CN103582560B

CN103582560B - Lighting apparatus with electroluminescent diode

Info

Publication number: CN103582560B
Application number: CN201280028197.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A.吉朗; A.蒙热尔蒙; 张经维
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date: 2011-06-09
Filing date: 2012-06-06
Publication date: 2018-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-06
Also published as: CN103582560A; FR2976340A1; EP2718100A1; FR2976340B1; WO2012168647A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of lighting apparatus comprising there are two opposite main faces at least one tool（20,21）The side and（22）Glass sheet（2,2A,2B）, provide illumination functions electroluminescent diode（3）With ensure in the main face of the first or second（21）One of on light extraction diffusing device（4）The one or more lighting areas of diffusing device definition, the diffusing device does not cover the whole of the first glass sheet according to full surface, and the equipment is characterized in that the diffusing device with the enamel more than 15, preferably larger or equal than 20 or 30 brightness.

Description

Lighting apparatus with electroluminescent diode

Technical field

The present invention relates to the lighting apparatus by means of electroluminescent diode as light source.

Background technology

Electroluminescent diode or DEL（English LED）It is initially used to constitute the indicator light or letter of Electrical and Electronic instrument Signal lamp and ensure such as motor vehicles signal device always in recent years（signalisation）Lamp（Directional light）Signal dress Install the illumination of standby or portable lamp or beacon.

Recently, using being developed for illuminating, especially for substitution halogen incandescent bulb.

Thus illumination glassing is known as lighting system equipped with DEL, and the DEL is disposed in glassing Side（tranche）On.

In order to extract the light guided in glass, the DEL lighting apparatus includes light diffusing device, and the light diffusing device is logical Glass is crossed to sandblast（sablage）Or acidification（acidage）And it obtains.However, the implementation embrittlement glass, in addition, extraction performance is not It is always satisfactory, also not persistently.

Invention content

The purpose of the present invention is described new therefore that a kind of new lighting apparatus based on DEL on glass side of proposal Lighting apparatus does not present then existing when providing enough luminous efficiencies in the case of no dazzle, about its light diffusing device The shortcomings that technology.

According to the present invention, lighting apparatus or light source include at least one having opposite the first and second main faces and side The first glass sheet（feuille de verre）, provide illumination functions and wherein light emitting surface is optically coupled to the The side of one glass sheet is to form light guide（guide de lumière）Electroluminescent diode and ensure to be guided Light（lumière guidée）Extraction and the diffusing device on one of being disposed in the main face of the first or second, it is described unrestrained The one or more lighting areas of injection device definition, the diffusing device do not cover the face of the first glass sheet according to full surface All, and the diffusing device is with the brightness more than 15（brillance）Enamel.

It is known that measuring brightness by reflectometer or brightness instrument, its value is expressed with bright unit.

Lighting area is that the areas Guang Conggai are extracted area to glass outer, and correspond to enamel and the glass on enamel opposite Sheet surface, and area adjacent with enamel in the similar face of glass sheet is referred to as dark space.

Thus, it is adapted by the illumination of DEL, by the glass sheet illumination of its side and as diffusing device And the combination utilized for forming the enamel of one or more lighting patterns is become clear, homogeneity and the not illumination of dazzle.

Enamel surfaces relative to inside glass are constituted for being emitted by glass side and passed in thickness of glass The diffusing reflection surface for the light broadcast.Light is thus reflected on the direction in the face opposite with the face equipped with enamel of glass sheet, The face of the glass sheet.

The enamel be not required cover glass surface all for ensure illuminate homogeney.Similarly, by quilt The light that the DEL being placed on glass side is emitted not with its all and by being extracted from the immediate pattern in glass side, and It is on the contrary, continuing to propagate in the thickness of glass along the direction for being parallel to the main face of substrate, until ensuring under additional reflection One possible pattern.

Preferably, the enamel has the brightness more than or equal to 20 or 30.

According to a feature, the enamel has the optical density (OD) for being at least 0.6, even at least 0.8.It is known that borrowing Help densimeter to measure optical density (OD).

According to the present invention, the brightness and/or optical density value of enamel make it possible to provide cleaning resistance to enough with it is mar-proof Glass surface.

The equipment has at least equal to 1000cd/m², preferably at least equal to 2000cd/m², even 3000cd/m²'s Brightness.

Advantageously, in one or more of lighting areas（Relative to glassy surface side and/or in the face with enamel Side）In, illumination is lambert's type（And it is non-directional along light propagation axis）.Thus, brightness has the following advantages, no matter that is, Viewing angle, the brightness are essentially equal.Selected enamel caused in lighting area brightness at normal and The absolute value deviation being included between the brightness at the angle between 0 and 45 °, even 60 °, the absolute value deviation are less than extremely Few 30%, even 20% or 10%.

According to a feature, when the equipment only includes single glass sheet material, equipped with the sheet glass face structure of enamel At main with formation equipment（It is even unique）The opposite face in the face of illuminated area, the brightness L2 of opposite face is at most primary illumination face 0.8 times of brightness L1, be even up to 0.6 times of brightness L1.

