CN103606955B - A kind of micro-grid power source based on half-sinusoid - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of micro-grid power source based on half-sinusoid bus, belong to distributed micro-grid field of power supplies.The topological structure of this power supply includes full-bridge rectification module (3), BOOST module (1), BUCK module (2) and full-bridge inverting module (4), and the input interface of power supply includes commercial power interface and new forms of energy power interface (hereafter for photo-voltaic power supply).Civil power input obtains half-sinusoid dc bus after full-bridge rectification；Photovoltaic cell first passes around BOOST module Maximum Power Output, is then passed through the current source of the output of BUCK module and half-sinusoid dc bus same frequency homophase, and directly confluxes into dc bus；Dc bus after confluxing exports sinusoidal ac through power frequency full bridge inverter and is supplied to load.Present invention employs the control of confluxing of half-sinusoid dc bus complementary in real time to realize photoelectricity, do not need energy storage device and Large Copacity bus capacitor can obtain the stable output of photovoltaic energy and efficiently utilize, reach the purpose reducing electricity generation system cost with extending power source life.
Description
Background technology:
Along with economic development, population increases, and energy resource consumption quickly increases, and brings the significant problems such as energy shortage, environmental pollution, ecological degeneration.The research institution of countries in the world and enterprise put into substantial amounts of man power and material one after another in the middle of this emerging industry.Between the several years in past, the photovoltaic combining inverter with function of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is widely used in states such as America and Europes, but at home due to every correlation technique not yet full maturitys such as electrical network distribution, directly deliver the power to electrical network and there is the potential impact to bulk power grid.Separately there are some to study towards concrete application and development photovoltaic separate inverter unit, have been applied to the outlying and Island that electrical network is difficult to popularize.In order to obtain stable electric energy, separate inverter unit is typically equipped with jumbo accumulator battery to be dispatched with the timesharing realizing the energy, and the defect of battery technology result in these products inherent high initial stage input and maintenance cost at present, capacity usage ratio is not enough and the various potential safety hazard caused by accumulator.
Above-mentioned reason causes the photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter Difficulty in civilian and industrial field.For this reason, it is necessary to research is under the premise of no storage battery energy storage scheduling, adopt the technology that civil power and photovoltaic real-time convergence complementation control, it is achieved photovoltaic energy stable, efficiently export.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that the present invention overcomes prior art, it is proposed to based on micro-grid power source and the control method thereof of half-sinusoid bus, to realize when no storage battery energy storage dispatch, photovoltaic energy stably, efficiently export.
Micro-grid power source structure of the present invention includes full-bridge rectification module (3), BOOST module (1), BUCK module (2) and full-bridge inverting module (4), the power input interface being made up of commercial power interface and photovoltaic cell interface concurrent；Wherein: civil power is by full-bridge rectification module (3) output half-sinusoid dc bus, and when not adopting large bulk capacitance to filter directly as voltage source, its outfan is connected to the input of full-bridge inverting module (4)；Photovoltaic cell is controlled by BOOST circuit realiration MPPT maximum power point tracking, its outfan is as the input of BUCK circuit, current source by the output of BUCK circuit with half-sinusoid dc bus same frequency homophase, outfan is connected to the input of full-bridge inverting module (4), and BUCK circuit also maintains the stability of BOOST circuit output end voltage simultaneously；Above-mentioned voltage source and current source realize confluxing control on half-sinusoid dc bus, and eventually through full bridge inverter outputting standard alternating current when low frequency inversion.It is as follows that the control method of BOOST module (1) specifically comprises step:
2.1 samplings obtain photovoltaic voltage UpvWith photovoltaic electric current Ipv, and input MPPT controller, this controller output photovoltaic voltage UpvReference voltage level Upv_ref；
2.2 according to Upv_refWith UpvObtain photovoltaic voltage error Eupv, by EupvInput closed loop feedback controller 1, this controller output BOOST module dutycycle Dbo,
2.3 by BOOST module dutycycle DboInlet highway protector, after protector judges, dutycycle DboAmplify and export to switching tube M0；
The rate-determining steps of described bus protection device is as follows:
3.1 set output voltage threshold value Ubo1<Ubo2<Ubo3.Sampling BOOST module output voltage UboIf, Ubo>Ubo1And Ubo<Ubo2, then step 3.2 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo2And Ubo<Ubo3, then step 3.3 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo3, then step 3.4 is entered；
3.2MPPT controller performs inverse process, i.e. Upv_refAdjustment towards photovoltaic output PpvThe direction change reduced；
3.3MPPT controller performs inverse process, and opens discharge channel M1 until UboLess than Ubo1, by resistance R0Release bus energy, to reduce Ubo；
3.4 open discharge channel M1 until UboLess than Ubo1, BOOST module dutycycle resets, and M0 is forced shutdown, and stops and initializing boosting.
