CN103607134A - Optimization and design of giant magnetostrictive actuator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses optimization and design of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, the GMA is designed, the coil size and windings are optimized and designed, and the static characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of the GMA are tested. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of a giant magnetostrictive material, the basic structure of the GMA is designed, and the loading method of the bias magnetic field is determined. The influences, caused by parameters of the coil size, on magnetic field distribution on the coil axis and the electric-magnetic conversion efficiency of a coil are studied, and the coil size is optimized and designed. The coil power consumption expression is put forward, the influences, caused by the diameters of the windings, on the power consumption are analyzed, and the windings are selected preferentially. The experimental results show that the GMA has the good static characteristics and the good dynamic characteristics, the working characteristics of the GMA are matched with the design parameters, and reasonability of the optimization and design of the coil is proved. The GMA has the good dynamic working characteristics and also has high repeatability, can be dynamically controlled in real time and has high universality and high engineering practical value.

Description

The Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator

Technical field

Technical Design of the present invention ultra-magnetic deformation actuator (GMA), specifically its coil dimension and coiling are optimized to design, and, dynamic operational behaviour quiet to it carried out experiment test.

Background technology

When ferromagnetic material magnetizes because of external magnetic field, the phenomenon that its length and volume all change is called magnetostrictive effect.1974, some scientific research personnel find ternary RE alloy Tb1-xDyxFe2 time magnetostrictivity reach peak value, because this alloy has very high magnetostrictive strain at normal temperatures, therefore be called as giant magnetostrictive material (GiantMagnetostrictive Material, GMM), material has the excellent properties such as response is fast, strain is large, High power output, in fields such as active vibration isolation, Precision Machining, fluid controls, has far-reaching application prospect.Ultra-magnetic deformation actuator (Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator, GMA) is to take the basic mechanical energy output device that GMM is core.

In GMA, the energy of GMM generation magnetostrictive strain all comes from the excitation field of coil, the electromagnetic conversion characteristics of magnet exciting coil becomes the important indicator of evaluating GMM device quality, the volume of magnet exciting coil is also the principal element that affects GMM device overall dimensions, the heat that magnet exciting coil energy consumption changes into is simultaneously also one of important sources of GMM device heating, but the material parameter of coil, the distribution that the many factors joint effects such as structural parameters magnetic field intensity, so coil design is the Focal point and difficult point of Giant Magnetostrictive Devices design always, there is important theory significance and actual application value.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: by coil dimension and the coiling of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator (GMA) are optimized to design, reach quiet, dynamic operational behaviour preferably, have higher versatility and engineering practical value.

The present invention solves this technical problem adopted technical scheme: the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator, designed ultra-magnetic deformation actuator (GMA), coil dimension and coiling are optimized to design, and have tested quiet, the dynamic characteristic of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator.On the basis of analyzing giant magnetostrictive material characteristic, design GMA basic structure, and determined the load mode of bias magnetic field.Studied the impact of coil dimension parameter on electricity-magnetic conversion efficiency two aspects of Distribution of Magnetic Field on coil axis and coil, optimal design the size of coil; Proposed coil power dissipation expression formula and analyzed the impact of winding diameter on power consumption, preferentially having chosen coiling.By experiment, result shows that GMA has good static state, dynamic characteristic, and GMA operating characteristic and design parameter match, and has proved the reasonability of Optimization Design on Coil.

The Optimum and design of above-mentioned ultra-magnetic deformation actuator, described magnet exciting coil and the structure of coil rack, as shown in Figure 2.It is that the aluminium that 2mm is thick is made that coil rack adopts thickness, and the key dimension parameter of coil has the wire diameter d of enamelled wire _w, coil internal diameter R _c1, coil outer diameter R _c2and the long L of coil _c.Due to the restriction of GMM rod and coil rack, R _c1=15mm.

The Optimum and design of above-mentioned ultra-magnetic deformation actuator, described coil dimension optimal design: first, if coiling thickness is less, can suppose that coil is the solenoid of winding of single layer, its radius is R _cx, the number of turn is N _x, to pass into electric current be I _x, on axis, apart from solenoid center, be that x place generation magnetic field intensity is so:

$H_x=\frac{N_x{I}_x}{2L_c}(\frac{x+\frac{L_c}{2}}{\sqrt{{\left(R_{\mathrm{cx}}\right)}^2+{(x+\frac{L_c}{2})}^2}}-\frac{x-\frac{L_c}{2}}{\sqrt{{\left(R_{\mathrm{cx}}\right)}^2+{(x-\frac{L_c}{2})}^2}})---\left(1\right)$

Practice shows, solenoid axis center magnetic field intensity maximum, when x=0:

$H_{\max }=\frac{N_x{I}_x}{2L_c}\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\left(R_{\mathrm{cx}}\right)}^2+{\left(\frac{L_c}{2}\right)}^2}}---\left(2\right)$

So just have:

$\frac{H_x}{H_{\max }}=\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\γ}}^2}+\frac{1}{4}}\right)(\frac{\mathrm{\χ}+0.5}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\γ}}^2}+{(\mathrm{\χ}+0.5)}^2}}-\frac{\mathrm{\χ}-0.5}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\γ}}^2}+{(\mathrm{\χ}-0.5)}^2}})---\left(3\right)$

Wherein, $\mathrm{\γ}=\frac{L_c}{{2R}_{\mathrm{cx}}},\mathrm{\χ}=\frac{x}{L_c}.$

Formula (3) can represent that different loop lengths and diameter are on producing the impact of the uniformity in magnetic field.

