CN1035695A - Low head supercharged hydraulic power station and supercharger - Google Patents
Low head supercharged hydraulic power station and supercharger Download PDFInfo
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- CN1035695A CN1035695A CN88104849A CN88104849A CN1035695A CN 1035695 A CN1035695 A CN 1035695A CN 88104849 A CN88104849 A CN 88104849A CN 88104849 A CN88104849 A CN 88104849A CN 1035695 A CN1035695 A CN 1035695A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WURBVZBTWMNKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
Manual has been analyzed the power station difficulty of building the big flow of conventional traditional type low water head at big rivers at present, yet the means with supercharging are proposed, improve head, build the pressurized water power station, the water energy of downstream, korneforos, reasonable development great river and flat-bottomed land, rivers and creeks, and during this has also solved extraodinary flood, head is reduced to and is former design head four/for the moment, even also can guarantee normal power generation during to 1 meter head, need for the user, manual has also been introduced supercharging electricity generating principle and theoretical foundation, the dam structure arrangement, main auxiliary tool, and use control method, number is constructed and need be closed to supercharger also done brief analysis and calculating.
Description
One, foreword
At present build low water head in the middle and lower reaches of big-and-middle rivers, there is the certain difficulty problem in big flow traditional type water-power plant.Reason be flood and dry season the head instability, make the rotational speed of water turbine also unstable, can not send out and conform with quality.Though rotating speed can be adjusted very limited with the head adjustment.Flood period, head has reduced.Flow increase by the hydraulic turbine not what.Even also can reduce discharge value, generated energy is reduced or do not send.If big hydraulic turbine design, the flow that holds flood period can be more greatly.Can be multiple.In dry season, flow is not enough so, then can't make hydraulic turbine rotary electrification.If designing many hydraulic generator units regulates.Like this, the investment in power station improves greatly.In the low-head hydroelectric plant is very non-remunerative.If improve head with flooding to plough.Perhaps excavate roomy channel of approach and build middle and lower reaches one band power station, so, lose more than gain in the arable land that waste is a large amount of.Thereby the mankind go back the good method of neither one at present.The energy exploitation and application of low water head, big flow is got up, and allow it flow into the sea, that all too is unfortunate, for understanding the energy shortage of slow China, makes full use of the nature renewable energy resource.The present works out low head supercharged hydraulic power station and supercharger, and special exploitation is this part energy also, is China's modern service.
Two, low head supercharged hydraulic power station, waterpower development principle
The pressurized water power station is to be based upon among the bigger rivers, under the not too high situation of former head, makes full use of bigger flow, by closing supercharger, the energy that is obtained is all focused in the force pipe more, converges into one mighty current and removes to promote water turbine.Its form of building a station is according to the specific requirement of flood peak level.Can be divided into two kinds of forms of open supercharging and closed supercharging.Open hydrogenerator assembling seat in the plane requires lower, and the well formula factory building of flood control be arranged; Enclosed hydrogenerator assembling seat in the plane is higher, and flood control safety is good.
(1) open pressurized water power station (referring to figure one)
On big rivers, there is a not too high dam 1. to be provided with a considerable amount of machines hole along the dam direction in the upstream of dam, all have in each machine hole a hydraulic booster machine 2. it with the part water of upstream, be pressed into that parallel being embedded in the dam pressure inside pipe 3, penstocks one end is sealing, and the other end leads to electrical generation water wheels 4. and promotes the water wheels unit generation.After the water acting, water will be drained in the dam downstream by draft tube 5 sucking-offs, and its intrasystem current are by this route operation:
Supercharger 2 → penstocks 3 → water turbine 4 → draft tube 5 → level of tail water of dam 1 upper pond level → parallel connection
(2) closed pressurized water power station (referring to figure two)
If parallelly again in dam 1 front, open pressurized water power station build a backflow draft tube 5, will be from the tail water behind the water turbine 4, the water inlet that draws back the supercharging pump again so just forms a closed water circulation system, and its intrasystem current are by following route operation:
(3) the closed pressurized water of figure three expressions power station dam cross-sectional configuration figure
To open pressurized water power station, then do not reflux draft tube 1 and gate valve 4, other position is identical.
