CN103595254B - The multistage direct current circuit that voltage is controlled - Google Patents
The multistage direct current circuit that voltage is controlled Download PDFInfo
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- CN103595254B CN103595254B CN201310493145.5A CN201310493145A CN103595254B CN 103595254 B CN103595254 B CN 103595254B CN 201310493145 A CN201310493145 A CN 201310493145A CN 103595254 B CN103595254 B CN 103595254B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the controlled multistage direct current circuit of a kind of voltage of electric and electronic technical field, comprise rectification circuit and inverter circuit, wherein rectification circuit be connected in series successively by six, the rectification unit of leading switch based on inverse and an afterflow unit form, be input as two-way ac square-wave voltage, export a road direct voltage.Inverter circuit input direct voltage, exports the alternating voltage of two-way frequency-adjustable, for rear class rectification circuit is powered by high-frequency isolation transformer.The present invention has boost function and electrical isolation effect, and more multiple output DC electric pressure is higher for progression, has that boost capability is strong, structure is simple, with low cost, power grade advantages of higher.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of AC-DC converter of electric and electronic technical field, the multistage direct current circuit that specifically a kind of voltage is controlled, namely can obtain comparatively High Level DC Voltage and export booster circuit.
Background technology
Along with the development of Technics of Power Electronic Conversion technology, many DC power supply occasions needing high-voltage dc voltage are there is, as Laser Power Devices, ozone generator, plasma cutting machine Igniting unit etc.
So far, support that the constituted mode of the booster circuit that relatively high power exports roughly comprises following two classes: (1) utilizes the active or passive scheme of inductance component and transformer boost; (2) the active or passive scheme of DC converter output parallel connection.The former boost capability is limited, and the latter needs to consider that converter exports voltage-sharing, cuts both ways, but their something in common is circuit structure complexity, and it is higher to control difficulty.
Along with the expansion of practical application, the multistage direct current circuit designing a kind of structure voltage that is simple, that have stronger boost capability controlled has become one of considering when being engaged in of those skilled in the art.
Through finding the retrieval of prior art, publication number is disclose a kind of traditional two-stage voltage doubling rectifing circuit in the utility model patent " a kind of power supply changeover device with Active Power Factor Correction " of 201063536, and boost capability is lower.Publication number is disclose a kind of rectification circuit and AC-DC circuit in the patent of invention " a kind of voltage doubling rectifing circuit " of 101783599A, and circuit structure is load comparatively, and 13.56MHz signal inputs, and support that power grade is lower, boost capability is higher.Simultaneously by disclosing a kind of DC-DC circuit, there is higher boost capability, need three-way power: the pulse signal of direct voltage source, two-way phase shifting, support that power grade is lower.
Based on above analysis, for the application scenario of high-voltage DC power supply, need to release the controlled multistage direct current circuit of a kind of simple, safe and reliable, with low cost and that boost capability is strong voltage.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, propose the multistage direct current circuit that a kind of voltage is controlled, achieve high-voltage dc voltage and export, have structure simple, control easy, with low cost and that boosting ratio is high advantage.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, the present invention includes rectification circuit and inverter circuit, wherein rectification circuit be connected in series successively by six, the rectification unit of leading switch based on inverse and an afterflow unit form, be input as two-way ac square-wave voltage, export a road direct voltage.Inverter circuit input direct voltage, exports the alternating voltage of two-way frequency-adjustable, for rear class rectification circuit is powered by high-frequency isolation transformer.