Advantageously, enamel is scratch resistant, especially not by a diameter of 0.75 in the case of the 10 N even power of 20 N The tip of mm（pointe）Application scratch, such as tungsten carbide.

The enamel is also resistance to cleaning products, especially soap, alcohol and ammonium hydroxide in chemistry, especially in cleaning Afterwards without color change, particularly there is the ratio colo(u)r bias Delta E less than 1.4.

It is for the formula than colo(u)r bias：。

When lighting apparatus is formed by by monolithic glass, using will more suitably be used on side even edge The special illumination of single side, the side are the sides in the face opposite with the face equipped with enamel.In fact, equipped with the face ratio of enamel Opposite face extracts lower light quantity, be especially about its 1/2.

Implement in modification at one, the lighting apparatus constitutes multiple glassing, this outsourcing of the multiple glassing Include the second glass sheet and the inner space between the first and second sheet materials, inner face of the enamel in the first glass sheet On.

In another implementation modification, lighting apparatus constitutes stratiform glassing, and layered glassing includes first Glass sheet, the second glass sheet and plastic（It is transparent）Intermediate sheet, the enamel are disposed in the inside of stratiform, On the face opposite with plastic sheet of one glass sheet, the diode for example centered on the side of stratiform glassing or with First sheet material, the side of even the second sheet material are opposite.

Layered glass system lighting apparatus in response to security needs in some applications for being necessary.

In addition, the application of the lighting apparatus based on laminated glazing can be preferably as it is obtained for two sidelights The suitable lightening of extraction.In fact, inventor it has been shown that from according to the present invention being disposed on one of glass surface and Enamel associated with the plastic layer of layering is ensured, the light quantity extracted is identical for every side of equipment.

The plastics of intermediate sheet are known type, such as flexible polyurethane（PU）, the thermoplastic that is not plasticized, it is described The thermoplastic not being plasticized such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer（EVA）, polyvinyl butyral（PVB）, polyethylene and third Olefin(e) acid copolymer, such as by DuPont in Butacite^®It is being sold under one's name or sold by Solutia companies.Modeling The sheet material of material system has the thickness for example between 0.2mm and 1.1mm, especially 0.38 and 0.76mm.Other plastics can be by It utilizes, such as such as polyethylene（PE）, polypropylene（PP）Polyolefin, PEN or PVC or ionomer resin.

Preferably, it is presented thereon less than 45%, even less than 40% or even less than 35% added with the first glass sheet of enamel Light transmission, the light transmission in English by means of being referred to as " Hazemeter "（Hazemeter）Measuring instrument be measured.

The thickness of enamel is adapted, preferably no more than 100 μm, to play it in the case that light absorbing too much Reflector effect for the light.Thickness is preferably included between 8 μm and 40 μm, e.g. 15 μm of the order of magnitude.

The thickness of one or more of glass sheets is Commonly Used Size, is 3 or 4mm.The thickness is answered for certain With it is of course possible to be bigger, and reach the thickness of the order of magnitude of 10 or 12mm.

The enamel preferably in the whole in the first glass sheet face, discontinuously or according to being dispersed in song And/or geometry on straight line and extend.

It is envisioned that the different pattern for placing enamel on glass sheet（motif）.Pattern can be it is single and And it is repeated as many times the whole for cover glass sheet material.

The enamel is, for example, to divide shape（fractale）Geometry.

According to another feature, the enamel discontinuously extends and delimit the boundary of dark space, and the dark space is especially Be dispersed in geometry pattern bent and/or on straight line, especially at least for centimetre length（Large-size）.

Advantageously, lighting area is uniformly to mix colours（aplat）Enamel（It is thus opposite with the dot pattern net of millimeter vertex type Ground is complete section）, length especially at least centimetre（Larger size）.

Lighting area can cover the part on surface, thus reserve at least one first dark space, that is to say, that non-illumination area, In clear area（Clear glass pane etc.）Or by it is opaque and/or coloring coating, especially again or for example by by oxidation protect The silver-plated portion that vernix is covered selects the dark space among being formed by echo area, especially minute surface.

The minute surface is the SGG Miralite products of such as SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS companies, has oxidation protection Paint, the silver-plated portion of wherein minute surface are placed on face identical with enamel or on opposite sides.As modification, the minute surface is base In chromium, the SGG Mirastar products of such as SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS companies, wherein chromium is in the glass surface for being loaded with enamel On the upper or face opposite with the face for being loaded with enamel.

Maximum width can be preferably less than 200mm, be even less than or be equal to 100mm, important in particular for reserving Dark space surface is somebody's turn to do wherein the width corresponds to（In the form of being possible to）The minimal surface size of lighting area.The width It is constant or variable.

Lighting area can be the external zones in the face of the first glass sheet, more particularly along at least one edge of glass surface And according to for example, at least a band or lines（dessin）, and dark space is more central（And it is farther from diode）, and/or The equipment includes the multiple lighting areas being distributed on a face of the first glass sheet.

