CN103590539B - A kind of finished steel strand bundle - Google Patents
A kind of finished steel strand bundle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103590539B CN103590539B CN201310487523.9A CN201310487523A CN103590539B CN 103590539 B CN103590539 B CN 103590539B CN 201310487523 A CN201310487523 A CN 201310487523A CN 103590539 B CN103590539 B CN 103590539B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- bundle
- steel
- steel strand
- steel wire
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Landscapes
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
The open a kind of finished steel strand bundle of the present invention, its structure includes: steel wire bundle, mark plate, tie wire, tie up steel band, tractor, tractor includes sleeve, sleeve one end is taper hole, being fitted with three structure same outer diameter in the taper hole of sleeve one end is tapered annular intermediate plate, and the inner ring of three intermediate plates is sleeved on steel wire bundle;Connecting one end of drawing head on the internal thread hole of the sleeve other end, the other end of drawing head is suspension ring;The outer profile size of described tractor wears, less than follow-up traction finished product steel wire bundle, the construction duct internal diameter sent.The medicine have the advantages that tractor utilizes the cooperation of sleeve and three intermediate plate taperings gradually to be clamped by finished steel strand bundle traction end;Tractor firmly can be locked with finished steel strand bundle by suspension ring and be integrated;Intermediate plate effectively prevents the landing of drawing head in distraction procedure simultaneously;Mark plate shows each single steel strand position, and prestressed stretch-draw is effective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of finished steel strand bundle in construction.
Background technology
To in building, road and bridge construction, often need many prestress wires
Penetrate in the prestressed pore passage prepared.But in existing technology, often by steel strand wires
After being transported to building site, workmen's length as required steel strand wires are carried out cutting processing,
Again single steel strand is gradually worn and pass through prestressed pore passage.This mode there is the problem that 1,
Torsion, the winding that can cause when sending each other worn in duct by many steel strand wires, wears and has sent
After, the steel strand wires at two ends are typically difficult to one_to_one corresponding, so enter at subsequent installation prestressed anchor
During row stretch-draw, between each steel strand wires, easy unbalance stress, can cause prestressing force data after stretch-draw
Deviation, affect using effect.2, every steel strand wires in many steel strand wires are used number respectively
Sign number, wears and installs corresponding anchorage further according to number designation after having sent;Above-mentioned steps is loaded down with trivial details,
It also is difficult to when anchorage is installed ensure that every steel strand wires are corresponding with hole, the anchorage at two ends location, on-the-spot
Apply very inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of prestressed stretch-draw steel
Twisted wire is effective, band tubular tractor, has simple in construction, the convenient one connecting pulling equipment
Finished steel strand bundle.
The technical scheme solving above-mentioned technical problem is: a kind of finished steel strand bundle, described finished product
Steel wire bundle includes: compiled, by multiple single steel strands comb, the steel wire bundle made in order;At steel strand wires
The two ends of bundle are respectively installed with structure identical mark plate;On the outline of steel wire bundle, spiral twines
Around tie wire;The mark plate both sides drawing one end at steel wire bundle tie up steel band respectively,
Also including that being arranged on steel wire bundle draws the tubular tractor of one end, described tubular tractor includes
Cylindrical sleeve, sleeve one end is taper hole, and described taper hole size is from one along sleeve centerline
Holding and be incremented by its other end, being fitted with three structure same outer diameter in the taper hole of sleeve one end is
Tapered annular intermediate plate, the inner ring of three intermediate plates is sleeved on steel wire bundle;The sleeve other end interior
Connecting one end of drawing head on screwed hole, the other end of drawing head is suspension ring;Described tubular draws
The outer profile size of device wears, less than follow-up traction finished product steel wire bundle, the construction duct internal diameter sent.
Preferred version is: the described drawing head other end be provided centrally with screwed hole, suspension ring one
The screw rod of end screws in drawing head screwed hole, and the suspension ring other end is the draw ring with through hole, draws
Ring hole size and pulling equipment or the supporting setting of tractive instrument.
