CN103570019A - Extra-coarse grain tungsten carbide powder with narrow particle size distribution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Extra-coarse grain tungsten carbide powder with narrow particle size distribution and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to extra-coarse grain tungsten carbide powder with narrow particle size distribution and a preparation method thereof. In the tungsten carbide powder, a particle size of 80-90 weight percent of tungsten carbide powder is between 0.5D50 and 2D50, and D50 is a median diameter; the tungsten carbide powder of which the particle size is larger than 5D50 is less than 0.5 weight percent; the purity of the tungsten carbide powder is higher than or equal to 99.9 weight percent; the Fisher particle size of the tungsten carbide powder is more than or equal to 15mu m. X-ray diffraction phase analysis is performed after ball-milling and crushing treatment, and the tungsten carbide powder does not contain W2C or other mixed phases. The preparation method of the extra-coarse grain tungsten carbide powder with narrow particle size distribution comprises the following steps: performing high-temperature hydrogen reduction on tungsten oxide, crushing hard agglomerates of extra-coarse tungsten powder, carrying out size grading, carbon preparation, high-temperature carbonization, and crushing and screening the carbonized tungsten powder. An extra-coarse grain WC-Co hard alloy produced by the prepared tungsten carbide powder is uniform in organizational structure, an average grain size of a WC hard phase is coarse, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of a kind of narrow size-grade distribution and preparation method thereof.The super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution, mainly for the preparation of super coarse-grain Wimet, is produced novel high reliability long life mine instrument, digging instrument, milling train composite roll collars, high abrasion shock resistance mould etc.
Background technology
The super thick WC powder raw material that super thick WC-Co Wimet is used has that crystalline structure is complete, textural defect is few, microhardness is high, microstrain is little, have certain series of advantages such as plasticity, high with Wimet good toughness, shock resistance, the hot hardness of its manufacture, thermal conductivity is high, creep strain is little, is widely used in mine instrument, petroleum drilling and mining instrument, coalcutter digging instrument, shield machine cutter, press tool, composite roll, the spraying of metallic surface stiff dough and surfacing etc. for Tunnel Engineering.
As the main raw material of high performance mineral use and engineering use Wimet, the size-grade distribution of super thick tungsten-carbide powder has conclusive impact to the quality of Wimet.The wide meeting of size-grade distribution of WC powder significantly reduces the performance of the super thick Wimet of preparing with it.On the one hand, during alloy sintering, fine grain WC easily dissolves and separates out on thick wolfram varbide, produces the thick tungsten carbide particle of 30 ~ 60 microns; On the other hand, 1 ~ 3 micron of fine particle wolfram varbide also easily forms accumulation area in alloy.In Wimet, the thick wolfram varbide of the accumulation area of 1 ~ 3 micron tungsten carbide particle and 30 ~ 60 microns easily becomes the formation of crack of fatigue failure, and therefore, the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of preparing narrow size-grade distribution has great importance.
The method of preparing super thick tungsten carbide powder mainly contains coarse tungsten powder high temperature cabonization method, thermite process and mixes temperature reduction and high temperature cabonization method in an alkali metal salt Tungsten oxide 99.999.Patent US4834963, CN87107470 and CN200810044355.5 disclose that to take tungsten concentrate or Tungsten oxide 99.999, brown iron oxide (oxygenant), aluminium or al-ni alloy powder (reductive agent), carbide of calcium or carbon dust (carburization agent) be raw material, prepare the method for super thick tungsten carbide powder by thermite reaction.Patent CN102268723 is placed on thermite reaction in electric arc furnace, by the acting in conjunction of chemical heat and electric-arc heating, prepares super thick tungsten carbide powder.Thermite process prepare the complicated speed of reaction of super thick tungsten carbide powder fast, control that difficulty is large, the impurity of product is difficult to remove completely and affect the over-all properties of alloy, be generally used for thermospray and be not used in the production of the super coarse-grain Wimet of high-performance.Patent CN1452593A and patent US6749663B2 adopt Tungsten oxide 99.999 to mix an alkali metal salt, and the centre that forms low melting point is prepared super thick tungsten powder and tungsten carbide powder mutually, adopt this method easily to introduce alkali metal impurity.Patent CN101664809 is by controlling wet hydrogen reducing atmosphere, and through high-temperature hydrogen, reduction obtains super thick tungsten powder; Super thick tungsten powder is joined to carbon, ball milling mixing, high temperature cabonization, fragmentation, sieved, obtain Coarse Grain Tungsten Carbide end.Coarse tungsten powder high temperature cabonization, thermite process and to mix in an alkali metal salt Tungsten oxide 99.999 the size-grade distribution of the prepared super thick tungsten-carbide powder of the methods such as temperature reduction and high temperature cabonization wide, alloy is difficult to obtain high-performance, and result of use and life-span are not good.