In the case of the ornamental area for dark space, preferably the area is farther from diode according to area pellucida, to avoid Light absorption.

As modification, lighting area can be in the given area of glass, and the given area is such as central area, and dark space can be with It is more peripheral.

Enamel can be the pantostrat on surface, and width is less than 200mm, is even less than 100mm and still more preferably Less than or equal to 50mm or discontinuous and by fine pattern collection（ensemble de motifs fins）It is formed, it is wide Degree（The minimum dimension of pattern）Less than 200mm, it is even less than 100mm and still more preferably less than or equal to 50mm.

The pattern is such as geometry：Straight line or curved bel, concentric circles, L-shaped etc..The pattern is identical or different , it is parallel or non-parallel between each other, there is identical or different distance between each other.

According to another feature, enamel is white, and at least 50 clear degree L is presented^*.It is known by parameter L^*、a^*And b^*Institute The enamel color of definition is measured by spectrocolorimeter.

According to a feature, enamel has consisting of：

-SiO₂Weight between 20 and 60%,

Especially TiO₂, especially particle size fire-resistant admixture（pigment）Weight be 10 to 45%,

The weight of aluminium oxide and/or zinc oxide is preferably not more than 20%.

In preferable example, composition is as follows：

-SiO₂Weight between 20 and 60%, it is therefore preferable to 45% order of magnitude,

-TiO₂Weight be 10 to 45%, it is therefore preferable to 20% order of magnitude,

The weight of-ZnO is not more than 10%, it is therefore preferable to 5% order of magnitude,

-Al₂O₃Weight be not more than 10%, it is therefore preferable to 3% order of magnitude,

The weight of one or more oxides is until 30%, such as 5 to 25% Na₂O, at most 5% K₂O's and at most 5% CaO。

Preferably, enamel is deposited over by silk-screen printing and/or by ink-jet on the first glass sheet.

After being deposited, enamel is subjected to the roasting between 640 and 710 DEG C of temperature in stove so that the first sheet glass Material reaches the temperature being included between 630 and 700 DEG C.

It is preferred that adjusting the temperature of roasting for reaching preferably at least 15, even 20 and or 30（Bright unit）Light Degree.

Advantageously, the diode be placed so that the side by the first glass sheet, along two opposite parallel sides by Injection light.As an example, the diode can be placed in the whole such as the side of frame of glass substrate.

According to another feature of equipment, the equipment includes the proximate matter with the slot for being useful for fixed diode, the type Material is relatively disposed with side and is connected to glass sheet.

Advantageously, when measure be under D65 illuminators, on the glass sheet of the parallel surface with 4mm thickness it is performed When, the first glass sheet is based on the light transmissive glass with strong, at least 85%.Preferably, it will be related to being referred to as surpassing Clear glass, the DIAMANT being such as commercialized by SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS companies^®Glass or solar energy DIAMANT^®Glass Glass.

Especially it deposited the formula for enamel（formulation）（Preparing glass charge（fritte）Etc.）Later, The glass of equipment can be quenched, for rendering better mechanical strength.

It can be designed to obtain the pattern of beautiful effect according to one or more to be distributed the enamel.It can be such as Imagine the calligraphy that its printing corresponds to picture, such as one or more words.

The lighting apparatus of the present invention is used for example as function light source and is used for all types of purposes.As an example, dress Glazing is used for：

The glassing of building such as illuminates building surface, illuminating window, ceiling light, illumination floor or wall, is equipped with glass Illumination door, illumination partition board, lighting ceiling, the step of stair, handrail, guardrail, the sales counter of glass,

Haulage vehicle, the side window glass such as illuminated or the illumination top for being equipped with glass or illuminating window or rear auto window, assembly There is the illumination door of glass, especially specific transport, such as automobile, truck or public transportation, such as train, subway, rail Electric car, bus be waterborne or aerial vehicle（Aircraft）,

Road or city illumination,

The glassing of city movable property, such as the assembly of bus shelter, guardrail, display rack, show window, screen work, greenhouse There is the lighting part of glass,

The glassing of internal furnishings, such as the illumination wooden partition in bathroom, illuminate minute surface, furniture be equipped with glass Lighting part,

The part for being equipped with glass of household or profession refrigeration equipment, especially door, the screen work for being equipped with glass, lid.

For partition board, screen work, shop or company place show window illumination, enamel and the transparent surface for being equipped with glass The geometry of combination advantageously correspond to the mark of company.

Enamel according to the present invention presents the advantage that, is lasting, mar-proof and chemically-resistant product.So conception Lighting apparatus both suitable for indoor and outdoors.

