CN103616250A - Device and method for evaluating anti-explosion, decompression and explosion-suppression performance of industrial building structure and component - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating anti-explosion, decompression and explosion-suppression performance of industrial building structure and component Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for evaluating anti-explosion, decompression and explosion-suppression performance of an industrial building structure and component. The device comprises an experiment module, a data acquisition system, a pressure loading system, a safety protection system and an ignition system, wherein the experiment module comprises a work cabin and a safety protection device; the work cabin is a space body which is built by a rigid pressure-resistant material; the safety protection device is a protective screen or a wall body built by a firm compressive material; the boundary dimension of the work cabin is smaller than the internal space size of the safety protection device; dynamic load stress of the experiment module provides rated explosion pressure by a pre-mixing combustible gas combustion mode, namely, the initial pressure required by premixed gas is calculated according to the experimental dynamic load stress; a methane/air premixed gas, of which the stoichiometric ratio is 1, is charged into a polythene film bag with the ignition system to form a fire blast ball. The device and the method can be used for doing experiments for evaluating the anti-explosion, decompression and explosion-suppression performance of the industrial building structure and component under different pressure conditions according to requirements on evaluation of the anti-explosion and explosion-suppression performance of the anti-explosion structure and the explosion-proof and pressure-relief device and component.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to industrial building explosion-proof technology field, be particularly related to that a kind of industrial building structure and parts are explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus and method, for explosion-proof, the pressure release of industrial building structure, building materials and member and building explosion-proof decompression device and the comprehensive experiment of datonation-inhibition function.
Background technology
Detonation and blast are the common types of industrial accident disaster, and explosion-proof, the pressure release of evaluating industrial building structure, critical component and explosion-proof decompression device are the focuses that industrial building explosion-proof technology is studied with datonation-inhibition function.At present, industrial building structure, associated components and mode explosion-proof, that pressure relief device performance evaluation is mainly calculated by theory are evaluated and analyzed.For some small building parts (as door, window, hinge etc.) and explosion-proof, pressure relief device, also mainly by withstand voltage experiment and shock resistance experiment and the fire performance in combustion furnace, test, performance to single parts is tested, and cannot carry out to its one-piece construction real yardstick experiment test and the analysis of explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function.Especially for industrial building explosion accident, evaluate, the explosion-proof relief performance of the evaluation of building explosion-proof performance, building explosion-proof decompression device and parts, and building anti-explosion explosion-suppression technical method efficiency evaluation there is no experimental provision, the ways and means of standard at present.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of industrial building structure and parts are explosion-proof, the design proposal of pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus, for industrial building blast resistance construction, explosion-proof decompression device and member, anti-explosion explosion-suppression technical method, Performance Evaluation Technique requirement, utilize this device to realize under different pressures condition, industrial building and parts are carried out to explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluation experimental.
The present invention realizes by such technical scheme: industrial building structure and parts are explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus, it is characterized in that, comprise Laboratory Module, data acquisition system (DAS), pressure-loaded system, security protection system and firing system;
Described Laboratory Module adopts stereo frame type assembly structure, comprise work chamber and safety guard, work chamber is built into the space body of reserved experiment test face by rigidity pressure-resistant material, reserved face is installed according to installation form, the structure of institute's test architecture material and parts (as door, window, roof structure);
Safety guard is to be built into by firm compression-resistant material protection network or the body of wall forming, and to protect pressure release building materials or parts fragment flies out, the physical dimension of work chamber is less than the interior space dimension of safety guard;
Work chamber is placed in safety guard; That the effect of safety guard is that protected working cabin occurs in experiment is explosion-proof, the situation of pressure release material fragment and work chamber breakage, by protection cabin, carries out second protection;
Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises temperature sensor, pressure transducer, imageing sensor and gas concentration sensor;
Described pressure-loaded system comprises dynamic pressure loading system, static pressure loading system;
Wherein, dynamic pressure loading system comprises: flowmeter, solenoid valve, pipe backfire preventer, variable proportioning gas mixer, central back fire arrester, delivery gauge, reduction valve, collecting pipe tensimeter, blow-down pipe, air valve, tensimeter, methane gas cylinder, air gas cylinder, fire ball;
Static pressure loading system comprises: High-Pressure Compressor, stop valve, flowmeter;
Described security protection system comprises emptying system, acoustooptic alarm system;
Described firing system comprises spark electrode, high-voltage pulse and control device.