Summary of the invention
Size-grade distribution for the powder of wolfram varbide, the invention provides super thick tungsten-carbide powder of a kind of narrow size-grade distribution and preparation method thereof.
The super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of size-grade distribution, its principal character is:
(1) particle diameter of the tungsten-carbide powder of 80wt% ~ 90wt% is at 0.5D
50~ 2D
50between, D
50for meso-position radius, meso-position radius (D
50) be the particle diameter that mass accumulation distributes while reaching 50%, the particle diameter of the wolfram varbide of 80wt% is at meso-position radius D
50half between the meso-position radius of twice;
(2) particle diameter is greater than 5D
50the tungsten-carbide powder of (5 times of meso-position radius) is less than 0.5wt%;
(3) chemical purity of tungsten-carbide powder is greater than or equal to 99.9wt%;
(4) Fisher particle size of tungsten-carbide powder (Fsss granularity) >=15 μ m;
(5) in tungsten-carbide powder total carbon content between 6.07wt% ~ 6.19wt%, wherein, combined carbon content >=6.07wt%, free carbon content≤0.07wt%; Fe≤0.02wt%, Mo≤0.02wt%, chloride residue≤0.01wt%.
Described tungsten-carbide powder, carries out after ball mill crushing in X-ray diffraction material phase analysis tungsten-carbide powder not containing W
2the impurity phases such as C.
The preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution, comprises the steps: Tungsten oxide 99.999 high-temperature hydrogen reduction, and super thick tungsten powder hard agglomeration is broken, and tungsten powder particle-size classification, joins carbon, and high temperature cabonization and wolfram varbide fragmentation are sieved etc.
Described Tungsten oxide 99.999 high-temperature hydrogen reduction, is to select the Tungsten oxide 99.999 powder of Fisher particle size (Fsss granularity) 10 μ m above (comprising 10 μ m) to carry out high-temperature hydrogen reduction, makes coarse particles W powder.Described Tungsten oxide 99.999 mainly adopts WO
3, WO
2.9or both mixtures, described high-temperature hydrogen reduction temperature range is 1000 ℃ ~ 1300 ℃.In high-temperature hydrogen reduction process, tungsten particle easily forms " hard agglomeration " by thermodiffusion.
Described super thick tungsten powder hard agglomeration is broken, will in coarse tungsten powder, form " hard agglomeration " fragmentation, " hard agglomeration " broken main at least one employing in stirring ball-milling, rolling ball milling and airflow milling.
Described tungsten powder particle-size classification is by the fragmentation method classification that super thick tungsten powder carries out air classification or crosses vibratory screening apparatus afterwards, remove more tiny and thick especially tungsten particle, acquisition meets the super thick tungsten powder of the required mean particle size of follow-up carbonation process and size-grade distribution, and the size-grade distribution of tungsten powder meets the particle diameter of 90wt% tungsten powder at 0.5D
50~ 2D
50between, D
50for the meso-position radius of tungsten powder, and the Fisher particle size of tungsten powder (Fsss granularity)>=12 μ m.
The described carbon of joining is to be that 6.13 ± 0.06wt% carries out ball milling and joins carbon black by the total carbon content of tungsten carbide powder.
Described high temperature cabonization is that the compound of joining after carbon is packed in graphite boat and carbide furnace, 1600 ~ 2500 ℃ of temperature ranges, carries out high temperature cabonization, and carbonization time is 1 ~ 20 hour, and carburizing atmosphere is vacuum, argon gas or hydrogen.
Described wolfram varbide fragmentation is sieved, and is to pack the wolfram varbide obtaining after carbonization into ball grinding cylinder, and one or both modes in employing rolling ball milling or stirring ball-milling are carried out the ball mill crushing of carbonized stock.After ball mill crushing, gained powder is sieved, for example 100 orders sieve, and remove mill ball, obtain the super thick WC powder of required narrow size-grade distribution.
The super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of above-mentioned narrow size-grade distribution is at the super thick WC Wimet of preparation, as the application in super thick WC-Co Wimet.
