CN103582355A - 用于保护壳的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于保护壳的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN103582355A
CN103582355A CN201310299832.3A CN201310299832A CN103582355A CN 103582355 A CN103582355 A CN 103582355A CN 201310299832 A CN201310299832 A CN 201310299832A CN 103582355 A CN103582355 A CN 103582355A
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compartment
microgrid
containment vessel
insulating layer
flexible insulating
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CN103582355B (zh
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D.L.米勒
G.克斯滕
W.A.弗罗斯特
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
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    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/30—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure
    • B65D85/38—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for articles particularly sensitive to damage by shock or pressure for delicate optical, measuring, calculating or control apparatus
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    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

本发明提供了用于保护壳的系统和方法。在至少一个实施例中，保护壳包括：柔性绝缘层，配置为阻止热能从柔性绝缘层的外侧到柔性绝缘层的内侧传导。保护壳还包括紧靠柔性绝缘层的内侧的微网格层，微网格层配置为使通过柔性绝缘层的热能分布得基本上遍及微网格层。保护壳进一步包括充入微网格层的热吸收材料，热吸收材料配置为吸收微网格层中的热能。

Description

用于保护壳的系统和方法
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请与下面的共同未决美国专利申请相关，据此其通过引用并入到本文中：
美国专利申请序号13/552,275（代理人案号H0034156-5438），名称为“SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROTECTING A FLIGHT RECORDER”，2012年7月18日提交，并且其在本文中被称为‘156申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于保护壳的系统和方法。
背景技术
某些环境和事件引起在正常环境中不存在的极端条件。尤其，某些环境和事件能引起该环境中的物体遭受极端震动、温度并暴露于液体，使得物体可能被损坏。例如，为了获得并保存数据（数据收集仪器为其而设计），易受环境中的极端力量影响的数据收集仪器可能需要通过这些极端环境。此外，有时人类可能需要通过可能潜在地是致命的极端环境。为了承受这些极端条件，物体可由相对易碎的绝缘材料和相对不可压缩的热吸收材料而与热绝缘。一般地，绝缘材料包围热吸收材料层，其中热吸收材料包围数据收集仪器。此外，在某些情形中，由于绝缘和热吸收材料的易碎性和不可压缩性，物体被围绕在大规格硬化钢中以对抗震动提供保护。
由于钢的重量，使用优化工艺来减少外壳的总的围绕体积和重量同时仍提供期望的对抗极端条件的保护。然而，针对结构坚固性的外壳几何形状的优化和对数据存储器件大小的实际限制导致绝缘和/或热吸收材料的不均匀分布。此外，在某些实施例中，钢外壳占围绕被保护物体的保护覆盖物重量的大约65%。
