CN103605875B - The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope - Google Patents

The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope Download PDF

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CN103605875B
CN103605875B CN201310662642.3A CN201310662642A CN103605875B CN 103605875 B CN103605875 B CN 103605875B CN 201310662642 A CN201310662642 A CN 201310662642A CN 103605875 B CN103605875 B CN 103605875B
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CN103605875A (en
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杨戟
王海仁
程景全
娄铮
郑宪忠
钱元
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Purple Mountain Observatory of CAS
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Abstract

The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope: based on large-scale limited software platform: (1). parametrization sets up model;(2). parametrization gridding divides;(3). parametrization imposed load;(4). initially solve;(5). set up Optimization Solution target;(6). automatically carry out step repeatedly circulation the most (4);(7). extract each cycle calculations;Computer language based on general: (8). carry out secondary development and realize reflecting surface data matching;Carry out step the most respectively (9) with step (10): (9). provide root-mean-square error;(10). provide Reflector deformation cloud atlas.The present invention solves Large Area Telescope primary mirror support design optimization problem, primary mirror surface deformation RMS ERROR < 10nm, primary mirror surface deformation RMS ERROR < 30nm under 60 degree of condition of collateral support zenith distance in the case of realizing axially supporting.Support for big visual field primary mirror of astronomical telescope and provide simple and direct design optimizing.

Description

The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of based on the support axial to primary mirror of astronomical telescope of finite element software and computer language parametric programming and Collateral support carries out the method and technology of Automatic Optimal Design, belongs to astronomical instrument research field.
Background technology
Building Next Generation of Astronomical telescope, the ability of touring the heavens on a large scale that improves is one of main trend of terrestrial optical equipment development.Light Learn astronomical telescope and primary mirror reflecting surface is required height, axially support and collateral support primary mirror distorted reflector root mean square under gravitational conditions Error nanometer scale to be optimized to, is the most all a loaded down with trivial details difficult problem.Solve primary mirror of astronomical telescope and support an optimization difficult problem, Have three below approach: one is analytic method, i.e. from theory of elastic mechanics set up primary mirror of astronomical telescope under gravitational conditions Support Mathematical Modeling, and then obtain analytic solutions;Two is experimental method;Three is numerical method, i.e. soft based on large-scale general finite element Part carries out calculating simulation.Analytic method is intended to simplify in structure find a compromise between result precision, moreover astronomical telescope master The many uses of mirror crescent uniform thickness minute surface, i.e. primary mirror reflecting surface is parabola, adds that the strong point is many, therefore from theory of elastic mechanics Founding mathematical models and to carry out Analytic Method extremely difficult.Although experimental method precision is high and reliable, but must create at primary mirror Rear just can carry out, and cost is high, operation complexity, the cycle is long, is not suitable for astronomical telescope early stage design work.Benefit from and work as For computer fast development, numerical method has more advantage relative to first two method, both can guarantee that precision, can improve again design Efficiency.
At present, researcher carries out numerical computations to telescope primary mirror and there is problems in that 1) use indeterminate support, formed Planar Mechanisms.2) optimize supporting point position reality operability out not strong, there is no systematicness and regularity.Owing to mostly grid is Using and freely divide, node location does not has rule, and optimizing supporting point position (must fall on node) out does not has rule yet, During material object supports, operability is the strongest.3) nodal information not extracting primary mirror reflecting surface carries out secondary development, shown The relatively original coordinate system Reflector deformation root-mean-square error of root-mean-square error.
Summary of the invention
In view of problem present in primary mirror of astronomical telescope supported design, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of big visual field astronomy and hope (primary mirror of astronomical telescope is the most excellent based on finite element software parametrization for the automatic optimizing design method of the remote axial and collateral support of mirror primary mirror Change method for designing), this method, closer to primary mirror reflecting surface true strain situation, improves computational accuracy, shortens the design cycle, saves Design cost and computational efficiency high Automatic Optimal Design technology.