(4) supercharger is the special equipment in pressurized water power station.It is combined (referring to figure four left sides) by a propeller turbine and centrifugal water pump.Rotary part is contained on the axle center 4 jointly by hydroturbine rotor 6 and water pump runner 2, and thrust bearing 3 and the whole rotary part of block bearing 5 common supports are arranged, and is installed in because of supercharger is generally always horizontal in the open channel formula machine hole, dam upstream.For install and maintenance to get cartridge rotor convenient, the water guide seat ring 7 of the hydraulic turbine and pump case 1 are all made up and down can deciliter two and half garden structures.In addition, the floating control one way valve that also has a special automatic unlatching on supercharger pump case delivery port place (referring to figure four right sides), when supercharger is participated in generating work, because machine has water generates buoyancy in the hole, float 4 is floated, by lever 2 effects, add current in the pump again, can push one way valve 1 very easily open, make current enter force pipe, descend when supercharger quits work, the machine hole is anhydrous, the float mistake is floating, one way valve is closed automatically and is avoided aqueous reflux, power station staff like this can operate a certain supercharger at any time and participate in or quit work.For minimizing work promotes resistance, adjust the balance element 3 on the lever, then can reach.
Three, the theoretical foundation of supercharging power station supercharging
The first, observe law of conservation of energy, can fundamental formular N=9.81QH by water.H is a foundation, in theory, is disregarding under friction and the hydraulic loss situation, and the energy that is increased at the press water in-pipe flow should be when several superchargers are worked on the dam, and the energy that is obtained equates.That is: 9.81Q
2H
2=n.9.81Q
1H
1(1)
The second,, can illustrate that the flow velocity of understanding penstocks inside and pressure and the energy relationship that is obtained can be obtained by following formula water flow pressure in the pipeline and speed by Bernoulli Jacob's energy equation.That is: E=H
1+ P
2/ r+u
2 2/ 2g ... (2)
In closed pressurized water electric power station system, the water column of force pipe and tail water return duct equates that positive and negative low disappearing becomes the merging of (1) (2) two formulas
n.g.81Q
1H
1＝p
2/r+u
2 2/2g……（3）
Above various in, H
1Q
1Former head of-dam and flow
H
2Q
2P
2u
2Head, flow, pressure, speed in the-penstocks
By following formula as seen, the supercharger cohort at total energy that dam obtained so long as enough, no matter how many former head, former flows show, as long as both products, keep a stable energy value E, then pressure and the flow velocity in the penstocks also can keep a steadiness parameter value, and we utilize these two parameters to remove to select the hydraulic generator unit, and the electricity that is sent also is stable.
In open pressurization system, should add former head H in the preceding formula
1Former flow Q
1
Supercharger requirement n regulates according to great river river flow and head, and after head between flood period reduces, but flow increased a lot, and supercharger still does work in continuous rotation.It can also come energy absorption in the flood in the force pipe, though each supercharger absorbs energy have been reduced, at this moment, can open keep-up pressure original energy value in the pipe of supercharging board number more.Since supercharger can under any head, can both work under any rotating speed, with generator speed do not have direct relation, can work under low water head between flood period in this power station, yet guaranteed the generated energy in power station.
Four, the power station needs the supercharging board to count calculated example:
In order to utilize the water energy fully efficiently, we are designed to two kinds of forms with supercharger.That is: a kind of is efficient supercharger, uses between dry season.Another kind is the high power supercharger, uses in wet season, flood period.The root diameter size should be according to local river flow size, and head just carries out design alternative.
Example: suppose 100 cubes of meter per seconds of certain normal river flow, 4 meters of design heads, flood season head are everlasting 2～3 meters, and when extraodinary flood, head is reduced to 1 meter, during this, all want normal power generation.The design normal power generation is 3200 kilowatts.When river water is withered in the winter time, after flow reduces to 60 cubes of meter per seconds, also to guarantee 4 meters heads.
(1) in order to guarantee that 4 meters heads no longer reduce and bring into play 60 best benefits of flow, should select high efficiency supercharger, consider to also have in the future flow to reduce, be convenient to regulate, and that platform is counted multiple spot is favourable, so select 4, every concerns according to drawing flow and head by 15 cubes of meter per seconds of flow, calculates supercharger root diameter D=2.5 rice, rotation speed n=176 rev/min, N=589 kilowatt of each supercharger power.
