invention is as zirconium white, carbon fiber fusing point is respectively 2600 ℃, 3000 ℃, therefore theoretical analysis can bear at least 2000 ℃ of high temperature), and more existing lagging material has better heat-proof quality and mechanical property, this is because two kinds of fiber (carbon fibers, Zirconium oxide fibre) compound use, mechanical property and Zirconium oxide fibre that carbon fiber is good is high temperature resistant, low heat conductivity can combine, material after compound has good mechanics and thermal property.Lagging material of the present invention is applicable to the thermal protection (passive heat insulation) of high-speed aircraft power set outer wall of combustion chamber, has a extensive future.
Claims (10)
1. a ultrahigh-temperature lagging material, every 100 weight parts of its main raw material comprise the component of following ratio of weight and number: carbon fiber 0.5～15.0 weight part, Zirconium oxide fibre 85.0～99.5 weight parts.
2. ultrahigh-temperature lagging material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described carbon fiber is chopped strand, and carbon content is greater than 90%(mass percent concentration), density is more than or equal to 1.75g/cm
3, diameter is 1～10 μ m, length is less than or equal to 10mm(and is preferably 1～5mm).
3. ultrahigh-temperature lagging material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described Zirconium oxide fibre is chopped strand, and zirconia content is greater than 95%(mass percent concentration), density is more than or equal to 5.8g/cm
3, diameter is 1～15 μ m, length is less than or equal to 30mm(and is preferably 1～4mm).
4. according to the ultrahigh-temperature lagging material described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: density is 0.20～1.00g/cm
3, can bear the high temperature of at least 2000 ℃ in short-term, thermal conductivity is less than 0.15W/mK at 1000 ℃, and ultimate compression strength is more than or equal to 0.5MPa.
5. a method of preparing the arbitrary described ultrahigh-temperature lagging material of claim 1～4, comprises the following steps:
1) first dispersion agent is added in deionized water, fully stir, then add carbon fiber and Zirconium oxide fibre, stir, obtain raw material slip;
2) raw material slip step 1) being obtained adds in vacuum filtration concentrating unit, it is concentrated that startup vacuum pump carries out suction filtration, in raw material slip, part moisture is discharged from, and controlling solid load in slip is 0.05～30%(mass percent concentration), obtain ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body;
3) by metal splint method, regulate the density of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body, then ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body is placed in baking oven and is dried, obtain ultrahigh-temperature lagging material.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the dispersion agent in described step 1) is polyacrylamide, adds the polyacrylamide of 0.01～0.05 weight part in the deionized water of 100 weight parts.
7. according to the preparation method described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that: the vacuum filtration concentrating unit described step 2) comprises feed chute (1), blow tank (2) and vacuum pump (3), feed chute is positioned on blow tank and is interconnected, blow tank connects vacuum pump, feed chute inside is provided with filter screen (4), lays one deck filter paper (5) on filter screen; Filter paper can adopt non-woven fabrics or microporous fibre paper.
8. preparation method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the using method of described vacuum filtration concentrating unit is: first raw material slip uniform spreading is sprinkling upon on the filter paper in feed chute, start vacuum pump, part moisture in raw material slip sees through filter paper and filter screen enters blow tank, obtain ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body, the solid load of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body can be controlled by suction filtration time and vacuum tightness, and vacuum tightness is generally between-0.05～-0.095MPa.
9. according to the arbitrary described preparation method of claim 5 to 8, it is characterized in that: the metal splint method in described step 3) is specially: two thickness, metal splint that the length of side is equal are set, metal splint is provided with some bolts hole, ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body is placed between two metal splints, two metal splints are fixed with bolt, by regulating the tightness of metal nuts to regulate the density of ultrahigh-temperature lagging material precast body; Setting the adjustable density of precast body is 0.1～2g/cm
3.
10. according to the arbitrary described preparation method of claim 5 to 9, it is characterized in that: the drying conditions in described step 3) is preferably at 120 ℃ and is dried 2～20 hours, the moisture content in control ultrahigh-temperature lagging material is below 0.1～10wt%.
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| CN104633395A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-20 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Hard thermal insulation felt and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN107500797A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2017-12-22 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院 | Adaptive closure heat-barrier material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112225573A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-15 | 郑州大学 | Preparation method of vacuum packaging/microporous powder composite high-temperature heat insulation material |
| CN115010507A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-06 | 北京理工大学 | Deformable elastic heat insulation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115157516A (en) * | 2022-09-06 | 2022-10-11 | 湖南搏盛天弘新材料技术有限公司 | Preparation method of novel carbon fiber insulation board |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: CHEN YUFENG WANG GUANGHAI ZHANG SHICHAO SUN HAORAN SHI XING LI SHIXIN TO: CHEN YUFENG WANG GUANGHAI ZHENG RIHENG ZHANG SHICHAO SUN HAORAN SHI XING LI SHIXIN |
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Effective date of registration: 20140729 Address after: 100024 Beijing, Guanzhuang, East Lane, No. 1, Applicant after: China Building Material Scientific Research Inst. Applicant after: Beijing Institute of Power Machinery Address before: 100024 Beijing, Guanzhuang, East Lane, No. 1, Applicant before: China Building Material Scientific Research Inst. |
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