It is as follows that the control method of BUCK module (2) specifically comprises step:
4.1 set output voltage threshold value Ubo0<Ubo_ref<Ubo1.Sampling BOOST module output voltage UboIf, Ubo<Ubo0, then step 4.2 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo0, then step 4.3 is entered;
BUCK module dutycycle is reset by 4.2, positive closing M2, stops and initializing confluxing；
4.3 by UboWith Ubo_refDo difference and obtain BOOST module output voltage error Eubo, and by EuboInput to closed loop feedback controller 2, it is thus achieved that BUCK module output current reference value amplitude Ibu_amp；
4.4 by reference value amplitude Ibu_ampInput signal conditioning 1, obtains sineization the result I taken absolute valuebu_ref, wherein sineization is realized and line voltage U by genlock PLLnetWith frequency homophase；
4.5 sampling BUCK module output current Ibu, according to Ibu_refWith IbuObtain error Eibu, error is inputted closed loop feedback controller 3, it is thus achieved that BUCK module dutycycle Dbu；This result and enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller take and operation, finally enter drive amplification drives switching tube M2.
Rate-determining steps for retraining the enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller described in the instantaneous value upper limit of DC bus-bar voltage is as follows: first sampling line voltage UnetAnd input signal conditioning 2, take absolute value and amplify K times, its result UsaAs BUCK module output voltage UbuEnveloping outer enclosure, if Ubu>UsaThen enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller output 0 to door, otherwise output 1 to door.Aforesaid operations result is BUCK module output voltage UbuIt is constrained on UnetAbsolute value and K times of UnetBetween absolute value.
The control method of full-bridge inverting module (4) is specific as follows: sampling line voltage UnetAnd inputting phase-locked loop pll, PLL catches UnetRising edge and trailing edge exporting to power frequency direction selecting controller, when input is for rising edge, controller cuts out T1, T4 and also opens T2, T3；When input is for trailing edge, controller cuts out T2, T3 and opens T1, T4.Switching signal needed to postpone through dead band before driving switching tube.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of micro-grid power source of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of micro-grid power source of the present invention
The energy that Fig. 3～5 are micro-grid power source of the present invention flows to analysis chart
Fig. 6～8 are the control method schematic diagram of micro-grid power source of the present invention
Major Symbol title in above-mentioned accompanying drawing: PV is photovoltaic cell；AC is civil power；M0 is BOOST switching tube；M1 is discharge channel switching tube；M2 is BUCK switching tube；T1～T4 is full-bridge switch pipe；L0, L1 are filter inductance；E0 is big capacity electrolyte capacitor；C0, C1 are filter capacitor；D0, D1 are fly-wheel diode；D2～D5 is commutation diode；R0 is discharge resistance；R1 is load；IpvFor photovoltaic electric current；UpvFor photovoltaic voltage；Upv_refFor photovoltaic voltage reference value；EupvFor photovoltaic voltage tracking error；DboFor booster circuit dutycycle；UboFor booster circuit output end voltage；UnetFor line voltage；UsaFor line voltage absolute value K times；Ubo_refFor booster circuit output end voltage reference value；Ibu_ampFor the current amplitude that confluxes；Ibu_refFor current reference value of confluxing；IbuElectric current is exported for reduction voltage circuit；EibuCurrent error is exported for reduction voltage circuit；DbuFor reduction voltage circuit dutycycle；
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