Description of the drawings

The example of the scope of the invention is limited by no means by means of only explanation now and is described according to appended explanation The present invention, wherein：

- Fig. 1 to 3 indicates being applied respectively according to one of monolithic glass, laminated glazing and dual glassing, of the invention Equipment schematic cross-sectional view；

- Fig. 4 a to 4d illustrate the diagrammatic top view of the phase strain type for arranging enamel；

- Fig. 5 a to 5f are the vertical views of the equipment of the present invention, show the example of the different pattern for enamel layer；

- Fig. 6 illustrates the brightness curve of the example and two comparative example for the present invention.

Specific implementation mode

Fig. 1 to 3 illustrates that the lighting apparatus of the present invention or the schematic views of light source 1, the lighting apparatus or light source 1 include extremely The sheet material or substrate 2 of a few glass system, the electroluminescent diode for constituting light emitting source and being relatively arranged with glass side （DEL）3 and the light diffusing device 4 that is made of enamel.

The lighting apparatus of Fig. 1 includes monolithic glass, and the laminated devices of Fig. 2 include two glass substrate 2A and 2B, described Two glass substrate 2A and 2B are assembled by plastic interlayer 6, such as PVB sheet of the plastic interlayer 6.

The equipment of Fig. 3, as dual glassing or insulation glassing, including by air gap（lame de gaz）7 divide From two glass substrates 2A and 2B, wherein gap is realized by spacer 8.

Each glass substrate 2,2A or 2B have two usually opposite faces 20 and 21 and side 22.

According to the present invention, DEL 3 is placed so that along arrow F illustrated in Fig. 1, preferably opposite flat along two Its light is injected up by row side in the side of glass side.

The DEL is put into proximate matter（profilé）In 5, the proximate matter 5 herein number be two, respectively with substrate side it One is associated, and in the U-shaped lateral cross section for turning now to glass substrate.

It realizes in a known way and is attached to proximate matter 5（It is one or more）Glass substrate.Herein, the U of each proximate matter with it is right The glass sheet answered overlaps mutually.

Illuminate the size of glassing（Length and width）It is suitable for thus generated purposes, and the number of diode It is thus to depend on the size.

Illumination glassing can cover any geometry for being suitable for desired design, therefore be not necessarily and be based on Rectangular or square.

The DEL 3 is placed in by plate-laying（barrette）On the carrier 30 as one kind constituted or on a printed circuit.Nothing It is named as PCB in English by known to the carrier in the form of plate or plate-laying, is printed circuit board（Printed Circuit Board）Abbreviation.

Each proximate matter 5 includes that slot 50 secures the carrier 30 as one kind of DEL, the connection due to linking device in the slot 50 Device depends on used carrier type.

Each diode 3 is opposite with glass side 22 and preferably in adjacent place immediately, the separation of such as 1mm away from From.

According to the present invention, diffusing device 4 be placed with against the face of one of glass 2 or laminated devices glass 2A it One.

For monolithic glass, diffusing device 4 is disposed on the face 21 relative to face 20, and light has from the face 20, basis It is the diffusion of lambert's type sharply（In Fig. 1 by ball G symbolic indications, wherein observer is opposite with the face 20）And it is extracted.

In fact, according to the present invention, selected enamel allows lambert's class by its inherent feature, particularly its brightness The light diffusion of type, the not special any specific direction of light diffusion of lambert's type, no matter but on the contrary, viewing angle It is diffused on all directions in space, observer is made to obtain the illumination of homogeneity in space.

On the one hand enamel constitutes diffusing reflection surface by its surface 40 opposite with the face 21 of glass, in contra It is reflected to a part of light in face 20 upwards, and on the other hand constitutes diffusing transmission surface, for from enamel towards glass outer Another part light passed through.

It for laminated devices, is disposed on glass substrate 2A or 2B to 4 indistinction of diffusing device, however the diffusion fills It sets 4 to be disposed between for face 21 associated with PVB, that is, is placed in inside lighting apparatus rather than relative to outer On one of the glass surface in portion.

Diffusing device need not be simultaneously on the face 21 of the first substrate 2A and on the face 21 of the second substrate 2B.Invention people's will Other places shows that it is not stronger thus to illuminate（important）.

It is such as placed on the single face of glass and in the inside of stratiform, is extracted from the face 20 of the first substrate 2A Light quantity is identical as the light quantity in face 20 from the second substrate 2B.

Stratiform lighting apparatus thus presents the advantage that, i.e., is all illuminated as much from each of which face.

According to the present invention, therefore diffusing device 4 is made of enamel, the enamel not cover glass piece according to full surface The whole of material, the enamel especially discontinuously or according to the geometry of dispersion are arranged, the geometric form of the dispersion Shape is referred to as enamel pattern.

The thickness of enamel is included between 10 μm and 50 μm, e.g. 15 μm of the order of magnitude.

The enamel is preferably very white.Its clear degree L^*Preferably at least 50.

In the apparatus, lighting area corresponds to enamel layer and corresponding to the glass surface opposite with enamel, however dark space Corresponding to the surface adjacent with enamel, the surface belongs to the glass surface for depositing enamel on it.