When (two) eagre, head reduce, make full use of the flow generating, then select supercharger according to maximum power principle.Can adopt same big diameter rotor.(also can select for use greater than this diameter rotor, install than the depths) rotor blade corner and guide vane angle all should be selected by the azimuth of performance peak power.When 4 meters at head, every flow Q=27.5 cube meter per second; Rotation speed n=176 rev/min, N=1079.1 kilowatt of every supercharger power.
(3) calculate the power of various heads respectively and need to use the platform ordered series of numbers to go into following table according to top two kinds of superchargers, supply reader's reference:
Calculate according to last table, we require power generation stabilization in order to guarantee at extraodinary flood period, and power does not subtract, separate unit supercharger power, that is: 9.81 * 4 * 100/138.88=28.25 platform when then needing supercharging board number to equal design power/minimum head
Deduct some and can not estimate factor, 30 of high power supercharging units can be installed, consider that effective utilization and the maintenance to dry season needs will efficiently increase to 5 again, the 30+5=35 platform of installing altogether on the dam like this.When flood period, head was reduced to 1 meter, 35 machines all started, and then can guarantee the power station normal power generation.
Five, hydraulic generator unit and other auxiliary equipment
(1) hydraulic generator group low head supercharged hydraulic power station is to adopt existing volume less, and the movable propeller turbine that the higher moderate head of rotating speed is used is more suitable.Also can adopt francis turbine, its size should be ordered goods to hydraulic turbine factory motor according to the head of power and force pipe.Vertical horizontally do not limit should have speed control device.Our installation site generally be installed in big abutment flood flood less than the riverbank on, also can two hydraulic generator units in parallel.Use for maintenance switching.If river surface is wide, the rivers that flow is big also can respectively be established a power station in two sides.
(2) gate valve is repaired for the ease of supercharger and is furnished with gate valve, and this valve can adopt existing standard spare.
(3) its structure of pipeline current make-up pump (only closed circulatory system need) and efficiently supercharger is the same, only volume is very little, and it is a replenishment system water flow inside and setting up.It can make and guarantee the current static balance in the system, avoids producing vibration, makes stable working, (installation site is shown in figure 2 7)
(4) supercharging unit room gate and antifouling grid.(referring to figure three) supercharger generally all is horizontal being installed in the preceding open channel formula machine of the dam hole, when energy adjustment is carried out in the supercharger power station, opening and closing this gate can realize, in order to reach the adjusting purpose in flood period, preferably require the energy remote-controlled operation, for keying work convenience, can be at supercharging unit room top design service bridge and special-purpose open/close machinery.Each machine hole all must have antifouling grid to seal entirely, prevents that flood period, dirt entered in machine hole and the force pipe.
Above auxiliary equipment is by water power designer design in the design power station as the case may be.
Six, the adjusting in pressurized water power station is used
For the electric energy that the pressurized water power station is produced meets national desired frequency and conveniently is incorporated into the power networks, then must regulate water turbine, its adjustable range is than existing traditional type power station adjustable range broadness, and it is stronger to adapt to head changes in flow rate ability.Method has:
(1) general adjusting is that the hydroturbine rotor and the water guide blade angle of generating are regulated, and this is a traditional type power station control method, also uses here.
(2) force pipe inside total energy being regulated, mainly is the supercharging board number of working before the increase and decrease dam, and flood period, increasing the platform number not only can be multiple electric, and also can help the upstream to carry out flood discharge, and flooding action is arranged.
(3) when above both adjustings all reach capacity, can regulate adjustable pipe valve 5(between penstocks and the backflow draft tube) referring to figure two.Can reduce the flow that enters the hydraulic turbine like this, reach to replenish and regulate purpose.
(4) open, when the water yield reaches the most withered, also can directly not promote the operation of hydraulic generator unit by supercharging.
Seven, about efficient and power plant scale relation
The gross efficiency of low head supercharged hydraulic power station and former head height, installed capacity and supercharger size, the force pipe diameter is relevant, and size is big more, and efficient is high more.Size is more little, and frictional resistance is big more, and efficient is then low.Be generally 70～85%.
Eight, the advantage in low head supercharged formula power station
1, very broad because of adjustable range, say from power generating quality, directly utilize low water head to promote that the hydraulic generator unit is stable, reliable, quality is high than traditional type, say from quantity, because of generating electricity flood period, head reduces little to generating influence, so generated energy is also many than traditional power station, and the utilization rate height of water energy.