Preferred version is: described in tie up steel band be wall thickness be the strip steel band of 0.5-5mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention overcomes the shortcoming of prior art, the present invention's is excellent
Point is as follows:
1) present invention finished steel strand bundle outline take-up strap iron wire, tie up steel band energy
It is prevented effectively between steel strand wires and is mutually wound around, even if making steel strand wires under the traction of tubular tractor
During through bellows or sheath, under pulling equipment drags, energy effective and safe is by finished steel twisted wire
Bundle is worn and is passed through construction duct bellows, wears and passes through winding and the change that journey is avoided that between steel strand wires
Shape, efficiency of construction is high.
2) traction effect of the present invention is good, and three intermediate plates in tubular tractor are along sleeve lining plug
Entering in the gap between sleeve and finished steel strand bundle, strain at suspension ring, sleeve is moving with suspension ring
In, the taper hole of sleeve one end gradually extrudes the gap between three intermediate plates, makes three intermediate plates to one-tenth
Product steel wire bundle slides near until by finished steel strand bundle locking, utilizing sleeve and three intermediate plates
Finished steel strand bundle traction end is gradually clamped by the cooperation of tapering;Tubular can be drawn by suspension ring
Device is firmly locked with finished steel strand bundle and is integrated;Intermediate plate effectively prevents distraction procedure simultaneously
The landing of middle drawing head.
3) in the present invention, mark plate side has for showing that each single steel strand is relative to position and institute
The bearing mark in direction, place, has distinguished the two ends of each steel strand wires clearly, has made each steel strand wires two
End one_to_one corresponding, it is to avoid during prestressing force drawing steel stranded wire, the non-same steel strand wires two in stretching two ends
The problem of end, makes prestressing force drawing steel stranded wire effective.
4) present invention is by producer's customized production, and it can standardize, componentization, significantly carries
High production efficiency;Construction party can immediately begin to connect work, compared to biography after receiving the present invention
The on-site cutting work pattern of system, the present invention has raising operating efficiency, improves prestressed structure
The advantages such as construction quality, low cost, saving storehouse.
5) present configuration is simple, easy to maintenance, saves man-hour.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is finished steel strand bundle structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is mark plate front view in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the sectional block diagram of tubular tractor in Fig. 1.
" sequence number explanation in accompanying drawing "
1: steel wire bundle;1a: steel strand wires;2: mark plate;2a: Directional Sign;3: colligation
Iron wire;4: tie up steel band;5: tubular tractor;5a: suspension ring;5b: drawing head;5c:
Sleeve;5d: intermediate plate;5e: draw ring.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is finished steel strand bundle structural representation of the present invention;Fig. 2 is mark plate in Fig. 1
Front view;Fig. 3 is the sectional block diagram of tubular tractor in Fig. 1.
As it can be seen, the present invention provides a kind of finished steel strand bundle, described finished steel strand bundle bag
Include: compiled, by multiple single steel strand 1a comb, the steel wire bundle 1 made in order;At steel wire bundle 1
Two ends are respectively installed with structure identical mark plate 2;On the outline of steel wire bundle 1, spiral twines
Around tie wire 3;Mark plate 2 both sides drawing one end at steel wire bundle 1 are tied up respectively
Steel band 4.
Present invention additionally comprises and be arranged on steel wire bundle 1 and draw the tubular tractor 5 of one end, described
Tubular tractor 5 includes that sleeve 5c, sleeve 5c one end of cylinder is taper hole, described taper hole
Size is to be incremented by from one end to its other end, at the cone of sleeve 5c one end along sleeve 5c center line
Being fitted with three structure same outer diameter in hole is tapered annular intermediate plate 5d, and three intermediate plate 5d's is interior
Snare is contained on steel wire bundle 1;Drawing head 5b is connected on the internal thread hole of the sleeve 5c other end
One end, the other end of drawing head 5b is suspension ring 5a;The outline of described tubular tractor 5
It is smaller in size than follow-up traction finished product steel wire bundle and wears the construction duct internal diameter sent.
The described drawing head 5b other end be provided centrally with screwed hole, the screw rod of suspension ring 5a one end
Screwing in drawing head 5b screwed hole, the suspension ring 5a other end is the draw ring 5e with through hole,
Draw ring 5e hole size and pulling equipment or the supporting setting of tractive instrument.
Described tie up steel band 4 be wall thickness be the strip steel band of 0.5-5mm
In particular, the steel wire bundle 1 of the present invention is compiled reason by five single steel strand 1a combs
Along forming, steel wire bundle 1 inward at both ends appropriate location is cased with identical mark plate 2 respectively, and
Two mark plate 2 number of openings are equal to steel strand wires 1a quantity, i.e. five through holes in bundle.Two
Five steel strand wires 1a between mark plate 2 are almost parallel, it is to avoid wrapped around one another and internal
The generation of Stress non-homogeneity.
