CN103582740A

CN103582740A - Air-freightable containment cap for containing a subsea well

Info

Publication number: CN103582740A
Application number: CN201280027567.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 理查德·哈兰德; 罗伊·布兰特·希林三世; 罗伯特·温菲尔德·富兰克林; 斯图尔特·道格拉斯·雷蒂
Original assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
Current assignee: BP Corp North America Inc
Priority date: 2011-06-17
Filing date: 2012-05-08
Publication date: 2014-02-12
Also published as: EA201370242A1; CA2835132A1; EP2721249A1; CA2837692A1; WO2012173716A2; EA201370243A1; CN103597168A; US20120318521A1; WO2012173716A3; US20120318522A1; BR112013031327A2; AU2012273431A1; MX2013014050A; WO2012177329A1; EP2721250A2; MX2013014052A

Abstract

A modular containment cap for containing a subsea wellbore discharging hydrocarbons comprises a lower assembly including a spool body having an upper end, a lower end opposite the upper end, and a first throughbore extending from the upper end to the lower end. In addition the containment cap comprises an upper assembly including a spool piece having an upper end, a lower end opposite the upper end, a throughbore extending from the upper end to the lower end, and a first spool piece valve disposed in the throughbore. The first spool piece valve is configured to control the flow of fluids through the throughbore of the spool piece. The upper end of the spool body is releasably connected to the lower end of the spool piece, and the first throughbore of the spool body is coaxially aligned with and in fluid communication with the throughbore of the spool piece.

Description

Air-portable capping for shutoff submarine well

The cross reference of related application

The U.S. Provisional Application No.61/498 that the application requires to submit on June 17th, 2011, title is " Air-Freightable Containment Cap for Containing a Subsea Well(is for the air-portable capping of shutoff submarine well) ", 269 priority, this U.S. Provisional Patent Application is incorporated to herein with its integral body by reference at this.The U.S. Provisional Application No.61/500 that the application also requires to submit on June 24th, 2011, title is " Subsea Containment Cap Adapter(seabed capping adapter) ", 679 priority, this U.S. Provisional Patent Application is incorporated to herein with its integral body by reference at this.

Declaration about federal funding research or exploitation

Inapplicable.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to the system and method for the subsea wellbore of shutoff discharge hydro carbons.More specifically, the present invention relates at the subsea wellbore of flexible coupling place of deep sea vertical pipe assembly, preventer (BOP) or well head and control hydro carbons, be discharged into the system and method for seawater around for gland.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of for gland subsea blow out preventer or deep sea vertical pipe assembly and control hydro carbons and be discharged into the air-portable system of modularization of seawater around.

Background technology

At sea, in drilling operation, preventer (BOP) is arranged on the well head at sea bed place, and deep sea vertical pipe assembly (LMRP) is installed to BOP.In addition, probing standpipe extends to drilling ship or the rig on sea from the flexible coupling of the upper end at LMRP.Then, drill string passes through probing standpipe, LMRP and BOP to well from rig suspention.Choke flow line and kill line also suspend in midair and are connected to usually used as the BOP that drills the part of riser assemblies from rig.

During drilling operation, bore liquid or mud and by drill string, be transferred and be back to the ring body between drill string and housing that well is in line.If spot layer fluid flow in ring body fast, be commonly referred to " kill-job ", BOP and/or LMRP can start with seal ring body and control well.Particularly, BOP and LMRP comprise and can seal and seal well to stop gas or packing component that liquid discharges from well.Therefore, BOP and LMRP are used as sealing, separated and seal the device of well.Heavier drilling mud can be transferred by drill string, thereby the well equipment that forces fluid to be arranged in BOP and LMRP top by choke flow line or kill line with protection from body ring is avoided the pressure being associated with formation fluid.The structural integrity of supposing well not yet suffers damage, and drilling operation can continue.Yet, if can not continue drilling operation, cement or heavier drilling mud can be transported to well with kill-job.

If well is not sealed, blowout may occur.Blowout can damage the connector between undersea device and/or infringement undersea device.If it causes hydro carbons to be discharged into around in seawater, can be especially problematic.In addition, it may be challenging remotely processing because discharge may be below sea hundreds of or thousands of feet.

In the situation that such seabed blowout causes hydro carbons to be discharged into around in seawater, gland well and/or closed-in well institute's time spent amount are important (that is, the time spent are more, and the hydro carbons being discharged in water is around more).Gland is acquisition the 2nd BOP, the 2nd BOP is dropped to seabed, the 2nd BOP is connected to the seabed BOP of discharge hydro carbons or the upper end of LMRP with a kind of possible scheme of closing submarine well, then utilizes the 2nd BOP closed-in well.Yet due to them huge size and weight, most conventional BOP is not air transportable.Accordingly, identification, the suitable conventional BOP that obtains and transport for using in the blowout of gland seabed may be consuming time and inefficient.

Therefore, there are in the art the needs to the system and method for gland submarine well.If such system and method provide gland discharge hydrocarbon fluid submarine well possibility and be air portable, they will be acceptable especially.

Summary of the invention

These and other in this area need to solve by hydro carbons being discharged into the modularization capping of the submarine well of seawater around for shutoff in one embodiment.In one embodiment, capping comprises lower assembly, and this lower assembly comprises short tube main body, and this short tube main body has the first through hole that relative He Conggai upper end, lower end, ,Yu Gai upper end, upper end extends to this lower end.In addition, this capping comprises assembly, and on this, assembly comprises short sections, and this short sections has relative ,Cong Gai upper end, lower end, ,Yu Gai upper end, upper end and extends to the through hole of this lower end and be arranged in the first short sections valve in this through hole.This first short sections valve is configured to control flowing of the through hole of fluid by described short sections.The upper end of short tube main body is releasably connected to the lower end of short sections, and the first through hole of short tube main body and the through hole of short sections is aimed at coaxially and fluid is communicated with.

These and other in this area need to be in another embodiment solves by hydro carbons being discharged into the method for the submarine well of seawater around for shutoff and/or exploitation.Well head is disposed in the upper end that sea bed is in well, and seabed BOP is installed to well head, and LMRP is installed to BOP, and standpipe extends from LMRP.In one embodiment, the method comprises (a) selection seabed landing position from BOP, LMRP or well head.In addition, the method comprises that (b) prepares landing position to be connected to modularization capping.Capping comprises lower assembly and upper assembly, and this lower assembly comprises short tube main body, and on this, assembly comprises short sections.In addition, the method comprises that (c) is transported to offshore location by lower assembly and upper assembly.Moreover the method comprises that (d) drops to lower assembly seabed and lower assembly is connected to landing position releasedly.And the method comprises that (e) drops to upper assembly seabed and upper assembly is connected to lower assembly releasedly.And the method comprises that (f) utilizes capping to close well at (d) with (e) afterwards.

These and other in this area need to solve by hydro carbons being discharged into the capping of the submarine well of seawater around for shutoff in another embodiment.In one embodiment, capping comprises lower assembly, and this lower assembly comprises short tube main body, and this short tube main body has the first through hole that relative He Conggai upper end, lower end, ,Yu Gai upper end, upper end extends to this lower end.In addition, capping comprises the valve module being arranged in slidably in the first through hole.This valve module comprises tubular body and the first short tube valve body.Tubular body has the upper end of extending from the first through hole, the through hole that is arranged in the lower end in the first through hole and extends between the top and bottom of tubular body.Flowing of the through hole of fluid by tubular body arranged and be configured to control to the first short tube valve body along the through hole of tubular body.In addition, capping comprises a plurality of annular seal assemblies that are radially positioned between short tube main body and tubular body.Each black box is configured to limit fluid flowing between tubular body and short tube main body.

Embodiment described herein comprises that expection is in order to solve the combination of the Characteristics and advantages of the various shortcomings that are associated with some device, system and method early.To those skilled in the art, after reading following detailed description and pass through with reference to accompanying drawing, above-described each characteristic and further feature will be apparent.

Accompanying drawing explanation

For the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, will carry out reference to accompanying drawing now, in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of offshore drilling system;

Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of standpipe flexible coupling of the deep sea vertical pipe assembly of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the top view of flange of the standpipe adapter of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of offshore drilling system that is subject to Fig. 1 of seabed blowout infringement;

Fig. 5 is the phantom drawing for the embodiment of the air-portable capping of modularization of the well of shutoff Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the cross-sectional side view of the capping of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is the phantom drawing of the lower assembly of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is the lateral view of the lower assembly of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is the top view of the lower assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the lower assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 11 is the phantom drawing of the upper assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 12 is the lateral view of the upper assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 13 is the cross-sectional side view of the upper assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 14 is the schematic diagram of the upper assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 15 is the phantom drawing of the kill-job reflux assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 16 is the lateral view of the kill-job reflux assembly of Fig. 5;

Figure 17 is the phantom drawing that is configured for the lower assembly of arranging in seabed of Fig. 5;

Figure 18 is component view, shows the lower assembly of Fig. 5, the instrument that is lowered to of Figure 17, and for a pair of adapter to seabed by lower arrangement of components;

Figure 19 is configured for the phantom drawing of the upper assembly of the Fig. 5 arranging for seabed;

Figure 20 A-20L is that the continuous schematic diagram on the BOP of Fig. 4 is arranged and is directly installed in the seabed of the capping of Fig. 5;

Figure 21 is the schematic diagram of the capping of Fig. 5 of being directly connected with the well head of Fig. 4;

Figure 22 is the lateral view of the embodiment of the conversion short tube for the capping of Fig. 5 is connected with the flexible coupling of Fig. 4;

Figure 23 is for regulating the phantom drawing of embodiment of system of angular orientation of the standpipe adapter of Fig. 2;

Figure 24 is the top view of the system of Figure 23;

Figure 25 is the phantom drawing of base component of Figure 23 that is installed to the flexible coupling base portion of Fig. 2;

Figure 26 is for regulating the phantom drawing of embodiment of system of angular orientation of the standpipe adapter of Fig. 2;

Figure 27 is the phantom drawing of the hydraulic pressure cylinder assembly of Figure 26;

Figure 28 is for locking the phantom drawing of embodiment of one group of tapered member of angular orientation of the standpipe adapter of Fig. 2;

Figure 29 is the top view of one group of tapered member of Figure 28;

Figure 30 A-30P is the continuous schematic diagram that the seabed of the capping of Fig. 5 is arranged and is installed to the flexible coupling of Fig. 4;

Figure 31 is the side sectional view for the embodiment of the air-portable capping of modularization of the well of shutoff Fig. 4;

Figure 32 is the schematic diagram for the embodiment of the method for the capping of arrangement diagram 5;

Figure 33 illustrates for the capping of Fig. 5 or Figure 31 being connected to the schematic diagram of the various conversion short tubes of a plurality of standpipe flexible couplings with different connector profiles;

Figure 34 is according to the front elevation drawing of the embodiment of the conversion short tube of principle described herein;

Figure 35 is the decomposition diagram of the conversion short tube of Figure 34;

Figure 36 A-36N is the front decomposition view of embodiment of conversion short tube that comprises the bottom of the different connector profile adapt to different landing position connector profiles;

Figure 37 is that the signal of stock position characterizes, and comprises the modular member of capping and in order to lid is connected to a plurality of conversion short tubes of a plurality of subsea components; And

Figure 38 is that the signal of another stock position characterizes, and comprises the modular member of capping and before shipment, is ready to coupled to form the parts of the conversion short tube of complete conversion short tube.

The specific embodiment

Following discussion relates to various embodiment of the present invention.Although one or more in these embodiment can be preferred, the disclosed embodiments should not be explained or otherwise with being restricted the scope of the present disclosure, be comprised claim.In addition, those skilled in the art is to be understood that, following description has a wide range of applications, and the discussion of any embodiment is only meant to be the example of this embodiment, and is not intended to imply by any way that the scope of the present disclosure that comprises claim is limited to this embodiment.

In manual below of some term and claims, be used, to refer to concrete feature or parts.As one of skill in the art will appreciate that, different people can refer to identical feature or parts by different names.The document is not intended to difference different parts or feature in title but not in function.Accompanying drawing not necessarily in proportion.Some feature herein and parts can be to exaggerate than exemplifying, or illustrate with a little schematic form, and for clarity and conciseness, some details of conventional element can be shown.

In following discussion and in claims, term " comprises " and " comprising " used and be therefore interpreted as referring to " including, but are not limited to ... " to open mode.In addition, term " connection " is intended to represent indirectly or directly connect.Therefore, if first component is connected to second component, this connection can be by the direct joint between two parts, or by the indirect connection through middle device, parts and/or connection.In addition, as used in this article, term " axially " and " axially " generally refer to along or are parallel to given axis (for example, the central axis of main body or port), and term " radially " and " radially " generally refer to perpendicular to given axis.Such as, axial distance refers to along or is parallel to the distance of given axis oil, and radial distance refers to the distance perpendicular to given shaft centerline measurement.

Referring now to Fig. 1, illustrate for drilling and/or manufacture the embodiment of the maritime system 100 of well 101.In this embodiment, system 100 be included in 102 places, sea offshore platform 110, be seated in sea bed 103 places well head 130 preventer (BOP) 120 and be installed to the deep sea vertical pipe assembly (LMRP) 140 of BOP120.Platform 110 is equipped with that to support the derrick 111(of heavy-duty machine not shown).Probing standpipe 115 extends to LMRP140 in seabed from platform 110.Generally speaking, standpipe 115 is LMRP140 to be connected to the large diameter pipe of floating platform 110.During drilling operation, standpipe 115 turns back to platform 110 by mud.Housing 131 extends to subterranean bore hole 101 from well head 130.

Underground work by tubing string 116(for example, drill string, mining tubular column, flexible pipe etc.) implement, tubing string 116 is supported by derrick 111 and extends through standpipe 115, LMRP140, BOP120 and extend to the well 101 that adds sleeve pipe from platform 110.Downhole tool 117 is connected to the lower end of tubing string 116.Generally speaking, downhole tool 117 can comprise for drilling, completion, assessment and/or manufacture any suitable downhole tool of well 101, includes but not limited to drill bit, packer, testing equipment, perforating gun etc.During downhole operations, post 116 and the instrument 117 that is therefore connected to post 116 can be axially with respect to standpipe 115, LMRP140, BOP120 and housing 131, radially and/or rotatably move.

BOP120 and LMRP140 are configured to controllably seal well 101 and by hydrocarbon fluid shutoff therein.Particularly, BOP120 has center or longitudinal axis 125 and comprises main body 123, this main body 123 has the upper end 123 that is fastened to releasedly LMRP140, the main aperture 124 that is fastened to releasedly the lower end 123b of well head 130 and axially extends between upper end 123a and lower end 123b.Main aperture 124 is aimed at well 101 coaxially, thereby allows well 101 to be communicated with the fluid between main aperture 124.In this embodiment, BOP120 utilizes hydraulic actuation machinery well head type connector 150 to be connected to releasedly LMRP140 and well head 130.Generally speaking, connector 150 can comprise suitable discharged well head type mechanical fastener arbitrarily, obtainable such as the Vetco Gray Inc. from Houston, Texas

profile undersea system, from the Cameron International Corporation obtainable DWHC profile undersea system of Houston, Texas and from the obtainable HC profile of the FMC Technologies undersea system of Houston, Texas.Conventionally, such well head type mechanical fastener (for example, connector 150) be included in herein supine Male Connector or " the hub shape thing (hub) " with Reference numeral 150a mark, this Male Connector or " hub shape thing " are received and are engaged releasedly by complementary prone coupling Female Connector or the holder with Reference numeral 150b mark in this article.In addition, BOP120 comprises a plurality of axially stacking relative flashboard-mono-in groups group relative totally-enclosed shear ram or blades 127, for cutting off tubing string 116 and from standpipe 115 sealing wells 101; Two groups of relative tube shut-off devices 128,129, for the ring body of bond post 116 and sealing tubular column surrounding 116.In other embodiments, BOP(for example, 120) can also comprise the blank ram that one or more groups is relative, this one or more groups relative blank ram is for for example, when not having post (, post 116) or for example, seal well during the main aperture (, main aperture 124) of pipe extend through BOP.Each is organized flashboard 127,128,129 and is equipped with containment member, and when closing flashboard 127,128,129, containment member engages so that no thoroughfare around the ring body of post 116 and/or flowing of main aperture 124.