Lighting area can cover the part on surface, thus reserve at least one first dark space, that is to say, that non-illumination area, In clear area（Clear glass pane etc.）Or the area decorated by opaque and/or coloring coating is again or for example by being aoxidized The silver-plated portion that protective paint is covered selects the dark space among being formed by mirror area, wherein the silver-plated portion is deposited over outside On face.

One or more of dark spaces should not interfere with the guiding in glass.

The lighting area can be peripheral, especially along the edge of glassing, and dark space is more central, or anti- It is as the same.

The placement or positioning of enamel will be depending on by the illumination applications as target.It is being not intended to be exhaustive and is making For example, Fig. 4 a to 4d show different arrangements.

In fig.4,（Grey is formed by dotted line）Enamel 4 is distributed according to external surrounding frame, and central area is dark.It is described Dark space can be transparent and/or minute surface or decoration.

Fig. 4 b show the enamel 4 in central area, and dark space is the transparent and/or mirror area of periphery.The enamel can be in It is now mark, characteristic（signalétique）Etc. form.

Fig. 4 c show that Liang Ge enamel area 4, described two enamel areas 4 correspond to the lighting strip that such as width is 40mm, and The rest part on surface（Dark space）It is transparent.

Fig. 4 d illustrate the application for illuminating door（The Commonly Used Size of door, 2460mm multiply 960mm）, enamel 4 is according within each other Multiple frames and be distributed, different in width is presented in each frame.The pattern obtains frid（moulure）The appearance of type.

Fig. 5 a to 5e show the non-limit of the pattern of the enamel realized on the glass sheet of 1200mm × 300mm sizes 4 Property example processed.The pattern of enamel 4（Lighting area）Corresponding to the black color pattern in Fig. 5 a to 5e.

On the contrary, in Fig. 5 f, the area not covered by enamel corresponds to black color pattern, and white colour area corresponds to enamel Thinkling sound 4.

Bent or straight line is presented in the pattern, has variable-width and length.Any geometry can be presented in the pattern. Each glass sheet may include single pattern, and the single pattern, which is similarly reappeared, is repeatedly used for cover glass surface.

Interval between the enamel pattern is adapted to the size of glass sheet.The size of glass sheet is bigger, then It is preferably not make pattern too close, it is propagated relative to whole surface so as to light and continuously reaches each pattern.

The enamel partly can continuously and completely extend, example on glass according at least one uniform toning As its width is less than 200mm, is even less than 100mm and is still more preferably less than or is equal to 50mm.

As modification, enamel layer can be discontinuous, be extended on all or part of glass surfaces, and described Enamel layer is formed by following uniform toning collection, and the uniform toning collection forms narrow and for example extended pattern.Each pattern In following surface, the minimum dimension on the surface is less than 200mm, is even less than 100mm and is still more preferably less than or waits In 50mm.

Be reproduced in the whole of glass surface by with equidistant interval, the pattern can be it is identical and It is such as illustrated in figs. 5 a and 5 b.

As an example, the pattern of Fig. 5 a is located in following surface, the width on the surfaceFor the figure of 29mm and Fig. 5 b The width of 63mm is presented in case.Spacing distance between two neighboring pattern is equal to 38mm on the longitudinal direction of substrate（The d1 of Fig. 5 a） Or correspondingly equal to 72.5mm（The d2 of Fig. 5 b）.

Fig. 5 c show another example that pattern is formed by by circular arc, the circular arc from substrate edge center direction On be removed and be concentric.The pattern can extend on entire glass surface.In this implementation, the circular arc presentation can Trapezoidal（Reduced size）And its spacing distance is also variable.As an example, relative to Fig. 5 c, reference dimension is as follows , the width and spacing distance of circular arc reduce on the direction in the center of circle：=19mm,=29mm, d3=84mm, d4=55mm, d5=10mm。

Fig. 5 d and 5f also illustrate respectively be in variable size rectangle, it is in striped or in by not enameled cross it is separated Square other pattern forms.

The enamel can be deposited on a glass substrate.Its composition is for example as follows：

SiO between 20 and 50%₂, it is therefore preferable to 45% order of magnitude,

- 10 to 40% TiO₂, it is therefore preferable to 20% order of magnitude,

It is not more than 10% ZnO, it is therefore preferable to 5% order of magnitude,

It is not more than 10% Al₂O₃, it is therefore preferable to 3% order of magnitude,

Until 20% one or more oxides, such as 5 to 20% Na₂O, at most 5% K₂The CAO of O and at most 5%.

As the example of enamel composition, it can quote and be named as Ferro 194002 by what FERRO companies were commercialized Enamel, and it is with consisting of：

- 43.84% SiO₂,

- 23.51% TiO₂,

- 6.11% ZnO,

- 2.81% Al₂O₃,

- 18.71% Na₂O,

- 2.51% K₂O,

- 1.85% CaO.

The enamel by be deposited by silk-screen printing and/or by ink-jet and by being subjected to calcination steps in the usual way It is associated with glass.