Described mark plate 2 is discoideus, flexibility fibrous material manufacture, and mark plate 2 side
Have respectively for showing that each single steel strand 1a is relative to position and the Directional Sign in residing direction
2a;
In described steel wire bundle 1, tie wire 3 spirally carries out entirety to steel wire bundle 1 and ties up
Pricking, to prevent it at random, in addition to prevent mark plate 2 from misplacing, available adhesive tape is by mark
Plate 2 is fastened.
Described tie up steel band 4 be wall thickness be the strip steel band of 0.5-5mm, it is respectively at connecting end
Mark plate 2 both sides steel wire bundle 1 is tied up, and it is firm to tie up effect, is difficult to loose.
Needed for tie up the steel wire bundle 1 that steel band 4 length weaved into by many steel strand wires 1a comb and determine.Bundle
Steel band 4 external diameter of tying up after bundle wears, less than finished steel strand bundle, the construction duct internal diameter sent.
Described tubular tractor 5 is arranged on finished steel strand bundle 1 and draws one end;Tubular tractor
5 are made up of drawing head 5b, sleeve 5c, three intermediate plate 5d, suspension ring 5a;Described sleeve 5c
It it is the cylinder-shaped sleeve having certain wall thickness;Sleeve 5c one end is taper hole, and taper hole is at openend chi
Very little little, the more taper hole size toward its other end is the biggest;It is fitted in the taper hole of sleeve 5c one end
The internal diameter of three intermediate plate 5d is sleeved on steel wire bundle 1;Sleeve 5c and three intermediate plate 5d it
Between formed anchorage, when straining at suspension ring 5a, owing to suspension ring 5a connects as one with sleeve 5c,
So sleeve 5c moves with suspension ring 5a, the little taper hole of sleeve one end size in movement by
Gradually extruding is gradually increased three intermediate plates of tapering is for top, make gap between three intermediate plates by
The least, three intermediate plates gradually slide near until by finished steel twisted wire to finished steel strand bundle 1
Bundle locking, utilizes the cooperation of sleeve and three intermediate plate taperings by finished steel strand bundle traction end gradually
Clamping.
The process that described three intermediate plate 5d are contained in sleeve 5c is as follows:
Steel wire bundle 1 traction end is packed into sleeve 5c one end, then by three intermediate plate 5d along set
Cylinder 5c inwall is filled in the gap between sleeve 5c and steel wire bundle 1, is revolved by drawing head 5b
Set be fixed on the sleeve 5c other end, strain at suspension ring 5a, intermediate plate 5d gradually to sleeve 5c with become
Slide in depths, product steel wire bundle 1 gap, until by steel wire bundle 1 locking, so far sleeve 5c,
Intermediate plate 5d, steel wire bundle 1 position are relatively fixed, and become an entirety, finished steel strand bundle
Complete.
Below the process implementing the present invention is illustrated:
First, according to customer demand, the steel strand wires 1a comb of specific length and radical is weaved into steel strand
Wire harness 1, and with tying up iron wire 3, steel wire bundle 1 is tied up;
Secondly, overlap mark plate 2 respectively in steel wire bundle 1 inward at both ends appropriate location, make each
Single steel strand 1a, through the through hole on respective token plate 2, notes the when of installation making two
The orientation of mark plate 2 is identical, such as, can make the Directional Sign 2a side of representative above mark plate 2
Two triangle arrow of position the most upward, can ensure that every steel strand wires 1a is in stretch-draw phase
The most parallel, be not wound around;Again mark plate 2 is tied up and be fixed in finished steel strand bundle 1.
Again, steel wire bundle 1 traction end is packed into sleeve 5c, then by three intermediate plate 5d edges
Sleeve 5c inwall fills in the gap between sleeve 5c and steel wire bundle 1.
Finally, install drawing head 5b, strain at suspension ring 5a, intermediate plate 5d gradually to sleeve 5c with
Slide in depths, steel wire bundle 1 gap, until by steel wire bundle 1 locking, so far sleeve 5c,
Intermediate plate 5d, finished steel strand bundle 1 position are relatively fixed, and become an entirety, and finished steel twists
Wire harness completes.