发明内容
提供了用于保护壳的系统和方法。在至少一个实施例中，保护壳包括：柔性绝缘层，配置为阻止热能从柔性绝缘层的外侧到柔性绝缘层的内侧传导。保护壳还包括紧靠柔性绝缘层的内侧的微网格层，微网格层配置为使通过柔性绝缘层的热能分布得基本上遍及微网格层。保护壳进一步包括充入（impregnate）微网格层的热吸收材料，热吸收材料配置为吸收微网格层中的热能。
附图说明
通过下面参照附图的描述，本发明的特征对于本领域技术人员来说将变得显而易见。理解到附图仅描绘通常的实施例并且因此不认为在范围上限制，通过附图的使用，本发明将以额外的明确性和详细性进行描述，其中：
图1是示出根据一个实施例的保护壳截面的框图；
图2是示出根据一个实施例的用于构建微网格层的桁架元件的部件的简图；
图3是示出根据一个实施例的保护壳截面的框图；和
图4是根据一个实施例的用于构建保护壳的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在下面的详细描述中，实施例被充分详细地描述以使得本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。应理解的是，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下可利用其他的实施例。因此，下面的详细描述不要以限制的意义理解。
本公开的实施例提供用于对在具有极端条件（诸如在飞机灾难期间存在的极端条件）的环境中的物体提供保护的方法和系统。
图1是示出根据一个实施例的保护壳100的组件的简图。保护壳100包括在极端环境中在保护隔间102内提供保护的组件。例如，保护壳100能为数据收集仪器（诸如用于飞行数据记录仪、科学仪器或保险箱的存储单元）提供保护。当保护壳100为用于飞行数据记录仪的存储单元提供保护时，在存储单元的正常操作期间，存储单元连接到延伸穿过保护壳100的通信电缆。在替代的实施方式中，当保护壳100为数据收集仪器提供保护时，容纳在保护隔间102内的仪器的部分连接到数据收集仪器的在保护壳100外部的外部部分。因为在保护隔间102内的物体可能容易受到由震动、热和暴露于液体引起的损坏，所以保护壳100包括阻止热和震动影响在保护隔间内侧的物体的保护结构。例如，如图1中图示，保护壳100可以包括内部金属微网格层112、包围微网格层112的柔性绝缘层116和包围绝缘层116的外保护层114。在至少一个实施例中，保护壳100包括在微网格层112内的包围保护隔间102的热吸收材料104。
微网格层112是将保护壳封装到金属微网格中的层。在一些实施例中，金属微网格是三维微结构。在进一步的实施例中，微网格是在用于储存热能的设备中能被用作支撑支架的结构，其中微网格层112包括热存储材料和微网格支撑支架。
图2是示出用于形成微网格支撑支架的多个桁架元件的部件200的简图。在至少一个示范性实施例中，部件200包括8个不同的在节点204联接到一起的桁架元件202。在其他实施例中，桁架元件202的部件200可以包括多于或少于8个不同的桁架元件202。如图2所示，桁架元件202在节点204相互贯通以形成部件200。在图1中的微网格层112中的微网格支撑支架由多重连接在一起以形成连续网格结构的部件200形成。
在一个实施例中，在部件200中的多重桁架元件202连续地形成，使得两个结合的桁架元件202的内部在部件200内形成没有内部边界的邻接空隙。当不同桁架元件202的内部缺少内部边界时，连接不同桁架元件202的节点204由与用于制作桁架元件202的材料相同的材料制造。
由于桁架元件202的小尺寸，在部件200中的桁架元件202具有固有的高强度。此外，桁架元件202配置为具有相应的小宽高比（例如长度/直径比）用于承受弯曲力矩。而且，因为图1中的微网格层112由多重结合的桁架元件的部件200形成，经由在部件200中的桁架元件的轴向拉伸和压缩，微网格层112能够承受机械负荷。桁架元件202沿着它们各自轴向的分子排列为桁架元件202并且相应地也为微网格层112增添额外强度和/或刚度。此外，在至少一个实施方式中，桁架元件202配置为在施加到微网格层112的压缩负荷下为图1中的微网格层112提供伸展主导性能。
如在图2中图示的，桁架元件202分别在不同的方向上远离节点204延伸。例如，根据至少一个实施例，部件200可包括8个桁架元件202，其每个沿着8个不同方向的对应一个方向远离节点204延伸。在至少一个实施方式中，该8个桁架元件202在节点204相互贯通以形成连续材料的部件。
在某些实施方式中，当桁架元件的多重部件200联接在一起以形成微网格层时，如图1中的微网格层112，微网格层112的重要部分是自由空间。在某些实施方式中，在微网格层112内的自由空间至少部分地用与微网格结构自身的材料不同的材料填充。例如，微网格层112内的自由空间可用吸收热能的材料填充，其中微网格层112内的微网格支撑支架使热能分布得基本上均匀地遍及微网格层112内自由空间中的吸收材料。