Relative flashboard 127,128,129 is disposed in cavity, and described cavity and main body 124 intersects and neutralize and from main aperture 124, support flashboard 127,128,129 out time when flashboard 127,128,129 moves to main aperture 124.Each is organized flashboard 127,128,129 and activated and change between open position and fastening position.In open position, flashboard 127,128,129 from main aperture 124, radially extracted out and do not disturb can extend through main aperture 124 tubing string 116 or other hardware.Yet, in fastening position, flashboard 127,128,129 radially advance in main aperture 124 to block and sealing main aperture 124(for example, flashboard 127) or the ring body (for example, flashboard 128,129) of tubular column surrounding 116.Each is organized flashboard 127,128,129 and is activated and changed between open position and fastening position by a pair of actuator 126.Particularly, each actuator 126 hydraulically moves piston so that be connected to the drive rod of a flashboard 127,128,129 and move in cylinder.

Still with reference to Fig. 1, LMRP140 has main body 141, the upper end 141a that this main body 141 has and the lower end of standpipe 115 is connected, utilizes connector 150 to be fastened to releasedly the lower end 141b of upper end 123a and the through hole 142 extending between upper end 141a and lower end 141b.Through hole 142 is aimed at the main aperture 124 of BOP110 coaxially, thereby allows through hole 142 to be communicated with the fluid between main aperture 124.LMRP140 also comprises annular preventer 142a, this annular preventer 142a comprises cyclic spring potted component, this cyclic spring potted component for example mechanically radially inwardly pushes, on the pipe (, post 116, housing, drilling pipe, jumping through rings etc.) that extends through hole 142 to be sealed in or blind hole 142.Therefore, annular BOP142a has the various pipe sizes of sealing and the ability of blind hole 142 when not having pipe to extend through hole 142.

Referring now to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in this embodiment, the LMRP140 of upper end 141a comprises standpipe flexible coupling 143, and this standpipe flexible coupling 143 allows standpipe 115 with respect to BOP120 and LMRP140 deflection angularly, and hydrocarbon fluid flows to standpipe 115 from well 101, BOP120 and LMRP140.In this embodiment, flexible coupling 143 comprises: cylindrical base 144, and it is fastened to coupling hub shape thing or the axle 151 of extending from the upper end of LMRP140 rigidly; And from the upwardly extending standpipe extension of base portion 144 or adapter 145.The fluid flowing passage 146 that extends through base portion 144 and adapter 145 limits the top of through hole 142.The flexible member (not shown) being arranged in base portion 144 extends between base portion 144 and standpipe adapter 145, and sealably engage base 144 and standpipe adapter 145 both.Flexible member allows standpipe adapter 145 with respect to base portion 144, LMRP140 and BOP120 pivotable and deflection angularly.The upper end away from base portion 144 of adapter 145 comprises annular flange 145a, and this annular flange 145a is for being connected to standpipe adapter 145 at the coupling annular flange 118 of the lower end of standpipe 115 or being connected to alternative means.As illustrated best in Fig. 3, flange 145a comprises the hole 147 of a plurality of circumferentially spaceds, and receive for flange 145a being fixed to the bolt at the coupling annular flange 118 of the lower end of standpipe 115 in the hole of described a plurality of circumferentially spaceds 147.In addition, flange 145a comprises the bullport 148 of a pair of circumferentially spaced, and the diameter of each bullport 148 is all greater than the diameter in hole 147.In this embodiment, flexible coupling 143 also comprises mud boost line 149, and this mud boost line 149 has import (not shown), the outlet 149b in flange 145a being communicated with flow channel 142,146 fluids and is configured to be controlled by the mobile valve 149c of fluid of line 149.Although LMRP140 has been illustrated and has been described to comprise concrete flexible coupling 143, generally speaking, in LMRP140, can adopt suitable standpipe flexible coupling arbitrarily.

As previously mentioned, in this embodiment, BOP120 comprises three groups of flashboards (one group of shear ram 127 and two groups of tube shut-off devices 128,129), yet in other embodiments, BOP(for example, the flashboard that BOP120) can comprise varying number (for example, four groups of flashboards), dissimilar flashboard (for example, two groups of shear rams and two groups of tube shut-off devices, one or more groups relative blank ram), annular BOP(for example, annular BOP142a) or their combination.Should be understood that BOP120 is only exemplary, and seabed BOP preferably includes at least three group flashboards arbitrarily, this at least three groups flashboard comprises at least two group tube shut-off devices and at least one group of totally-enclosed shear ram.Similarly, although LMRP140 is shown as and describes as comprising an annular BOP142a, in other embodiments, LMRP(for example, the annular BOP(that LMRP140) can comprise varying number for example, two groups of annular BOP) dissimilar flashboard (for example, shear ram) or their combination.

Referring now to Fig. 4, during the surge of the formation fluid pressure in " kill-job " or well 101, one or more flashboards 127,128,129 of the annular BOP142a of BOP120 and/or LMRP140 activated conventionally with sealing in well 101.If well 101 is not sealed, it may cause such hydrocarbon fluid in the discharge in seabed potentially.System 100 after the blowout of seabed has been shown in Fig. 4.In the exemplary blowout scene shown in Fig. 4, standpipe 115 has been cut off and towards flexible coupling 143 bendings.As a result, hydrocarbon fluid process BOP120 and the LMRP140 that makes progress mobile in well 101, and be discharged near in surrounding's seawater of sea bed 103 by the aperture in standpipe 115 and breach.The hydrocarbon fluid of discharging forms the subsea hydrocarbon pinniform post 160 that extends to sea 102.The capping being described in more detail below and for arranging that the embodiment of the method for capping is designed to shutoff and closes well 101, and discharge in the seabed that hydrocarbon fluid was discharged to reduce and/or eliminated in the seabed of controlling hydrocarbon fluid.

Referring now to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, show for the previously described well 101(Fig. 4 of gland) and the shutoff heap of shutoff hydrocarbon fluid therein or cover 200 embodiment.In this embodiment, capping 200 is by modularization, means to cover 200 and is included in that seabed is arranged independently and then in seabed, is coupled together to form and cover 200 different and independently section or assembly.Particularly, capping 200 comprises three assemblies, that is, first or lower assembly 210, utilize well head type connector 150 be connected to releasedly second or upper assembly 250 of lower assembly 210 and utilize well head type connector 150 to be connected to releasedly the kill-job reflux assembly 290 of assembly 250.As being described in more detail hereinafter, assembly 210,250 plays shutoff together and closes the effect of well 101, once and assembly 290 play and be delivered to well 101 and/or well 101 by shutoff and be controlled the effect of just exploiting well 101 increasing the weight of kill-job fluid.

In this embodiment, the size of each assembly 210,250,290 and structure be suitable for self or with another assembly 210,250,290 in combination by air transport.In other words, each assembly 210,250,290 has weight and the size that is suitable for air transport.Tradition cargo aircraft has the maximum net cargo dead-weight of hundredweight (240x103 pound) such as Antonov AN124 and Boeing-747, and is sized to accommodate and has until the Breadth Maximum of approximately 21 feet and until the cargo hold of the goods of the maximum height of approximately 14 feet.In described embodiment, lower assembly 210 has the weight of approximately 70 tons (140x103 pounds) in this article, and upper assembly 250 has approximately 40 tons of (weight of 80x103 pound, and kill-job reflux assembly 290 has the weight of approximately 7.5 tons (15x103 pounds).In addition, the size of each assembly 210,250,290 is adapted so that it can have the height that is less than the width of 21 feet and is less than 14 feet.For example, although upper assembly 250 can have the height that is greater than 14 feet, its size makes it between the time of shipment, can sink and be engaged in the scope of cargo hold, then after carrying, is straightened to arrange.Therefore, any two in three assemblies 210,250,290 can be transported together by air transport in single cargo aircraft.The assembly 210,250,290 of transportation can independently not betransported in cargo aircraft together with another assembly 210,250,29.As previously mentioned, size and the structure of conventional gland heap are suitable for by air transport, because their weight surpasses deadweight cargo tonnage and/or their size of traditional cargo aircraft, can not be held by traditional cargo aircraft cargo hold.Therefore, the transportation of so conventional gland heap must complete by land and/or marine ships, and this relative position that depends on marine blowout and gland heap may be consuming time.For example, if there is seabed blowout in the Gulf of Mexico, and be positioned at the Middle East for the most of suitable gland heap of this blowout of shutoff, gland heap be transported to marine place in the Gulf of Mexico by sea, land and spend possibly a couple of days or time of several weeks even.For example, yet the embodiment of capping described herein (, gland 200) is air portable, and therefore, can be for example, with approximately several hours or a few days (, maximum one day or two days) by global transportation.As a result, embodiment described herein provides more effectively and the possibility of shutoff seabed blowout in time, thereby reduces the cumulative volume of subsea hydrocarbon discharge.

Referring now to Fig. 5-10, lower assembly 210 comprises framework 211 and is arranged in short tube tree (spool tree) or the short tube main body 221 in framework 211.Framework 211 supports other parts of short tube main body 221 and lower assembly 210.In addition, the short tube main body 221 of the lower assembly 210 of framework 211 protection and other parts are avoided impacting in conveying with during arranging.

Short tube main body 221 comprises the first tubular stub or short sections 222 and is attached to short sections 222 and from vertically extending the second tubular stub of short sections 222 or short sections 230.Short sections 222 has center or longitudinal axis 223, first or upper end 222a, second or the lower end 222b relative with end 222a, the longitudinal discharge orifice axially extending between end 222a, b or through hole 224 and the 224 horizontal discharge orifices 225 that vertically extend from hole.The upper end 222a of the first short sections 222 limits the upper end of short tube main body 221, and the lower end 222b of the first short sections 222 limits the lower end of short tube main body 221.Through hole 224 is arranged in short sections 222 coaxially.In other words, through hole 224 has the central axis consistent with axis 223.The minimum diameter of through hole 224 is equal to or greater than the internal diameter of well 101, through hole 142 and main aperture 124, and therefore, through hole 224 can be described to have " full aperture " and " full hole path (full bore access) " is provided.

The upper end 222a of short sections 222 comprises hub shape thing 150a facing up, and lower end 222b comprises prone holder 150b.Hub shape thing 150a at 222a place, upper end axially extends upward and is configured to the connector 150b coupling of prone complementation on assembly 250, engages and interlock from framework 211, thereby formation can discharge well head type hydraulic actuation mechanical fastener 150 between assembly 210,250.As will hereinafter be described in more detail, at the holder 150b at 222b place, lower end, be configured to mate, engage and interlock with the complementary hub shape thing 150a facing up changing on short tube 330,120 or well head 130, thereby between lower assembly 210 and flexible coupling adapter 145, BOP120 or well head 130, form and can discharge well head type hydraulic actuation mechanical fastener 150 respectively.

Still with reference to Fig. 6-10, the second short sections 230 from the first short sections 222 vertically extend and there is center or longitudinal axis 231, first or the radial inner end 230a(that are fastened to short sections 222 be for axis 223), relative with end 230a and away from second or radial outer end 230b(of short sections 222 for axis 223) and between end 230a, b axially horizontal discharge orifice or the through hole 232 of (for axis 231) extension.Through hole 232 is arranged in short sections 230 coaxially, and therefore, through hole 232 has the central axis consistent with axis 231.

Through hole 232 is aimed at coaxially lateral aperture 225 and is connected with lateral aperture 225.Therefore, through hole 232 is communicated with hole 225 fluids.Hole 225,232 is limited to horizontal branch or the stream the short tube main body 221 of vertically extending from vertical main aperture 224 together.As illustrated best in Figure 10, the first short sections 222 comprises the valve 233 of 225 location along hole, and the second short sections 230 comprises along the valve 233 of through hole 232 location.Valve 233 is controlled fluid flowing by hole 225,232.That is, each valve 233 all has the fastening position that allows open position that fluid flows through and restriction and/or stop fluid to be flowed through.Valve 233 225,232 is in series located along hole.Therefore, if close one or two valve 233, limit and/or stop the fluid hole 225,232 of flowing through, and if open two valves 233, allowing the fluid hole 225,232 of flowing through.Generally speaking, each valve 233 all can comprise the valve that is suitable for the fluid pressure of the expection in hole 232 and any type of fluid, includes but not limited to ball valve, gate valve and butterfly valve.In addition, each valve 233 can be valve manual activation, hydraulic actuation, mechanically actuated or electric actuation.In this embodiment, each valve 233 is all that rated differential head is the hydraulic actuation gate valve of 15kpsi.Can utilize ROV to control and hydraulic actuation each valve 233 in seabed.Alternatively, can utilize from the water surface extends and the plate on assembly 210 is connected to valve 233 through being positioned at hydraulic pressure streamline or unsettled lead-in wire and control each valve 233 from the water surface.

Lower assembly 210 also comprises the choke valve 234 being positioned between fluid line 235 and short sections 230.Fluid line 235 have be connected to the first end 235a of choke valve 234, away from the second end 235b of choke valve 234 and the discharge orifice 236 that extends between end 235a, b.

End

230b, 235a are connected to choke valve 234, and hole 232,236 is communicated with choke valve 234 fluids.Therefore, choke valve 234 is controlled the flow rate of fluid between hole 232,236.Generally speaking, choke valve 234 can comprise for being adjusted in any suitable restriction choke or the choke valve of the speed of fluid mobile between hole 232,236.In this embodiment, choke valve 234 is that the Willis CC40 with SLCA hydraulic pressure step actuator ability (non-functional) or mechanical stepping ability controls restriction choke, and dynamic torque tool can obtain from the Cameron International Corporation of Houston, Texas.Choke valve 234 has the interchangeable insert that can be disassembled and replace in seabed.

The second end 235b of fluid line 235 comprises hub shape thing 239 facing up, and this hub shape thing 239a is facing up configured to formation between them, can to discharge streamline with prone connector coupling, joint and the interlocking of streamline and is connected.Therefore, in the situation that each valve 233 is opened, fluid in through hole 224 is freely flowed through hole 225,232, choke valve 234 and hole 236 to the hub shape thing 239a that is positioned at end 235b place, wherein, fluid can be discharged in seawater around or flow in another device being connected with the hub shape thing 239a that holds 235b place.For example, as will hereinafter be described in more detail, when lower assembly 210 is connected to well 101 and opens each valve 233, from the hydro carbons of well 101 discharge, can be from hole 224 flow through hole 225,232, choke valve 234 and hole 236 to the hub shape thing 239a that is positioned at end 235b, wherein, hydro carbons can be discharged in seawater around or be mined to another device being connected with hub shape thing 239a at end 235b place.Alternatively, in the situation that each valve 233 is opened, fluid can be supplied and/or be pumped into hole 224 by hole 236, choke valve 234 and hole 232,225 from the device being connected with hub shape thing 239a.For example, as will hereinafter be described in more detail, when lower assembly 210 is connected to well 101, chemicals or increase the weight of kill-job fluid and can be supplied and/or be pumped into hole 224 by hole 236, choke valve 234 and hole 232,225 from the device being connected with hub shape thing 239a.

As illustrated best in Figure 10, in hole, 225 axial above and below provides towards the passage of through hole 224 respectively for the first toroid 237 and the second toroid 238.Particularly, the first toroid 237 has first or the radial inner end 237a that are communicated with through hole 224 fluids and second or the radial outer end 237b that extend to the external surface of short sections 222; And the second toroid 238 has first or the radial inner end 238a being communicated with through hole 224 fluids and extends to second or radial outer end 238b of the external surface of short sections 222.End 237a is axially positioned at 225 tops, hole, and end 238a is positioned at the axial below in hole 225.As required,

end

237b, 238b can be by ROV or other device access.In this embodiment, as previously described, a valve 233 is positioned at respectively between end 237a, b and end 238a, b along each streamline 237,238.Once well 101, by shutoff and controlled, can adopt line 237,238 to exploit well 101.

Still with reference to Figure 10, in this embodiment, lower assembly 210 also comprises chemicals injected system 240 and fluid inspection or sensing system 226.For object clearly, not shown chemicals injected system 240 and fluid inspection system 226 in Fig. 6-9.Chemicals injected system 240 comprises the first streamline 241 for chemicals being injected into hole 232, for chemicals being injected into above hole 225 to second streamline 242 in hole 224 and for chemicals being injected into the 3rd streamline 243 in hole 224 above the second streamline 242.The common inlet end place that the upstream extremity of streamline 241,242,243 is inserted holder 248 in dual-port ROV heat converges.Chemicals such as methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol can be supplied and/or pumping by streamline 241,242,243 through import holder 248.