WC powder prepared by the processing method of the present invention of take is raw material, and the WC-Co Wimet toughness of producing is high, and heat-resistant anti-fatigue performance is good, the mean grain size >=6 μ m of WC hard phase.Alloy is specially adapted to mine instrument, petroleum drilling and mining instrument, coal winning machine cutting bit instrument, the novel hard alloy instrument of the Good All-around Properties such as shield machine cutter, long life for Tunnel Engineering.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the granule-morphology of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution.
Fig. 2 is the size-grade distribution of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution.
Embodiment
The following describes form of implementation of the present invention.Form of implementation is the example of enumerating in order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, should not be construed as limiting the invention.Scope of the present invention should be the content in claim.Do not surmounting under the prerequisite of main idea of the present invention, form of implementation can be done diversified change.
The preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of the narrow size-grade distribution of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) Tungsten oxide 99.999 high-temperature hydrogen reduction: the Tungsten oxide 99.999 powder of selecting Fisher particle size (Fsss granularity) to be greater than 10 μ m carries out high-temperature hydrogen reduction, makes coarse particles W powder.Described Tungsten oxide 99.999 mainly adopts WO
3, WO
2.9or both mixtures, described high-temperature hydrogen reduction temperature range is 1000 ℃ ~ 1300 ℃.
(2) super thick tungsten powder hard agglomeration is broken: by " hard agglomeration " fragmentation forming in coarse tungsten powder, and " hard agglomeration " broken main at least one employing in stirring ball-milling, rolling ball milling and airflow milling.
(3) tungsten powder particle-size classification: by the fragmentation method classification that super thick tungsten powder carries out air classification or crosses vibratory screening apparatus afterwards, remove more tiny and thick especially tungsten particle, obtain the super thick tungsten powder that meets the required mean particle size of follow-up carbonation process and size-grade distribution.
(4) join carbon: by the total carbon content of tungsten carbide powder, be that 6.13 ± 0.06wt% carries out ball milling and joins carbon black.
(5) high temperature cabonization: the compound of joining after carbon is packed in graphite boat and carbide furnace, carry out high temperature cabonization 1600 ~ 2500 ℃ of temperature ranges, carbonization time is 1 ~ 20 hour, and carburizing atmosphere is vacuum, argon gas or hydrogen.
(6) the broken classification of wolfram varbide: pack the wolfram varbide obtaining after carbonization into ball grinding cylinder, one or both modes in employing rolling ball milling, stirring ball-milling and vibratory milling are carried out the ball mill crushing of carbonized stock.After ball mill crushing, gained powder is sieved, remove mill ball, obtain the super thick WC powder of required narrow size-grade distribution.
Embodiment 1
By narrow size-grade distribution Fisher particle size (Fsss granularity), be 15 μ mWO
3powder, reduces 3h at 1300 ℃, obtains coarse particles W powder.The high-purity thick tungsten powder 50kg that packs high temperature reduction in stainless steel stirring ball-milling cylinder into, ratio of grinding media to material is 2:1, crosses vibratory screening apparatus after ball milling 4h, between 200 order ~ 270 eye mesh screens, can obtain Fisher particle size is the thick tungsten powder of 26 μ m.By gained coarse tungsten powder mixed carbon comtent 6.17wt% ball milling mixing 2h.Then pack graphite boat into, frequently respond in a vacuum carbonization in carbide furnace, carbonization technique parameter is to be warmed up to 2400 ℃ of insulation 3h after 1700 ℃ of insulation 4h, and furnace cooling is to discharging after can tapping temperature.The wolfram varbide agglomerate obtaining is pressed to the ratio of grinding media to material of 1: 1 through the broken 3h of rolling ball milling, gained powder is carried out to 100 orders and sieve, remove mill ball, obtaining Fisher particle size is 30 μ m, D
50granularity is the super thick WC powder of the narrow size-grade distribution of 39.8 μ m, and the particle diameter of the wolfram varbide of 80wt% is between 20 μ m to 80 μ m; The tungsten-carbide powder that particle diameter is greater than 200 μ m is less than 0.5wt%; The chemical purity of tungsten-carbide powder is greater than or equal to 99.9wt%; Carry out X-ray diffraction material phase analysis, in tungsten-carbide powder, do not contain W
2the impurity phases such as C, combined carbon content is 6.10wt%, and total carbon content is between 6.16wt%, and free carbon content is 0.06wt%, and Fe is 0.01wt%, Mo is 0.005wt%, chloride residue≤0.01wt%.