The technical scheme completing foregoing invention task is: the Automatic Optimal of a kind of big visual field axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope Method for designing, it is characterised in that step following (as shown in figure 21): step (1)-be (7) based on large-scale limited software platform,
(1). parametrization sets up model;
(2). parametrization gridding divides;
(3). parametrization imposed load;
(4). initially solve;
(5). set up Optimization Solution target;
. automatically carry out step (1)-repeatedly circulation (4);
(7). extract each cycle calculations;
Following steps (8)-be (10) based on general computer language,
(8). carry out secondary development and realize reflecting surface data matching;
Carry out step the most respectively (9) with step (10):
(9). provide root-mean-square error;
(10). provide Reflector deformation cloud atlas;
Above primary mirror of astronomical telescope supports Optimization Design technology, and described primary mirror of astronomical telescope is uniform thickness dual paraboloid Primary mirror (crescent uniform thickness minute surface), the internal diameter of primary mirror is φ1=2r1, external diameter is φ2=2r2, upper and lower parabola is respectively WithDistance between two parabolas is the most equal, i.e. the thickness of primary mirror is h.As shown in Figure 1.
Primary mirror of astronomical telescope supports Optimization Design technology and includes primary mirror of astronomical telescope support concept theory conceptual design and base In finite element software and computer language parametric programming, preliminary design scheme is carried out automatic cycle optimization method.
Described primary mirror of astronomical telescope support concept theory conceptual design is that primary mirror uses polycyclic regular polygon top when axially supporting Point distribution static determinacy supports, and uses 6 static determinacy to support, there is not the situation of Planar Mechanisms when collateral support.
Described axial polycyclic regular polygon summit distribution static determinacy supports, i.e. axle supports when, it is assumed that gravity direction is along Z axis Negative direction, the polycyclic strong point applies equal Z axis positive direction axial force balance gravity respectively, and each ring strong point is all with this ring For on circumscribed circle regular polygon summit, strong point Z-direction axle power is equal to the gravity quantity divided by the strong point.Carrying out finite element The when of numerical computations, choose in all rings wherein in a ring three become the equilateral triangle summit strong point, and retrain them (θ, Z) six-freedom degree, all strong points in addition to these three supports apply identical Z axis positive direction axle power.
Described lateral 6 static determinacy support, under minute surface vertical case, at primary mirror external diameter r2On periphery, height H is (away from the bottom of primary mirror Parabola vertex distance) place selects 6 points, and these 6 with r2Circumference is on circumscribed circle regular hexagon summit, gives these six respectively Point applies sinusoidal or the shear force of cosine form, footpath power and axle power, the gravity of balance primary mirror and gravity torque.Carrying out numerical computations When, three become and retrain (θ, Z) six-freedom degree on the strong point of equilateral triangle summit wherein, and other strong points apply to cut Power, footpath power and axle power.
Described parametric programming carries out automatic cycle optimization method and includes that primary mirror of astronomical telescope is soft based on finite element design Part parametric programming automatic optimizing design method and primary mirror of astronomical telescope reflecting surface being intended based on computer language coding Conjunction method.
More optimize and in more detail, the automatic optimizing design method of the described axial and collateral support of big visual field primary mirror of astronomical telescope (primary mirror of astronomical telescope parameterizes automatic optimizing design method based on finite element software) including:
(1). primary mirror of astronomical telescope parameterized model is set up automatically, sets up primary mirror of astronomical telescope entity mould based on finite element software parametrization Type, can pass through r easily1、r2, the shape of the parameter adjustment primary mirror such as h, f and D.Wherein the internal diameter of primary mirror is φ1=2r1, outward Footpath is φ2=2r2, upper and lower parabola is respectivelyWithDistance between two parabolas is the most equal, primary mirror Thickness be h.
(2). the controllable parameterization accurately meeting Support Position requirement scans grid division, automatically according to number of support points, strong point initial bit Putting, regulate the parameters such as step-length, parametric control grid scans division, it is ensured that unit is all hexahedral element, and supporting point position is all Accurately fall on the node at the place, summit of regular polygon, it is ensured that the supporting point position of optimization can be implemented in practice, has rule Property and regularity.
(3). parametrization applies restraint forces and support force load automatically, according to primary mirror quality, position of centre of gravity (collateral support), gravitational moment (side Support), number of support points, strong point initial position and the regulation parameter such as step-length, the applying of parametric control load, it is ensured that accurately Errorless.
Step (4)-step (7): automatic calculation, and carry out the extraction of result of calculation, ready for loop optimization.
Write row automatic cycle based on finite element software and optimize program.It includes that instruction enters to optimize and analyzes module, it is intended that Study document, Statement optimized variable, selects optimization tool and optimization method, it is intended that optimize loop control mode, is optimized analysis and checks excellent Change implementation sequence result.
