CN103577618B - A kind of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing and Automobile Design method - Google Patents
A kind of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing and Automobile Design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
For solving the relatively cumbersome complexity of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing in prior art, energy-absorption box design defect is difficult to the technical problem eliminated.The invention provides a kind of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing, including step: the length of goal-selling energy-absorption box and conquassation rate, calculate the conquassation distance obtaining energy-absorption box；Obtain the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption；The theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained divided by its conquassation distance the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box；According to average crushing force formula, calculate the actual average crushing force of the energy-absorption box of various alternative specification；According to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force more than or equal to the principle of the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size design target energy-absorption box.Method for designing of the present invention is compared and existing is empirically designed more science, and the energy-absorption box defect designed is less, it is easier to follow-up simulation optimization improves, and makes method for designing simplify, shortens the design time, and reduce design cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle energy absorption box design field, especially automobile low speed collision energy-absorption box method for designing.
Background technology
The low speed collision of automobile is one of major reason of car insurance Claims Resolution to the infringement of automobile self.Current car insurance maintenance research association (RCAR) sets " the rigidity obstacle collision of the impact velocity of 15km/h, the collision angle of 10 ° and 40% biasing (offset) " operating mode (hereinafter referred to as: RCAR15 operating mode) and, to define automobile low speed collision performance, specifically refers to RCAR specification " TheProcedureforConductingaLowSpeed15km/hOffsetInsuranceC rashTesttoDeterminetheDamageabilityandRepairabilityFeatu resofMotorVehicles ".Under this operating mode, after front energy-absorption box, the body structure (typically investigating longeron) of (or before rear energy-absorption box) is indeformable, then can be evaluated as preferable low speed collision performance；Otherwise, for underproof low speed collision performance.The outer car insurance industry of Present Domestic many qualities using this performance in the industry are insured as assessment automobile one of the reference factor of amount.
In current car industry, the main stream approach of the energy-absorption box of design low speed collision security performance can be summarized as " Experience Design optimization analysis ".The step of the method system can be sketched and be: after completing Automobile Classis General Layout, according to mark car experience and design requirement, every design parameter of given energy-absorption box, so-called design parameter is as it is shown in figure 1, include the length of energy-absorption box, cross-section lengths, cross-sectional width, the wall thickness of cross section and material etc.；Then energy-absorption box is done simulation optimization improvement by engineer, so-called simulation optimization improves and includes physical impacts test and simulation analysis etc., if energy-absorption box fails to reach design object, then returns and redesigns rational energy-absorption box, re-start simulation optimization improvement etc., until meeting RCAR15 working condition requirement.
Due to traditional energy-absorption box method for designing simply according to design experiences and the design requirement marking car, therefore Preliminary design energy-absorption box out is often up to fall short, cause follow-up have to repeatedly carry out simulation optimization improvement, its design side's relative method very complicated, increase design cost, extend design period, and usually in follow-up simulation optimization improves, it is easily subject to the constraint of early stage Chassis general layout, causes the design defect of energy-absorption box to be difficult to eliminate.
Summary of the invention
For solving the relatively cumbersome complexity of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing in prior art, energy-absorption box design defect is difficult to the technical problem eliminated.The invention provides a kind of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing, comprise the steps:
The length of goal-selling energy-absorption box and conquassation rate, calculate the conquassation distance obtaining energy-absorption box；
Obtain the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption；
The theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained divided by its conquassation distance the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box；
According to average crushing force formula, calculate the actual average crushing force of the energy-absorption box of various alternative specification；
According to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force more than or equal to the principle of the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size design target energy-absorption box.
Preferably, the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption obtains by the following method: set primary collision speed and virtual complete vehicle quality that in car crass, car load is virtual, according to formulaIt is calculated complete automobile collision energy；The energy that absorbs according to energy-absorption box accounts for the energy-absorbing ratio of complete automobile collision energy, calculates the theoretical energy obtaining energy-absorption box impact absorption.