Micro-grid power source structure of the present invention includes full-bridge rectification module (3), BOOST module (1), BUCK module (2) and full-bridge inverting module (4), the power input interface being made up of commercial power interface and photovoltaic cell interface concurrent；Wherein: civil power is by full-bridge rectification module (3) output half-sinusoid dc bus, and when not adopting large bulk capacitance to filter directly as voltage source, its outfan is connected to the input of full-bridge inverting module (4)；Photovoltaic cell is controlled by BOOST circuit realiration MPPT maximum power point tracking, its outfan is as the input of BUCK circuit, current source by the output of BUCK circuit with half-sinusoid dc bus same frequency homophase, outfan is connected to the input of full-bridge inverting module (4), and BUCK circuit also maintains the stability of BOOST circuit output end voltage simultaneously；Above-mentioned voltage source and current source realize confluxing control on half-sinusoid dc bus, and eventually through full bridge inverter outputting standard alternating current when low frequency inversion.It is as follows that the control method of BOOST module (1) specifically comprises step:
2.1 samplings obtain photovoltaic voltage UpvWith photovoltaic electric current Ipv, and input MPPT controller, this controller output photovoltaic voltage UpvReference voltage level Upv_ref；
2.2 according to Upv_refWith UpvObtain photovoltaic voltage error Eupv, by EupvInput closed loop feedback controller 1, this controller output BOOST module dutycycle Dbo,
2.3 by BOOST module dutycycle DboInlet highway protector, after protector judges, dutycycle DboAmplify and export to switching tube M0；
The rate-determining steps of described bus protection device is as follows:
3.1 set threshold value Ubo1<Ubo2<Ubo3.Sampling BOOST module output voltage UboIf, Ubo>Ubo1And Ubo<Ubo2, then step 3.2 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo2And Ubo<Ubo3, then step 3.3 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo3, then step 3.4 is entered；
3.2MPPT controller performs inverse process, i.e. Upv_refAdjustment towards photovoltaic output PpvThe direction change reduced；
3.3MPPT controller performs inverse process, and opens discharge channel M1 until UboLess than Ubo1, by resistance R0Release bus energy, to reduce Ubo；
3.4 open discharge channel M1 until UboLess than Ubo1, BOOST module dutycycle resets, and M0 is forced shutdown, and stops and initializing boosting.
It is as follows that the control method of BUCK module (2) specifically comprises step:
4.1 set output voltage threshold value Ubo0<Ubo_ref<Ubo1.Sampling BOOST module output voltage UboIf, Ubo<Ubo0, then step 4.2 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo0, then step 4.3 is entered;
BUCK module dutycycle is reset by 4.2, positive closing M2, stops and initializing confluxing；
4.3 by UboWith Ubo_refDo difference and obtain BOOST module output voltage error Eubo, and by EuboInput to closed loop feedback controller 2, it is thus achieved that BUCK module output current reference value amplitude Ibu_amp；
4.4 by reference value amplitude Ibu_ampInput signal conditioning 1, obtains sineization the result I taken absolute valuebu_ref, wherein sineization is realized and line voltage U by genlock PLLnetWith frequency homophase；
4.5 sampling BUCK module output current Ibu, according to Ibu_refWith IbuObtain error Eibu, error is inputted closed loop feedback controller 3, it is thus achieved that BUCK module dutycycle Dbu；This result and enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller take and operation, finally enter drive amplification drives switching tube M2.
Rate-determining steps for retraining the enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller described in the instantaneous value upper limit of DC bus-bar voltage is as follows: first sampling line voltage UnetAnd input signal conditioning 2, take absolute value and amplify K times, its result UsaAs BUCK module output voltage UbuEnveloping outer enclosure, if Ubu>UsaThen enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller output 0 to door, otherwise output 1 to door.Aforesaid operations result is BUCK module output voltage UbuIt is constrained on UnetAbsolute value and K times of UnetBetween absolute value.