Above one embodiment of the present of invention is described in detail, but described content has been only this
The preferred embodiment of invention, it is impossible to be considered the practical range for limiting the present invention.Fan Yiben
Equalization change and the improvement etc. that patent application scope is made, all should still belong to patent of the present invention and contain
Within the scope of lid.
Claims (3)
1. a finished steel strand bundle, described finished steel strand bundle includes: by multiple single steel strands (1a)
Comb compiles the steel wire bundle (1) made in order;It is respectively installed with structure identical at the two ends of steel wire bundle (1)
Mark plate (2);On the outline of steel wire bundle (1), spiral winding tie wire (3);?
Mark plate (2) both sides of steel wire bundle (1) traction one end tie up steel band (4), its feature respectively
It is, also includes the tubular tractor (5) being arranged on steel wire bundle (1) traction one end, described tubular
Tractor (5) includes the sleeve (5c) of cylinder, and sleeve (5c) one end is taper hole, described taper hole
Size is to be incremented by from one end to its other end, at the cone of sleeve (5c) one end along sleeve (5c) center line
Being fitted with three structure same outer diameter in hole is tapered annular intermediate plate (5d), three intermediate plates (5d) interior
Snare is contained on steel wire bundle (1);Drawing head (5b) is connected on the internal thread hole of sleeve (5c) other end
One end, the other end of drawing head (5b) is suspension ring (5a);Outside described tubular tractor (5)
Overall size wears, less than follow-up traction finished product steel wire bundle, the construction duct internal diameter sent.
2. according to a kind of finished steel strand bundle described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described traction
Head (5b) other end be provided centrally with screwed hole, the screw rod of suspension ring (5a) one end screws at drawing head
(5b), in screwed hole, suspension ring (5a) other end is the draw ring (5e) with through hole, draw ring (5e)
Hole size and pulling equipment or the supporting setting of tractive instrument.
3. according to a kind of finished steel strand bundle described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described in tie up
Steel band (4) be wall thickness be the strip steel band of 0.5-5mm.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310487523.9A CN103590539B (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2013-10-17 | A kind of finished steel strand bundle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310487523.9A CN103590539B (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2013-10-17 | A kind of finished steel strand bundle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN103590539A CN103590539A (en) | 2014-02-19 |
CN103590539B true CN103590539B (en) | 2016-08-17 |
Family
ID=50080839
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201310487523.9A Expired - Fee Related CN103590539B (en) | 2013-10-17 | 2013-10-17 | A kind of finished steel strand bundle |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN103590539B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104088220B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽耀燊科技信息咨询有限公司 | A kind of finished product prestressing tendon |
CN107059643A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-18 | 中铁建大桥工程局集团第四工程有限公司 | A kind of steel hinge line lashing accessory system and its application method |
CN108643579A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-12 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | A kind of prestress wire lashing anticreep guider and its application method |
CN111305070B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-06-04 | 河北高达智能装备股份有限公司 | Whole-bundle threading method for steel strand |
CN110409835B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2023-07-25 | 广西路建工程集团有限公司 | Post-tensioning prestressed corrugated pipe inner beam penetrating device and construction method thereof |
CN114790795A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-07-26 | 吉林建筑大学 | Recycled steel fiber bundle mounting method for substituting reinforcing steel bars to participate in member stress |
Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3847002A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1974-11-12 | Suzuke Metal Ind Co Ltd | Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction |
CN2249772Y (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1997-03-19 | 石家庄市市政建设总公司 | Steel wire bounder |
CN2415206Y (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-01-17 | 柳州欧维姆建筑机械有限公司 | Dragging device |
CN2447466Y (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2001-09-12 | 李祥恩 | Strand bundle tractor |
CN201212209Y (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-03-25 | 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 | Pull-type self locking reeve guide cap |
CN101660354A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-03-03 | 中铁大桥局集团第五工程有限公司 | Prestress steel strand penetrating device |
CN101761035A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2010-06-30 | 中交第二公路工程局有限公司 | Soft and hard combined traction method for long-cable installation of cable-stayed bridge |
CN201874247U (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-22 | 广东省基础工程公司 | Device for pulling pre-stressed steel strands through corrugated tube |