Preferably, energy-absorbing ratio uses the energy-absorbing ratio under RCAR15 collision operating mode, and wherein RCAR15 collision operating mode is the rigidity obstacle collision of the impact velocity of 15km/h, the collision angle of 10 ° and 40% biasing.
Preferably, energy-absorbing ratio is obtained by the Experience Design of designer.
Preferably, energy-absorbing ratio is 45%～50%.
Preferably, energy-absorption box light-wall pipe girder construction, use following formula calculate energy-absorption box actual average crushing force:
FRealFor actual average crushing force, d is the cross-section lengths of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and b is the cross-sectional width of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and t is the wall thickness of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, σyFor metal plate material yield stress, σ (ε) is the simple tension stress-strain diagram function of material, and ε is material strain, εfElongation percentage for material.
Preferably, also include that follow-up simulation optimization improves step.
Invention additionally provides a kind of Automobile Design method, including aforesaid vehicle energy absorption box method for designing.
Preferably, vehicle energy absorption box design while Chassis general layout and shape-designing or before carry out.
Use the vehicle energy absorption box method for designing of the present invention, by calculating the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box and for making the actual average crushing force of the various alternative specification of energy-absorption box, and both are compared, choose actual average crushing force and make energy-absorption box more than or equal to the alternative specification of theoretical average crushing force, method for designing of the present invention is compared and existing is empirically designed more science, the energy-absorption box defect designed is less, it is easier to follow-up simulation optimization improve, method for designing is made to simplify, shorten the design time, and reduce design cost.Owing to the design parameter of energy-absorption box can be known before or while Chassis general layout and design model exactly, it also avoid design defect during subsequent simulation Optimal improvements and be difficult to the problem eliminated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
According to Figure of description, present invention will be described in detail below.
Schematic diagram before the collision of Fig. 1 vehicle energy absorption box；
Fig. 2 vehicle energy absorption box collision rift schematic diagram；
Vehicle energy absorption box design flow diagram in Fig. 3 specific embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further details.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of vehicle energy absorption box method for designing, according to method for designing of the present invention, then for convenience of understanding, the energy-absorption box designed according to method for designing of the present invention can be referred to as target energy-absorption box from without to designing energy-absorption box.
For making the present invention it is more readily appreciated that the most first energy-absorption box structure is done lower simple declaration.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, energy-absorption box is rectangle thin wall pipe girder construction, and its design parameter mainly includes length L of material, energy-absorption box1, and energy-absorption box cross sectional dimensions；Above-mentioned cross sectional dimensions includes cross-section lengths d, cross-sectional width b and cross section wall thickness t.Length L of energy-absorption box1Referring to that energy-absorption box does not collides the initial length before deformation, energy-absorption box, after collision occurs, will cause deformation as shown in Figure 2, be energy-absorption box by the part of conquassation, wherein set a length of L of conquassation of energy-absorption box in figure shown in dotted portion.Obviously, after energy-absorption box deforms upon, the length of energy-absorption box will become L1‐L。
As it is shown on figure 3, the vehicle energy absorption box method for designing that the present invention provides, comprise the steps, preset length and the conquassation rate of energy-absorption box, calculate the conquassation distance obtaining energy-absorption box；
Obtain the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption；
The theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained divided by its conquassation distance the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box；
According to average crushing force formula, calculate various alternative specification energy-absorption box actual average crushing force；
According to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force more than or equal to the principle of the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size design target energy-absorption box.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, each step is explained.
1, length L of goal-selling energy-absorption box1And conquassation rate, calculate the conquassation distance obtaining energy-absorption box.
At the beginning of design, energy-absorption box length L1The most rule of thumb or can be given with reference to the energy-absorption box length marking car by designer (such as Chassis general layout engineer and body structure engineer), such as, it is as the criterion with the length in moulding face, rough estimate longeron front end, electromotor width and the total length of longeron rear end, then rule of thumb or carry out energy-absorption box length L of selected target car with reference to mark car in remaining length1。
If its conquassation rate symbol a represents.