在至少一个实施例中，通过提供金属微网格作为起支架作用的三维有序的开放蜂窝状结构，微网格层112被制作为吸收热能。然后开放单元格用相变材料填充。合适的相变材料的例子为碳氢化合物、有机分子、脂肪酸、盐合水、碳酸氢钠等等。在至少一个实施方式中，物体由热吸收材料104保护在保护隔间内。例如，热吸收材料104可为在微网格层112内包围被保护物体的相变材料。热吸收材料在下面的所有均通过引用并入的美国专利中进一步描述：美国专利号5,932,839，名称为“METHOD FOR DISSIPATING HEAT AWAY FROM HEAT SENSITIVE DEVICE USING BICARBONATE COMPOSITIONS”,1997年11月4日提交，在这里称为‘839专利；美国专利号6,078,011，名称为“METHOD FOR DISSIPATING HEAT AWAY FROM A HEAT SENSITIVE DEVICE USING BICARBONATE COMPOSITION”,1999年5月6日提交，在这里称为‘011专利；和美国专利号6,899,161，名称为“METHOD FOR HEAT ABSORPTION USING POLYOXYMETHLENE POLYMER COMPOSITIONS”,2003年4月3日提交，在这里称为‘161专利。
在某些实施例中，保护隔间102和微网格层112被围绕在柔性绝缘层116内。柔性绝缘层116阻止热传递穿过柔性绝缘层116来保护在保护隔间102内的物体不受容纳保护壳100的加热环境的影响。例如，当保护壳100在加热环境中时，柔性绝缘层116阻止热传递穿过柔性绝缘层116到微网格层112。确实传递穿过柔性绝缘层116的热被容纳在微网格层112内的热吸收材料吸收。柔性绝缘层116和微网格层112的组合联合地用来阻止在保护壳100的环境中的热损坏在保护隔间102内的物体。
此外，柔性绝缘层116和微网格层112的组合联合地用来防止对保护壳100的震动损坏保护隔间102内的物体。在一个示范性实施方式中，柔性绝缘层116包含柔性气凝胶层或其他柔性绝缘体层。在至少一个实施方式中，柔性气凝胶层116是PYROGEL XTF。柔性绝缘层116是可变形的并且能响应于震动而移动。此外，微网格层112也是可变形的并且能响应于震动而移动。由于柔性绝缘层116和微网格层112两者的可变形性和吸收震动的能力，柔性绝缘层116和微网格层112能够吸收由施加到保护壳100的震动产生的能量并且防止震动损坏保护隔间102内的物体。
此外，为保护在保护隔间102内的物体免于在保护壳100暴露于极端条件时进一步的损坏，保护壳100可包括外保护层114。外保护层114是设计为承受在比如车辆碰撞或从高海拔坠落的条件中存在的强力下的冲击的硬层。例如，外保护层114可由金属、复合材料（例如，碳复合材料）等制作。在某些实施方式中，柔性绝缘层116和微网格层112（两者都有震动吸收特性）的组合允许外保护层114比在柔性绝缘层116易碎并且微网格层112不可变形的情况下将可能的外保护层114更薄。更薄的外保护层114减小保护壳100的尺寸和重量。因而，外保护层114、柔性绝缘层116和微网格层112的组合一起用来保护物体不受在极端环境中存在的力的影响。
在某些实施例中，保护壳100设计为承受在飞机灾难期间发生的极端环境。为保证保护壳100能够承受飞机失事的极端环境，保护壳100被严格地测验。例如，保护壳可设计为承受3400Gs的碰撞冲击。保护壳100也可制造为抗穿刺，因为保护壳100的最脆弱的轴可制造为承受由具有从重物底部突出的0.25平方英寸的针的500磅重物从十英尺高度落下所产生的力。此外，保护壳100也可制造为承受1100oC的温度至少一个小时。保护壳100也可经受其他测验来确定保护壳100对在飞机灾难事件中可能存在的压力、液体和化学力的抵抗性。保护壳100的组件一起用来承受在飞机失事和上面描述的严格测验期间存在的极端环境。
图3是示出设计来为物体302提供柔性保护的保护壳300的框图。在某些情形中，由保护壳300保护的物体302弯曲并移动。例如，消防员或其他在极端环境中工作的使用者可能需要保护不受在极端环境中存在的条件的影响。为保护使用者，保护壳300实施到使用者的衣服中。如上面描述的，与保护壳100一样，保护壳300可以包括微网格层312和柔性绝缘层316。微网格层312和柔性绝缘层316与图1中的微网格层112和柔性绝缘层116类似起作用。由于微网格层312和柔性绝缘层316两者都是可弯曲的，所以它们可以实施到柔性保护壳300（诸如纺织材料）中。