The Optimum and design of above-mentioned ultra-magnetic deformation actuator, described coil-winding optimal design: because the power consumption of coil is directly related with the impedance that twines coil processed enamelled wire used, the impedance expression passing in coil after alternating current is:

$Z=[2R_{c1}+\frac{{{\mathrm{Nd}}_w}^2}{L_c}]g\sqrt{N^2{\mathrm{\π}}^2{{\mathrm{\Ω}}_w}^2+\frac{N^2\mathrm{\πf}{{\mathrm{\Ω}}_n}^2{\mathrm{\μ}}_n}{{d_w}^2}+\frac{{k_c}^2{N}^2{\mathrm{\π}}^4{f}^2{{\mathrm{\μ}}_0}^2{{\mathrm{\μ}}_s}^2}{4}{({2R}_{c1}+\frac{{{\mathrm{Nd}}_w}^2}{L_c})}^2}---\left(4\right)$

Each parameter value in formula (4), as shown in table 1.

Parameter in table 1 formula (4)

In formula (4), the computing formula of turn number N is:

$N=\frac{L_c(R_{c2}-R_{c1})}{{d_w}^2}---\left(5\right)$

The fundamental formular deformability that coil produces magnetic field intensity is:

$I=\frac{{\mathrm{HL}}_c}{N}---\left(6\right)$

While passing into electric current in coil, the energy consumption of coil is: P=I ²z

The Optimum and design of above-mentioned ultra-magnetic deformation actuator, described carries out operating characteristic measurement to GMA, comprising: the experiment of (1) static drive, the current range that passes into coil is (0～4) A, every a displacement output variable of 0.4A record.When input current in the scope of (0.4～2.5) A GMA displacement output variable and electric current substantially linear, this current range is consistent with the operating current of coil design, has proved the correctness of Optimization Design on Coil.(2) dynamic test, the current signal of power amplifier output is, frequency f=200Hz.Under each Energizing cycle, the output displacement curve of actuator is basic identical, therefore actuator has good repeatability, can carry out real-time dynamic control to it.But due to the inner eddy current loss that easily produces of GMM rod under action of alternating magnetic field, actuator output displacement when 200Hz drives is significantly less than Static output displacement.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1. dynamic operational behaviour is good to there is higher repeatability; 2. can carry out dynamically controlling in real time to it, there is higher versatility and engineering practical value.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.

Fig. 1 is the schematic process flow diagram of the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the loop construction schematic diagram of the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator of the present invention.

Embodiment

Embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 showing, the flow process of the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator of the present invention is: on the basis of analyzing giant magnetostrictive material characteristic, designed GMA basic structure, and determined the load mode of bias magnetic field.Studied the impact of coil dimension parameter on electricity-magnetic conversion efficiency two aspects of Distribution of Magnetic Field on coil axis and coil, optimal design the size of coil; Proposed coil power dissipation expression formula and analyzed the impact of winding diameter on power consumption, preferentially having chosen coiling.By experiment, result shows that GMA has good static state, dynamic characteristic, and GMA operating characteristic and design parameter match, and has proved the reasonability of Optimization Design on Coil.

Embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 showing, the loop construction schematic diagram of the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator of the present invention: it is that the aluminium that 2mm is thick is made that coil rack adopts thickness, and the key dimension parameter of coil has the wire diameter d of enamelled wire _w, coil internal diameter R _c1, coil outer diameter R _c2and the long L of coil _c.Due to the restriction of GMM rod and coil rack, R _c1=15mm.

Claims (3)

1. the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator, is characterized in that: designed ultra-magnetic deformation actuator (GMA), coil dimension and coiling are optimized to design, and tested quiet, the dynamic characteristic of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator; On the basis of analyzing giant magnetostrictive material characteristic, design GMA basic structure, and determined the load mode of bias magnetic field; Studied the impact of coil dimension parameter on electricity-magnetic conversion efficiency two aspects of Distribution of Magnetic Field on coil axis and coil, optimal design the size of coil; Proposed coil power dissipation expression formula and analyzed the impact of winding diameter on power consumption, preferentially having chosen coiling; By experiment, result shows that GMA has good static state, dynamic characteristic, and GMA operating characteristic and design parameter match, and has proved the reasonability of Optimization Design on Coil.

2. the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator according to claim 1, be further characterized in that, described magnet exciting coil and the structure of coil rack, it is that the aluminium that 2mm is thick is made that coil rack adopts thickness, the key dimension parameter of coil has the wire diameter d of enamelled wire _w, coil internal diameter R _c1, coil outer diameter R _c2and the long L of coil _c; Due to the restriction of GMM rod and coil rack, R _c1=15mm.

3. the Optimum and design of ultra-magnetic deformation actuator according to claim 1, be further characterized in that, described carries out operating characteristic measurement to GMA, comprising: the experiment of (1) static drive, the current range that passes into coil is (0～4) A, every a displacement output variable of 0.4A record; When input current in the scope of (0.4～2.5) A GMA displacement output variable and electric current substantially linear, this current range is consistent with the operating current of coil design, has proved the correctness of Optimization Design on Coil; (2) dynamic test, the current signal of power amplifier output is, frequency f=200Hz; Under each Energizing cycle, the output displacement curve of actuator is basic identical, therefore actuator has good repeatability, can carry out real-time dynamic control to it; But due to the inner eddy current loss that easily produces of GMM rod under action of alternating magnetic field, actuator output displacement when 200Hz drives is significantly less than Static output displacement.

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