Described include based on computer language primary mirror of astronomical telescope minute surface self-compiling program approximating method:
Primary mirror reflecting surface nodal information extracts, and i.e. on the basis of finite element software every suboptimization result of calculation, writes finite element software parameter Coordinate position and each result of calculation node of changing the most former coordinate system all nodes of former parabola on Program extraction primary mirror reflecting surface become Graphic data.
(8). carry out secondary development and realize reflecting surface data matching;
(9). seek root-mean-square error, i.e. carry out digital simulation based on computer language coding to extracting node data and obtain relatively new seat Mark system new parabola primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error;
(10). provide primary mirror distorted reflector cloud atlas, the primary mirror surface deformation cloud atlas after i.e. utilizing visualization drawing software to provide matching.
The present invention solves the support scheme design optimization problem of 2.5m Large Area Telescope primary mirror, it is achieved primary mirror is axially supporting In the case of primary mirror surface deformation RMS ERROR < 10nm, primary mirror surface deformation under 60 degree of condition of collateral support zenith distance RMS ERROR < 30nm.Compared with the analytic method of prior art, experimental method and existing numerical method, it is greatly shortened Design analytical cycle, reduce analysis cost, improve analysis efficiency and analysis precision, by adjusting r1、r2, h, f, D, The parameters such as support point ring quantity, material constant, can easily be applied to different bore, geometry, material astronomical telescope In primary mirror optimization design.Make big visual field primary mirror of astronomical telescope supported design be become easy by difficulty, provide for related scientific research personnel A kind of feasible simple and direct design optimizing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 primary mirror sectional view and formula;
Fig. 2 axially supports modeling infinitesimal;
Fig. 3 axially supports the foundation of physical model;
Fig. 4 axially supports and controlled scans grid division figure;
The axial static determinacy of Fig. 5 supports figure;
The former parabola of the most former coordinate system of Fig. 6 axially supports primary mirror Aberration nephogram;
The former parabola of the most former coordinate system of Fig. 7 axially supports primary mirror microdeformation cloud atlas;
Fig. 8 axially supports primary mirror reflecting surface Node extraction;
Fig. 9 is relatively new coordinate system new parabola primary mirror distorted reflector cloud atlas after axially supporting matching;
Figure 10 axially supports optimization process;
Figure 11 collateral support static determinacy supports gravitational equilibrium figure;
Figure 12 collateral support weight torque balance figure;
The collateral support of Figure 13 controls grid and scans division;
Figure 14 side support loads applies schematic diagram;
The relatively new coordinate system of the collateral support of Figure 15 new parabola primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error is with β change curve;
The relatively new coordinate system of the collateral support of Figure 16 new parabola primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error is with H change curve;
The most former coordinate system of the collateral support of Figure 17 former parabola primary mirror Aberration nephogram;
The extraction of Figure 18 collateral support primary mirror reflecting surface node;
Relatively new coordinate system new parabola primary mirror distorted reflector cloud atlas after Figure 19 collateral support matching;
The relatively new coordinate system of Figure 20 new parabola primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error is with zenith distance angle [alpha] change curve;
Figure 21 is the flow chart of design procedure of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1, the automatic optimizing design method of the axial and collateral support of big visual field primary mirror of astronomical telescope.
Finite element software selects ANSYS, and computer language MATLAB replaces, and supports with 2.5m astronomical telescope and optimizes Specific implementation process is described as a example by process.As it is shown in figure 1, selected φ1=1000mm, φ2=2500mm, h=120mm, F=2.1316, D=φ2, two parabolical end points are linked up, then become a quadrangle.This quadrangle rotates 360 around y-axis Degree, then can form 2.5m primary mirror of astronomical telescope 3 dimensional drawing.
Axially support and use 3 ring 54 points (the positive ten octagon summits of inner ring dodecagon summit+middle ring+positive 20 quadrangles of outer shroud Summit) static determinacy support, as it is shown in figure 5, i.e. apply equal axial force balance gravity respectively on 54 strong points of three rings, often The one ring strong point is all on this ring for circumscribed circle regular polygon summit, and strong point axial force is equal to primary mirror weight divided by the strong point Quantity.Carrying out finite element simulation when, inner ring become the equilateral triangle summit strong point the most 3. go up and retrain respectively (θ, Z) the both direction free degree, retrains altogether six-freedom degree, and other 51 strong points of three rings apply equal axle power G/54.