As the example for product F erro 194002, roasting condition is as follows：

The temperature of stove：Between 640 and 710 DEG C, it is therefore preferable to 680 DEG C of the order of magnitude,

The temperature of glass substrate：Between 630 and 700 DEG C, it is therefore preferable to 660 DEG C of the order of magnitude,

It is used for the heating time that the possibility of glass quenches after firing：135s.

Preparing glass charge（SiO₂）And fire-resistant admixture（TiO₂Or ZnO）Ratio will advantageously be combined for improving enamel Fusibleness and to contribute to form density sufficiently large（Or low-porosity）Material.The density allow enamel especially fulfil its by light to The optimal function of outside diffusion.

It has been carried out and compares test for porous relative to being each provided with（Especially there is high alumina content 's）The different glass equipments of different enamel show the photograph in the equipment of the present invention including 194002 enamel of Ferro Bright performance.For the example and comparative example of the present invention, the enamel is distributed according to identical set.

Comparative example 1 includes 30% preparing glass charge and 70% aluminium oxide.

Comparative example 2 includes 60% preparing glass charge and 40% aluminium oxide.

The viscosity of layer is suitable for being deposited by silk-screen printing.

Used glass substrate is the diamond of the 3mm thickness of Saint-Gobain glass in testing （Diamant）Glass.

By being provided the light on the one hand being used to extract from 20 side of the face of glass by monolithic glass and being on the other hand used for Exist from the light extracted equipped with 21 side of face of enamel of glass（Glass normal）With cd/m at 0 °²For the average bright of unit The measurement of degree, Table I below illustrate comparative example：

Table I

	Ferro 194002	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
				20 side of glass surface	2000	1200	1000
Equipped with 21 side of face of enamel	1100	1040	900

It was found that illuminate the illumination for being about arbitrary enamel twice in the case of the enamel of the present invention is bright.

By for laminated glazing provide on the one hand for equipped with enamel glass and on the other hand for other glass use In the light extracted in external place of the laminated devices per side with cd/m²For the measurement of the maximum brightness of unit, Table II below Illustrate comparative example：

Table II

	Ferro 194002	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2
				For the face 20 of the glass equipped with enamel	2070	1600	830
For the face 20 of exposed glass	1970	1640	820

Herein, also for laminated devices, illumination significantly improving according to the coefficient between 1.2 and 2.5 is found.

From the present invention equipment illumination thus it is especially bright, while being homogeneity and very not dazzling.

In addition, the diffusion of lambert's type is presented in the equipment of the present invention, that is to say, that no matter the viewing angle on illumination surface, bright Degree is substantial constant.

Thus, Fig. 6 illustrates the maximum brightness of each equipment according to the viewing angle between 0 and 60 °.It was found that the present invention The brightness of equipment be substantial constant, in about 6000cd/m², and the brightness is for comparative example then angle according to the observation The size of degree and improve.

Finally, the exemplary above equipment of the present invention advantageously present be comparative example 20 times of high brightness of brightness, And the optical density (OD) of bigger, it obtains for cleaning and for the greater tolerance of cut.Table III below is the example of the present invention Summarize about brightness, the compatibility of optical density (OD) and cleaning products, " cut " test, color measuring with comparative example 1（L^*、 a^*、b^*）Multiple values.

Make it possible to the chemical resistance for evaluating enamel to three races's household products with clean compatibility test：Soap（Such as Conventional soap based on potassium oleate）, alcohol（Such as ethyl alcohol）And ammonium hydroxide（Such as Vigor products）.Such as at least by sample quenching 30 minutes, even at least 1 hour.

It realizes before and after testing on the one hand on the level equipped with the face of enamel and on the other hand in opposite face On glass colour measure（L^*、a^*、b^*）.The face of enamel is measured by the spectrocolorimeter of such as Minolta CM600D instruments Color.

Apply there while by means of being moved on enamel and each tip for testing the power being equal is realized " cut " is tested or is tested the patience of cut.Using the hardometer pen sold by Elcometer, with 0.75mm diameters , tip by tungsten carbide.

Optical density (OD) is measured by means of Tobias TQ densimeters.With the MICRO-TRI- from Byk-Gardner GLOSS 4430 brightness instrument measures brightness：

Table III

In " cut " test, after the tip is passed through, it should be visible without any cut in enamel surfaces.So And in the case where the power applied is 10N, cut is visible in comparative example 1.For 10N and even 20N power, On enamel according to the present invention, it is visible without any cut.

In addition, intuitively observing wettability of the water on enamel by means of being impregnated with the cotton of distilled water.Relative to enamel Thinkling sound, comparative example 1 have excessively poor wettability, water penetration and leave blotch on enamel.

The example and comparative example of the present invention is subjected to the test with cleaning products compatibility.What is be proved is with enamel The equipment of " Ferro 194002 "（The example of the present invention）Resistance to soap, ethanol-tolerant and resistance to ammonium hydroxide（Delta E is less than 1.4）, and compare Compared with 1 ethanol-tolerant of example, but according to grayish color is transformed into, outward appearance change is presented when being contacted with soap（Delta E= 2.6）, and outward appearance change is presented when being contacted with ammonium hydroxide（Delta E=6.3）.Remind be, it is known that according to cleaning test Before and after to L^*、a^*、b^*Measurement calculate Delta E.If Delta E is more than 1.4, color change is visible.