2, the power station has supercharger to make full use of big flow to generate electricity, thereby helps the flood discharge effect.Can guarantee that flood period, safety was passed the flood period.
3, because of head is low, build a station and do not flood the good farmland, arable land, save a large amount of soils, the practicable multistage ladder development and use in river can all can fully utilize the water of the big-and-middle rivers middle and lower reaches of China.
4, investment is low, and instant effect is near apart from electricity consumer, conveniently is incorporated into the power networks.
5, supercharger is simple in structure, and is cheap, and the maintenance of equipment and power station technology are managed also and all manyed a two adjusting rotary propeller type water wheel motor groups requirement simply than using.
6, hydraulic generator unit volume is little, and the rotating speed height does not need that expensive accelerating gearbox to quicken.
Annotate: drawing flow is selected by ∏ 592 type rotating vanes, please refer to:
The turbine equipment in power station (Soviet Union) H.M bed ripples husband work
Huang Mingzhong translates Xu Ji side
Chinese industrial publishing house in October, 1964 Beijing front page
Claims (7)
1, low head supercharged hydraulic power station is made up of dam, supercharger, penstocks, hydraulic generator unit, draft tube (draft tube perhaps refluxes).The operating characteristic of low head supercharged hydraulic power station: be under the situation of low water head, to adopt the hydraulic booster means, in penstocks, concentrate energy.After improving head, go again to promote the hydraulic generator unit and generate electricity.
2, be meant draft tube behind the hydraulic generator unit as the draft tube of the said low head supercharged hydraulic power station of claim 1, formed open water circulation route feature by it and be:
3, be meant the tail water return duct that links with the supercharger inlet tube behind the hydraulic generator unit as (draft tube perhaps refluxes) in the said low water pressurized water of claim 1 power station, the closed water circulation route feature of being made up of it is:
4, as the said low head supercharged hydraulic power station feature of claim 1: be to have in the dam one collect water can with penstocks and many horizontal straight draft tubes that the installation supercharger is used.
5, as the feature of claim 1 and 4 said low head supercharged hydraulic power stations: the water conservancy diversion anemostat that the supercharger water export is arranged in penstocks inside.(analysing and observe) referring to figure three upper right corner A-A
6, as the said low head supercharged hydraulic power station feature of claim 1: be to use the supercharger supercharging.
7, said as claim 1 and 6, the used supercharger of low head supercharged hydraulic power station is formed its feature by centrifugal pump, the rotary propeller type hydraulic turbine and floating control one way valve: rotor of the coaxial composition of centrifugal pump driving wheel and rotary wheel of water turbine.When rotor was not participated in supercharging work, one way valve can be closed automatically.Prevent the aqueous reflux of penstocks.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88104849A CN1035695A (en) | 1988-07-31 | 1988-07-31 | Low head supercharged hydraulic power station and supercharger |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88104849A CN1035695A (en) | 1988-07-31 | 1988-07-31 | Low head supercharged hydraulic power station and supercharger |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1035695A true CN1035695A (en) | 1989-09-20 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN88104849A Pending CN1035695A (en) | 1988-07-31 | 1988-07-31 | Low head supercharged hydraulic power station and supercharger |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102852698A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-01-02 | 黄永生 | Reforming technology of hydro electric generating set |
| CN109162855A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-01-08 | 黄飞灵 | A kind of turbofan water wheels reinforcing electricity generation system |
| CN109989869A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Hydroelectric power generation turbine device and method |
| CN110259676A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-09-20 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | A kind of performance test apparatus and test method of booster compressor |
-
1988
- 1988-07-31 CN CN88104849A patent/CN1035695A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102852698A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-01-02 | 黄永生 | Reforming technology of hydro electric generating set |
| CN109162855A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-01-08 | 黄飞灵 | A kind of turbofan water wheels reinforcing electricity generation system |
| CN109989869A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-09 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Hydroelectric power generation turbine device and method |
| CN110259676A (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2019-09-20 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | A kind of performance test apparatus and test method of booster compressor |
| CN110259676B (en) * | 2019-05-22 | 2021-04-09 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | Performance test equipment and test method for booster compressor |
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