Axially the foundation of support parameters physical model as shown in Figures 2 and 3, initially sets up 5 ° of size segments (by many bodies VGLUE forms), as shown in Figure 2.Segment divides coarse adjustment district and fine setting district, and i.e. support ring (load and constraint) can be along footpath Optimize and revise in coarse adjustment district (20mm step-length) and fine setting district's (2.5mm step-length) white line to direction.Shown in Fig. 3 Be by this segment map generate other 71 same fan bodies, 2.5m primary mirror of astronomical telescope physical model is by these 72 fans Body VGLUE forms.
As shown in Figure 4, carry out 2.5m primary mirror of astronomical telescope physical model controlled scanning division, setup parameter, allow entity Model scans division along angle, θ by 2.5 ° of angle step, in Z-direction and radial direction r direction acquiescence step-length.If the strong point is rotated If angle is optimized, it optimizes step-length is 2.5 ° of angles.Modeling and mesh parameterization control, it is ensured that the position of imposed load Put and all fall on the node on regular polygon summit.
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, it is the most original after 2.5m primary mirror of astronomical telescope axially supports primary mirror one calculating circulation The original paraboloidal Aberration nephogram of coordinate system.After obtaining primary mirror Aberration nephogram, primary mirror distorted reflector information in cloud atlas is carried out Extract, i.e. extract node coordinate and the modal displacement data of primary mirror reflecting surface, as shown in Figure 8.Extracting primary mirror reflecting surface node After information, utilize fit procedure to be fitted nodal information calculating, obtain the new paraboloidal deformation root mean square of relatively new coordinate system Error and provide primary mirror distorted reflector cloud atlas after matching, as shown in Figure 9.
The extraction of primary mirror reflecting surface nodal information and primary mirror reflecting surface the Fitting Calculation is all carried out to circulating result during optimizing every time, point Do not obtain circulation primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error every time, and draw the root-mean-square error change curve with the process of adjustment, such as figure Shown in 10.As can be seen from Fig., supporting point position change is regular, has the strongest operability in reality.
Side support concept is more complicated than axial support concept, under minute surface vertical case, at primary mirror external diameter r2Height on periphery Selecting 6 points at H, these 6 with r2Circumference is on circumscribed circle regular hexagon summit, and has two summits in vertical direction, point Apply sinusoidal or the shear force of cosine form, footpath power and axle power, the gravity of balance primary mirror and gravity torque to these six points.Such as figure 11, shown in Figure 12 and Figure 14, in the case of cylindrical coordinates, give 1., 2., 3., 4., 5. and 6. to put and all apply footpath power, cut Power and axle power, be respectively (Frcos0°,-v0cos0°,Ftsin0°)、(Frcos60°,-v0cos60°,Ftsin60°)、(Fr cos120°,-v0cos120°,Ftsin120°)、(Frcos180,-v0cos180°,Ftsin180°)、(Frcos240°, -v0cos240°,FtSin240 °) and (Frcos300°,-v0cos300°,FtSin300 °), now primary mirror is in poised state, then The moment that axle power produces should be equal to M=mgL, shear force and footpath power clearly X-axis to make a concerted effort be 0, its should wait with joint efforts in Y-axis In mg, then have
v0Rcos20°+v0Rcos260°+v0Rcos2120°+
v0Rcos2180°+v0Rcos2240°+v0Rcos2300 °=mgL,
Ftsin20°+Ftsin260°+Ftsin2120°+
Ftsin2180°+Ftsin2240°+Ftsin2300°+
Frcos20°+Frcos260°+Frcos2120°+
Frcos2180°+Frcos2240°+Frcos2300 °=mg,
F t F t + F r = β . - - - ( 1 )
The when of collateral support, physical model parametrization is set up and is set up similar with axially support physical model.Difference is that segment is set up When, only a kind of step-length, regardless of fine setting and coarse adjustment region.Emulating when, wherein three become equilateral triangle Retraining six-freedom degree on the strong point of summit, other strong points apply shear force, footpath power and axle power.
Collateral support physical model is controlled scans division, controls parameter and divides with 2mm step-length along Z-direction, i.e. imposed load is along Z It is 2mm that direction optimizes step-length, as shown in figure 13.Division is scanned with the step-length of acquiescence in θ and r direction.