Described rectification circuit comprises at least six rectification units and an afterflow unit; Wherein:
First rectification unit comprises the first diode, the first electrochemical capacitor and first against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the second diode of the second rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the first electrochemical capacitor, the anode of the first diode is connected with the first AC power, the negative pole of the first electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with first, first against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch, and first against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
Second rectification unit comprises the second diode, the second electrochemical capacitor and second against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the 3rd diode of the 3rd rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the second electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the second electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with second, second is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and second against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
3rd rectification unit comprises the 3rd diode, the 3rd electrochemical capacitor and the 3rd against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 3rd diode is connected with the anode of the 4th diode of the 4th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 3rd electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the 3rd electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 3rd, 3rd against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch, and the 3rd against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
4th rectification unit comprises the 4th diode, the 4th electrochemical capacitor and the 4th against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 4th diode is connected with the anode of the 5th diode of the 5th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 4th electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the 4th electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 4th, 4th is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and the 4th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
5th rectification unit comprises the 5th diode, the 5th electrochemical capacitor and the 5th against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 5th diode is connected with the anode of the 6th diode of the 6th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 5th electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the 5th electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 5th, 5th against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch, and the 5th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
6th rectification unit comprises the 6th diode, the 6th electrochemical capacitor and the 6th against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 6th diode is connected with the negative electrode of the 7th diode in afterflow unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 6th electrochemical capacitor, form output cathode, the negative pole of the 6th electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 6th, form output negative pole, 6th is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and the 6th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
Afterflow unit comprises the 7th diode, and wherein the negative electrode of the 7th diode forms output cathode, its anodic formation output negative pole.
Described inverter circuit comprises the 7th electrochemical capacitor, a voltage source inverter and a high frequency transformer, wherein the positive pole of the 7th electrochemical capacitor is connected with negative pole with the positive pole of input first DC power supply respectively with negative pole, and be connected with voltage source inverter input, voltage source inverter input is connected with the two ends of high frequency transformer armature winding, high frequency transformer two secondary winding are with shared tap, tap ground connection, two other terminal is connected respectively with two inputs of rear class rectification circuit respectively, exports the first AC power and the second AC power.
The multistage direct current circuit that voltage of the present invention is controlled:
Inverter circuit input direct voltage Ui1, direct voltage is reverse into single-phase square wave AC voltage by voltage source inverter, exports two-way alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3, for rear class rectification circuit is powered through high frequency transformer;
Under field conditions (factors), in rectification circuit, every is all in off state against leading switch, and the first, the 3rd, the 5th electrochemical capacitor E1, E3, E5 is full of U2i voltage magnitude, and the second, the 4th, the 6th electrochemical capacitor E2, E4, E6 is full of Ui2+Ui3 voltage magnitude;
When two-way alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, if six inverse leading in switch only have first against when leading switch conduction, first via alternating voltage Ui2 is that the first electrochemical capacitor E1 charges by the first diode;
When two-way alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, if six inverse leading in switch only have the first inverse switch and second of leading against when leading switch conduction, second road alternating voltage Ui3 and the first electrochemical capacitor E1 voltage series aiding connection are that the second electrochemical capacitor E2 charges by the second diode;
When two-way alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in negative half period, if six inverse leading in switch only have the second inverse switch and the 3rd of leading against when leading switch conduction, second road alternating voltage Ui3 and the second electrochemical capacitor E2 voltage series aiding connection are that the 3rd electrochemical capacitor E3 charges by the 3rd diode;
When two-way alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, if six inverse leading in switch only have the 3rd inverse switch and the 4th of leading against when leading switch conduction, second road alternating voltage Ui3 and the 3rd electrochemical capacitor E3 voltage series aiding connection are that the 4th electrochemical capacitor E4 charges by the 4th diode;
When two-way alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in negative half period, if six inverse leading in switch only have the 4th inverse switch and the 5th of leading against when leading switch conduction, second road alternating voltage Ui3 and the 4th electrochemical capacitor E4 voltage series aiding connection are that the 5th electrochemical capacitor E5 charges by the 5th diode;
When two-way alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, if six inverse leading in switch only have the 5th inverse switch and the 6th of leading against when leading switch conduction, second road alternating voltage Ui3 and the 5th electrochemical capacitor E5 voltage series aiding connection are that the 6th electrochemical capacitor E6 charges by the 6th diode.Voltage based on the amplitude of first via alternating voltage Ui2, each recruitment is the amplitude of the second road alternating voltage Ui3;
Visible, at every turn new rectification unit work, corresponding electrochemical capacitor voltage increases the amplitude of the second road alternating voltage Ui3, along with the increase of progression, output voltage increases step by step, and final output dc voltage is drawn with anode (output negative pole) by the negative electrode (output cathode) of the 7th diode.