The equipment that the other examples of enamel composition can be reserved for the present invention：The quilt being commercialized by FERRO companies It is named as the enamel of Ferro 194011, the reference AF5000 being commercialized by JM companies, the reference being commercialized by Pemco VV30-244-1.Table IV below summarizes the key component of each enamel：

Such as above expressed, its all importance are presented in the brightness and property of inventor's verified composition.

Brightness is lower, and enamel is more porous after firing and therefore easily absorbs water so that the enamel is more degradable.

Spike TiO₂So that enamel is opaque enough（For visualizing enamel in off status）And reduce TL.

Thus, example of the invention（Ferro 194011, Ferro 194002 and JM AF 5000, Pemco VV30- 244-1 RA）It is very white, there is the brightness more than 20 and the low light transmission less than 40% is presented.Ferro 194011, Ferro 194002 and JM AF 5000 has the light transmission TL less than 35%.

Claims

1. a kind of lighting apparatus comprising at least one that there are the first and second opposite main faces（20,21）The side and（22） The first glass sheet, illumination functions and wherein light emitting surface is optically coupled to form the first glass sheet of light guide are provided Side（22）Electroluminescent diode（3）And ensures the extraction of guided light and be disposed in first or second master Want one of face（21）On diffusing device（4）, the one or more lighting areas of diffusing device definition, the diffusing device do not press The whole in the face of the first glass sheet is covered according to full surface, it is characterised in that the diffusing device is with the light more than 15 The enamel of brightness, no matter wherein viewing angle, brightness are essentially equal.

2. lighting apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the enamel has the light more than or equal to 20 Degree.

3. lighting apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the enamel has the light more than or equal to 30 Degree.

4. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel is at least 0.6 Optical density (OD).

5. lighting apparatus according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the optical density (OD) is at least 0.8.

6. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel is scratch resistant.

7. lighting apparatus according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the enamel with 10N power by not applying tip quilt It scratches.

8. lighting apparatus according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the enamel with 20N power by not applying tip quilt It scratches.

9. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel is chemically resistance to clear Clean product.

10. lighting apparatus according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the cleaning products include soap, alcohol and ammonia Water.

11. lighting apparatus according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the enamel is after the cleaning without color change.

12. lighting apparatus according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the enamel has the ratio colo(u)r bias less than 1.4 Delta E.

13. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the equipment have at least equal to 1000cd/m²Brightness.

14. lighting apparatus according to claim 13, which is characterized in that the brightness is at least equal to 2000cd/m²。

15. lighting apparatus according to claim 13, which is characterized in that the brightness is at least equal to 3000cd/m²。

16. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel makes in lighting area In, the brightness at normal and the absolute value deviation between the brightness at the angle being included between 0 and 45 ° are less than 30%.

17. lighting apparatus according to claim 16, which is characterized in that the angle is between 0 and 60 °.

18. lighting apparatus according to claim 16, which is characterized in that the absolute value deviation is 20% or 10%.

19. lighting apparatus according to claim 16, which is characterized in that obtain the illumination of lambert's type.

20. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the lighting apparatus only includes list One glass sheet（2）, face of the glass sheet equipped with enamel（21）Constitute the face with the main illuminated area for forming equipment （20）Opposite face.

21. lighting apparatus according to claim 20, which is characterized in that the illuminated area of the equipment is uniquely to illuminate Face.

22. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the lighting apparatus constitutes multiple Glassing, the multiple glassing include the second glass sheet and the inside sky between the first and second sheet materials in addition Between, the enamel is on the inner face of the first glass sheet.

23. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the lighting apparatus constitutes stratiform Glassing, layered glassing include the first glass sheet, the second glass sheet and plastic intermediate sheet（6）, The enamel be disposed in nonwoven fabric from filaments inside, the first glass sheet and plastic sheet（6）Facing face（21）On.

24. lighting apparatus according to claim 23, which is characterized in that the diode is with the side of stratiform glassing Centered on or it is opposite with the side of the first sheet material.

25. lighting apparatus according to claim 23, which is characterized in that practise physiognomy the side of the diode and the second sheet material It is right.

26. according to the lighting apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the first glass sheet added with enamel is in Now it is less than 45% light transmission.

27. lighting apparatus according to claim 26, which is characterized in that the light transmission is less than 40%.

28. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the thickness of the enamel is no more than 100μm。

29. lighting apparatus according to claim 28, which is characterized in that the thickness of the enamel is included in 8 μm and 40 μ Between m.

30. lighting apparatus according to claim 28, which is characterized in that the thickness of the enamel is 15 μm of the order of magnitude.

31. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel discontinuously expands Exhibition.