Each streamline 241,242,243 comprises for controlling by the mobile main valve 245 of the chemicals of this concrete streamline 241,242,243.That is, each valve 245 has the fastening position that allows open position that fluid flows through and restriction and/or stop fluid to be flowed through.Therefore, if the corresponding valve 245 of concrete streamline 241,242,243 is closed, the fluid by this concrete streamline 241,242,243 flows and is limited and/or stops, and if the corresponding valve 245 of concrete streamline 241,242,243 is opened, allow to flow by the fluid of this concrete streamline 241,242,243.Generally speaking, each valve 245 can comprise the valve of any type of the expection fluid pressure that is suitable in streamline 241,242,243 and fluid, includes but not limited to ball valve, gate valve and butterfly valve.In addition, each valve 245 can be valve manual activation, hydraulic actuation, mechanically actuated or electric actuation.In this embodiment, each valve 245 is that rated differential head is the hydraulic actuation gate valve of 15kpsi.Can utilize ROV to control and hydraulic actuation each valve 245 in seabed.In addition, in this embodiment, the valve 245 on each streamline 242,243 comprises the flap valve allowing from import holder 248 224 one-way fluids connections to hole.Valve 245 on streamline 241 does not comprise flap valve, makes can carry out the pressure test in hole 232 and sampling.Each streamline 242,243 also comprises the pressure meter 246 being positioned between valve 245 and its import holder 248.Table 246 is measured the fluid pressure in streamline 242,243.Auxiliary valve 247 is positioned between table 246 and import holder 248 along streamline 242,243, and additional auxiliary valve 247 is positioned at import holder 248 places.Auxiliary valve 247 is for providing supplementary means for controlling the flow through valve 245 of streamline 241,242,243 of fluid.Generally speaking, each valve 247 can comprise the valve of any type of the expection fluid pressure that is suitable in streamline 241,242,243 and fluid, includes but not limited to ball valve, gate valve and butterfly valve.In addition, each valve 247 can be valve manual activation, hydraulic actuation, mechanically actuated or electric actuation.In this embodiment, each valve 247 is that rated differential head is the manual needle valve of 15kpsi.Can utilize ROV to carry out manual operation to each valve 247 in seabed.Alternatively, can utilize from the water surface extends and the plate on assembly 210 is connected to valve 247 through being positioned at hydraulic pressure streamline or unsettled lead-in wire and hydraulically control each valve 247 from the water surface.

Still with reference to Figure 10, fluid inspection system 226 comprises the electron pressure transducer 227 of locating along through hole 224 and the electron temperature transducer 228 of locating along through hole 224.Transducer 227,228 measure respectively and monitoring holes 224 in the pressure and temperature of fluid.Each transducer 227,228 is electrically coupled to electric connector 229, and this electric connector 229 is configured to observed temperature and the pressure data from transducer 227,228 to be respectively transferred to respectively seabed ROV or other device being connected with coupling 229.

Referring now to Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Figure 11-14, upper assembly 250 comprises framework 251 and is arranged in tubular stub or the short sections 260 in framework 251.Framework 251 supports the remaining part of short sections 260 and upper assembly 250.In addition, the short sections 260 of the upper assembly 250 of framework 251 protection and remaining part are avoided impacting in conveying with during arranging.The top of framework 251 comprises the smooth mat piece 252 for kill-job reflux assembly 290 land.

Short sections 260 has center or longitudinal axis 261, first or upper end 260a, second or the lower end 260b relative with end 260a and discharge orifice or the through hole 262 axially extending between end 260a, b.Discharge orifice is arranged in short sections 260 coaxially.In other words, discharge orifice 262 has the central axis consistent with axis 261.In this embodiment, short sections 260 is oriented axis 261 and discharge orifice 262 is vertically extended.In addition, in this embodiment, the minimum diameter of discharge orifice 262 is less than the minimum diameter of through hole 224 and well 101.

The upper end 260a of short sections 260 comprises hub shape thing 150a facing up, and lower end 260b comprises prone holder 150b.Hub shape thing 150a at 260a place, upper end axially extends upward and is configured to from mat piece 252 to mate, engage and interlock with the complementary prone connector 150b assembly 290, thereby forms and can discharge well head type hydraulic actuation mechanical fastener 150 between assembly 210,250.In addition, holder 150b at 260b place, lower end is configured to the complementary hub shape thing 150a coupling facing up at 222a place, upper end in short sections 221, engages and interlock, thereby formation can discharge well head type hydraulic actuation mechanical fastener 150 between assembly 210,250.

As illustrated best in Figure 12-14, short sections 260 also comprises all along discharge orifice 262 and is positioned at first or lower valve between end 260a, b 263, second or upper valve 263 and discharge orifice channel component 265.More specifically, second valve 263 axially separates above the first valve 263, and channel component 265 is axially positioned between valve 263.Flowing of fluid in valve 263 control holes 262.That is, each valve 263 has the fastening position that allows open position that fluid flows through and restriction and/or stop fluid to be flowed through.Valve 263 is in series positioned along discharge orifice 262.Therefore, if close one or two valve 263, limit and/or stop the fluid hole 262 of flowing through, and if open two valves 263, allowing the fluid hole 262 of flowing through.Generally speaking, each valve 263 can comprise the valve of any type of the expection fluid pressure that is suitable in hole 262 and fluid, includes but not limited to ball valve, gate valve and butterfly valve.In addition, each valve 263 can be valve manual activation, hydraulic actuation, mechanically actuated or electric actuation.In this embodiment, each valve 263 is that rated differential head is the hydraulic actuation gate valve of 15kpsi.Can utilize ROV to control and hydraulic actuation each valve 263 in seabed.As hereinafter described in more detail, discharge orifice channel component 265 makes it possible to approach discharge orifice 262.

Referring now to Figure 14, in this embodiment, upper assembly 250 also comprises chemicals injected system 270 and fluid inspection or sensing system 280.For object clearly, not shown chemicals injected system 270 and fluid inspection system 280 in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Figure 11-13.Chemicals injected system 270 comprises can be used to that chemicals is injected into supply line 271 in hole 262 and for receiving the return wire 272 from the fluid in hole 262.Supply line 271 has the entrance point 271a that is communicated with hole 262 fluids through channel component 265 and second or port of export 271b.Return wire 272 has and first or the entrance point 272a that through channel component 265, are communicated with hole 262 fluids and second or port of export 272b.Entrance point 271a and port of export 272b are connected in dual-port ROV heat and insert the separate port on holder 248.Chemicals such as methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol can be supplied and/or be pumped in hole 262 by supply line 271, and the fluid in hole 262 can be acquired through return wire 272.As will hereinafter be described in more detail, supply line 271 and return wire 272 also can be used to obtain wellbore fluid sample, for pressure and/or temperature survey and monitoring.

Each comprises a pair of valve 273 of in series arranging streamline 271,272, for the chemicals of controlling by this concrete streamline 271,272, flows.That is, each valve 273 all has the fastening position that allows open position that fluid flows through and restriction and/or stop fluid to be flowed through.Therefore, if one or two in the valve 273 of concrete streamline 271,272 all closed, the fluid by this concrete streamline 271,272 flows and is limited and/or stops, and if the valve 273 of both correspondences of concrete streamline 271,272 is all opened, allow to flow by the fluid of this concrete streamline 271,272.Generally speaking, each valve 273 can comprise the valve of any type of the expection fluid pressure that is suitable in streamline 271,272 and fluid, includes but not limited to ball valve, gate valve and butterfly valve.In addition, each valve 273 can be valve manual activation, hydraulic actuation, mechanically actuated or electric actuation.In this embodiment, each valve 273 is that specified difference is the manual needle valve of 15kpsi.Can utilize ROV to carry out manual operation to each valve 273 in seabed.In this embodiment, return wire 272 comprises the pressure meter 246 being positioned between valve 273 and channel component 265.Table 246 is measured the fluid pressure in return wire 272.

Still with reference to Figure 14, fluid inspection system 280 comprises hole fluid supplies 281, hole fluid return wire 282 and sensor unit or assembly 285.Streamline 281 has the entrance point 281a being communicated with discharge orifice 262 fluids through channel component 265 and comprises the port of export 281b of coupling 283.Streamline 282 has and comprises the entrance point 282a of coupling 283 and the port of export 282b being communicated with discharge orifice 262 fluids through channel component 265.Each streamline 281,282 includes as described earlier for controlling by the mobile valve 247 of the fluid of this concrete streamline 281,282.Sensor unit 285 comprises fluid flow line 286, the pressure sensor 287 of arranging along line 286, the temperature pick up 288 of arranging along line 286 and the data link 289 that is connected to sensor 287,288.Streamline 286 has entrance point 286a and port of export 286b, and this entrance point 286a comprises the coupling 284 that the coupling 283 with line 281 is connected releasedly, and this port of export 286b comprises the coupling 284 that the coupling 283 with line 282 is connected releasedly.Therefore, streamline 281,282,286 forms hole fluidic circuits, and the line 281,286 and 282 of flowing through of the fluid in discharge orifice 262 is got back in discharge orifice 262.Sensor 287,288 is measured respectively the pressure and temperature of the hole fluid of the streamline 286 of flowing through.The pressure and temperature data of measuring are transferred into transmitter 289, and then this transmitter 289 transfers to the water surface again by the pressure and temperature data wireless ground of measurement.Transmitter 289 can be uploaded pressurization pressure and temperature data termly or on real-time basis.Generally speaking, transmitter 289 can be for data are transferred to any appropriate device of the water surface from sub sea location.In this embodiment, transmitter 289 is voice data record instrument.As mentioned above, sensor unit 285 is connected to line 281,282 releasedly through connector 283,284.Therefore, as required, can removal sensor assembly 285 or be connected to channel component 265.Can with one or more ROV, sensor unit 285 be connected to line 281,282 and sensor unit 285 be disconnected from line 281,282.

In this embodiment, system 270,280 is utilized independently supply line and return wire.That is, system 270 comprises supply line 271 and return wire 272, and system 280 comprises supply line 281 and return wire 282.Yet, in other embodiments, supply line and return wire that fluid inspection system (for example, system 280) can be for example, with chemicals injected system (, system 270) identical.For example, sensor unit 285 can be configured to be inserted into heat and insert in holder 248, through supply line 271, receives wellbore fluid and wellbore fluid is refluxed through return wire 272.In other words, end 286a, the b of streamline 286 can be constructed to be connected to the port in the hot socket, connector of holder 248, and entrance point 286a is communicated with supply line 271 fluids, and port of export 286b is communicated with return wire 272 fluids.

Referring now to Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Figure 15 and Figure 16, kill-job reflux assembly 290 comprises framework 291 and extends through tubular stub or the short sections 292 of framework 291.Framework 291 supports the remaining part of short sections 292 and assembly 290.In addition, the short sections 292 of framework 291 protection assemblies 290 and remaining part are avoided impacting.The lower end of framework 291 comprises that annular funnel or guide portion 293 are to promote assembly 290 to land to upper assembly 250.

Short sections 292 has center or longitudinal axis 294, first or upper end 292a, second or the lower end 292b relative with end 292a and discharge orifice or the through hole 295 axially extending between end 292a, b.Discharge orifice 295 is arranged in short sections 292 coaxially.In other words, discharge orifice 295 has the central axis consistent with axis 294.In this embodiment, short sections 292 is oriented axis 294 and discharge orifice 295 is vertically extended.In this embodiment, discharge orifice 295 has the internal diameter identical with the internal diameter of discharge orifice 262.

The upper end 222a of short sections 222 upwards axially extends and comprises flange 296 facing up from framework 291, and lower end 292b comprises prone holder 150b.Flange 296 be configured to by increase the weight of kill-job fluid be supplied to cover 200 and/or prone flange from the stream pipe of well 101 exploration of hydrocarbons match, engage and connect.In this embodiment, two exemplary catheter 298,299 are shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16.Holder 150b at 292b place, lower end is configured to the hub shape thing 150a coupling facing up at 260a place, upper end in short sections 260, engages and interlock, thereby formation can discharge well head type hydraulic actuation mechanical fastener 150 between assembly 250,290.

Referring again to Fig. 6, upper assembly 250 utilizes well head type connector 150 to be connected to releasedly lower assembly 210, and kill-job reflux assembly 290 utilizes well head type connector 150 to be connected to releasedly assembly.When installation cover 200 as shown in Figure 6, discharge orifice 224,262,295 is aimed at coaxially, and discharge orifice 224 is communicated with discharge orifice 262 fluids, and as long as two valves 263 in discharge orifice 262 are opened, discharge orifice 295 is just communicated with discharge orifice 224,262 fluids.Therefore,, in the situation that valve 263 is opened, fluid Free-flow is through the hole 224,262,295 between end 222b, 292a.Therefore, when lid 200 is connected to subsea wellheads 130, BOP120 or LMRP140, valve 263 is opened, and whole access opening 224 is communicated with well 101 fluids, increasing the weight of kill-job fluid can be pumped in well 101 through

pipeline

298 or 299 in kill-job operating period, or alternately, the hydro carbons flowing out from well 101 can be through

pipeline

298 or 299 exploitations.

In this embodiment, capping 200 is designed to be disposed in seabed and lands in the standpipe flexible coupling 143 of LMRP140, in the axle 151 of LMRP140, on BOP120 or on well head 130, and this depends on which is optimal landing position.For example, in Figure 20 L, cover 200 and be shown as and be arranged on previously described seabed BOP120; In Figure 21, cover 200 and be shown as and be arranged in previously described subsea wellheads 130; And in Figure 30 P, cover 200 and be shown as in the flexible coupling 143 that is arranged on previously described LMRP140.With landing/erecting bed independently, in this embodiment, previously described modularization lid 200 is installed stage by stage, first lower assembly 210 is arranged in to seabed and (is for example arranged on selected landing position, LMRP140, axle 151, flexible coupling 143, well head 130, BOP120) on, then, upper assembly 250 be arranged in to seabed and be installed on lower assembly 210, then kill-job reflux assembly 290 be arranged in to seabed and be installed on upper assembly 250.

With reference to Figure 17 and Figure 18, in this embodiment, utilize the instrument that is lowered to 215 being connected releasedly with the hub shape thing 150a that is positioned at the 222a place, upper end of short sections 222 that lower assembly 210 is declined and handled in seabed briefly.As illustrated best in Figure 18, be lowered to instrument 215 have first or upper end 215a and with reverse second or the lower end 215b of end 215a.Lower end 215b comprises the prone holder 150b engaging releasedly with the hub shape thing 150a that is positioned at 222a place, upper end.The upper end 215a that is lowered to instrument 215 can be connected to releasedly and make it possible to utilize tubing string or drill string cloth to deposit the first adapter 216 of assembly 210, or is connected to and makes it possible to the second adapter 217 that on wirerope cloth deposits assembly 210.Therefore, can use the first adapter 216 and be lowered to instrument 215 by tubing string, or use the second adapter 217 and be lowered to instrument 215 by wirerope, will be lowered to instrument 215 and be arranged into seabed from above water craft.As shown in Figure 19, utilize and be connected to the wirerope of framework 251 and utilize around the many lead-in wires 253 of arranging around mat piece 252, upper assembly 250 is lowered by and handles in seabed.Utilize wirerope in the mode same with upper assembly 250, kill-job reflux assembly 290 is lowered by and handles in seabed.In other embodiments, can upper assembly 250 and/or kill-job reflux assembly 290 be declined through tubing string, flexible pipe or pipe crimping.

Referring now to Figure 20 A-20L, capping 200 is shown in seabed and is arranged and is arranged on BOP120 above to cut out and/or to exploit well 101.More specifically, in Figure 20 A-20D, lower assembly 210 is shown as and drops to seabed and be connected to BOP120; In Figure 20 E-20H, upper assembly 250 is shown as and drops to seabed and be connected to lower assembly 210; With in Figure 20 I-20L, kill-job reflux assembly 290 is shown as and drops to seabed and be connected to assembly 250.

About the seabed of capping 200, arrange and install, preferably adopt one or more remote operated vehicles (ROV) to assist the location to assembly 210,250,290, monitoring assembly 210,250,290 and BOP120, and operating assembly 210,250,290(are for example, activated valve 233,263, operating chemical agent injected system etc.).In this embodiment, utilize three ROV170 to come assembly 210,250,290 location, monitoring assembly 210,250,290 and BOP120, and operating assembly 210,250,290.Each ROV170 comprise there is the arm 171 of pawl 172, for example, for (observing seabed operation, the relative position of assembly 210,250,290, BOP120, pinniform post 160, the position of arm 170 and pawl 172 and mobile etc.) bottom photography machine 173 and umbilical cord 174.From the stream video of camera 173 and/or image, through umbilical cord 174, be transferred into the water surface or other distant positions to observe in real-time or regular basis.Arm 171 and pawl 172 are through being sent to the order of ROV170 and being controlled through umbilical cord 174 from the water surface or other distant positions.

Before lid 200 is connected to BOP120, by disconnecting the connector 150 between BOP120 and LMRP140, then utilize wirerope, tubing string, one or more ROV170 or their combination that LMRP140 is promoted from BOP120, so that LMRP140 is removed from BOP120.In addition any pipe fitting or the fragmentation that from the upper end 123a of BOP120, extend, are cut off into roughly concordant with the upper end 123a with one or more ROV170.