The method of utilize that industrial building and parts are explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus being evaluated, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A) first according to evaluating building structure model, building explosion-proof relief body of wall, roof, door, window and the equipment component and fitting that requires to carry out according to the size design of the reserved test surfaces of Laboratory Module, making, installation plan experimental evaluation;
B) determine the methane fire in spheroid and proportioning and the distribution capacity of air; If methane and air pre-mixing gas configuration equivalent proportion are 1, according to the required dynamic pressure of test, the mixed gas of the corresponding original pressure of filling in firing ball, according to Methane/air premixed gas original pressure and the relation of exploding between dynamic pressure:
--------------（1）
p m , n m , T m for maximum pressure, number of moles of gas, temperature after exploding;
p 0 , n m , T 0 for front original pressure, number of moles of gas, the temperature of exploding;
Equivalent proportion is that 1 Methane/air premixed gas blast temperature is 1815K, and initial temperature is 273K, required initial mixing gaseous tension
p 0 =0.15
p m .
C) respectively Laboratory Module state, acquisition system state, pressure-loaded system state, security protection system state, firing system state are carried out to self check; Respectively to the building structure to be tested being in place, the state of parts, under the duty of Laboratory Module wall surface temperature, pressure transducer, data acquisition system (DAS), different pressures load condition, working state of system, security protection system state, firing system state carry out self check, for experiment, carry out and carry out early-stage preparations;
D) each system preparation of Laboratory Module, TT&C system start;
E) Laboratory Module is fired to ball and be inflated to specified proportioning and tolerance; Start Laboratory Module to fire the Methane/air premixed gas that ball filling stoichiometric ratio is 1, and be charged to the required original pressure scope of experiment;
F) igniting, observes transient state igniting, blast process, records pressure and changes; According to experimental data and phenomenon, explosion-proof, pressure release and effectiveness of explosion suppression are carried out to performance evaluation; To thering is building explosion-proof relief parts or the structure of datonation-inhibition function, need in conjunction with Laboratory Module implode pressure, rate of pressure rise and temperature variation, its effectiveness of explosion suppression to be evaluated; Main evaluation index comprises: explosion pressure P, rate of pressure rise V
r, Laboratory Module temperature T, pressure releasing speed V
l.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: for industrial building blast resistance construction, explosion-proof decompression device and member, the requirement of anti-explosion explosion-suppression Performance Evaluation Technique, utilize this device to realize under different pressures condition, industrial building and parts are carried out to explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluation experimental.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 apparatus of the present invention structural representation;
Fig. 2 Laboratory Module principle of work and experiment flow figure.
In figure: 1-Laboratory Module, 2-data acquisition system (DAS), 3-pressure-loaded system, 4-security protection system, 5-firing system, 1-Laboratory Module, 11-work chamber, 12-safety guard, 2-data acquisition control system, 21-temperature collecting device, 22-pressure acquisition device, 23-gas concentration harvester, 24-image collecting device, 3-pressure-loaded system, 301-flowmeter, 302-solenoid valve, 303-pipe backfire preventer, the variable proportioning gas mixer of 304-, 305-central authorities back fire arrester, 306-delivery gauge, 307-reduction valve, 308-collecting pipe tensimeter, 309-blow-down pipe, 310-air valve, 311-tensimeter, 312-methane gas cylinder, 313-air gas cylinder, 314-fires ball, 320-High-Pressure Compressor, 321-stop valve, 322-flowmeter, 4-security protection system, 41-emptying system, 42-acoustooptic alarm system, 5-firing system, 51-spark electrode, 52-high-voltage pulse and control device, 6-central control cabinet.
Embodiment
For a more clear understanding of the present invention, describe in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention in detail:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, industrial building and parts are explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus, comprise that Laboratory Module 1, data acquisition system (DAS) 2, pressure-loaded system 3, security protection system 4 and firing system 5 form.