As can be seen from above, the full pressure of the 6th electrochemical capacitor is far away higher than the amplitude of any AC supply voltage, and output voltage is doubled.Inverse lead switch itself not triggering and conducting time, built-in anti-paralleled diode can make corresponding electrochemical capacitor natural commutation, is equivalent to bidirectional switch during MOSFET conducting, similar synchronous rectification.First diode D1 ~ the 6th diode D6 is power stage oppositely quick recovery-type diode, plays the effect of rectification and the refluence of general reference energy.7th diode D7 is fly-wheel diode, for the use of connect inductive load afterflow.MOSFET conduction voltage drop is lower, reduces conduction loss.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention has boost function and electrical isolation effect, more multiple output DC electric pressure is higher for progression, have that boost capability is strong, power grade is large, extensibility is strong, and structure is simple, without the need to advantages such as complex control, with low cost, applied ranges.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:
Fig. 1 is the circuit theory diagrams of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the multistage direct current circuit that the present embodiment provides a kind of voltage controlled, comprises rectification circuit 1 and inverter circuit 2, wherein: rectification circuit 1 is connected in series successively by six grades or multi-stage rectifying unit and forms.Rectification circuit 1 is input as two-way ac square-wave voltage, exports a road direct voltage.Inverter circuit 2 input direct voltage, exports the alternating voltage of two-way frequency-adjustable, for rear class rectification circuit is powered by high-frequency isolation transformer.
Described rectification circuit 1 comprises six rectification units and an afterflow unit; Wherein:
First rectification unit comprises the first diode D1, the first electrochemical capacitor E1 and first against leading switch S 1, wherein the negative electrode of the first diode D1 is connected with the anode of the second diode D2 of the second rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the first electrochemical capacitor E1, the anode of the first diode D1 is connected with the first AC power, the negative pole of the first electrochemical capacitor E1 is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with first, first against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch S 1, and first against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
Second rectification unit comprises the second diode D2, the second electrochemical capacitor E2 and second against leading switch S 2, wherein the negative electrode of the second diode D2 is connected with the anode of the 3rd diode of the 3rd rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the second electrochemical capacitor E2, the negative pole of the second electrochemical capacitor E2 is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with second, second is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and second against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch S 2;
3rd rectification unit comprises the 3rd diode D3, the 3rd electrochemical capacitor E3 and the 3rd against leading switch S 3, wherein the negative electrode of the 3rd diode D3 is connected with the anode of the 4th diode of the 4th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 3rd electrochemical capacitor E3, the negative pole of the 3rd electrochemical capacitor E3 is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 3rd, 3rd against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch S 3, and the 3rd against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
4th rectification unit comprises the 4th diode D4, the 4th electrochemical capacitor E4 and the 4th against leading switch S 4, wherein the negative electrode of the 4th diode D4 is connected with the anode of the 5th diode of the 5th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 4th electrochemical capacitor E4, the negative pole of the 4th electrochemical capacitor E4 is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 4th, 4th is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and the 4th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch S 4;
5th rectification unit comprises the 5th diode D5, the 5th electrochemical capacitor E5 and the 5th against leading switch S 5, wherein the negative electrode of the 5th diode D5 is connected with the anode of the 6th diode of the 6th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 5th electrochemical capacitor E5, the negative pole of the 5th electrochemical capacitor E5 is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 5th, 5th against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch S 5, and the 5th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
6th rectification unit comprises the 6th diode D6, the 6th electrochemical capacitor E6 and the 6th against leading switch S 6, wherein the negative electrode of the 6th diode D6 is connected with the negative electrode of the 7th diode in afterflow unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 6th electrochemical capacitor E6, form output cathode, the negative pole of the 6th electrochemical capacitor E6 is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 6th, form output negative pole, 6th is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and the 6th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch S 6;
Afterflow unit comprises the 7th diode D6, and wherein the negative electrode of the 7th diode D6 forms output cathode, its anodic formation output negative pole.