First with reference to Figure 20 A, in this embodiment, lower assembly 210 is shown as and utilizes the tubing string 180 that is fastened to the upper end of adapter 216 and extends to above water craft controllably to drop to seabed.Preferably adopt the derrick or other the suitable device that are installed to above water craft to carry out the lower assembly 210 on support column 180.Although adopt in this embodiment post 180 to launch lower assembly 210, in other embodiments, lower assembly 210 can be arranged on the wirerope in seabed.Utilize post 180, lower assembly 210 under its Gravitative Loads from be positioned at well 101 and BOP120 roughly above and the position that is laterally offset of relative well 101 and BOP120 drop to seabed.More specifically, during arranging, lower assembly 210 is preferably maintained at the outside of the pinniform post 160 of the hydrocarbon fluid sending with respect to well 101.Make lower assembly 210 decline and can trigger the formation of the less desirable hydrate in lower assembly 210 in pinniform post 160 in seabed, particularly at the relatively low height above sea level place of hydro carbons temperature in pinniform post 160 wherein above sea bed 103 roughly.

Move to now Figure 20 B, make lower assembly 210 from BOP120 lateral shift ground and decline in pinniform post 160 outsides, until lower end 222b is positioned at the summary top of BOP120.Along with assembly 210 declines and approaches BOP120, ROV170 monitoring assembly 210 is with respect to the position of BOP120.Then,, as shown in Figure 20 C, make assembly 210 laterally move into place directly over BOP120 and roughly aim at coaxially the position of BOP120.One or more ROV170 can utilize their pawl 172 and framework 211 to guide and handle assembly 210 with respect to the position of BOP120.Due to its deadweight, assembly 210 is roughly vertical, and BOP120 can be orientated with minute angle with respect to vertical curve.Therefore, need to understand, the accurate coaxial alignment of BOP120 and assembly 210 may be difficult.Yet, when assembly 210 is declined from the position directly over BOP120, even if initial assembly 210 and slightly dislocation of BOP120, also promoted the coaxial alignment of assembly 210 and BOP120 and connected with the coupling profile of the holder 150b at 222b place, lower end at assembly 210 at the hub shape thing 150a at 123a place, the upper end of BOP120.

Move to now Figure 20 D, in the situation that the holder 150b at the 222b place, lower end of assembly 210 be positioned at BOP120 123a place, upper end hub shape thing 150a directly over and roughly aim at coaxially this hub shape thing 150a, post 180 axially declines assembly 210 downwards.Due to the weight of assembly 210, the compressive load between assembly 210 and BOP120 is pushed to the positive type hub shape thing 150a at 123a place, upper end in the cloudy type holder 150b at 222b place, lower end.Once make hub shape thing 150a be placed in fully in holder 150b to form well head type connector 150, connector 150 is hydraulically actuated that assembly 210 is connected to BOP120 securely, as shown in FIG. 20 D.

Due to assembly 210 be positioned at BOP120 directly over, so flow freely without restriction through hole 224 from the hydro carbons of BOP120.In addition, at assembly 210, before laterally mobile above BOP120, the valve 233 in line 237,238 cuts out, and the valve 233 in hole 225,232 is opened to allow the hydrocarbon fluid of being discharged by BOP120 flow through hole 232, restriction choke 234 and hole 236.Before arranging, at the water surface 102 places, can be by the valve 233(in hole 225,232 or in seabed, through one or more ROV170) be converted to open position, and by the valve 233(in line 237,238 or in seabed, through one or more ROV170) be converted to fastening position.Therefore, along with assembly 210 laterally moves and drops to BOP120 above BOP120, engage, the hydrocarbon fluid of discharge freely flows through hole 224,225,232,236.As a result, the valve 233 of opening provides and has reduced the possibility to the resistance of the connection of the axial insertion in holder 150b and lower assembly 210 to BOP120 to hub shape thing 150a.In other words, the valve 233 of opening in hole 225,232 allows to discharge well pressure between the installation period of lower assembly 210.Utilize the fixed connecting piece of the sealing between lower assembly 210 and BOP120, ROV170 will be lowered to instrument 215 and disconnect from lower assembly 210.Then, can utilize tubing string 180 will be lowered to instrument 215 and adapter 216 moves to the water surface.

Referring now to Figure 20 E, in the situation that lower assembly 210 is connected to BOP120 securely, lower assembly 210 is arranged and be connected to upper assembly 250.In this embodiment, upper assembly 250 is shown as to utilize from above water craft and extends and the wirerope 181 with the lower end that is fastened to lead-in wire 253 controllably drops to seabed.Due to the weight of assembly 250, wirerope 181 preferably can bear the relative strong hawser (for example, steel cable) of the tensile load of expection with lead-in wire 253.Preferably adopt the winch or the crane that are installed to above water craft to support the assembly 250 on wirerope 181 and make assembly 250 declines.Although adopt in this embodiment wirerope 181 and lead-in wire 253 that assembly 250 is declined, in other embodiments, assembly 250 can be disposed on the tubing string in seabed.Use wirerope 181, assembly 250 under its Gravitative Loads from be positioned at well 101, BOP120, assembly 210 roughly above and laterally position skew and that be positioned at pinniform post 160 outsides drop to seabed, the possibility forming with the hydrate being reduced in assembly 250.

Move to now Figure 20 F, assembly 250 is declined, until lower end 260b is positioned at the summary top of lower assembly 210 with respect to lower assembly 210 lateral shifts ground and in the outside of pinniform post 160.Along with upper assembly 250 declines and approaches lower assembly 210, in ROV170 monitoring, assembly 250 is with respect to the position of lower assembly 210.Then,, as shown in Figure 20 G, make assembly 250 laterally move to the position of assembly 210 directly over BOP120 and under roughly aiming at coaxially.One or more ROV170 can utilize their pawl 172 and framework 251 to guide and handle assembly 250 with respect to the position of lower assembly 210.Due to its deadweight, assembly 250 is roughly vertical, and if slightly inclination of BOP120 plays assembly 210 to be orientated with minute angle with respect to vertical curve.Therefore, need to understand, the perfect coaxial alignment of assembly 210,250 may be difficult.Yet, when assembly 210 is declined from the position directly over BOP120, even if upper assembly 210 is initial and the slightly dislocation of lower assembly 210, at the hub shape thing 150a at 222a place, the upper end of short sections 222, has also promoted the coaxial alignment of assembly 210,250 and connected with the coupling profile of the holder 150b at 222b place, lower end at assembly 250.

Move to now Figure 20 H, in the situation that the holder 150b at 260b place, lower end be positioned at 222a place, upper end hub shape thing 150a directly over and roughly aim at coaxially this hub shape thing 150a, wirerope 181 axially declines assembly 250 downwards.Due to the weight of assembly 210, the compressive load between upper assembly 250 and lower assembly 210 is pushed to the positive type hub shape thing 150a at 222a place, upper end in the cloudy type holder 150b at 260b place, lower end.Once make hub shape thing 150a be placed in fully in holder 150b to form well head type connector 150, connector 150 is hydraulically actuated so that upper assembly 250 is connected to lower assembly 210 securely, as shown in Figure 20 H.Utilize the fixed connecting piece of the sealing between lower assembly 210 and upper assembly 250, ROV170 will go between 253 from upper assembly 250 disconnections.Then, can utilize wirerope 181 that lead-in wire 253 is moved to the water surface.

By upper assembly 250 before laterally mobile above lower assembly 210 and BOP120, valve 263 is converted to open position, the hydrocarbon fluid that also allows to be discharged by BOP120 and lower assembly 210 hole 262 of flowing through.Before arranging, at the water surface 102 places, valve 263 can be converted to open position, or carry out through one or more ROV170 in seabed.Therefore, along with laterally moving and drop to lower assembly 210 above lower assembly 210, upper assembly 250 engages the hydrocarbon fluid of the discharge hole 262 of freely flowing through.As a result, the valve 263 of opening provides and reduces the possibility to the axial insertion in holder 150b and upper assembly 250 to the opposing of the connection of lower assembly 210 to hub shape thing 150a.In other words, the valve 263 of opening allows to discharge well pressure between the installation period of upper assembly 250.The hole 224,262 that should also be clear that alignment can reenter BOP120 and well 101.

Referring now to Figure 20 I, in the situation that upper assembly 250 is connected to lower assembly 210 securely, kill-job reflux assembly 290 is arranged and is connected to assembly 250.Assembly 290 is to be arranged with the roughly the same mode of upper assembly 250.Particularly, in this embodiment, kill-job reflux assembly 290 is shown as to utilize to extend and have by many lead-in wire 253 wireropes 181 that are connected to the lower end of framework 291 from above water craft and controllably drops to seabed.Due to the weight of assembly 290, wirerope 181 preferably can bear the relative strong hawser (for example, steel cable) of the tensile load of expection with lead-in wire 253.Preferably adopt the winch or the crane that are installed to above water craft to support the assembly 290 on wirerope 181 and make assembly 290 declines.Although adopt in this embodiment wirerope 181 and lead-in wire 253 that assembly 290 is declined, in other embodiments, assembly 290 can be disposed on the tubing string in seabed.Use wirerope 181, assembly 290 under its deadweight from be positioned at well 101, BOP120, assembly 210, on assembly 250 roughly above and laterally skew and in the position in the outside of pinniform post 160, drop to seabed, the possibility forming with the hydrate being reduced in assembly 290.

Move to now Figure 20 J, make assembly 290 with respect to upper assembly 250 lateral shift ground and decline in pinniform post 160 outsides, until lower end 292b is positioned at slightly top of lower assembly 250.Along with assembly 290 declines and approaches upper assembly 250, ROV170 monitoring assembly 290 is with respect to the position of upper assembly 250.Then,, as shown in Figure 20 K, make assembly 290 laterally move to the position of assembly 250 directly over upper assembly 250 and on roughly aiming at coaxially.One or more ROV170 can utilize their pawl 172 and framework 251 to guide and handle assembly 290 with respect to the position of upper assembly 250.Due to its deadweight, assembly 290 is roughly vertical, and if BOP120 slightly tilts, going up assembly 250 can be oriented with minute angle with respect to vertical curve.Therefore, need to understand, the perfect coaxial alignment of assembly 250,290 may be difficult.Yet, make assembly 290 from position directly over assembly 250 while declining, even if assembly 290 is initial and the slightly dislocation of upper assembly 250, at the hub shape thing 150a at 260a place, the upper end of short sections 260, also promotes the coaxial alignment of assembly 250,290 and connect with the coupling profile of the holder 150b at 292b place, lower end in short sections 292.

Move to now Figure 20 L, in the situation that the holder 150b at 292b place, lower end be positioned at 260a place, upper end hub shape thing 150a directly over and roughly aim at coaxially this hub shape thing 150a, wirerope 181 axially declines assembly 290 downwards.Due to the weight of assembly 290, the compressive load between assembly 290 and upper assembly 260 is pushed to the positive type hub shape thing 150a at 260a place, upper end in the cloudy type holder 150b at 292b place, lower end.Once make hub shape thing 150a be placed in fully in holder 150b to form well head type connector 150, connector 150 is hydraulically actuated kill-job reflux assembly 290 is connected to securely to upper assembly 250, as shown in Figure 20 L.The fixed connecting piece of the sealing in utilization between assembly 250 and kill-job reflux assembly 290, ROV170 will go between 253 from assembly 290 disconnections.Then, can utilize wirerope 181 that lead-in wire 253 is moved to the water surface.

By assembly 290 before laterally mobile above upper assembly 250 and BOP120, maintain discharge orifice 295 and open to allow the hydrocarbon fluid of being discharged by BOP120 and assembly 210,250 hole 295 of flowing through.Therefore, along with laterally moving and drop to upper assembly 250 above upper assembly 250, kill-job reflux assembly 290 engages, the hydrocarbon fluid of the discharging hole 295 of freely flowing through, reduces the possibility to the axial insertion of holder 150b and assembly 290 to the opposing of the connection of upper assembly 250 to hub shape thing 150a thereby provide.In other words, the discharge orifice 295 of opening allows to discharge well pressure between the installation period of kill-job reflux assembly 290.Once assembly 290 is connected to upper assembly 250 securely, the upper end 292a(that pipeline 298,299 just can be coupled to short sections 292 increases the weight of kill-job fluid or exploitation well 101 with supply).

In described mode, cover 200 and be arranged and be installed on BOP120.Yet, as illustrated best in Figure 21, cover 200 and also can be directly mounted on well head 130.Assembly 210,250,290 is disposed in seabed and to link together with previous described identical mode, except lower assembly 210 is connected to well head 130 securely.Particularly, the prone holder 150b at 222b place, lower end is connected to the holder 150a facing up of well head 130, thereby forms connector 150 between lower assembly 210 and well head 130.Before lower assembly 210 is connected to well head 130, by the connector 150 disconnecting between BOP120 and LMRP140, LMRP140 and BOP120 are removed from well head 130, from BOP120, promote LMRP140, then disconnect the connector 150 between BOP120 and well head 130 and promote BOP120 from well head 130.In addition any pipe fitting extending from well head 130, or fragment are cut off into roughly concordant with the upper end of well head hub shape thing 150a with one or more ROV170.

Referring now to Fig. 6 and Figure 20 L, after the installation of capping 200, hydro carbons is freely flowed through and is covered 200.For shutoff with close well 101, the valve 233 in hole 225,232 and the valve 263 in hole 262 are handled by seabed ROV170.If utilize the closing assisted well 101 of kill-job fluid, preferably before starting bolt down procedure, kill-job reflux assembly 290(is installed, make to increase the weight of kill-job fluid can through pipeline 298 be provided to cover 200 and well 101).Yet, if do not utilize kill-job fluid to carry out closing assisted well 101, can before the installation of kill-job reflux assembly 290, start bolt down procedure.

In order to close well 101, the valve 233 in streamline 237,238 is all closed, and the valve 233 maintaining in hole 225,232 all stays open, and upper valve 263 converts to and cuts out.Due to upper valve 263 converted to, close, the wellbore fluid pressure in lower assembly 210 is monitored by pressure transducer 227, and the wellbore fluid pressure in upper assembly 250 is monitored by pressure sensor 287.As long as the formation fluid pressure in assembly 210,250 is in the restriction of allowing, upper valve 263 just continues to keep closed condition until it is closed completely.Once upper valve 263 is closed, lower valve 263 also can cut out to provide redundancy fully.In the situation that two valves 263 cut out, the fluid by hole 262 flows and is limited and/or is prevented from, yet, because the valve 233 in hole 225,232 is opened, hole 224,225,232,236 and choke valve 234 so formation fluid is freely flowed through.Then, the valve in hole 232 233 is converted into and cuts out.Because valve 233 is converted into, close, the wellbore fluid pressure in lower assembly 210 monitored by pressure transducer 227.As long as the formation fluid pressure in assembly 210 is in the restriction of allowing, the valve 233 in hole 232 just continues to keep closed condition until it is closed completely.Once the valve 233 in hole 232 is closed, the valve 233 in hole 225 also can cut out to provide redundancy fully.In the situation that each valve 233,263 cuts out, well 101 is by shutoff and close.Should understand, to closing through the permission " soft " of closing stage by stage of the orderly close-down of valve 233,263 comprising with well 101 of choke valve 234, thereby provide, reduce the possible possibility that unexpected strata pressure increases sharply, this surge may damage subsea components (for example, BOP120, assembly 210, assembly 250, assembly 290) and cause another seabed blowout.

Once well 101 is closed and is substantially controlled, and be placed and (for example put in place for the manufacture of the inevitable infrastructure of well 101, hydrocarbon storage container, standpipe, manifold, streamline etc. have been installed), well 101 just can be exploited through kill-job reflux assembly 290 and/or pipeline 235.For example, depend on concrete condition, well 101 can and be opened valve 263 and exploit by reflux assembly 290 and shut off valve 233, by pipeline 235 and open valve 233 and shut off valve 263 is exploited, or by assembly 290 and pipeline 235 both and open all valves 233,263 and exploit.

As previously mentioned, lower assembly 210 comprises chemicals injected system 240, and upper assembly 250 comprises chemicals injected system 270.Can be before closing well 101, closing well 101 during or closing well 101 after use injected system 240,270 chemicals is injected into respectively to hole 224,262 neutralizations in well 101.For example, can inject such as the chemicals of ethylene glycol and/or methyl alcohol and form with the hydrate reducing in assembly 210,250, this hydrate forms otherwise can hinder or stop the ability of installation component 210,250.As another example, after installing, chemicals dispersing agent can be injected into the hydrocarbon of the assembly 210,250 of flowing through to reduce at the oil of place, sea generation and the volume of volatibility organic compound.