Laboratory Module 1 comprises work chamber 11 and safety guard 12, adopt stereo frame type assembly structure, work chamber 11 is built into the space body of reserved experiment test face by rigidity pressure-resistant material, reserved face can be installed according to installation form, the structure of institute's test architecture material and parts (as door, window, roof structure); Safety guard 12 is by being to be built into by firm compression-resistant material protection network or the body of wall forming, and to protect pressure release building materials or parts fragment flies out, the physical dimension of work chamber 11 is less than the interior space dimension of safety device 13;
Work chamber 11, is placed in safety guard 12; That the effect in protection cabin 12 is that protected working cabin 11 occurs in experiment is explosion-proof, the situation of pressure release material fragment and work chamber breakage, by safety guard 12, carries out second protection;
Comprise-temperature sensor of data acquisition system (DAS) 2 21, pressure transducer 22, imageing sensor 24, gas concentration sensor 23;
Pressure-loaded system 3 comprises dynamic pressure loading system, static pressure loading system;
Wherein, dynamic pressure loading system comprises: flowmeter 301, solenoid valve 302, pipe backfire preventer 303, variable proportioning gas mixer 304, central back fire arrester 305, delivery gauge 306, reduction valve 307, collecting pipe tensimeter 308, blow-down pipe 309, air valve 310, tensimeter 311, methane gas cylinder 312, air gas cylinder 313, fire ball 314;
Static pressure loading system comprises: High-Pressure Compressor 320, stop valve 321, flowmeter 322;
Security protection system 4 comprises emptying system 41, acoustooptic alarm system 42;
Firing system 5 comprises spark electrode 51, high-voltage pulse and control device 52;
Laboratory Module 1 adopts stereo frame type assembly structure, for different explosion-proof reliefs designs, assembles different explosion-proof, pressure releases and explosion suppression device and member, meets explosion-proof, the pressure release of different building structure, parts and device and the functional requirement of datonation-inhibition function evaluation experimental.
The dynamic load pressure of Laboratory Module 1 adopts flammable premixed gas to fire mode specified explosion pressure is provided, according to experiment dynamic load pressure size, calculate the required original pressure of premix gas, and the Methane/air premixed gas that is 1 by stoichiometric ratio is filled with in the polythene film bag that is provided with firing system 5 places and forms and fire ball.
Its aeration quantity and stowing pressure require or preset pressure demand according to experiment scene, by gas distributing system, are provided.Gas distributing system is comprised of pressurized air gas cylinder group, methane gas gas cylinder group, pipe system, air distributing device, safety feature and control device.Once there is abnormal or fault in distribution process; there is combustible gas leakage situation in experimental situation; acoustic-optic alarm in security protection system can send sound and light alarm; emptying fan starting; in evacuation procedure, gas leak detection device feeds back to control center by the concentration signal detecting; until the interior detection of Laboratory Module 1 is less than combustible gas component, evacuation procedure finishes.Laboratory Module 1 igniting adopts electronic impulse mode to light a fire.
The static load pressure of Laboratory Module 1 is set loading static pressure to reach to the interior continuous filling pressure gas of Laboratory Module 1 mode by High-Pressure Compressor 320 realizes.
The information of this patent evaluating apparatus comprises pressure, temperature, concentration and image, collector, wiring system, sensor probe and The Cloud Terrace, consists of, and can realize data acquisition, analysis and the post-processing function of temperature, pressure, concentration and image.
Laboratory Module 1 out of my cabin safety device adopts composite structure protection network, consists of assurance personnel and experiment safety high strength keel structure double-deck iron silk screen, thickening PC force-bearing plate and explosion-proof body of wall.