CN202227278U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-23 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | Penetrating guide for carding and braiding steel strands |
CN202247692U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-30 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | Wire combing plate for combing and binding pre-stressed steel strand |
CN202248933U (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-05-30 | 上海耐斯特液压设备有限公司 | Steel strands bundle threading device |
CN202347500U (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-07-25 | 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 | Integrated cable-penetrating guiding device for U-shaped anchor cable |
CN103352432A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-10-16 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | Finished steel strand harness tractor with threaded connection sleeve |
CN203924490U (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-11-05 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | A kind of finished product steel wire bundle |
-
2013
- 2013-10-17 CN CN201310487523.9A patent/CN103590539B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3847002A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1974-11-12 | Suzuke Metal Ind Co Ltd | Method of producing steel wire and strand for pre-stressed concrete construction |
CN2249772Y (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1997-03-19 | 石家庄市市政建设总公司 | Steel wire bounder |
CN2415206Y (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-01-17 | 柳州欧维姆建筑机械有限公司 | Dragging device |
CN2447466Y (en) * | 2000-08-31 | 2001-09-12 | 李祥恩 | Strand bundle tractor |
CN201212209Y (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2009-03-25 | 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 | Pull-type self locking reeve guide cap |
CN101660354A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-03-03 | 中铁大桥局集团第五工程有限公司 | Prestress steel strand penetrating device |
CN101761035A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2010-06-30 | 中交第二公路工程局有限公司 | Soft and hard combined traction method for long-cable installation of cable-stayed bridge |
CN201874247U (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-22 | 广东省基础工程公司 | Device for pulling pre-stressed steel strands through corrugated tube |
CN202227278U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-23 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | Penetrating guide for carding and braiding steel strands |
CN202247692U (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-05-30 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | Wire combing plate for combing and binding pre-stressed steel strand |
CN202248933U (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-05-30 | 上海耐斯特液压设备有限公司 | Steel strands bundle threading device |
CN202347500U (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-07-25 | 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 | Integrated cable-penetrating guiding device for U-shaped anchor cable |
CN103352432A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-10-16 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | Finished steel strand harness tractor with threaded connection sleeve |
CN203924490U (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2014-11-05 | 天津鑫坤泰预应力专业技术有限公司 | A kind of finished product steel wire bundle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN103590539A (en) | 2014-02-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103590539B (en) | A kind of finished steel strand bundle | |
CN102535336B (en) | Composite prestressed bar finished guy cable and manufacturing method thereof | |
CN105256622A (en) | Splicing method of ultrahigh high molecular weight polyethylene fiber rope ring plate sling | |
CN102587279A (en) | Steel strand finished stay cable and manufacturing method thereof | |
CN104499652A (en) | Finished prestressed steel stranded wire harness convenient for construction | |
CN203256530U (en) | Flat-knitting steel rope cable | |
CN106087759B (en) | A kind of threading method of prestressed strand threader and prestressed strand | |
CN102926248B (en) | The sth. made by twisting stock technique of the outer wire-winding type of a kind of outer unwrapping wire | |
CN103388379B (en) | A kind of finished steel strand bundle | |
CN203924490U (en) | A kind of finished product steel wire bundle | |
CN103352432A (en) | Finished steel strand harness tractor with threaded connection sleeve | |
CN104088220A (en) | Finished product prestress steel strand | |
CN207164331U (en) | A kind of anti-optical cable drop device | |
CN103362311B (en) | A kind of traction apparatus of finished steel strand bundle band anchorage | |
CN204360844U (en) | A kind of roll-forming wire harness production line | |
CN202787074U (en) | Steel strand wire extrusion anchor backstay cable | |
CN203487460U (en) | Finished steel strand bundle tractor with threaded connection sleeve | |
CN203547153U (en) | Mandrel traction device for finished steel strand bundles | |
CN103696537A (en) | Finished product steel strand bundle with fixable carding board | |
CN203729496U (en) | Finished steel strand bundle with wire carding plate | |
CN205839766U (en) | Simple tool for winding steel wires of steel strands on site | |
CN103452244A (en) | Finished steel strand bundle product | |
US2141138A (en) | Bridge cable strand | |
CN203487791U (en) | Finished steel strand dedicated tractor with anchorage device | |
CN107302195A (en) | Cable laying method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20160817 Termination date: 20201017 |