Also previously described capping 200 can be installed in the flexible coupling 143 of axle 151 or LMRP140.By describing, cover 200 to the installation in flexible coupling 143 now.As shown in Figures 1 and 2, standpipe adapter 145 is connected to flexible coupling 143; The upper end of standpipe adapter 145 comprises the flange 145a for adapter 145 is connected with the coupling flange 118 of lower end at standpipe 115.Yet, in the illustrated embodiment, short sections 222(Fig. 8) lower end 222b comprise for being connected to complementary coupling hub shape thing 150a to form the holder 150b of well head type connector 150.Therefore, holder 150b is not constructed or is designed to coupling companion flange 145a.Accordingly, referring now to Figure 22, in this embodiment, adopt adapter or conversion short tube 330 that the lower assembly 210 of lid 200 is connected to standpipe adapter 145.

With reference to Figure 22, in this embodiment, conversion short tube 330 has center or longitudinal axis 335, first or upper end 330a, second or the lower end 330b relative with end 330a and the discharge orifice 331 of extension axially between end 330a, b.Upper end 330a comprises hub shape thing 150a facing up, this hub shape thing 150a is configured to connect releasedly to form well head type connector 150 with the complementary holder 150b at 222b place, lower end at capping 200, lower end 330b comprises muse shoe 340, and this muse shoe 340 is formed at standpipe 115 will be inserted into coaxially standpipe adapter 145 after flexible coupling 143 removes.Annular flange 334 is axially arranged between end 330a, b, and its size and structure are suitable for mating and engaging the flange 145a of flexible coupling 143.Flange 334 comprises a plurality of circumferentially spaceds hole 334a.Bolt 334b is arranged in the 334a of hole in advance, and elastic ring band 336 is arranged around the upper end of bolt 334b.With 336 by the upper end of bolt 334b with respect to they lower end and hole 334a radially inner side promote, thereby make bolt 334b with respect to hole 334a crooked and tilt (that is, bolt 334b not coaxially mating holes 334a).By this way, with 336, during the layout of conversion short tube 330, maintain bolt 334b and extend to the position in the 334a of hole, thereby reduce the possibility that one or more bolt 334b depart from their corresponding hole 334a and drop to sea bed 103 between the layout of capping 200 and installation period.

Still with reference to Figure 22, a pair of circumferential spaced-apart alignment guide portion or sell 338 from flange 334 axially to downward-extension.Pin 338 size and position are suitable for the flange 145a with respect to flexible coupling 143 by the flange 334 of conversion short tube 330 to be aimed at coaxially and rotatably, makes hole 334a corresponding hole in alignment flange 145a coaxially.Conversion short tube 330 also comprises the plug 337 that axially extends through flange 334.When flange 145a, 334 is linked together, the position of plug 337 and orientation are suitable for being axially inserted in the outlet 149b of the mud boost line 149 in flange 145a.Plug 337 exports 149b for blocking and sealing, thereby prevents that hydrocarbon fluid from leaking or otherwise leakage by outlet 149b in the situation that mud back-up valve 149c breaks down.In this embodiment, plug 337 before arranging by pre-installation in conversion short tube 330, make it flange 145a, 334 axially in abutting connection with time engage coupling outlet 149b.Alternatively, after

flange

145a, 334 is fixed together, can plug 337 be installed by ROV170.If necessary hydrate is expelled from outlet 149b, plug 337 can be equipped with for chemicals supply line being connected to plug 337 chemicals is injected into the adapter of outlet 149b.

Muse shoe 340 is axially to the pipe of downward-extension from flange 334.In this embodiment, footwear 340 also comprise the elongated through slot 343 that radially extends to a plurality of circumferentially spaceds in hole 331 from the exterior cylindrical surfaces of footwear 340.In this embodiment, groove 343 is parallel to axis 335 orientations.In other embodiments, can omit the groove (for example, the groove 343 in muse shoe 340) in muse shoe.And, although this embodiment of conversion short tube 330 comprises muse shoe 340, in other embodiments, eliminate muse shoe (for example, muse shoe 340) completely.In such embodiments, a plurality of directing pin (for example, directing pin 338) promote aligning and the connection of conversion short tube (for example, short tube 320) and flexible coupling (for example, flexible coupling 143).

As will be described in more detail below in, during conversion short tube 330 is installed in flexible coupling 143, muse shoe 340 aim at coaxially joint 143 and axially advance in joint 143 until

flange

145a, 334 axially in abutting connection with.During muse shoe 340 is inserted in flexible coupling 143, through slot 343 is provided for from well 101 by the stream of the hydrocarbon fluid of BOP120 and LMRP140 discharge, thereby the possibility that discharges during installation borehole pressure is provided.

In order to promote muse shoe 340 aim at and be inserted in flexible coupling 143, lower end 330b in lateral view (that is, when observing perpendicular to axis 335), be have an angle or taper.Particularly, lower end 330b is orientated with angle beta with respect to axis 335.Angle beta is preferably between 30 ° and 60 °.In this embodiment, angle beta is 45 °.Tapered lower end 330b also promotes muse shoe 340 axial advancement for example, to crooked with respect to vertical curve or have in another parts (, flexible coupling 143) of pipe angle and/or that include therein layout or pipe fitting.For example, muse shoe 340 can be inserted in another parts and axially advance lentamente.Along with footwear 340 advance, tapering point 330b is mating part slidably, thereby footwear 340 are guided in parts.In addition the tapering point 330b pipe fitting in mating part and described pipe fitting is guided in hole 331 slidably.In other words, tapering point 330b makes muse shoe 340 itself radially can be squeezed at parts and be arranged between the pipe fitting in parts.In this situation that may be connected at muse shoe 340 and the parts that comprise the damage pipe fitting that can not be removed or pipe, be particularly advantageous.

In order to prepare, for the flange 145a with flange 334 sealed engagement, standpipe 115 to be removed from flexible coupling 143, and preferably cut into roughly concordant with flange 145a from the upwardly extending any pipe fitting of flange 145a or fragment.In addition, by conversion short tube 330, lower assembly 210, on before assembly 250, kill-job reflux assembly 290 or its combination be connected to standpipe adapter 145, standpipe adapter 145 is preferably orientated vertically and is locked in erection position.This provides simplifies the installation of these parts and the possibility that minimizing adapter 145 after the installation of these parts stands moment.More specifically, because standpipe adapter 145 is designed to respect to base portion 144 deflection and pivotable angularly, so the moment being applied on standpipe adapter 145 after such parts attached can cause standpipe adapter 145 undesirably pivotable and/or fracture.Yet, by proofreading and correct flexible coupling 143(, standpipe adapter 145 is orientated vertically) and 145 lockings of standpipe adapter are put in place, can reduce and resist such moment, and without adapter 145 pivotables or fracture.Generally speaking, standpipe adapter 145 can be orientated vertically and by arbitrarily suitable system and/or method by with the locking that is vertically oriented.On May 3rd, 2011, submit to, title be " adjusting and constrained system that Adjustment and Restraint System for a Subsea Flex Joint(is used for seabed flexible coupling) " U.S. Patent application NO.61/482, in 132, disclose for standpipe adapter 145 is orientated and standpipe adapter 145 is locked in the example of the suitable system and method on being vertically oriented vertically, this United States Patent (USP) is incorporated to hereby by reference herein for all objects.

With reference to Figure 23-25, show for regulating and retraining standpipe adapter 145 with respect to base portion 144, the embodiment of the angular orientation of BOP120 and well head 130 briefly.In this exemplary embodiment, a plurality of

base components

301 and 310, one cylinder components 310 of a plurality of hydraulic pressure cylinder assembly that system 300 comprises that the upper end around base portion 144 is circumferentially spaced and is installed to the upper end of base portion 144 are radially positioned between each base component 301 and standpipe adapter 145.Each base component 301 comprises: 302, one cylinder components of upper recess or cavity 310 are settled within it; And lower concave part or cavity 303, it receives the upper end from the upwardly extending double-screw bolt of base portion 144 and nut 304.

Each hydraulic pressure cylinder assembly 310 comprises the cylindrical member 311 leaning against in upper recess 302 and the piston component 312 extending from cylindrical member 311.Piston component 312 is hydraulically actuated stretch or retract with respect to cylindrical member 311.Piston component 312 comprises the contact member 313 engaging for the external surface with standpipe adapter 145.After starting, piston component 312 axially can be extended to radial load is applied to standpipe adapter 145 so that standpipe adapter 145 is switched to vertical position from cylindrical member 311.Generally speaking, hydraulic pressure cylinder assembly 310 can be any in some powerful specified cylinders, comprises, for example, have approximate 50 tons of cylinder capacity

rC-502 hydraulic cylinder and/or rC-504 hydraulic cylinder.For those of ordinary skill, also can be susceptible to and know the hydraulic cylinder with various other capacity and characteristic.

By base component 301 and cylinder component 310 around for example thering are one or more seabed ROV(, standpipe adapter 145 location ROV170).Particularly, base component 301 and cylinder component 310 are circumferentially located and separated on standpipe adapter 145, to apply suitable radial load so that standpipe adapter 145 is orientated vertically.

Referring now to Figure 26, illustrate for regulating and suppressing standpipe adapter 145 with respect to the embodiment of another system 340 of the angular orientation of base portion 144, BOP120 and well head 130.In this exemplary embodiment, system 340 be included in a plurality of double-screw bolts lids 341 of installing from the upper end of base portion 144 upwardly extending double-screw bolts and be radially positioned at cover 341 and standpipe adapter 145 between a plurality of hydraulic pressure cylinder assembly 345(only cylinder component 345 shown in Figure 26).Each covers 341 is in its lower end, to comprise the countersunk of upper end or the rigidity cylinder of cavity of receiving from the upwardly extending double-screw bolt of base portion 144.

Referring now to Figure 26 and Figure 27, each hydraulic pressure cylinder assembly 345 comprises main body 346 and is connected to the piston cylinder assembly 347 of main body 346.Main body 346 comprises piston rod housing 346a and the flange 346b from housing 346a to downward-extension.Piston cylinder assembly 347 is disposed in housing 346a and comprises the piston component 348 being hydraulically actuated to extend or to retract with respect to housing 346a.Piston component 348 comprises the contact surface 348a engaging for the external surface with standpipe adapter 145.ROV handle 349 is connected to main body 346 to promote the location of seabed ROV to assembly 345.

In order to regulate the angle between standpipe adapter 145 and base portion 144, cover 341 and be arranged on from the upwardly extending double-screw bolt of base portion 144, and one or more assembly 345 is circumferentially arranged around standpipe adapter 145.Particularly, assembly 345 be radially positioned at cover 341 and standpipe adapter 145 between, and housing 346a engages and to cover 341, piston component 348 extends radially inwardly towards standpipe adapter 145 from housing 346a, and the inner surface of flange 346b engage base 144.Then, assembly 347 activated so that piston component 348 extends radially inwardly to engage standpipe adapter 145.The lasting actuating of assembly 347 impels piston component 312 on standpipe adapter 145, to apply radial load so that standpipe adapter 145 is switched to the vertical position of expectation.Generally speaking, hydraulic pressure cylinder assembly 345 can be any in some powerful specified cylinders, comprises, for example, has approximate 50 tons of cylinder capacity

rC-502 hydraulic cylinder and/or

rC-504 hydraulic cylinder.For a technician, also can be susceptible to and know the hydraulic cylinder with various other capacity and characteristic.

By lid 341 and cylinder component 310 around for example thering are one or more seabed ROV(, standpipe adapter 145 location ROV170).Particularly, lid 341 and cylinder component 310 are circumferentially located and separated on standpipe adapter 145, to apply suitable radial load so that standpipe adapter 145 is orientated vertically.

Once adapter 145 is orientated vertically, it is preferably locked in vertical orientation, makes it between the installation period of capping or not crooked or deflection afterwards.For example, system 300,340 can be maintained balanced radial power be vertically oriented on to apply by standpipe adapter 145 by circumferential arrangement equably around standpipe adapter 145.Alternatively, once adapter 145 is vertically oriented, just rigid wedge can be arranged in the ring body being radially positioned between standpipe adapter 145 and base portion 144 and around standpipe adapter 145 circumferentially spaced equably, with on adapter 145 is maintained being vertically oriented.

Referring now to Figure 28 and Figure 29, illustrate for standpipe adapter 145 being locked in to the embodiment of the external member 350 of the tapered member 360 on being vertically oriented.Size and the structure of tapered member 360 are suitable for being positioned in the ring body between standpipe adapter 145 and cylindrical base 144.Particularly, tapered member 360 is used figure notation (for example, " 1 ", " 2 ", " 3 ", " 4 " ...) to specify tapered member 360 with which kind of circumferential order to be arranged in external member 350.For example, the tapered member 360 that is marked as " 1 " is circumferentially adjacent with the tapered member 360 that is marked as " 2 ", and the tapered member 360 that is marked as " 2 " is circumferentially adjacent with the tapered member 360 that is marked as " 3 ".In the situation that tapered member 360 arranged by circumferential order with suitable, external member 350 limits the interior ring cylindrical surface 351 of arranging with inner diameter D i and the outer shroud cylindrical surface 352 of arranging with external diameter Do.Inner diameter D i is substantially equal to or is slightly larger than the external diameter of standpipe adapter 145, and D outer diameter o is substantially equal to or is slightly larger than the internal diameter of base portion 44.Therefore, when tapered member 360 is by the circumferential order layout with suitable and when standpipe adapter 145 is arranged, inner surface 351 engages standpipe adapter 145, and the inner surface of external surface 352 engage base 144, thereby locking standpipe adapter 145 is with respect to position and the angle of base portion 144.In this embodiment, ROV handle 361 is connected to each tapered member 360 to promote by seabed ROV the location-independent to tapered member 360.

As shown in the best in Figure 29, inner surface 351 is centered by the first maincenter 351a, and external surface 352 is centered by the deputy center 352a from maincenter 351a radial deflection.Can change maincenter 351a, 352a radial deflection degree with by standpipe adapter 145 with respect to base portion 144 with concrete angular orientation and locking.

Referring now to Figure 30 A-30P, after standpipe adapter 145 has been prepared for engaging and has changed as previously described short tube 330, previously described capping 200 is shown as to be arranged and is arranged on seabed in the flexible coupling 143 of LMRP140, with shutoff with close well 101.Because the holder 150b at the 222b place, lower end in short sections 222 is not constructed or is designed to coupling companion flange 145a, so first previously described conversion short tube 330 arranged and be connected to LMRP140, then carrying out layout and the installation of assembly 210,250,290.In Figure 30 A-30D, conversion short tube 330 is shown as and controllably drops to seabed and be fastened to flexible coupling 143; In Figure 30 E-30H, lower assembly 210 is shown as and controllably drops to seabed and be fastened to conversion short tube 330; In Figure 30 I-30L, upper assembly 250 is shown as and controllably drops to seabed and be fastened to lower assembly 210; And in Figure 30 M-30P, kill-job reflux assembly 290 is shown as and drops to seabed and be fastened to assembly 250.

First with reference to Figure 30 A, conversion short tube 330 is shown as and utilizes the wirerope 181 and the lead-in wire 253 that are fastened to short tube 330 and extend to above water craft controllably to drop to seabed.Due to the weight of short tube 330, wirerope 181 is the relative strong hawsers (for example, steel cable) that preferably can bear the tensile load of expection with lead-in wire 253.Preferably adopt the winch or the crane that are installed to above water craft to support the short tube 330 on wirerope 181 and make short tube 330 declines.Although adopt in this embodiment wirerope 181 that short tube 330 is declined, in other embodiments, short tube 330 can utilize the instrument that is lowered to of the lower end that is installed to tubing string to be arranged into seabed.Use wirerope 181, short tube 330 under its Gravitative Loads from be positioned at well 101, BOP120 and LMRP140 roughly above and laterally skew and in the position in pinniform post 160 outsides, drop to seabed, the possibility forming to be reduced in hydrate in short tube 330.

Move to now Figure 30 B, make short tube 330 from standpipe adapter 145(the outside at pinniform post 160) lateral shift ground declines, until muse shoe 340 is positioned at the summary top of flange 145a.Along with short tube 330 declines and approaches standpipe adapter 145, ROV170 monitoring short tube 330 is with respect to the position of flexible coupling 143.Then,, as shown in Figure 30 C, make to change short tube 330 and laterally move into place the position directly over standpipe adapter 145, and muse shoe 340 is roughly aimed at standpipe adapter 145 coaxially.In addition, short tube 330 around axis 335 rotation with by directing pin 338 and hole 148 rough alignment corresponding in flange 145a.During one or more ROV170 can utilize their pawl 172 to carry out guide spool 330 and short tube 330 rotated to suitably aim at respect to flange 145a.