The control method of full-bridge inverting module (4) is specific as follows: sampling line voltage UnetAnd inputting phase-locked loop pll, PLL catches UnetRising edge and trailing edge exporting to power frequency direction selecting controller, when input is for rising edge, controller cuts out T1, T4 and also opens T2, T3；When input is for trailing edge, controller cuts out T2, T3 and opens T1, T4.Switching signal needed to postpone through dead band before driving switching tube.
The structure of micro-grid power source of the present invention is as it is shown in figure 1, include BOOST module (1), BUCK module (2), full-bridge rectification module (3) and full-bridge inverting module (4).Wherein: civil power connects full-bridge rectification module (3), the input of its output termination full-bridge inverting (4)；Photovoltaic cell connects BOOST module, its output termination BUCK module (2) input；BUCK module (2) outfan directly and full-bridge rectification module (3) outfan be parallel-connected to the input of full-bridge inverting (4).
The physical circuit of micro-grid power source of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2, the rectification circuit being made up of diode D2～D5 is received in civil power input, rectification circuit exports without large bulk capacitance, is directly connected on dc bus, thus dc bus is equivalent to the direct voltage source of half-sinusoid；Photovoltaic inputs through high-frequency filter capacitor C0, receives the BOOST booster circuit input controlled by switching tube M0, and BOOST circuit output end retains big capacity electrolyte capacitor E0 and reaches the effect of energy storage and low frequency filtering；Considering the factor of cost, it is significantly high that electrochemical capacitor pressure voltage will not select, and therefore designs the discharge circuit being made up of R0 and M1, when U being detectedboBeyond setting working range, then open M1 and force to drag down Ubo；The BUCK circuit input end controlled by switching tube M2 is connected with BOOST circuit output end Capacitance parallel connection, exports and accesses half-sinusoid dc bus after L1 and C1 filters；Full bridge inverter is made up of switch transistor T 1～T4, and its input directly connects half-sinusoid dc bus, and outfan directly connects load.Above-mentioned switching tube is all containing internal or external anti-paralleled diode.
The circuit structure advantage of micro-grid power source of the present invention is in that on dc bus to be provided without big capacity electrolyte capacitor, and meaning one is in that to have saved electric capacity cost, eliminates capacitance power dissipation；It two is in that to make follow-up full bridge inverter can be operated in power frequency pattern, reduces switching loss.
The circuit structure advantage of micro-grid power source of the present invention is in that only BOOST circuit output end have employed electric capacity, and owing to being that DC source is carried out energy storage filtering, therefore capacity can select less of to reduce cost, and circuit ripple is little of to improve the life-span.
Energy Flow situation within micro-grid power source of the present invention can be divided into three kinds:
[1] situation as shown in Figure 3 is the most general, and now photovoltaic energy is not enough to support needed for load completely, and energy flows to inversion module from photovoltaic and two branch roads of civil power, is supplied to load after power frequency inversion.Now photovoltaic is as current source as voltage source for civil power, and after inversion of confluxing, output voltage is in civil power between envelope and the enveloping outer enclosure of amplitude K times of civil power；
[2] situation as shown in Figure 4 is without the situation such as evening exporting energy at photovoltaic, is now exported to load by civil power through over commutation and inversion completely, and power supply power consumption is only limitted to commutation diode and switching tube on-state loss, usual less than 0.5%.The measures such as bypass additionally can be selected to reduce power consumption further.Now civil power works alone as voltage source, and inverter output voltage amplitude is slightly below civil power, and reason is the pressure drop that commutation diode and full-bridge switch pipe produce 1～2V；
[3] situation is needed for be then that photovoltaic energy is fully sufficient undertake load as shown in Figure 5, and now the output voltage of BUCK circuit is limited to enveloping outer enclosure control, and therefore output voltage is the sine wave alternating current of K times of line voltage.
The concrete control method implementation process of micro-grid power source of the present invention includes three parts, performs around BOOST module, BUCK module and full-bridge inverting module respectively, in detail below narration:
It is the concrete control method schematic diagram of BOOST module as shown in Figure 6.The purpose first that this part controls finds the voltage U that the maximum power output of photovoltaic battery panel is correspondingpvOr electric current IpvReference value；Its two be adopt closed loop feedback control make voltage Upv or electric current Ipv follow the tracks of its reference value；It three is to ensure that in BOOST module energy output procedure output voltage Ubo without departing from setting protection domain.