The method of utilize that industrial building and parts are explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus being evaluated, comprises the following steps:
(1) first according to evaluating building structure model, building explosion-proof relief body of wall, roof, door, window and the equipment component and fitting that requires to carry out according to the size design of the reserved test surfaces of Laboratory Module, making, installation plan experimental evaluation;
(2) configuration equivalent proportion be 1 methane and air pre-mixing gas, according to the required dynamic pressure of test, the mixed gas of the corresponding original pressure of filling in firing ball, according to Methane/air premixed gas original pressure and the relation of exploding between dynamic pressure:
（1）
p m , n m , T m for maximum pressure, number of moles of gas, temperature after exploding;
p 0 , n 0 , T 0 for front original pressure, number of moles of gas, the temperature of exploding;
Equivalent proportion is that 1 Methane/air premixed gas blast temperature is 1815K, and initial temperature is 273K, required initial mixing gaseous tension
p 0 =0.15
p m .
Above-mentioned relation formula is the calculated value under adiabatic condition, fires the proportionate relationship between original pressure and maximum explosion pressure in ball by theory before the blast of the methane that calculates, and concrete numerical value corresponding relation is as shown in table 1 (to be noted: this table is only for referencial use, P
0with P
mmore accurate corresponding relation is as the criterion with the final debug results of evaluating apparatus).
Table 1 original pressure P
0with maximum explosion pressure P
mmapping table (unit: MPa)
Static load pressure is by filling pressure gas, so that work chamber internal pressure reaches pressure release pressure limit to be tested.
(3) TT&C system mainly comprises that pressure-loaded controls (configuration of premix gas, premix gas fill, the monitoring of premix gas charge pressure), portfire control system, test macro acquisition control device etc. in Laboratory Module.
(4) respectively to the building structure to be tested being in place, the state of parts, Laboratory Module wall surface temperature, pressure transducer and data acquisition system (DAS) duty, different pressures loading system duty, security protection system state, firing system state carry out self check, for experiment, carry out and carry out early-stage preparations;
(5) start Laboratory Module to fire the Methane/air premixed gas that ball filling stoichiometric ratio is 1, and be charged to the required original pressure scope of experiment, test required original pressure and maximum explosion pressure corresponding relation is as shown in table 1;
(6) igniting, observes transient state igniting, blast process, records pressure and changes; According to experimental data and phenomenon, explosion-proof, pressure release and effectiveness of explosion suppression are carried out to performance evaluation.To thering is building explosion-proof relief parts or the structure of datonation-inhibition function, need in conjunction with Laboratory Module implode pressure, rate of pressure rise and temperature variation, its effectiveness of explosion suppression to be evaluated.Main evaluation index comprises: explosion pressure P, rate of pressure rise V
r, Laboratory Module temperature T, pressure releasing speed V
l.
For the explosion-proof performance evaluation of building structure or parts, the explosion pressure P that device provides is the design pressure of structure or parts, evaluation structure or the parts security performance under explosion pressure P; For the relieving characteristics evaluation of building structure or parts, device is main by measuring explosion pressure P, rate of pressure rise V
rwith pressure releasing speed V
lcarry out the pressure relief capability of evaluating apparatus; For datonation-inhibition function evaluation, mainly by measurement explosive explosion limits, explosion pressure, rate of pressure rise, evaluate datonation-inhibition ability.
According to the above description, in conjunction with art technology, can realize the solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. explosion-proof, the pressure release of industrial building and parts and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus, is characterized in that, comprises Laboratory Module (1), data acquisition control system (2), pressure-loaded system (3), security protection system (4) and firing system (5);
Described Laboratory Module (1) adopts stereo frame type assembly structure, comprise work chamber (11) and safety device (12), work chamber (11) is built into the space body of reserved experiment test face by rigidity pressure-resistant material, reserved face is installed according to installation form, the structure of institute's test architecture material and parts;
Safety guard (12) is to be built into by firm compression-resistant material protection network or the body of wall forming, and to protect pressure release building materials or parts fragment flies out, the physical dimension of work chamber (11) is less than the interior space dimension of safety device (12);
Work chamber (11) is placed in safety guard (12); The effect of safety guard (12) is, that protected working cabin (11) occur in experiment is explosion-proof, the situation of pressure release material fragment and work chamber breakage, by safety guard (12), carries out second protection;
Described data acquisition system (DAS) (2) comprises temperature sensor (21), pressure transducer (22), imageing sensor (24) and gas concentration sensor (23);
Described pressure-loaded system (3) comprises dynamic pressure loading system, static pressure loading system;
Wherein, dynamic pressure loading system comprises: flowmeter (301), solenoid valve (302), pipe backfire preventer (303), variable proportioning gas mixer (304), central back fire arrester (305), delivery gauge (306), reduction valve (307), collecting pipe tensimeter (308), blow-down pipe (309), air valve (310), tensimeter (311), methane gas cylinder (312), air gas cylinder (313), fires ball (314);
Static pressure loading system comprises: High-Pressure Compressor (320), stop valve (321), flowmeter (322);
Described security protection system (4) comprises emptying system (41), acoustooptic alarm system (42);
Described firing system (5) comprises spark electrode (51), high-pressure pulse device and control system (52).