Due to its deadweight, short tube 330 is roughly vertical, and standpipe adapter 145 can be oriented with certain angle with respect to vertical curve.Therefore, need to understand, the perfect coaxial alignment of muse shoe 340 and flexible coupling 143 and sell 338 and flange 145a in the accurate aligning in coupling hole may be difficult.

Muse shoe 340 be positioned at standpipe adapter 145 directly over and roughly aim at coaxially standpipe adapter 145, and in directing pin 338 alignment flange 145a in the situation in corresponding hole, wirerope 181 axially declines short tube 330 downwards, thereby pin 338 is inserted and axially advanced in corresponding hole 148, and muse shoe lower end 330b is inserted and axially advanced in standpipe adapter 145, until flange 334 axially near and companion flange 145a, as shown in Figure 30 D.Even if sell 338 initial and slightly dislocation of hole 148, the fi-ustoconical surface on the lower end of each pin 338 also can be sold each 338 and be guided in its corresponding hole 148.Similarly, though muse shoe 340 initial with slightly dislocation of standpipe adapter 145, along with short tube 330 is from the position decline directly over standpipe adapter 145, the taper on the 330b of lower end also can guide spool 330 and insertion and the coaxial alignment of standpipe adapter 145.Between the installation period of short tube 330, the hydro carbons of discharging freely flows through the groove 343 in short tube 330 and muse shoe 340, thereby discharge well pressure and provide, reduces muse shoe 340 be axially inserted in standpipe adapter 145 and conversion short tube 330 be connected to the possibility of the opposing of standpipe adapter 145.

In the situation that muse shoe 340 is placed in the flange 334 of standpipe adapter 145 neutralization near coupling flange 145a fully, by hole 334a corresponding hole 147 in alignment flange 145a coaxially, and plug 337 is arranged in to mud boosts in outlet 149b.Then, a ROV170 cuts off and is with 336, thereby allows bolt 334b to drop in hole 147.If desired, one or more ROV170 also can help to promote bolt 334b to drop in hole 147.Then, can tight a bolt 334b so that short tube 330 is fixed to standpipe adapter 145 rigidly with ROV170.Utilize the fixed connecting piece of the sealing between short tube 330 and standpipe adapter 145, ROV170 will go between 253 from 330 disconnections of conversion short tube.Then, can utilize wirerope 181 that lead-in wire 253 is moved to the water surface.

Once conversion short tube 330 is connected to standpipe adapter 145 securely, assembly 210,250,290, with as previously arranged about the described same mode of Figure 20 A-20L, is changed short tube 330 except lower assembly 210 is connected to.Particularly, as shown in Figure 30 E-30H, drop to seabed and be connected to the engaging of prone holder 150b of lower assembly 210 and change short tube 330 through the hub shape thing 150a facing up of conversion short tube 330 lower assembly 210 is as described earlier, to form well head type connector 150 between the hub shape thing 150a facing up and prone holder 150b.Then, as shown in Figure 30 I-30L, upper assembly 250 is dropped to seabed as previously described and be connected to lower assembly 210, then, as shown in Figure 30 M-30P, kill-job reflux assembly 290 is dropped to as previously described to seabed and is connected to upper assembly 250.Can utilize assembly 210,250(to be with or without through assembly 290 in same mode as described earlier and use kill-job fluid) carry out shutoff and close well 101.Also should understand, before the installation of kill-job reflux assembly 290, or after removing kill-job reflux assembly 290, the hole 224,262 of aligning allows LMRP140, BOP120 and well 101 to reenter.

Once well 101 is closed and is substantially controlled, and be placed and (for example put in place for the manufacture of the essential infrastructure of well 101, hydrocarbon storage container, standpipe, manifold, streamline etc. have been installed), well 101 just can be exploited through reflux assembly 290 and/or pipeline 235.In addition, can be before closing well 101, closing well 101 during or closing well 101 after use injected system 240,270 chemicals is injected into respectively to hole 224,262 neutralizations in well 101.Although Figure 30 A-30P illustrates capping 200 and is arranged and is arranged on seabed on standpipe adapter 145, but the installation of LMRP140, well head 130 or BOP120 upper cover 200 is performed with identical form, except for example, to outside the preparation of landing position (, LMRP140, well head 130 or BOP120).

Referring now to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, illustrate for the previously described well 101(Fig. 4 of gland) and by another embodiment of hydrocarbon fluid shutoff capping 400 therein.Capping 400 is similar to previously described capping 200.That is, capping 400 is by modularization, and comprises as described earlier first or lower assembly 210.For object clearly, the sensing system 226 of not shown framework 211, the second tubular stub 230, chemicals injected system 240 and lower assembly 210 in Figure 31.Unlike previously described lid 200, in this embodiment, do not comprise assembly 250 and kill-job reflux assembly 290.On the contrary, upper assembly 250 is replaced by the valve module 450 being arranged in coaxially in the main aperture 224 of lower assembly 210, and kill-job reflux assembly 290 is replaced by lid 470.Valve module 450 is maintained in lower assembly 210 releasedly by lid 470.Lid 470 is attached to the lower assembly 210 with annular coupling member 480 securely, and annular coupling member 480 forms to have and covers 470 and the well head type connector 150 of lower assembly 210.Assembly 210,450 plays together shutoff and closes the effect of well 101, once and cover 470 it by shutoff and be controlled and just promote kill-job weight fluid to the conveying of well 101 and the generation of well 101.

As previously mentioned, lower assembly 210 is air portable.In this embodiment, valve module 450, cover 470 and coupling 480 be also air portable.Therefore, lower assembly 210, valve module 450, cover 470 and coupling 480 size and structure be all suitable for himself or together with assembly 210, assembly 450, cover 470 and coupling 480 in one or more by air transport.In other words, lower assembly 210, valve module 450, cover 470 and connect 480 and there is separately weight and the size that is suitable for air transport.In this embodiment, valve module 450 has 30 tons of following weight, and therefore, can betransported together with lower assembly 210.

Still with reference to Figure 31, valve module 450 comprises the tubular body 451, first or upper end 451a, second or lower end 451b and the through hole 453 that axially extends between end 451a, b with center or longitudinal axis 452.Assembly 450 also comprises a pair of axially spaced valve 454 of arranging along through hole 453.Valve 454 is controlled the fluids hole 453 of flowing through.That is, each valve 454 has the fastening position that allows open position that fluid flows through and restriction and/or stop fluid to be flowed through.Valve 233 is in series positioned along through hole 453.Therefore, if close one or two valve 454, limit and/or stop the fluid hole 453 of flowing through, and if open two valves 454, allow the fluid hole 453 of flowing through.Generally speaking, each valve 454 can comprise the valve that is suitable for the fluid pressure of the expection in hole 453 and any type of fluid, includes but not limited to ball valve, gate valve and butterfly valve.In addition, each valve 454 can be valve manual activation, hydraulic actuation, mechanically actuated or electric actuation.In this embodiment, each valve 454 is that rated differential head is the hydraulic actuation ball valve of 15kpsi.Can utilize ROV that each valve 233 in seabed is controlled and activated.Alternatively, can utilize from the water surface extends and the plate on assembly 210 is connected to valve 454 through being positioned at hydraulic pressure streamline or unsettled lead-in wire and control each valve 454 from the water surface.

Valve module 450 is partly arranged in main aperture 224, and upper end 451a is 224 axially extensions from hole, and lower end 451b is arranged in hole 224.Ring insert 460 is arranged in hole 224 axially between the annular shoulder 224a in assembly 450 and hole 224 coaxially.Insert 460 have first or upper end 460a, with relative second or the lower end 460b of end 460a and the flow channel 461 that axially extends between end 460a, b.Upper end 460a comprises cylindrical recess or the counterbore 462 of receiving lower end 451b, and lower end 460b comprises the outer diameter part that subtracts in the hole 224 extending to below shoulder 224a.Therefore, insert 460 is placed in hole 224 against shoulder 224a, and tubular body 451 is placed in recess 462.A plurality of annular seal assembly 470 radial arrangement are between tubular body 451 and short sections 222.Black box 470 limits and/or prevents that fluid from axially flowing between main body 451 and short sections 222.

Still with reference to Figure 31, cover 470 valve module 450 is remained in hole 224, and lower end 451b is placed in insert 460.Lid 470 is mating holes 224,453 and have first or upper end 470a, second or lower end 470b and the flow channel 471 that axially extends between 470a, b coaxially.In this embodiment, upper end 470a comprises that streamline facing up connects hub shape thing 239a, and lower end 470b comprises prone hub shape thing 150a.Cylindrical recess or countersunk 472 axially extend and are limited to the annular shoulder 473 passage 471 from lower end 470b.Tubular articles 451 extends in recess 472 and against shoulder 473 and settles.End 470b, 222a axially in abutting connection with and by annular coupling member 480, be held togather.Particularly, coupling member 480 is arranged around end 470b, 222a, and is comprised: holder 150b facing up, and its hub shape thing 150a being fastened to releasedly at end 470b place to form well head type connector 150 between hub shape thing 150a and holder 150b; With prone holder 150b, its hub shape thing 150a being fastened to releasedly at end 222a place to form well head type connector 150 between holder 150b and hub shape thing 150a.At the hub shape thing 239a facing up at 470a place, upper end, engage releasedly and interlock with the coupling holder of lower end at streamline, so as will to increase the weight of kill-job fluid be injected into cover 400 and well 101 in or exploitation well 101.

Capping 400 is arranged in seabed and is arranged on well head 130, BOP120 or LMRP140 and goes up with shutoff and cut out well 101, and/or exploitation well 101.In order to simplify layout, capping 400 is preferably arranged and is arranged on seabed in one way as individual unit.In other words, in this embodiment, preferably valve module 450 is arranged in lower assembly 210, and lid 470 is connected to lower assembly 210 and coupling 480 at the water surface 102 places, then whole preassembled lid 400 is dropped to seabed.Upper for lid 400 being installed to BOP120, standpipe 115 is removed from LMRP140, and LMRP140 is removed from BOP120.Then, cover 400 and drop to seabed and be connected on the tubing string 180 or wirerope 181 of hub shape thing 239a, and be attached to securely the BOP120 with well head type connector 150.For lid 400 is installed on well head 130, standpipe 115 is removed from LMRP140, LMRP140 is removed from BOP120, and BOP120 is removed from well head 130.Then, cover 400 and drop to seabed and be connected on the tubing string 180 or wirerope 181 of hub shape thing 239a, and be attached to securely the well head 130 with well head type connector 150.Upper for lid 400 being installed to LMRP140, standpipe 115 is removed from LMRP140, then conversion short tube 330 dropped to seabed and be attached to securely standpipe adapter 145, as described earlier.Then, lid 400 is dropped to seabed and is attached to securely the conversion short tube 330 with well head type connector 150.In each case, preferably by lid 400 from well 101 lateral shifts ground and drop to seabed in pinniform post 160 outsides, then for example, in landing position (, BOP120, conversion short tube 330 or well head 130) top, laterally move and be connected to landing position by well head type connector 150.Can adopt one or more ROV170 to promote to cover 400 installation.

Although preferably in water surface place installation cover 400, then lid 400 is dropped to seabed as individual unit, but in other embodiments, can make lower assembly 210 and valve module 450 decline independently, in then in seabed, lower assembly 210 and valve module 450 being assembled to and covering 400.Such as, as previously described, lower assembly 210 can be dropped to seabed and be arranged on well head 130, BOP120 or conversion short tube 330, then valve module 450 can utilize wirerope 181 or tubing string 180 to be lowered by seabed, to be arranged in hole 224, and utilize cover 470 and annular coupling 480 be fastened to assembly 210.

Still with reference to Figure 31, after the installation of capping 400, hydro carbons is freely flowed through and is covered 400.For shutoff with close well 101, the valve 233 in hole 225,232 and the valve 454 in hole 453 are handled by seabed ROV170.In order to utilize and to increase the weight of kill-job fluid, before starting bolt down procedure, kill-job fluid supplies is connected to the hub shape thing 239a at the 470a place, upper end of lid 470 in closing well 101.Yet, if do not utilize kill-job fluid to carry out closing assisted well 101, can before streamline being installed to hub shape thing 239a, start bolt down procedure.

In order to close well 101, close the valve 233 in streamline 237,238, and the valve 233 maintaining in hole 225,232 opens, and upper valve 454 converts to and cuts out.Due to upper valve 454 converted to, close, the pressure of lower assembly 210 interior wellbore fluids is monitored by pressure transducer 226, and the pressure of upper assembly 250 interior wellbore fluids is monitored by pressure sensor 287.As long as the formation fluid pressure in assembly 210,450 is in the boundary of allowing, upper valve 454 just continues to keep closed condition until it is closed completely.Once close, close valve 454, lower valve 454 also can cut out to provide redundancy fully.In the situation that two valves 454 cut out, the fluid hole 453 of flowing through is limited and/or is prevented from, yet, because the valve 233 in hole 225,232 is opened, hole 224,225,232,236 and choke valve 234 so formation fluid is freely flowed through.Then, the valve in hole 232 233 is converted into and cuts out.Because valve 233 is converted into, close, the pressure of the wellbore fluid in lower assembly 210 monitored by pressure transducer 226.As long as the formation fluid pressure in assembly 210 is in the boundary of allowing, the valve 233 in hole 232 just continues to keep closed condition until it is closed completely.Once close the valve 233 in closed pore 232, the valve 233 in hole 225 also can cut out to provide redundancy fully.In the situation that each valve 233,454 cuts out, well 101 is by shutoff and close.Accordingly, in this embodiment, the valve 454 of assembly 450 is carried out the function identical with the valve 263 of previously described upper assembly 250.Should understand, to closing through the permission " soft " of closing stage by stage of the orderly close-down of valve 233,454 comprising with well 101 of choke valve 234, thereby provide, reduce the possible possibility that unexpected strata pressure increases sharply, this surge may damage subsea components (for example, BOP120, assembly 210, assembly 450, assembly 290) and cause another seabed blowout.

Once well 101 is closed and is substantially controlled, and be placed and (for example put in place for the manufacture of the essential infrastructure of well 101, hydrocarbon storage container, standpipe, manifold, streamline etc. have been installed), well 101 just can be exploited through hub shape thing 239a and/or the pipeline 235 at the 470a place, upper end at lid 470.For example, depend on concrete condition, well 101 can be by covering 470 and shut off valve 233 and open valve 454 and exploit, by pipeline 235 and open valve 233 and shut off valve 454 is exploited, or by cover 470 and pipeline 235 both and open all valves 233,454 and exploit.

As previously mentioned, lower assembly 210 comprises chemicals injected system 240.Can be before closing well 101, closing well 101 during or closing well 101 after use injected system 240 chemicals is injected into respectively to hole 224,453 neutralizations in well 101.The chemicals that for example, can inject such as ethylene glycol forms with the hydrate reducing in assembly 210,450.

In the manner described, capping described herein (for example, lid 200,400) embodiment can be arranged to seabed and be installed in from above water craft hydrocarbon fluid (is for example ejected into subsea wellheads seawater around, well head 130), BOP(for example, BOP120) or LMRP(for example, LMRP140) on.Once be installed to securely seabed, " soft " that series of valves activated and closes to realize well closes.Pressure and temperature sensor is included to measure the pressure and temperature of wellbore fluid, thereby makes the operator can be to reduce the opening and closing of the possible mode driven valve of blowout when attempting closing well.For example, at closed-in well at the moment, preferably with continuous orderly close-down valve, the while is monitor well borehole pressure continuously.If the less desirable increase triggering on borehole pressure of closing to concrete valve, can open immediately this valve (or another valve) to discharge the borehole pressure of increase, thereby the possibility of avoiding blowout in closed-in well is provided.Similarly, after closed-in well, can monitor well borehole pressure, if make to occur borehole pressure undesirably rapidly rising can open valve and increase to slow down such borehole pressure.