First, sampling photovoltaic voltage UpvWith photovoltaic electric currentIpv, and input MPPT controller (herein adopt disturbance observation method as maximum power tracking and controlling method, and with maximum power point voltage for output reference value Upv_ref)；Then, according to Upv_refAnd UpvCalculate error input feedback controller 1, be output as the dutycycle D of BOOST contactor pipebo；Then, according to output end voltage UboWhether take corresponding measure beyond safety range；Finally output PWM ripple drives switching tube.
Described UboProtective measure include: if Ubo>Ubo1And Ubo<Ubo2, then MPPT controller performs inverse process, i.e. Upv_refAdjustment towards photovoltaic output PpvThe direction change reduced；If Ubo>Ubo2And Ubo<Ubo3, then MPPT controller performs inverse process, and opens discharge channel M1 until UboLess than Ubo2, by resistance R0Release bus energy, to reduce Ubo；If Ubo>Ubo3, then discharge channel M1 is opened until UboLess than Ubo2, BOOST module dutycycle resets, and M0 is forced shutdown, and stops and initializing boosting.
It is the concrete control method schematic diagram of BUCK module as shown in Figure 7.It is stable at its reference value Ubo_ref that the purpose first that this part controls maintains Ubo；Its two be output with half-sinusoid bus with frequency homophase sinusoidal half-wave current source；It three is to ensure that DC bus-bar voltage waveform maintains essentially in the later half wave amplitude in half-sinusoid and the amplitude commercial power rectification without departing from K times.
First, it is determined that BOOST circuit output voltage UboWhether less than Ubo0If, less than Ubo0Then stop confluxing；By UboWith Ubo_refDo difference and obtain BOOST module output voltage error Eubo, and by EuboInput to closed loop feedback controller 2, it is thus achieved that BUCK module output current reference value amplitude Ibu_amp；Then, by reference value amplitude Ibu_ampInput signal conditioning 1, obtains sineization the result I taken absolute valuebu_ref, wherein sineization is realized and line voltage U by genlock PLLnetWith frequency homophase；Then, sampling BUCK module output current Ibu, according to Ibu_refWith IbuObtain error Eibu, error is inputted closed loop feedback controller 3, it is thus achieved that BUCK module dutycycle Dbu；Finally this result and enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller take and operation, finally enter drive amplification drives switching tube M2.
Described enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller, its principle is as follows: this controller is for retraining the instantaneous value upper limit of DC bus-bar voltage.First sampling line voltage UnetAnd input signal conditioning 2, take absolute value and amplify K times, its result UsaAs BUCK module output voltage UbuEnveloping outer enclosure, if Ubu>UsaThen enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller output 0 to door, otherwise output 1 to door.Aforesaid operations result is BUCK module output voltage UbuIt is constrained on UnetAbsolute value and K times of UnetBetween absolute value.
The concrete control method schematic diagram of full-bridge inverting module as shown in Figure 8, it is therefore intended that half-sinusoid unidirectional current is converted to sine wave alternating current.Principle is as follows: sampling line voltage UnetAnd inputting phase-locked loop pll, PLL catches UnetRising edge and trailing edge exporting to power frequency direction selecting controller, when input is for rising edge, controller cuts out T1, T4 and also opens T2, T3；When input is for trailing edge, controller cuts out T2, T3 and opens T1, T4.Switching signal needed to postpone through dead band before driving switching tube.