在某些实施方式中，保护壳300包括外保护层314。外保护层314根据使用者将主要操作在其中的环境为在保护壳300内的物体302提供保护。例如，外保护层314可以提供对抗热的进一步保护。可替代地，外保护层314可以由抗穿刺材料制造。此外，外保护层314可以由防水材料制造。在至少一个实施方式中，外保护层314由提供保护对抗多重环境的复合材料或多层材料制造。在至少一个实施例中，外保护层314在保护壳300的最靠近物体302和最远离物体302的两侧上。
图4是根据一个实施例的用于制作保护壳的方法400的流程图。方法400在402进行，其中在被保护物体的周围放置金属微网格层。如上面讨论的，金属微网格层是在被保护物体周围能提供可压缩支架层的桁架元件结构。方法400在404进行，其中以热吸收材料充入金属微网格层。热吸收材料可以包括相变材料诸如碳酸氢钠、或者其他相变材料。金属微网格层使热分布得遍及热吸收材料来阻碍热能到达被保护物体。
方法400在406进行，其中在以热吸收材料充入的金属微网格层周围放置柔性绝缘层。例如，柔性气凝胶层能够被放置在金属微网格层周围。柔性气凝胶阻碍从保护壳外部层到包围被保护物体的内层的热传递。方法400在408进行，其中在柔性绝缘层周围形成外保护层诸如抗冲击层。例如，抗冲击层吸收对保护壳的震动并且封装金属微网格层和绝缘层。包围被保护物体的保护壳的多重层的组合保护物体不受由极端环境引起的力的影响。
实例实施例
实例1包括保护壳，保护壳包含配置为包围物体并且以热吸收材料充入的微网格层、包围微网格层的柔性绝缘层、和包围柔性绝缘层的外保护层。
实例2包括实例1的保护壳，其中热吸收材料包含下列至少一个：聚合体、硅胶、粘合剂和相变材料。
实例3包括实例2的保护壳，其中相变材料包含下列至少一个：碳氢化合物、有机化学物质、脂肪酸、盐合水和碳酸氢钠。
实例4包括实例1-3的任一保护壳，其中柔性绝缘层包含下列至少一个：绝缘羊毛、泡沫材料、柔性气凝胶。
实例5包括实例1-4的任一保护壳，其中外保护层包含金属。
实例6包括实例5的保护壳，其中外保护层是可变形的。
实例7包括实例1-6的任一保护壳，其中外保护层包含织物。
实例8包括实例1-7的任一保护壳，其中外保护层包含复合材料。
实例9包括实例1-8的任一保护壳，其中物体选自由人类、科学仪器、数据记录仪、和保险箱组成的组。
实例10包括用于制作保护壳的方法，方法包含在被保护物体周围放置金属微网格层；以热吸收材料充入金属微网格层；在以热吸收材料充入的金属微网格层周围放置柔性绝缘层；和在柔性绝缘层周围形成外保护层。
实例11包括实例10的方法，其中柔性绝缘层由柔性气凝胶构成。
实例12包括实例10-11的任一方法，其中热吸收材料包含相变材料。
实例13包括保护壳，保护壳包含：柔性绝缘层，配置为阻止热能从柔性绝缘层的外侧到柔性绝缘层的内侧传导；紧靠柔性绝缘层的内侧的微网格层，微网格层配置为使通过柔性绝缘层的热能分布得基本上遍及微网格层；和充入微网格层的热吸收材料，热吸收材料配置为吸收微网格层中的热能。
实例14包括实例13的保护壳，进一步包含紧靠柔性绝缘层的外侧的外保护层。
实例15包括实例14的保护壳，其中外保护层配置为吸收对保护壳的冲击。
实例16包括实例14-15的任一保护壳，其中外保护层至少为下列之一：纺织材料、复合材料、和金属。
实例17包括实例13-16的任一保护壳，其中热吸收材料为相变材料。
实例18包括实例13-17的任一保护壳，其进一步包含封装在微网格层内并且包封被保护物体的附加热吸收材料。
实例19包括实例13-18的任一保护壳，其中保护壳配置为保护选自由人类、科学仪器、数据记录仪、和保险箱组成的组的物体。
实例20包括实例13-19的任一保护壳，其中柔性绝缘层是柔性气凝胶层。
在不脱离本发明本质特征的情况下，本发明可用其它特定的形式具体化。描述的实施例在各个方面要被视为仅是说明性的并且非限制性的。本发明的范围因此由所附的权利要求而不是由先前的描述指示。落入权利要求的等价物范围和含义内的所有改变都要包含在它们的范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种保护壳（100），包含：
配置为包围物体（102）并且以热吸收材料充入的微网格层（112）；
包围微网格层的柔性绝缘层（116）；和
包围柔性绝缘层（116）的外保护层（114）。
2.如权利要求1的保护壳（100），其中所述物体（102）选自由以下组成的组：
人类；
科学仪器；和
数据记录仪；
保险箱。
3.一种用于制作保护壳（100）的方法，该方法包含：
在被保护物体周围放置金属微网格层（112）；
以热吸收材料充入金属微网格层（112）；
在以热吸收材料充入的金属微网格层（112）周围放置柔性绝缘层（116）；和
在柔性绝缘层（116）周围形成外保护层（114）。
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