Referring now to Figure 32, for example, subsea wellheads for seabed capping (, capping 200,400) being arranged and is arranged on hydrocarbon injection fluid, BOP, LMRP(are shown for example, LMRP axle) or flexible coupling standpipe adapter on the general view of method 500.In piece 501, start, identify suitable seabed landing position.In the embodiment of previously described maritime system 100, utilize well head-type connector 150 to be installed to the well head 130 at sea bed 103 places seabed BOP120, and utilize well head type connector 150 to be installed to BOP120 LMRP140, and flexible coupling 143 is installed to LMRP140 through axle, and utilizes flange coupling connector to be connected to standpipe adapter 145 standpipe 115.Therefore, possible landing position be included in remove the LMRP140 after standpipe 115 standpipe adapter 145, the LMRP axle 151 after removing flexible coupling 143, removing the BOP120 after LMRP140 and removing the well head 130 after BOP120.These represent the suitable especially landing position that falls, because can be disconnected in seabed under ROV170 auxiliary at the various connectors between these parts.Can be from well to well different and depend on various factors to the final selection of the landing position of expectation, described factor includes but not limited to the convenience that concrete connector can be destroyed and be reconnected, infringement type, impaired parts (for example, BOP120, LMRP140, standpipe 115 etc.), adverse effect while preparing selected landing position (for example, the exposure of internal fragmentation, restricted pipe etc.) possibility, the possibility that the well stream increasing/hydrocarbon sprays, landing position and the hardware that is associated are (for example, BOP120, LMRP140 etc.) ability of carrying capping, or their combination.

According to piece 506, if selected landing position is axle 151 or the standpipe adapter 45 of LMRP140, the connector between standpipe 115 and standpipe adapter 145 is destroyed, from standpipe adapter 145, removes standpipe 115.According to piece 510, if selected landing position is standpipe adapter 145, as required, seabed is arranged and be arranged on to suitable conversion short tube (for example, conversion short tube 330).Yet, if landing position is LMRP axle 151, at piece 535 places, removes flexible coupling 143(and comprise standpipe adapter 145).Afterwards, as required, at piece 536, be in seabed suitable conversion short tube (for example, conversion short tube 330) is arranged and is arranged in axle 151.On the other hand, according to piece 507, if selected landing position is BOP120, from standpipe adapter 145, remove standpipe 115, destroy the connector 150 between LMRP140 and BOP120, and LMRP140 is removed from BOP120.Moreover, according to piece 508, if selected landing position is well head 130, from standpipe adapter 145, remove standpipe 115, destroy the connector 150 between LMRP140 and BOP120, from BOP120, remove LMRP140, destroy being connected between BOP120 and well head 130, and BOP120 is removed from well head 130.

Answer comprehension, the identification of landing position also affects whether conversion short tube (for example, conversion short tube 330) is essential for capping being connected to landing position.For example, for example, if landing position comprises connector or the hub shape thing (, hub shape thing 150a) that is configured to mate and be bonded on the holder 150b at 222B place, lower end, change short tube optional.On the other hand, if landing position comprises connector or the hub shape thing that is not configured to mate and be bonded on the holder 150b at 222b place, lower end, it is essential changing connector or the hub shape thing that short tube is converted at the particular type at landing position place for the holder 150b from lower end 222b.

Move to now piece 515, before preparing landing positions according to piece 506,507,508, during or afterwards, (for example will change short tube, change short tube 330) and capping parts are (for example, the assembly 210,250,290 of capping 200, or assembly 210,450, cover 470, and the coupling 480 of capping 400) be transported to marine position.Generally speaking, can conversion short tube and capping parts be transported to the suitable transportation of segmentation on the bank scene by air transport, then by bateau or above water craft, be transported to sea.Because cloud hopping is conventionally faster than remote sea or land transport, so for the conversion short tube and/or parts of the remote geographic location storage of position on off sea or encapsulation, any in the parts of conversion short tube and/or capping or the air transport of a plurality of parts may be special expectations.

Once the assembly of changing short tube (if desired) and capping 200,400 has been transported to marine scene, just can they be arranged and are arranged at piece 52 places seabed and cover 200,400 to form, as described earlier.Then,, in piece 525, well 101 is utilized capping 200,400 by shutoff and is closed, as described earlier.According to piece 530, in the situation that well 101 is controlled, can exploit well 101 with reflux assembly 290 and/or pipeline 235.

Previously described is to adopt concrete conversion short tube 33 capping 200 is connected to the embodiment of the standpipe adapter 145 of concrete flexible coupling 143.Yet manufacturer has has researched and developed and has been permitted eurypalynous standpipe flexible coupling, deep sea vertical pipe assembly, BOP and well.Particularly, there is a plurality of potential different connector profile that spreads all over standpipe flexible coupling, deep sea vertical pipe assembly, BOP and well head.As previously mentioned, in some cases, the landing position on standpipe adapter, LMRP, BOP or well head can have connector or the profile that is configured to directly mate and engage the profile of the holder 150b that is disposed in 222b place, lower end.Yet in other cases, landing position can have connector or the profile of the profile incompatible with holder at 222b place, lower end.In such embodiments, adopt conversion short tube at the connector profile at landing position place and change between the holder 150b at 222b place, lower end.Therefore, need various heteroid conversion short tubes to carry out arriving the conversion between the many connector profiles at landing position place at the holder 150b at end 222b place.Can explain best this point with reference to Figure 33.As directed, deep sea vertical pipe assembly 140 is connected to BOP120 releasedly, and BOP120 replaces and is connected to releasedly well head 130, as previously explained.In this example, five different standpipe flexible coupling 143A-143E have the lower connector of same configuration, the upper connector that this lower connector is suitably configured to be connected to LMRP140 (, axle 151), but each lower connector has respectively heteroid, upwardly extending standpipe adapter 145A-145E, described standpipe adapter 145A-145E is coupled to standpipe (not shown in Figure 13) in common probing and recovery process.In expectation, capping 200,400 is connected under the situation of in standpipe adapter 145A-145E, in each situation, needs heteroid conversion short tube.

More specifically, Figure 33 illustrates five heteroid standpipe adapter 145A-145E, is suitable for being separately connected to the conversion short tube of the heteroid 330A-330E of being depicted as.Should understand, the signal of standpipe adapter profile 145A-145E characterizes true form or the real profile that does not represent standpipe adapter, but be only used to illustrate that standpipe adapter 145A has the structure different from standpipe adapter 145B herein, standpipe adapter 145B has the structure different from standpipe adapter 145C, etc.Having so heteroid connector profile requires to change short tube 330A-330E and has to the coupling of downward-extension and be connected releasedly with corresponding standpipe adapter 145A-145E to be configured to relevant mutual different connector profile.Although respectively change the lower end of short tube 330A-330E and be different to adapt to heteroid standpipe adapter 145A-145E,, each upper end of changing short tube 330A-330E is configured to identical to engage with the capping of consistent design in each situation.In the case, each changes the well head type connection hub shape thing 150a that short tube 330A-330E is included in its upper end, this well head type connects the complementary cloudy type holder 150b that hub shape thing 150a is configured to mate and be bonded on the 222b place, lower end of covering 200,400, to form the well head type connector 150 of standard.

Referring now to Figure 34 and 35, the embodiment of capping adapter or conversion short tube 600 is shown.Generally speaking, conversion short tube 600 for the connector of the lower end at capping and the connector profile being associated (for example, cloudy type holder 150b at end 222b place) for example, to the conversion between the connector at landing position place and the connector profile (, the hub shape thing 150a of the hub shape thing 150a of standpipe adapter 145, LMRP axle 151, BOP120 or well head 130) that is associated.In this embodiment, conversion short tube 600 comprises top or upper short tube 610 and the bottom or the lower short tube 620 that are connected to short tube 610.Upper short tube 610 has central axis 615, first or upper end 610a and second or lower end 610b.In addition, top 610 be included in the connector 611 at 610a place, upper end, at the annular flange 613 at 610b place, lower end with axially extend to the tubular body 612 of flange 613 from connector 611.Through hole 614 axially extends through short tube 610 to lower end 610b from upper end 610a.Flange 613 comprises planar annular contact surface 616, and this planar annular contact surface 616 has cannelure 617 and axially extends through the hole 618 of a plurality of circumferentially spaceds of cannelure 617.Connector 611 at 610a place, upper end is configured to coupling and sealably engages capping.Therefore,, in order to be connected to previously described capping 200,400, connector 611 is configured for coupling and is sealably bonded on the hub shape thing 150a of complementary holder 150b at the 222b place, lower end of capping 200,400.

Lower short tube 620 has central axis 625, first or upper end 620a and second or lower end 620b.In addition, bottom 620 is included in annular flange 621, the connector 624 at 620b place, lower end, the conical butt main body 622 of axially extending from flange 621 at 620a place, upper end and from main body 622, extends to the tubular body 623 of connector 624.Through hole 626 axially extends through short tube 620 to lower end 620b from upper end 620a.It is identical with previously described flange 613 that flange 621 is configured to.Particularly, flange 621 comprises planar annular contact surface 627, and this planar annular contact surface 627 has cannelure (not shown) and axially extends through the hole 629 of a plurality of circumferentially spaceds of this cannelure.At 620b place, lower end connector 624, be configured to coupling and be sealably bonded on for example, complementary connector on landing position (, standpipe adapter 145, LMRP axle 151, BOP120, well head 130).Owing to spreading all over the quantity of the possible connector of each landing place, connector 624 can comprise any in a plurality of possible connector of below describing in more detail.In order to be connected to the flange at landing position place, connector 624 can comprise coupling flange, and this coupling flange comprises that alignment pin is to promote the aligning of coupling flange.

For upper short tube 610 is connected to lower short tube 620, the annular seal 630 being formed by inconel or other suitable material is positioned in the annular recess in contact surface 616,627, short tube 610,620 is aimed at coaxially, and flange 613,621 is pushed into and is engaged with each other.In the situation that hole 618,629 is aimed at, screw thread column cap 631 and hex nut 632 tighten together upper and lower short tube 610,620.

Referring now to Figure 36 A-36N, the different embodiment of adapter 600A-600N is shown.Each adapter 600A-600N comprises respectively top as described earlier 610He bottom 620A-620N.Therefore, in each adapter 600A-600N, use identical top 610, top 610 comprises and being configured to and complementary connector (for example,, at the holder 150b that contains the 222b place, lower end of covering 200,400) on capping coupling and the connector 611 that sealably engages.In these embodiments, connector 611 is that the cloudy type holder 150b of complementation is as the retrievable cloudy type H4 connector of GE Oil & Gas from Houston, Texas as having from Cameron International Corp. is retrievable a positive type H4 connector being configured to the complementary cloudy type holder 150b coupling of lower end 222b at capping 200,400 and the connector profile that sealably engages.Flange 613 is 183/4 inch of API flange.Each bottom 620A-620L is identical with previously described lower short tube 620 respectively, except the connector 624A-624L at 620b place, each lower end is different to adapt to respectively the different matching connector 650A-650L at landing position 651A-651L place.Bottom 620M, 620N only comprise respectively connector 624M, the 624N that utilizes bolt to be directly connected with the flange 613 on top 610.In other words, connector 624M, 624N do not comprise conical butt main body 622 as described earlier or tubular body 623.Connector 624M, 624N are respectively different to adapt to respectively different matching connector 650M, the 650N at landing position 651M, 651N place.Generally speaking, at standpipe adapter (for example, standpipe adapter 145) the connector 650A-650L that upper employing is described in more detail below and corresponding landing position 651A-651L, and at LMRP(for example, LMRP130), BOP(for example, BOP120) and upper connector 650M, 650N and corresponding landing position 651M, the 651N of adopting of well head (for example, well head 130).The flange 621 of each time short tube 620A-620L is configured to coupling companion flange 613, and the upper end of each connector 624M, 624N is configured to coupling companion flange 613.Accordingly, because flange 613 is 183/4 inch of API flange, the flange 621 of each time short tube 620A-620L is 183/4 inch of API flange of coupling, and the upper end of each connector 624M, 624N is configured to mate 183/4 inch of API flange.

In Figure 36 A, the connector 624A of bottom 620A is as having from Aker-Kvaerner is obtainable a cloudy type CLIP being configured to complementary connector 650A coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages ^tMconnector, this complementary connector 650A is as from the obtainable positive type CLIP of Aker-Kvaerner ^tMconnector.In Figure 36 B, the connector 624B of bottom 620B is as having from Cameron International Corp. is obtainable a cloudy type load King being configured to complementary connector 650B coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages ^tMconnector, this complementary connector 650B is as from the obtainable positive type load King of Cameron International orp. ^tMconnector.In Figure 36 C, the connector 624C of bottom 620C is as from Vetco Gray, Inc. obtainable have a positive type HMF-F connector being configured to complementary connector 650C coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650C is as from Vetco Gray, the obtainable cloudy type HMF-F connector of Inc..In Figure 36 D, the connector 624D of bottom 620D is as from Vetco Gray, Inc. obtainable have a positive type MR-6H connector being configured to complementary connector 650D coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650A is as from Vetco Gray, the obtainable cloudy type MR-6H connector of Inc..In Figure 36 E, the connector 624E of bottom 620E is as from Vetco Gray, Inc. obtainable have a cloudy type MR-6C connector being configured to complementary connector 650E coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650E is as from Vetco Gray, the obtainable positive type MR-6C connector of Inc..In Figure 36 F, the connector 624F of bottom 620F is as from Vetco Gray, Inc. obtainable have a cloudy type MR-6D connector being configured to complementary connector 650F coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650F is as from Vetco Gray, the obtainable positive type MR-6D connector of Inc..In Figure 36 G, the connector 624G of bottom 620G is as from Vetco Gray, Inc. obtainable have a positive type HMF-G connector being configured to complementary connector 650G coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650G is as from Vetco Gray, the obtainable cloudy type HMF-G connector of Inc..In Figure 36 H, the connector 624H of bottom 620H is as from Vetco Gray, Inc. obtainable have a positive type HMF-D connector being configured to complementary connector 650H coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650H is as from Vetco Gray, the obtainable cloudy type HMF-D connector of Inc..In Figure 36 I, the connector 624I of bottom 620I is as from Vetco Gray, Inc. obtainable have a positive type HMF-E connector being configured to complementary connector 650I coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650I is as from Vetco Gray, the obtainable cloudy type HMF-E connector of Inc..In Figure 36 J, the connector 624J of bottom 620J is as the National Oilwell Varco from Houston, Texas, Inc. obtainable have a cloudy type FT-GB connector being configured to complementary connector 650J coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, this complementary connector 650J is as the National Oilwell Varco from Houston, Texas, the obtainable positive type FT-GB connector of Inc..In Figure 36 K, the connector 624K of bottom 620K is as having from Cameron International Corp. is obtainable a positive type RD connector being configured to complementary connector 650K coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, and this complementary connector 650B is as from the obtainable cloudy type RD connector of Cameron International orp..In Figure 36 L, the connector 624L of bottom 620L is as having from Shafer is obtainable a cloudy type DT-2 connector being configured to complementary connector 650L coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, and this complementary connector 650L is as from the obtainable positive type DT-2 connector of Shafer.In Figure 36 M, connector 624M is as having from Cameron International Corp. is obtainable a cloudy type SHD H4 connector being configured to complementary connector 650M coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, and this complementary connector 650M is as from the obtainable positive type SHD H4 connector of Cameron International orp..In Figure 36 N, the connector 624N of bottom 620N is as having from Cameron International Corp. is obtainable a cloudy type HC connector being configured to complementary connector 650N coupling and the connector profile that sealably engages, and this complementary connector 650N is as from the obtainable positive type HC connector of Cameron International orp..

As being therefore understood, by lid being placed on to any place in four positions (on well head 130, on BOP120, in the axle 151 of LMRP140 or on standpipe adapter 145), can adopt single capping (for example, covering 200,400) to close and plugged well.This can complete by maintaining the stock of a plurality of conversion short tubes 600, and such conversion short tube 600 has identical top and different bottom 620 to adapt to different landing positions.As used herein, term " stock " refers to some article that are stored in warehouse when being used as noun.Similarly, word " stock " is standby at one's fingertips and be ready for layout when being used as referring to when verb and phrase " maintain stock " by some article.For given well, the connector profile of the axle of well head, BOP, LMRP and standpipe adapter is all known, make suitable conversion short tube 600 to be maintained to above water craft or rig 110 places, or at remoter storage facility place.For example, can be used to encapsulation may be in essential all types of conversion short tube 600 for using together with all wells in the given area with such as the Gulf of Mexico with maintaining to storage facility.Except suitable conversion short tube 600, stock also will comprise at least one capping 200,400(preferably, with its modular form, be stored).If there is blowout, the modular member of essential capping and conversion short tube can be identified, from stock, select, and is shipped to rapidly well scene, for using at gland well.