Described inverter circuit comprises the 7th electrochemical capacitor E7, a voltage source inverter I1 and high frequency transformer T1, wherein the positive pole of the 7th electrochemical capacitor E7 is connected with negative pole with the positive pole of input first DC power supply respectively with negative pole, and be connected with voltage source inverter I1 input, voltage source inverter I1 input is connected with the two ends of high frequency transformer T1 armature winding, high frequency transformer T1 two secondary winding are with shared tap, tap ground connection, two other terminal is connected respectively with two inputs of rear class rectification circuit 2 respectively, export the first AC power and the second AC power.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, the parameter of each device adopted is as follows:
DC power supply Ui1:+12V;
AC power Ui2:24V;
AC power Ui3:48V;
Diode D1, D2, D3:35A/100 DEG C, withstand voltage 600V;
Diode D4, D5, D6, D7:35A/100 DEG C, two series connection, single only withstand voltage 600V;
Electrochemical capacitor E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6:680 μ F, withstand voltage 450V; ,
Against leading switch S 1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6:MOSFET, 25A/100 DEG C, 1200V;
Voltage source inverter I1: conventional voltage source inventer;
High frequency transformer T1: conventional high frequency transformer;
The present embodiment carries out work by following steps:
When alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, if six inverse leading in switch only have first against when leading switch S 1 conducting, alternating voltage Ui2 is that the first electrochemical capacitor E1 charges by the first diode D1;
When alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, lead in switch only have the first inverse switch S 1 and second inverse when leading switch S 2 conducting led if six inverse, alternating voltage Ui3 and the first electrochemical capacitor E1 voltage series aiding connection are that the second electrochemical capacitor E2 charges by the second diode D2;
When alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in negative half period, if six inverse leading in switch only have the second inverse switch S 2 and the 3rd of leading against when leading switch S 3 conducting, alternating voltage Ui3 and the second electrochemical capacitor E2 voltage series aiding connection are that the 3rd electrochemical capacitor E3 charges by the 3rd diode D3;
When alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, if six inverse leading in switch only have the 3rd inverse switch S 3 and the 4th of leading against when leading switch S 4 conducting, alternating voltage Ui3 and the 3rd electrochemical capacitor E3 voltage series aiding connection are that the 4th electrochemical capacitor E4 charges by the 4th diode D4;
When alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in negative half period, if six inverse leading in switch only have the 4th inverse switch S 4 and the 5th of leading against when leading switch S 5 conducting, alternating voltage Ui3 and the 4th electrochemical capacitor E4 voltage series aiding connection are that the 5th electrochemical capacitor E5 charges by the 5th diode D5;
When alternating voltage Ui2 and Ui3 is in positive half cycle, if six inverse leading in switch only have the 5th inverse switch S 5 and the 6th of leading against when leading switch S 6 conducting, alternating voltage Ui3 and the 5th electrochemical capacitor E5 voltage series aiding connection are that the 6th electrochemical capacitor E6 charges by the 6th diode D6.Voltage based on the amplitude of alternating voltage Ui2, each recruitment is the amplitude of alternating voltage Ui3;
Illustrate: when rear class rectification unit works, only otherwise affect prime rectification unit, centre is at least every one-level, and front stage rectification unit can work simultaneously;
In another embodiment of the invention, can adopt the rectification unit of more than six, rectification unit structure and the connection of increase are identical with the above-mentioned first ~ six rectification unit, repeat no more.