Cycle calculations data processing each to finite element software is similar, as shown in Figure 17, Figure 18 and Figure 19 with axially support.
On the basis of to circulation result treatment every time, draw the deformation of collateral support primary mirror reflecting surface relatively new coordinate new parabola respectively Root-mean-square error is with Optimal Parameters change curve, as shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16.As can be seen from the figure primary mirror distorted reflector is equal Square error is strong with parameter H variational regularity, can fit to quadratic equation with one unknown, and this curve can be used to prediction and calculates The most uncalculated regional value.
Being 9.48nm try to achieve axle supporting primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error, the deformation root mean square of collateral support primary mirror reflecting surface is by mistake Difference is 31.30nm, then at zenith distance α radian, primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error is In the range of drawing α ∈ [0, pi/2], root-mean-square error is with α change curve, as shown in figure 20.It can be seen that A point is side Supporting primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error (23.12nm) under 45 degree of condition of zenith distance, B point is collateral support zenith distance 60 Primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error (27.51nm) under degree condition, has all reached less than 30nm.Can also read from figure Go out other α and be worth the deformation root-mean-square error of primary mirror reflecting surface.

Claims (7)

1. the automatic optimizing design method of the axial and collateral support of big visual field primary mirror of astronomical telescope, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
Step (1)-be (7) based on large-scale limited software platform,
(1). parametrization sets up model;
(2). parametrization gridding divides;
(3). parametrization imposed load;
(4). initially solve;
(5). set up Optimization Solution target;
. automatically carry out step (1)-repeatedly circulation (4);
(7). extract each cycle calculations;
Following steps (8)-be (10) based on general computer language,
(8). carry out secondary development and realize reflecting surface data matching;
Carry out step the most respectively (9) with step (10):
(9). provide root-mean-square error;
(10). provide Reflector deformation cloud atlas;
Step (4)-step automatic calculation (7), including instruction enter optimize analyze module, it is intended that Study document, state optimized variable, choosing Select optimization tool and optimization method, it is intended that optimize loop control mode, be optimized analysis and check optimization implementation sequence result.
The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field the most according to claim 1 axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope, its feature Be, step (1) in primary mirror of astronomical telescope parameterized model automatically set up, be based on finite element software parametrization set up astronomy Telescope primary mirror physical model, passes through r1、r2, h, f and D adjust primary mirror shape;Wherein the internal diameter of primary mirror is φ1=2r1, outward Footpath is φ2=2r2, upper and lower parabola is respectivelyWithDistance between two parabolas is the most equal, primary mirror Thickness be h.
The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field the most according to claim 1 axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope, its feature Be, step (2) in accurately meet Support Position require controllable parameterization automatically scan grid division, be to count according to support Amount, strong point initial position, regulation step-length, parametric control grid scans division, it is ensured that unit is all hexahedral element, Support point position the most accurately falls on the node at the place, summit of regular polygon.
The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field the most according to claim 1 axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope, its feature Being, step parametrization (3) applies restraint forces and support force load automatically, according to primary mirror quality, position of centre of gravity gravitational moment, Number of support points, strong point initial position and regulation step-length, the applying of parametric control load, it is ensured that accurate.
The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field the most according to claim 1 axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope, its feature Be, described step (8)-including based on computer language primary mirror of astronomical telescope minute surface self-compiling program approximating method (10):
Primary mirror reflecting surface nodal information extracts, and i.e. on the basis of finite element software every suboptimization result of calculation, writes finite element software parameter Change the coordinate position of all nodes on Program extraction primary mirror reflecting surface and each result of calculation column joints deformation data.
The automatic optimizing design method of big the visual field the most according to claim 1 axial and collateral support of primary mirror of astronomical telescope, its feature Being, the step root-mean-square error that is given (9) is: seek root-mean-square error, i.e. based on computer language coding to extracting node Data carry out digital simulation and obtain primary mirror distorted reflector root-mean-square error.
7. according to the automatic optimizing design method of the axial and collateral support of big visual field primary mirror of astronomical telescope one of claim 1-6 Suo Shu, It is characterized in that, step (10) provide primary mirror distorted reflector cloud atlas, be to utilize visualization drawing software to provide the primary mirror after matching Surface deformation cloud atlas.
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