With reference to Figure 37, storage facility 700 is schematically represented, and hold lower assembly 210, upper assembly 250 and the rear assembly 290 of kill-job stream, as previously described, described lower assembly 210, upper assembly 250 and the rear assembly 290 of kill-job stream are separately in being ready to shipment and being assembled under the state in capping 200.Maintain stock in storage facility 700 also have in each in multiple adapter 600 at least one (for example, one or more in adapter 600A-600N), because these adapters 600 may be in order to be connected to capping 200 any well head, BOP, LMRP axle or the standpipe adapter in the geographic area of storage facility 700 special uses.For each well in that geographic area, type and the structure of well head, BOP, LMRP, axle and standpipe adapter are known.In this example, adapter 600A-600F, 600M and 600N comprise lid 200 are attached to each all adapters in well head, BOP, LMRP axle and the standpipe adapter of each well in region.Yet, should understand, the structure that depends on well head, BOP, LMRP axle and standpipe adapter in interested geographic area, adapter 600A-600N(or comprise different connectors other conversion short tube) any combination can be included in facility 700.If there is seabed blowout, for example, about the information of well and structure (, well head, BOP, LMRP axle and standpipe adapter) thereof, be transferred to the service personnel of the equipment in the warehouse of safeguarding in storage facility 700.Alternatively, service personnel's Information and can " consulting " about the type of all equipment at each Jing Chu and the information of structure.Once this ten-four, required (for example, capping 200 is connected to concrete one or more well parts required) suitable adapter 600 is selected and arranged to be transported to well scene so that gland and plugged well together with capping assembly 210,250,290.By modularization capping assembly (for example, assembly 210,250,290) and all possible adapter (for example, adapter 600A-600F, 600M and 600N) be placed in stock and be ready to and can faster and more effective means are provided and can alleviate potential ambient influnence and infringement for gland submarine well to load and transport.For example, although the parts that the storage facility 700 shown in Figure 37 comprises capping 200 (, lower assembly 210, upper assembly 250 and kill-job reflux assembly 290), but in other embodiments, storage facility (for example, facility 700) can alternatively comprise the parts (for example, lower assembly 210, valve module 450 and cover 470) of previous described capping 400.

Referring now to Figure 38, another storage facility 800 is schematically represented and encapsulates lower assembly 210, upper assembly 250 and the kill-job reflux assembly 290 of capping 200 as described earlier separately.In addition, stock is maintained in facility 800, comprises keeping in repair well in the region of appointment required adapter 600A-600F, 600M and at least one top 610(of 600N and illustrates in this example 2) and each bottom 620A-620F, 620M and 620N.Need equally to understand, bottom 620A-620F, the 600M of adapter 600A-600F, 600M and 600N and 600N are only respectively the examples of possible conversion short tube bottom.Generally speaking, depend on the structure of well head, BOP, LMRP axle and standpipe adapter in be correlated with geographic area, bottom 620A-620N(or comprise other bottom of different connectors) any combination can be included in facility 800.Because the top 610 of each adapter 600A-600F, 600M and 600N is identical in these embodiments, so needn't be each top 610 reserved inventories in adapter 600A-600F, 600M and 600N.Alternatively, when needs occur, can select suitable bottom 620A-620F, 620M, 620N and be attached to top 610, as described earlier.Although in order to form this connection, need some additional periods,, form this connection and be not extremely consuming time and can save manufacture, maintain and store the cost on a plurality of tops 610 of each adapter 600A-600F, 600M and 600N.For example, although the parts that the storage facility 800 shown in Figure 38 comprises capping 200 (, lower assembly 210, upper assembly 250 and kill-job reflux assembly 290), but in other embodiments, storage facility (for example, facility 800) can alternatively comprise the parts (for example, lower assembly 210, valve module 450 and cover 470) of previous described capping 400.

Although illustrated and described preferred embodiment, in the situation that do not depart from scope or religious doctrine herein, can have been made by those skilled in the art the modification of these preferred embodiments.Embodiment described herein is only exemplary rather than restrictive.Many variations of system described herein, device and process and modification are possible and within the scope of the invention.For example, can change the relative size of each several part, the material of making each several part and other parameter.Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited to embodiment described herein, but only by following claim, is limited, and its scope will comprise all equivalents of the theme of claim.Unless clearly statement, otherwise, can be with the step in random order manner of execution claim.Enumerating of the identifier such as (a) and (b), (c) or (1), (2), (3) before step in claim to a method is not intended to and the concrete order of given step not, but is used to simplify the reference subsequently to such step.

Claims

1. for shutoff, hydro carbons is discharged into a modularization capping for the subsea wellbore of seawater around, described capping comprises:

Lower assembly, described lower assembly comprises short tube main body, described short tube main body has upper end, the lower end relative with described upper end and from described upper end, extends to the first through hole of described lower end;

Upper assembly, described upper assembly comprises short sections, described short sections has upper end, the lower end relative with described upper end, extends to the through hole of described lower end and be arranged in the first short sections valve described through hole from described upper end, wherein, described the first short sections valve is configured to control flowing of the described through hole of fluid by described short sections;

Wherein, the described upper end of described short tube main body is releasably connected to the described lower end of described short sections, and wherein, described first through hole of described short tube main body aims at coaxially with the described through hole of described short sections and fluid is communicated with.

2. capping according to claim 1, wherein, the described short tube main body of described lower assembly further comprises:

The second through hole extending from described the first through hole;

Be arranged in the first short tube valve body in described the second through hole; And

Wherein, described the first short tube valve body in described the second through hole is configured to control flowing of described second through hole of fluid by described short tube main body.

3. capping according to claim 1, wherein, described upper assembly further comprises the second short sections valve in the described through hole of the described short sections that is arranged in described upper assembly, wherein, described the second short sections valve is configured to control flowing of the described through hole of fluid by the described short sections of described upper assembly;

Wherein, the described short tube main body of described lower assembly further comprises the second short tube valve body being arranged in described the second through hole, wherein, described the second short tube valve body in described the second through hole is configured to control flowing of described second through hole of fluid by described short tube main body.

4. capping according to claim 2, wherein, described the second through hole has the first end crossing with described the first through hole and away from the second end of described the first through hole, wherein, described second end of described the second through hole is connected to choke valve.

5. capping according to claim 4, wherein, described lower assembly further comprises the fluid line extending from described choke valve, wherein, described fluid line has and is connected to the first end of described choke valve and away from the second end of described choke valve, and wherein, described second end of described fluid line comprises the hub shape thing facing up that is configured to engage releasedly with the prone holder mating.

6. capping according to claim 2, wherein, described first through hole of described short tube main body is configured to provide the full hole path with respect to described well.

7. capping according to claim 2, further comprises:

Kill-job reflux assembly, described kill-job reflux assembly comprises short sections, the described short sections of described kill-job reflux assembly has upper end, the lower end relative with described upper end and from described upper end, extends to the through hole of described lower end;

Wherein, the upper end of the short sections of described upper assembly is releasably connected to the lower end of the short sections of described kill-job reflux assembly, and wherein, the through hole of the short sections of described upper assembly is aimed at coaxially with the through hole of the short sections of described kill-job reflux assembly and fluid is communicated with.

8. capping according to claim 7, wherein, described kill-job reflux assembly comprises the fluid line that the upper end with the short sections of described kill-job reflux assembly is connected, and wherein, described fluid line is configured to exploit described well or kill-job fluid is supplied to described well.

9. capping according to claim 7, wherein, described lower assembly, described upper assembly and described kill-job reflux assembly each to be all configured to be air portable.

10. capping according to claim 9, wherein, described lower assembly has the first weight, and described upper assembly has the second weight, and described kill-job reflux assembly has the 3rd weight;

Wherein, described the first weight, described the second weight and described the 3rd weight each be all less than 120 tons.

11. cappings according to claim 10, wherein, any both sums in described the first weight, described the second weight and described the 3rd weight are less than 120 tons.

12. cappings according to claim 10, wherein, each all has maximum height, Breadth Maximum and maximum length described lower assembly, described upper assembly and described kill-job reflux assembly; And

Wherein, at least one in maximum height, Breadth Maximum and the maximum length of each in described lower assembly, described upper assembly and described kill-job reflux assembly is less than 21 feet, and in each maximum height, Breadth Maximum and the maximum length in described lower assembly, described upper assembly and described kill-job reflux assembly at least different one is less than 14 feet.

13. cappings according to claim 7, wherein, described lower assembly comprises the framework that is connected to described short tube main body, described upper assembly comprises the framework that the short sections with described upper assembly is connected, and described kill-job reflux assembly comprises the framework that the short sections with described kill-job reflux assembly is connected; And

Wherein, the framework of described lower assembly is configured to support described short tube main body, and the framework of described upper assembly is configured to support the short sections of described upper assembly, and the framework of described kill-job reflux assembly is configured to support the short sections of described kill-job reflux assembly.

14. cappings according to claim 2, wherein, the described lower end of described short tube main body comprises that the hub shape thing being configured to facing up engages to form the prone holder that well head type is connected;

Wherein, the described upper end of described short tube main body comprises hub shape thing facing up, and described hub shape thing facing up and the prone holder of the coupling of lower end in described short sections engage to be connected forming well head type between described short tube main body and described short sections releasedly; And

Wherein, the described upper end of described short sections comprises and is configured to engage to form with prone holder the hub shape thing facing up that well head type is connected.

15. 1 kinds are discharged into the method for the subsea wellbore of seawater around for shutoff and/or exploitation by hydro carbons, wherein, well head is disposed in sea bed place at the upper end of described well, seabed BOP is installed to described well head, LMRP is installed to described BOP, and standpipe extends from described LMRP, described method comprises:

(a). select seabed landing position for one from described BOP, described LMRP or described well head;

(b). prepare described landing position to be connected to modularization capping, wherein, described capping comprises lower assembly and upper assembly, and described lower assembly comprises short tube main body, and described upper assembly comprises short sections;

(c). described lower assembly and described upper assembly are transported to offshore location;

(d). described lower assembly is dropped to seabed and described lower assembly is releasably connected to described landing position;

(e). described upper assembly is dropped to seabed and described upper assembly is releasably connected to described lower assembly;

(f). at (d) with (e), utilize afterwards described capping to close described well.

16. methods according to claim 15, wherein, the described short tube main body of described lower assembly has upper end, the lower end relative with described upper end, the first through hole that extends to described lower end from described upper end, the second through hole extending from described the first through hole, is arranged in the first short tube valve body described the second through hole and is arranged in the second short tube valve body in described the second through hole;

Wherein, the described short sections of described upper assembly there is upper end, the lower end relative with described upper end, from described upper end, extend to described lower end through hole, be arranged in the first short sections valve described through hole and be arranged in the second short sections valve in described through hole;

Wherein, the described upper end of described short tube main body is releasably connected to the described lower end of described short sections, and wherein, described first through hole of described short tube main body is communicated with the described through hole fluid of described short sections.

17. methods according to claim 16, further comprise:

At (d), open before described the first short tube valve body and described the second short tube valve body; And

At (e), open before described the first short sections valve and described the second short sections valve.

18. methods according to claim 17, wherein (f) comprising:

(f1). close described the first short sections valve;

(f2). at (f1), close afterwards described the first short tube valve body.

19. methods according to claim 18, wherein (f) further comprises:

At (f1), close afterwards described the second short sections valve; And

At (f2), close afterwards described the second short tube valve body.

20. methods according to claim 18, further comprise:

At (f), make before at least a portion of hydrocarbon fluid flow through described the first through hole and described the second through hole;

At (f), make before at least a portion of described hydrocarbon fluid flow through the described through hole of described short sections;

At (f1), limiting afterwards described hydrocarbon fluid flows by the described through hole of described short sections;

At (f1), make afterwards at least a portion of described hydrocarbon fluid flow through described the second through hole; With

At (f2), limiting afterwards described hydrocarbon fluid flows by described the first through hole and described the second through hole.

21. methods according to claim 15, wherein, described LMRP has the upper end that comprises the standpipe flexible coupling being connected with described standpipe, and wherein, described seabed landing position is the standpipe adapter of described flexible coupling; And

Wherein, (b) comprising: at (d), from described standpipe flexible coupling, remove described standpipe before.

22. methods according to claim 21, further comprise:

Conversion short tube is dropped to seabed and described conversion short tube is connected to described standpipe flexible coupling; And

Wherein, (d) comprising: described lower assembly is dropped to seabed and described lower assembly is releasably connected to described conversion short tube.

23. methods according to claim 22, wherein, described conversion short tube there is longitudinal axis, upper end, comprise the lower end of muse shoe and be arranged in vertically described upper end and described muse shoe between annular flange.

24. methods according to claim 15, wherein, described seabed landing position is in the upper end of described BOP or the hub shape thing facing up of the upper end of described well head;

Wherein, (d) comprising: the prone holder of the lower end at described lower assembly is connected releasedly with described hub shape thing facing up.

25. methods according to claim 16, further comprise:

At (e), afterwards kill-job reflux assembly is dropped to seabed and described kill-job reflux assembly is releasably connected to described upper assembly.

26. methods according to claim 25, wherein, (f) further comprise:

To increase the weight of kill-job fluid is pumped in described well by described kill-job reflux assembly, described upper assembly and described lower assembly.

27. methods according to claim 25, further comprise:

(g). by described kill-job reflux assembly, exploit described hydro carbons.

28. methods according to claim 15, wherein, (c) comprising:

(c1). described lower assembly and described upper assembly are transported to the second terrestrial location from the first terrestrial location by air transport.

29. methods according to claim 27, wherein (c) further comprises:

(c2). described lower assembly and described upper assembly are transported to position on the bank from the second place; With

(c3). described lower assembly and described upper assembly are transported to offshore location by above water craft from position on the bank.

30. 1 kinds are discharged into the capping of the subsea wellbore of seawater around for shutoff by hydro carbons, and described capping comprises:

Be arranged in slidably the valve module in described the first through hole, wherein, described valve module comprises tubular body and the first short tube valve body, wherein, the through hole that described tubular body has the upper end of extending from described the first through hole, is arranged in lower end in described the first through hole and extends between the described upper end of described tubular body and described lower end;

Wherein, flowing of the through hole of fluid by described tubular body arranged and be configured to control to described the first short tube valve body along the through hole of described tubular body;

A plurality of annular seal assemblies between described short tube main body and described tubular body radially, wherein, each black box is configured to limit fluid flowing between described tubular body and described short tube main body.

31. cappings according to claim 30, wherein, the described short tube main body of described lower assembly further comprises:

The second through hole extending from described the first through hole;

Be arranged in the first valve in described the second through hole; And

Wherein, described the first valve in described the second through hole is configured to control flowing of described second through hole of fluid by described short tube main body.

32. cappings according to claim 31, wherein, described valve module further comprises the second short tube valve body, and flowing of the through hole of fluid by described tubular body arranged and be configured to control to described the second short tube valve body along the through hole of described tubular body;

Wherein, the described short tube main body of described lower assembly further comprises the second valve being arranged in described the second through hole;

Wherein, the described second valve in described the second through hole is configured to control flowing of described second through hole of fluid by described short tube main body.

33. cappings according to claim 31, further comprise ring insert, described ring insert be arranged in described the first through hole and be positioned at vertically described tubular body and the annular shoulder in described the first through hole between, wherein, the lower end of described tubular body is placed in the cylindrical recess in described insert.

34. cappings according to claim 30, further comprise the lid of arranging around the upper end of described tubular body, wherein, described lid have the hub shape thing comprising facing up upper end, comprise the lower end of prone hub shape thing and from described lower end, extend to the flow channel of described upper end;

Wherein, described flow channel is communicated with the through hole fluid of described tubular body.

35. cappings according to claim 34, further comprise the annular coupling member around the lower end of described lid and the upper end of described short tube main body layout, wherein, described coupling member has the upper end that comprises holder facing up and the lower end that comprises prone holder;

Wherein, at the described prone hub shape thing of the lower end of described lid, engage releasedly the described holder of the upper end that is positioned at described coupling member, and at the hub shape thing facing up of the upper end of described short tube main body, engage releasedly the described holder of the lower end that is positioned at described coupling member.

36. cappings according to claim 31, wherein, described the second through hole has and intersects first end with described the first through hole and away from the second end of described the first through hole, wherein, described second end of described the second through hole is connected to choke valve.

37. cappings according to claim 36, wherein, described lower assembly further comprises the fluid line extending from described choke valve, wherein, described fluid line has and is connected to the first end of described choke valve and away from the second end of described choke valve, and wherein, the second end of described fluid line comprises the hub shape thing facing up that is configured to engage releasedly with the prone holder mating.

38. cappings according to claim 31, wherein, described first through hole of described short tube main body is configured to provide the full hole path with respect to described well.

39. cappings according to claim 35, wherein, described lower assembly, described valve module, described lid and described coupling member each to be all configured to be air portable.

40. according to the capping described in claim 39, and wherein, described lower assembly has the first weight, and described valve module has the second weight;

Wherein, described the first weight and described the second weight sum are less than 120 tons.