The multistage direct current circuit that voltage of the present invention is controlled: only employing diode and electrochemical capacitor both can realize the boosting to the DC power supply with different amplitude, whole circuit is very simple, design is also uncomplicated, and be convenient to increase and decrease rectification unit progression, obtain simulation analysis and experiment preliminary identification.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the multistage direct current circuit that voltage is controlled, it is characterized in that comprising rectification circuit and inverter circuit, wherein rectification circuit is input as two-way ac square-wave voltage, exports a road direct voltage; Inverter circuit input direct voltage, exports the alternating voltage of two-way frequency-adjustable, for rear class rectification circuit is powered by high-frequency isolation transformer;
Described rectification circuit comprises at least six rectification units and an afterflow unit, wherein:
First rectification unit comprises the first diode, the first electrochemical capacitor and first against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the second diode of the second rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the first electrochemical capacitor, the anode of the first diode is connected with the first AC power, the negative pole of the first electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with first, first against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch, and first against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
Second rectification unit comprises the second diode, the second electrochemical capacitor and second against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the 3rd diode of the 3rd rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the second electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the second electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with second, second is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and second against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
3rd rectification unit comprises the 3rd diode, the 3rd electrochemical capacitor and the 3rd against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 3rd diode is connected with the anode of the 4th diode of the 4th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 3rd electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the 3rd electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 3rd, 3rd against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch, and the 3rd against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
4th rectification unit comprises the 4th diode, the 4th electrochemical capacitor and the 4th against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 4th diode is connected with the anode of the 5th diode of the 5th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 4th electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the 4th electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 4th, 4th is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and the 4th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
5th rectification unit comprises the 5th diode, the 5th electrochemical capacitor and the 5th against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 5th diode is connected with the anode of the 6th diode of the 6th rectification unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 5th electrochemical capacitor, the negative pole of the 5th electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 5th, 5th against leading MOSFET grounded drain in switch, and the 5th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
6th rectification unit comprises the 6th diode, the 6th electrochemical capacitor and the 6th against leading switch, wherein the negative electrode of the 6th diode is connected with the negative electrode of the 7th diode in afterflow unit after being connected with the positive pole of the 6th electrochemical capacitor, form output cathode, the negative pole of the 6th electrochemical capacitor is connected against leading MOSFET source in switch with the 6th, form output negative pole, 6th is connected against leading MOSFET drain electrode in switch with the second AC power, and the 6th against leading the built-in anti-paralleled diode of MOSFET itself in switch;
Afterflow unit comprises the 7th diode, and wherein the negative electrode of the 7th diode forms output cathode, its anodic formation output negative pole.
2. the multistage direct current circuit that voltage according to claim 1 is controlled, it is characterized in that described inverter circuit comprises the 7th electrochemical capacitor, a voltage source inverter and a high frequency transformer, wherein the positive pole of the 7th electrochemical capacitor is connected with negative pole with the positive pole of input first DC power supply respectively with negative pole, and be connected with voltage source inverter input, voltage source inverter input is connected with the two ends of high frequency transformer armature winding; High frequency transformer two secondary winding are with shared tap, and tap ground connection, two other terminal T1 and T2 is connected respectively with two inputs of rear class rectification circuit respectively, exports the first AC power and the second AC power.
3. the multistage direct current circuit that voltage according to claim 1 and 2 is controlled, is characterized in that when rear class rectification unit works, and only otherwise affect prime rectification unit, centre is at least every one-level, and front stage rectification unit can work simultaneously.
4. the multistage direct current circuit that voltage according to claim 1 and 2 is controlled, when it is characterized in that the rectification unit of employing more than six, the 7th and above rectification unit structure and the connection of increase are identical with the above-mentioned first ~ six rectification unit.
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JPH0454875A (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-02-21 | Canon Inc | High voltage generator |
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CN201181977Y (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-01-14 | 深圳创维-Rgb电子有限公司 | Booster circuit, radio-frequency head tuning voltage circuit and television set |
CN202663304U (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2013-01-09 | 武汉农立信科技有限公司 | High-voltage electric field generation device |
CN202634281U (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2012-12-26 | 力钜电子股份有限公司 | Voltage conversion apparatus and ionic wind heat dissipation device using the same |
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