Its conquassation rate also according to the experience of designer or is determined with reference to the energy-absorption box conquassation rate marking car.
Length L1 of target energy-absorption box is multiplied by its conquassation rate a, i.e. can get conquassation distance L of energy-absorption box.
Formula L=L1*a is i.e. used to calculate acquisition conquassation distance L.
In the present embodiment, the energy-absorption box length of target carriage chooses 150mm.According to design experiences, conquassation rate a (conquassation distance L/ initial length L1) of the energy-absorption box of steel ordinarily be about 0.8, then conquassation distance L=120mm of energy-absorption box.
2, the theoretical energy E of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtainedReason。
Set primary collision speed and virtual complete vehicle quality that in car crass, car load is virtual, according to formulaIt is calculated complete automobile collision energy；The energy that absorbs according to energy-absorption box accounts for energy-absorbing ratio α of complete automobile collision energy, calculates the theoretical energy obtaining energy-absorption box impact absorption.
In the present embodiment, it is designed as a example by RCAR15 collision operating mode, in this operating mode, driver is in the car of kerb weight state and clashes into rigidity obstacle with the biasing of the speed of 15km/h (that is: 4.17m/s), the collision angle of 10 ° and 40%.In this example, complete vehicle quality (car of kerb weight state and driver's gross mass) is m=1600kg, and primary collision speed is v=4.17m/s, then complete automobile collision ENERGY E is:
So-called energy-absorbing ratio α is typically based on experience and obtains, and has the car of preferable RCAR15 operating mode collision performance such as through the many moneys of simulation analysis, knows that energy-absorption box is 45%～55% by energy-absorbing ratio α of the absorbable complete automobile collision ENERGY E of deformation.The energy-absorbing ratio of 50% chosen in this example is designed, thus can obtain the collision energy that energy-absorption box absorbs in RCAR15 operating mode and be
EReason=E × 50%=13900J × 50%=6950J.
3, the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained divided by its conquassation distance the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box.
In the present embodiment, it is calculated the average crushing force F of energy-absorption box according to formulaReason:
FReason=EReason/ L=6950J/0.12m=57.92KN.
4, according to average crushing force formula, calculate various alternative specification energy-absorption box actual average crushing force.
In prior art, there is various average crushing force formula, can be used in the present invention the actual average crushing force calculating candidate materials.In the present embodiment, energy-absorption box is rectangle thin wall pipe girder construction, it is preferred to use the actual average crushing force of following actual average crushing force computing formula calculating energy-absorption box:
Wherein, FRealFor actual average crushing force, d is the cross-section lengths of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and b is the cross-sectional width of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and t is the wall thickness of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, σyFor metal plate material yield stress, σ (ε) is the simple tension stress-strain diagram function of material, and ε is material strain, εfElongation percentage for material.Simple tension stress-strain diagram function σ (ε) of material, metal plate material yield stress σyAnd the elongation percentage ε of materialfCan be obtained by one directional tensile test, known to those skilled in the art.
Specification above-mentioned refers to the combination of energy-absorption box each Cross-section Design parameter.Design parameter includes that cross sectional dimensions and material, described cross sectional dimensions include cross-section lengths, cross-sectional width and cross section wall thickness.
Before making car, the alternative specification of energy-absorption box includes: conventional tranverse sectional thickness t has 1.5mm, 1.8mm, 2.0mm and 2.2mm these four specification；Cross section commonly uses alternative specification 50mm × 100mm, 55mm × 105mm, 60mm × 110mm and the typical cross sectional shape of 65mm × 115mm these four；The alternative trade mark commonly used by material ordinary steel SPHD, H220BD+ZF and high strength steel H340LAD+ZZF, HC420LA.
In existing material, the metal plate material that can be used for making energy-absorption box is not limited to above-mentioned specification.As required, it is possible to choose the metal plate material of other specifications.
In the present embodiment, according to actual average crushing force computing formula, calculate the actual average crushing force of alternative specification for making energy-absorption box, the results are shown in Table 1～table 4.