Embodiment 2
By narrow size-grade distribution Fisher particle size (Fsss granularity), be 10 μ mWO
2.9powder, reduces 5h at 1000 ℃, obtains coarse particles W powder.The high-purity thick tungsten powder 50kg that packs high temperature reduction in rotary mill Stainless Steel Ball mill tube into, ratio of grinding media to material is 2:1, ball milling 3h, " hard agglomeration " in powder decomposed after fragmentation, through 200 eye mesh screens, sieve, pass through cyclonic air flow classification again, remove the coarse-grain tungsten powder that fine particle tungsten powder obtains narrow size-grade distribution, the particle diameter of 95wt% tungsten powder is between 12 μ m to 56 μ m.Gained coarse tungsten powder is joined to carbon black, and mixed carbon comtent is 6.13wt%, and then 100 kilograms of material of every graphite boat pack in vertical intermediate frequency induction high temperature carbonization furnace, carbonization in hydrogen shield atmosphere, and carbonization temperature is 2300 ℃, carbonization time is 4h.The carbonized stock of coming out of the stove after stove is cold through the broken 3h of stirring ball-milling, after 100 mesh sieves sieve, obtains the macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow particle size distribution by the ratio of grinding media to material of 3:1, and Fisher particle size is 24 μ m, D
50granularity is 30 μ m, and wherein the particle diameter of the wolfram varbide of 89wt% is between 15 μ m to 60 μ m, and the tungsten-carbide powder that particle diameter is greater than 150 μ m is less than 0.5wt%; The chemical purity of tungsten-carbide powder is greater than or equal to 99.9wt%; Carry out X-ray diffraction material phase analysis, in tungsten-carbide powder, do not contain W
2the impurity phases such as C, combined carbon content is 6.09wt%, and total carbon content is between 6.12wt%, and free carbon content is 0.03wt%, and Fe is 0.01wt%, Mo is 0.005wt%, chloride residue≤0.01wt%.
Embodiment 3
By narrow size-grade distribution Fisher particle size (Fsss granularity), be 12 μ mWO
2.9with WO
3mixed powder, at 1200 ℃, reduce 4h, obtain coarse particles W powder.Broken and through cyclonic air flow classification in airflow milling, remove the coarse-grain tungsten powder that fine particle tungsten powder obtains narrow size-grade distribution, the particle diameter of 90wt% tungsten powder is between 14 μ m to 58 μ m.Gained coarse tungsten powder is joined to carbon black, and mixed carbon comtent is 6.12wt%, and then 100 kilograms of material of every graphite boat pack in vertical intermediate frequency induction high temperature carbonization furnace, carbonization in argon shield atmosphere, and carbonization temperature is 2200 ℃, carbonization time is 6h.The carbonized stock of coming out of the stove after stove is cold through the broken 3h of vibratory milling, after 100 mesh sieves sieve, obtains the macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow particle size distribution by the ratio of grinding media to material of 2:1, and Fisher particle size is 28 μ m, D
50granularity is 32 μ m, and wherein the particle diameter of the wolfram varbide of 80wt% is between 16 μ m to 64 μ m, and the tungsten-carbide powder that particle diameter is greater than 160 μ m is less than 0.5wt%; The chemical purity of tungsten-carbide powder is greater than or equal to 99.9wt%; Carry out X-ray diffraction material phase analysis, in tungsten-carbide powder, do not contain W
2the impurity phases such as C, combined carbon content is 6.09wt%, and total carbon content is between 6.11wt%, and free carbon content is 0.02wt%, and Fe is 0.01wt%, Mo is 0.005wt%, chloride residue≤0.01wt%.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, be granule-morphology and the particle size distribution figure of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution.Can see, the heterogeneous microstructure of super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder prepared by the present invention is even, narrow particle size distribution.
The super coarse-grain WC-Co Mathematical Analysis of Al-li Alloy Containing Rare Earth even structure that the prepared tungsten-carbide powder of embodiment 1-3 is produced, WC hard phase average grain size is thick, the good combination property of alloy.
Claims (10)
1. the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution, is characterized in that: the particle diameter of the tungsten-carbide powder of 80wt% ~ 90wt% is at 0.5D
50~ 2D
50between, D
50for meso-position radius; Particle diameter is greater than 5D
50tungsten-carbide powder be less than 0.5wt%; The purity of tungsten-carbide powder is greater than or equal to 99.9wt%; Fisher particle size>=15 μ the m of tungsten-carbide powder.