32. lighting apparatus according to claim 31, which is characterized in that the enamel is in a face of the first glass sheet Whole on extend.

33. lighting apparatus according to claim 31, which is characterized in that the enamel is according to being dispersed in bent and/or straight line On geometry and extend.

34. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel discontinuously extends And delimit the boundary of dark space.

35. lighting apparatus according to claim 34, which is characterized in that the dark space is dispersed on bent and/or straight line Geometry pattern.

36. lighting apparatus according to claim 34, which is characterized in that the dark space has length at least centimetre.

37. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that lighting area is the enamel uniformly mixed colours Thinkling sound.

38. according to the lighting apparatus described in claim 37, which is characterized in that the lighting area has length at least centimetre.

39. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that lighting area and function dark space phase Neighbour, wherein selecting the function dark space among clear area, echo area and ornamental area.

40. lighting apparatus according to claim 39, which is characterized in that the echo area forms minute surface.

41. lighting apparatus according to claim 34, which is characterized in that periphery of the lighting area in the face of the first glass sheet Qu Zhong, the dark space be the more central and/or described lighting apparatus include be distributed in it is more on a face of the first glass sheet A lighting area.

42. lighting apparatus according to claim 41, which is characterized in that the lighting area is band or lines.

43. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel be it is white, By at least 50 clear degree L^*It is defined.

44. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel has with the following group At：

-SiO₂Weight between 20 and 60%,

The weight of fire-resistant admixture is 10 to 45%.

45. lighting apparatus according to claim 44, which is characterized in that the fire-resistant admixture includes TiO₂。

46. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel has with the following group At：

-SiO₂Weight between 20 and 60%,

-TiO₂Weight be 10 to 45%,

The weight of-ZnO is not more than 10%,

-Al₂O₃Weight be not more than 10%,

The weight of other one or more oxides is until 30%.

47. lighting apparatus according to claim 46, which is characterized in that SiO₂For 45% order of magnitude.

48. lighting apparatus according to claim 46, which is characterized in that TiO₂For 20% order of magnitude.

49. lighting apparatus according to claim 46, which is characterized in that the order of magnitude that ZnO is 5%.

50. lighting apparatus according to claim 46, which is characterized in that Al₂O₃For 3% order of magnitude.

51. lighting apparatus according to claim 46, which is characterized in that other described oxides include 5 to 25% Na₂O, At most 5% K₂The CaO of O and at most 5%.

52. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel passes through silk-screen printing And/or it is deposited on the first glass sheet by ink-jet.

53. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the enamel be deposited after, The roasting being subjected in stove between the temperature between 640 and 710 DEG C so that the first glass sheet, which reaches, is included in 630 Hes Temperature between 700 DEG C.

54. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that glass is quenched.

55. lighting apparatus according to claim 54, which is characterized in that the glass with enamel is quenched.

56. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that diode（3）It is placed so that Pass through the side of the first glass sheet（22）, along two opposite parallel sides and injection light.

57. lighting apparatus according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that when measurement is in D65 illuminators Under, executed on the glass sheet of the parallel surface with 4mm thickness when, the first glass sheet is based on strong, at least 85% light transmissive glass.

58. lighting apparatus according to claim 22, which is characterized in that the lighting apparatus is used as function light source.

59. lighting apparatus according to claim 58, which is characterized in that the glassing is used for：

The glassing of building,

Haulage vehicle,

Road or city illumination,

The glassing of city movable property,

The glassing of internal furnishings,

The part for being equipped with glass of household or profession refrigeration equipment.

60. lighting apparatus according to claim 59, which is characterized in that the glassing of the building includes that illumination is built Illumination door, illumination partition board, lighting ceiling, the stair built object plane, illuminating window, ceiling light, illumination floor or wall, be equipped with glass Step, handrail, guardrail or sales counter.

61. lighting apparatus according to claim 59, which is characterized in that the side window glass that the glassing be used to illuminate Glass or illumination top or illuminating window or rear auto window, the illumination door for being equipped with glass for being equipped with glass.

62. lighting apparatus according to claim 61, which is characterized in that the glassing is used for specific transport.

63. lighting apparatus according to claim 62, which is characterized in that the specific transport includes automobile, truck or public affairs Transport altogether.

64. lighting apparatus according to claim 63, which is characterized in that the public transportation includes train, subway, rail Electric car, bus, waterborne or air vehicle.

65. lighting apparatus according to claim 59, which is characterized in that the glassing of the city movable property includes public The lighting part for being equipped with glass of bus shelter, guardrail, display rack, show window, screen work or greenhouse.

66. lighting apparatus according to claim 59, which is characterized in that the glassing of furnishings includes inside described The illumination wooden partition in bathroom, the lighting part for being equipped with glass of illumination minute surface or furniture.

67. lighting apparatus according to claim 59, which is characterized in that the part for being equipped with glass includes door, dress Screen work, lid equipped with glass.

68. lighting apparatus according to claim 64, which is characterized in that the air vehicle includes aircraft.