2. the method for utilize that industrial building and parts are explosion-proof, pressure release and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus being evaluated, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A) first according to evaluating building structure model, building explosion-proof relief body of wall, roof, door, window and the equipment component and fitting that requires to carry out according to the size design of the reserved test surfaces of Laboratory Module, making, installation plan experimental evaluation;
B) determine the methane fire in spheroid and proportioning and the distribution capacity of air; If methane and air pre-mixing gas configuration equivalent proportion are 1, according to the required dynamic pressure of test, the mixed gas of the corresponding original pressure of filling in firing ball, according to Methane/air premixed gas original pressure and the relation of exploding between dynamic pressure:
p m , n m , T m for maximum pressure, number of moles of gas, temperature after exploding;
p 0 , n m , T 0 for front original pressure, number of moles of gas, the temperature of exploding;
Equivalent proportion is that 1 Methane/air premixed gas blast temperature is 1815K, and initial temperature is 273K, required initial mixing gaseous tension
p 0 =0.15
p m
c) respectively Laboratory Module state, acquisition system state, pressure-loaded system state, security protection system state, firing system state are carried out to self check; Respectively to the building structure to be tested being in place, the state of parts, under the duty of Laboratory Module wall surface temperature, pressure transducer, data acquisition system (DAS), different pressures load condition, working state of system, security protection system state, firing system state carry out self check, for experiment, carry out and carry out early-stage preparations;
D) each system preparation of Laboratory Module, TT&C system start;
E) Laboratory Module is fired to ball and be inflated to specified proportioning and tolerance; Start Laboratory Module to fire the Methane/air premixed gas that ball filling stoichiometric ratio is 1, and be charged to the required original pressure scope of experiment;
F) igniting, observes transient state igniting, blast process, records pressure and changes; According to experimental data and phenomenon, explosion-proof, pressure release and effectiveness of explosion suppression are carried out to performance evaluation; To thering is building explosion-proof relief parts or the structure of datonation-inhibition function, need in conjunction with Laboratory Module implode pressure, rate of pressure rise and temperature variation, its effectiveness of explosion suppression to be evaluated; Main evaluation index comprises: explosion pressure P, rate of pressure rise V
r, Laboratory Module temperature T, pressure releasing speed V
l.
3. explosion-proof, the pressure release of industrial building as claimed in claim 1 and parts and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus, it is characterized in that, can for the explosion-proof performance of building structure or parts, carry out evaluation test easily, by being P to design venting pressure, structure or the antiknock withstand voltage properties of parts carry out experiment test to this device, and then evaluate this structure or the security performance of parts under venting pressure P.
4. explosion-proof, the pressure release of industrial building as claimed in claim 1 and parts and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus, is characterized in that, for the relieving characteristics evaluation of building structure or parts, device is by measuring explosion pressure P, rate of pressure rise V
rwith pressure releasing speed V
lcarry out the pressure relief capability of evaluating apparatus.
5. explosion-proof, the pressure release of industrial building as claimed in claim 1 and parts and datonation-inhibition function evaluating apparatus, is characterized in that, for datonation-inhibition function evaluation, by measuring explosive explosion limits, explosion pressure, rate of pressure rise, evaluates datonation-inhibition ability.
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Address after: No. 110 Wei Jinnan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin Patentee after: Tianjin Institute of Fire Protection, Ministry of Emergency Management Address before: No. 110 Wei Jinnan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin Patentee before: Tianjin Fire Fighting Inst., Ministry of Public Security |