Every a line in form represents a kind of energy-absorption box specification, the combination of a kind of energy-absorption box Cross-section Design parameter.In such as table 1, sequence 1 is expert at, it is provided that a kind of material is H220BD+ZF, and its tranverse sectional thickness t is 1.5mm, and cross-sectional width b is 50mm, and cross-section lengths is the energy-absorption box of 100mm.
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 1:t=1.5mm
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 2:t=1.8mm
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 3:t=2.0mm
Actual average crushing force result of calculation during table 4:t=2.2mm
5, according to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force more than or equal to the principle of the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size design target energy-absorption box.
In step above, we have calculated the theoretical average crushing force F of energy-absorption boxReasonFor 57.92KN, in table 1～table 4, choose the actual crushing force numerical value specification more than or equal to 57.92KN as the design parameter making energy-absorption box.
The actual average crushing force contrasted in theoretical average crushing force and table 1～table 4 understands, the energy-absorption box actual average crushing force F of the 1.5mm thickness listed by table 1RealIt is respectively less than 57.92KN.For making the optional scope of the specification of energy-absorption box it is: in table 2, sequence number 13 16 is listed, sequence number 9 16 is listed in table 3 and in table 4 listed by sequence number 8 16.
The optional scope of specification for make energy-absorption box is had been given above, and designer can make optimum selection in this scope.
Preferably, structure lightened principle is had also combined when choosing the energy-absorption box of appropriate size from alternative energy-absorption box.Can also be alternative condition in conjunction with cost minimization principle or other condition.Known to those skilled in the art for " structure lightened ", " cost minimization " etc., here is omitted.
In the present embodiment, with structure lightened as alternative condition, owing to the density of listed steel is essentially identical, the most structure lightened judging basis is actually the size of cross-sectional area.It can thus be appreciated that specification listed by sequence number 13 is the optimum selection target in the present embodiment in table 2.Therefore, in the present embodiment, finally determine that the best design parameter for making energy-absorption box is: energy-absorption box length: 150mm, cross section: 50mm × 100mm, thickness t:1.8mm, material: HC420LA.
So far, the final design of target energy-absorption box of the present invention is completed.
It is, of course, also possible to include that follow-up simulation optimization improves step.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of Automobile Design method, the Automobile Design method in this example, including the vehicle energy absorption box method for designing of narration in embodiment 1, also includes Chassis general layout and shape-designing etc..Much more no longer owing to primary object of the present invention is the design of vehicle energy absorption box, the design of other guide is not limiting as, and can use and well known to a person skilled in the art that method for designing is designed, therefore, to be described.
Preferably, when carrying out Automobile Design, vehicle energy absorption box design while Chassis general layout and shape-designing or before carry out.In the present embodiment, the design of energy-absorption box is carried out with Chassis general layout simultaneously, now the feature hard spot (mainly radiator mount point, engine mounting point) of enging cabin not yet determines, designer has sufficient space to arrange hard spot or the size design of moulding hard spot to complete energy-absorption box and chassis.The generation of the design defect of energy-absorption box can be avoided to greatest extent.
Experimental result below by way of this energy-absorption box engineering exemplar further illustrates the effectiveness of method for designing of the present invention.
The experiment of engineering exemplar is the generalized flowsheet that car (car load and parts) is developed, and is tested by the engineering exemplar of energy-absorption box, can check the actual collision performance of energy-absorption box.
The experiment flow generally used is: at the commitment of car design according to the parameter of the inventive method design energy-absorption box, and establishes 3D digital-to-analogue and carry out simulation analysis；Simultaneously, this energy-absorption box is manufactured into physical engineering exemplar according to identical parameter, car low speed collision safety experiment is carried out in physical test car, experimental technique, according to the method for normalizing of RCAR, specifically refers to " TheProcedureforConductingaLowSpeed15km/hOffsetInsuranceC rashTesttoDeterminetheDamageabilityandRepairabilityFeatu resofMotorVehicles ".