Claims (3)
1. based on the micro-grid power source of half-sinusoid bus, it is characterized in that: power supply topologies mainly includes full-bridge rectification module (3), BOOST module (1), BUCK module (2) and full-bridge inverting module (4), the power input interface being made up of commercial power interface and photovoltaic cell interface concurrent；Wherein: civil power is by full-bridge rectification module (3) output half-sinusoid dc bus, and when not adopting large bulk capacitance to filter directly as voltage source, its outfan is connected to the input of full-bridge inverting module (4)；Photovoltaic cell is controlled by BOOST circuit realiration MPPT maximum power point tracking, its outfan is as the input of BUCK circuit, current source by the output of BUCK circuit with half-sinusoid dc bus same frequency homophase, outfan is connected to the input of full-bridge inverting module (4), and BUCK circuit also maintains the stability of BOOST circuit output end voltage simultaneously；Above-mentioned voltage source and current source realize confluxing control on half-sinusoid dc bus, and eventually through full bridge inverter outputting standard alternating current when low frequency inversion；The rate-determining steps of described BOOST module (1) is as follows:
1.1 samplings obtain photovoltaic voltage UpvWith photovoltaic electric current Ipv, and input MPPT controller, this controller output photovoltaic voltage UpvReference voltage level Upv_ref；
1.2 according to Upv_refWith UpvObtain photovoltaic voltage error Eupv, by EupvInput closed loop feedback controller 1, this controller output BOOST module dutycycle Dbo,
1.3 by BOOST module dutycycle DboInlet highway protector, after protector judges, dutycycle DboAmplify and export to switching tube M0；
Described bus protection utensil has following rate-determining steps:
2.1 set threshold value Ubo1<Ubo2<Ubo3.Sampling BOOST module output voltage UboIf, Ubo>Ubo1And Ubo<Ubo2, then step 3.2 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo2And Ubo<Ubo3, then step 3.3 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo3, then step 3.4 is entered；
2.2MPPT controller performs inverse process, i.e. Upv_refAdjustment towards photovoltaic output PpvThe direction change reduced；
2.3MPPT controller performs inverse process, and opens discharge channel M1 until UboLess than Ubo2, by resistance R0Release bus energy, to reduce Ubo；
2.4 open discharge channel M1 until UboLess than Ubo2, BOOST module dutycycle resets, and BOOST switching tube M0 is forced shutdown, and stops and initializing boosting.
The rate-determining steps of BUCK module (2) is as follows:
3.1 set threshold value Ubo0<Ubo_ref<Ubo1.Sampling BOOST module output voltage UboIf, Ubo<Ubo0, then step 4.2 is entered；If Ubo>Ubo0, then step 4.3 is entered；
BUCK module dutycycle is reset by 3.2, positive closing BUCK switching tube M2, stops and initializing confluxing；
3.3 by UboWith Ubo_refDo difference and obtain BOOST module output voltage error Eubo, and by EuboInput to closed loop feedback controller 2, it is thus achieved that BUCK module output current reference value amplitude Ibu_amp；
3.4 by reference value amplitude Ibu_ampSineization the result I taken absolute valuebu_ref, wherein sineization is realized and line voltage U by genlock PLLnetWith frequency homophase；
3.5 sampling BUCK module output current Ibu, according to Ibu_refWith IbuObtain error Eibu, error is inputted closed loop feedback controller 3, it is thus achieved that BUCK module dutycycle Dbu；This result and enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller take and operation, finally enter drive amplification drives switching tube M2.
2. micro-grid power source as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the rate-determining steps for retraining the enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller of the instantaneous value upper limit of DC bus-bar voltage is as follows: first sampling line voltage UnetAnd take absolute value and amplify K times, its result UsaAs BUCK module output voltage UbuEnveloping outer enclosure, if Ubu>UsaThen enveloping outer enclosure hystersis controller output 0 to door, otherwise output 1 to door；Aforesaid operations result is BUCK module output voltage UbuIt is constrained on UnetAbsolute value and K times of UnetBetween absolute value.
3. micro-grid power source as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: the rate-determining steps of described full-bridge inverting module (4) is as follows: sampling line voltage UnetAnd inputting phase-locked loop pll, PLL catches UnetRising edge and trailing edge exporting to power frequency direction selecting controller, when input is for rising edge, controller cuts out T1, T4 and also opens T2, T3；When input is for trailing edge, controller cuts out T2, T3 and opens T1, T4.Switching signal needed to postpone through dead band before driving switching tube.
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| CN101951011A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2011-01-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Solar photovoltaic and commercial power combined power supply system and control method thereof |
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