2. the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described tungsten-carbide powder, total carbon content between 6.07wt% ~ 6.19wt%, Fe≤0.02wt%, Mo≤0.02wt%, chloride residue≤0.01wt%.
3. the preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that comprising following step: Tungsten oxide 99.999 high-temperature hydrogen reduction, super thick tungsten powder hard agglomeration is broken, tungsten powder particle-size classification, join carbon, high temperature cabonization and wolfram varbide fragmentation are sieved.
4. the preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described Tungsten oxide 99.999 high-temperature hydrogen reduction, for Tungsten oxide 99.999 powder more than Fisher particle size 10 μ m is carried out to high-temperature hydrogen reduction, is made coarse tungsten powder.
5. the preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described Tungsten oxide 99.999 powder is WO
3, WO
2.9or both mixtures, described high-temperature hydrogen reduction temperature is 1000 ℃ ~ 1300 ℃.
6. the preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described super thick tungsten powder hard agglomeration fragmentation is that the hard agglomeration forming in coarse tungsten powder is carried out to fragmentation, adopt at least one in stirring ball-milling, rolling ball milling and airflow milling.
7. the preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described tungsten powder particle-size classification is that the tungsten powder after fragmentation is carried out to air classification or crosses vibratory screening apparatus classification.
8. the preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the described carbon of joining is to be that 6.13 ± 0.06wt% carries out ball milling and joins carbon black by the total carbon content of tungsten carbide powder; Described high temperature cabonization is that the compound of joining after carbon is packed in graphite boat and carbide furnace, 1600 ~ 2500 ℃ of temperature ranges, carries out high temperature cabonization, and carbonization time is 1 ~ 20 hour, and carburizing atmosphere is vacuum, argon gas or hydrogen.
9. the preparation method of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of narrow size-grade distribution according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described wolfram varbide fragmentation is to pack the wolfram varbide obtaining after carbonization into ball grinding cylinder, adopt one or both modes in rolling ball milling, stirring ball-milling and vibratory milling to carry out ball mill crushing, then gained powder is sieved.
10. the application of the super macrocrystalline tungsten carbide powder of the narrow size-grade distribution described in claim 1 or 2 in the super thick carboloy of preparation.
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| CN104386697A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-04 | 株洲长江硬质合金工具有限公司 | Method for producing tungsten carbide from waste tungsten cutting scraps |
| CN107312960A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-11-03 | 株洲夏普高新材料有限公司 | Hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN107557637A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-01-09 | 武汉新锐合金工具有限公司 | A kind of carbide matrix material of polycrystalline diamond complex |
| CN107746983A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-03-02 | 自贡硬质合金有限责任公司 | A kind of crystal grain height is uniformly distributed the preparation method of hard alloy |
| CN109079151A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-25 | 南昌大学 | A kind of method of high temperature solution phase reduction method tungsten oxide preparation extra-coarse tungsten powder |
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| CN104386697A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-04 | 株洲长江硬质合金工具有限公司 | Method for producing tungsten carbide from waste tungsten cutting scraps |
| CN107312960A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-11-03 | 株洲夏普高新材料有限公司 | Hard alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107557637B (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2019-04-16 | 武汉新锐合金工具有限公司 | A kind of carbide matrix material of polycrystalline diamond complex |
| CN107746983A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-03-02 | 自贡硬质合金有限责任公司 | A kind of crystal grain height is uniformly distributed the preparation method of hard alloy |
| CN109079151A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-25 | 南昌大学 | A kind of method of high temperature solution phase reduction method tungsten oxide preparation extra-coarse tungsten powder |
| CN109079151B (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-09-28 | 南昌大学 | Method for preparing ultra-coarse tungsten powder by high-temperature liquid-phase reduction of tungsten oxide |
| CN109485046A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-19 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | A kind of tungsten carbide powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN109485046B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2022-06-03 | 株洲硬质合金集团有限公司 | Tungsten carbide powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN113086984A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-07-09 | 西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司 | Preparation method of chromium carbide powder |
| CN115849380A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-28 | 自贡长城表面工程技术有限公司 | Cast tungsten carbide powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN115849380B (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2024-05-17 | 自贡长城表面工程技术有限公司 | Cast tungsten carbide powder and preparation method thereof |
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