In the present embodiment, theoretical crumple distance is: 150mm × 0.8=120mm, the crumple distance of simulation analysis is 117mm, and the crumple distance of Physical Experiment is 113mm.By crumple distance, the crumple distance of emulation and the crumple distance of experiment that contrast is theoretical, the deflection of energy-absorption box very close to；And by emulation deformation pattern and the experiment deformation pattern of contrast energy-absorption box, both are substantially consistent, and these 2 all illustrate that method for designing of the present invention is reliable.Meanwhile, emulation and the experiment deformation result contrast to longitudinal beam structure, in experiment, longeron does not deform, consistent with the result of simulation analysis, it is believed that the energy-absorption box using method for designing of the present invention to design has preferable low speed collision performance.
To sum up, the energy-absorption box using the inventive method to design meets vehicle body low speed collision performance requirement (RCAR15 operating mode).In view of design and production technology, all multiple errors of testing and emulating, method for designing of the present invention rationally, is enough accurately effective in engineering.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention, the technical scheme that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, the present invention makes various change and/or amendment, still falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a vehicle energy absorption box method for designing, comprises the steps:
The length of goal-selling energy-absorption box and conquassation rate, calculate the conquassation distance obtaining energy-absorption box；
Obtain the theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption；
The theoretical energy of energy-absorption box impact absorption is obtained divided by its conquassation distance the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box；
Calculate the actual average crushing force of the energy-absorption box of various alternative specification；
According to energy-absorption box actual average crushing force more than or equal to the principle of the theoretical average crushing force of energy-absorption box, from alternative specification, choose appropriate size design target energy-absorption box；
Wherein, vehicle energy absorption box design while Chassis general layout and shape-designing or before carry out.
Vehicle energy absorption box method for designing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the theoretical energy of described energy-absorption box impact absorption obtains by the following method: set primary collision speed and virtual complete vehicle quality that in car crass, car load is virtual, according to formulaIt is calculated complete automobile collision energy；The energy that absorbs according to energy-absorption box accounts for the energy-absorbing ratio of complete automobile collision energy, calculates the theoretical energy obtaining energy-absorption box impact absorption.
Vehicle energy absorption box method for designing the most according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described energy-absorbing ratio uses the energy-absorbing ratio under RCAR15 collision operating mode, and wherein RCAR15 collision operating mode is the rigidity obstacle collision of the impact velocity of 15km/h, the collision angle of 10 ° and 40% biasing.
Vehicle energy absorption box method for designing the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described energy-absorbing ratio is 45%～50%.
Vehicle energy absorption box method for designing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described energy-absorption box is rectangle thin wall pipe girder construction, use following formula calculate energy-absorption box actual average crushing force:
FRealFor actual average crushing force, d is the cross-section lengths of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and b is the cross-sectional width of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, and t is the wall thickness of thin-walled rectangular tube beam, σyFor metal plate material yield stress, σ (ε) is the simple tension load-deformation curve function of material, and ε is material strain, εfElongation percentage for material.
Vehicle energy absorption box method for designing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described specification refers to the combination of energy-absorption box each Cross-section Design parameter.
Vehicle energy absorption box method for designing the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described design parameter includes that cross sectional dimensions and material, described cross sectional dimensions include cross-section lengths, cross-sectional width and cross section wall thickness.
Vehicle energy absorption box method for designing the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also include that follow-up simulation optimization improves step.
9. an Automobile Design method, it is characterised in that: described Automobile Design method includes the vehicle energy absorption box method for designing in claim 1-8 described in any one.
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| CN106740620B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2023-03-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | Automobile energy absorption box filled based on negative Poisson ratio structure and multi-objective optimization method thereof |
| CN112793525B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2022-08-16 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Automobile front longitudinal beam section design method and automobile front longitudinal beam |
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| JP5168477B2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2013-03-21 | スズキ株式会社 | Vehicle crash box and body front structure |
| CN101712305A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2010-05-26 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle energy absorption box |
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